1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:21,000
It is May 1962. An experiment is being conducted in the Elegant Interaction Laboratory at Yale University.

2
00:00:21,000 --> 00:00:27,000
The subjects are 40 males between the ages of 20 and 50 residing in the greater New Haven area.

3
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:32,000
They were obtained by a newspaper advertisement and direct mail solicitation.

4
00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:37,000
The subjects range in occupation from corporation presidents to good humor men and plumbers,

5
00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:40,000
and an educational level from one who had not finished elementary school,

6
00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:44,000
to subjects who have doctorate and other professional degrees.

7
00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:55,000
Now both of you have been paid, so let me sit right now.

8
00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:59,000
Let me say that the checks are yours simply for showing up at the lab.

9
00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:02,000
And from this point on, no matter what happens, the money is yours.

10
00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:07,000
I should like to tell both of you a little about the Memory Project.

11
00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:14,000
Psychologists have developed several theories to explain how people learn various types of material.

12
00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:17,000
Some of the better known theories are treated in the book over there,

13
00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:20,000
The Teaching and Learning Process by Cantor.

14
00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:25,000
One theory is that people learn things correctly whenever they get punished for making a mistake.

15
00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:30,000
A common application to this theory would be when parents spank a child and he does something wrong.

16
00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:33,000
But actually, we know very little about the effect of punishment on learning,

17
00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:38,000
because almost no truly scientific studies have been made of it in human beings.

18
00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:41,000
For instance, we don't know how much punishment is best for learning.

19
00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:44,000
And we don't know how much difference it makes as to who is giving the punishment,

20
00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:49,000
whether an adult learns best from an older or a younger person himself or many things of this sort.

21
00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:54,000
So what we're doing in this project is bringing together a number of adults of different occupations and ages,

22
00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:58,000
and we're asking some of them to be teachers and some to be learners.

23
00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:02,000
We want to find out just what effect different people have on each other as teachers and learners,

24
00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:06,000
and also what effect punishment will have on learning in this situation.

25
00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:10,000
Therefore, I'm going to ask one of you to be the teacher here this afternoon,

26
00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:12,000
and the other be the learner.

27
00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:18,000
And the way we usually decide is to let you draw from these two pieces of paper on which I've written the two positions.

28
00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:22,000
If this is agreeable with folks as you, we can do that one.

29
00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:23,000
Let me just take one, please.

30
00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:24,000
Do you have the other?

31
00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:27,000
Would you open those and tell me which of you is which, please?

32
00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:29,000
Teacher.

33
00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:30,000
Where?

34
00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:31,000
Teacher.

35
00:02:31,000 --> 00:02:36,000
Alright, now the next thing we'll have to do is set the learner up so that he can get some sort of punishment.

36
00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:40,000
So, learner, would you step out here with me, please?

37
00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:41,000
What are you seeing?

38
00:02:41,000 --> 00:02:42,000
Thank you.

39
00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:43,000
What?

40
00:02:43,000 --> 00:02:44,000
Let us know.

41
00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:48,000
Sir, I gave birth to me, please I gave birth to my daughter to take the hated daughter

42
00:02:48,000 --> 00:02:49,000
when I got in now.

43
00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:52,000
A mother as a parent gave birth to a man to стать aboutologie,

44
00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:54,000
and then now the poetry she saw.

45
00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:55,000
Should I be sure?

46
00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:56,000
What we knew still should be.

47
00:02:56,000 --> 00:02:58,000
When I got to resist theση of the person touched my daughter,

48
00:02:58,000 --> 00:02:59,000
and then I carried a woman through you?

49
00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:00,500
What kinds of group gosh do you have as a parent?

50
00:03:00,500 --> 00:03:14,780
you want to step right in here learner and have a seat there you can leave your coat on the back

51
00:03:14,780 --> 00:03:23,840
of that chair if you will please take it right off that's fine have a seat right here and put

52
00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:28,580
yourself right up to the counter please uh teacher you may look on if you'd like while

53
00:03:28,580 --> 00:03:44,660
we get set up in here would you roll up your right sleeve please now what I'm going to do is strap

54
00:03:44,660 --> 00:03:50,080
down your arms to avoid any excessive movement on your part during the experiment is that too tight

55
00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:56,120
this electrode is connected to the shock generator in the next room

56
00:03:56,120 --> 00:04:04,880
and this electrode paste is to provide a good contact to avoid any blister or burn

57
00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:15,320
all right now let me explain to you learner exactly what's going to happen what you're supposed to do

58
00:04:15,320 --> 00:04:22,760
the teacher will read a list of word pairs to you like these a blue girl nice day fat neck and so

59
00:04:22,760 --> 00:04:29,180
forth you are to try to remember each pair for the next time through the teacher will read only the

60
00:04:29,180 --> 00:04:35,900
first word or the first half of the word pair for example he will say blue and then he'll read four

61
00:04:35,900 --> 00:04:43,160
other words such as boy girl grass hat now your job is to remember which one of these four other words

62
00:04:43,160 --> 00:04:48,500
was originally paired with blue and you indicate your answer by pressing one of these four switches

63
00:04:48,500 --> 00:04:55,920
now can you reach those all right that's fine now if the first word I just read boy had been paired with

64
00:04:55,920 --> 00:05:00,500
blue you'd press the first switch and this will indicate to the teacher that you thought it was the

65
00:05:00,500 --> 00:05:06,380
first word if you thought it had been the second word girl you'd press the second switch and so forth for

66
00:05:06,380 --> 00:05:12,860
the third word the third switch fourth word the fourth switch now if you get it correct fine if

67
00:05:12,860 --> 00:05:16,760
you make an error however you'll be punished with an electric shock so of course it is to your advantage

68
00:05:16,760 --> 00:05:21,500
that you learn all these word pairs as quickly as possible to think so do you have any questions now

69
00:05:21,500 --> 00:05:28,040
before we go to the next room no but I think I should say this about two years ago I was the veterans

70
00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:34,160
hospital in West Haven and while there they detected a heart condition nothing serious but as long as I'm

71
00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:40,480
having these shocks how strong are they how dangerous are they well no although they may be painful they're not

72
00:05:40,480 --> 00:05:47,660
dangerous anything else no that's all all right teacher would you take the test and be seated in

73
00:05:47,660 --> 00:05:58,040
front of the shock generator please in the next room this machine generates electric shocks when you press

74
00:05:58,040 --> 00:06:02,960
one of the switches all the way down the learner gets a shock when you release it the shock stops you see

75
00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:08,420
like that the switch will remain in this middle position after you released it to show you which

76
00:06:08,420 --> 00:06:13,160
switches you've used on the board of course if you were to press any one of them again the learner

77
00:06:13,160 --> 00:06:18,860
would get another shock all subjects are given identical instructions and the sample shock

78
00:06:18,860 --> 00:06:26,780
the machine is now on to give you the teacher an idea of how much shock the learner is getting we think

79
00:06:26,780 --> 00:06:32,240
it's only fair that you receive a sample shock yourself are you agreeable with this all right

80
00:06:32,240 --> 00:06:41,780
I have to would you pull up your right sleeve a little bit please all right I'm going to ask you to

81
00:06:41,780 --> 00:06:46,700
close your eyes and estimate the number of volts you receive in the sample shock do not open your

82
00:06:46,700 --> 00:06:54,620
eyes until I tell you to do so please close them now okay you may open your eyes and using the voltage

83
00:06:54,620 --> 00:07:01,640
scale here would you estimate for me the number of volts you receive please you may also use the

84
00:07:01,640 --> 00:07:12,860
verbal designations slight moderate strong so forth to help you a number please would you about 75 I know

85
00:07:12,860 --> 00:07:18,440
actually it was 45 here although it may have seemed stronger because of the electrode paste which

86
00:07:18,440 --> 00:07:26,060
provides a perfect contact all right let's go on to our instructions we will begin with this test you

87
00:07:26,060 --> 00:07:31,100
will read each pair of words in this list once to the learner until you've read through the entire list

88
00:07:31,100 --> 00:07:37,040
direct your voice toward that microphone as the rooms are partially soundproof after you read through the

89
00:07:37,040 --> 00:07:42,440
list once you'll go on to the next page and here starting from line a you'll read the word in large

90
00:07:42,440 --> 00:07:47,660
letters along with each of the other words in the line for example in the first line you read blue boy

91
00:07:47,660 --> 00:07:53,720
girl grass hat now after you've read the four choices the learner pushes one of the switches on the

92
00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:59,920
board in front of him and the number he has selected will light up in this box one two three or four now if

93
00:07:59,920 --> 00:08:05,600
he gives the correct answer you say correct and go on to the next line the correct answer is underlined and is

94
00:08:05,600 --> 00:08:11,480
also indicated in the right margin yeah if he were to indicate the wrong answer you would say wrong

95
00:08:11,480 --> 00:08:18,800
then tell him the number of volts you're going to give him then give him the punishment then read the

96
00:08:18,800 --> 00:08:24,720
correct word pair once and then go on to the next line for example if he indicated three for blue you

97
00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:33,240
would say wrong fifteen volts depress and release the switch read blue girl and then go on to the

98
00:08:33,240 --> 00:08:40,660
next line now each time he gives a wrong answer you move up one switch on the shock generator and it's

99
00:08:40,660 --> 00:08:45,720
important that you follow this procedure exactly so to help you let me go through it again very quickly I

100
00:08:45,720 --> 00:08:52,900
I would suggest you read the list and the test at a brisk pace to keep it moving and of course we'll

101
00:08:52,900 --> 00:08:58,480
begin with 15 volts for the first wrong answer okay do not begin until I say ready begin please

102
00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:08,700
attention learner your teacher is about to begin the test try and remember the word pairs ready

103
00:09:08,700 --> 00:09:21,360
begin begin blue girl nice day fat neck the early stages of the test pass uneventfully incorrect

104
00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:29,880
you'll now get a shock of 75 volts soft hair he kind of did some yelling in there

105
00:09:29,880 --> 00:09:43,140
continue please incorrect you'll now get a shock of 105 volts hard head just how far can you go in

106
00:09:43,140 --> 00:09:51,540
this thing as far as is necessary what do you mean as far as is necessary complete the test I sure

107
00:09:51,540 --> 00:09:56,280
don't know the effect of this thing and I'm a little skeptical about electricity the experiment

108
00:09:56,280 --> 00:10:08,820
requires that you go on teacher please continue incorrect 150 volts sad face that's all get me out of

109
00:10:08,820 --> 00:10:13,980
here I told you I had heart trouble my heart starting to bother me now get me out of here please

110
00:10:13,980 --> 00:10:21,600
continue I'm starting to bother me I refuse to go on let me out I think we ought to find out what's wrong

111
00:10:21,600 --> 00:10:27,900
in there first the experiment requires that you continue well the experiment might require that

112
00:10:27,900 --> 00:10:33,540
we continue but I still think we should find out what the condition of the gentleman is as I said

113
00:10:33,540 --> 00:10:38,340
before although the shocks may be painful they're not dangerous look I don't know anything about

114
00:10:38,340 --> 00:10:43,680
electricity I don't profess any knowledge nor will I go any further until I find out if the guy's okay

115
00:10:43,680 --> 00:10:50,760
it's absolutely essential that you continue well essential or not this program isn't quite that

116
00:10:50,760 --> 00:10:54,420
important to me that I should go along doing something and I know nothing about particularly

117
00:10:54,420 --> 00:11:02,880
if it's going to injure someone I don't know what this is all about well whether the learner likes it or

118
00:11:02,880 --> 00:11:10,680
not we must go on until he learned all the word pairs correctly well you can sure have your 450 back I

119
00:11:10,680 --> 00:11:15,780
didn't want it anyhow I intend to give it to some charitable organization but I wouldn't go on with it the 450 is

120
00:11:15,780 --> 00:11:23,460
not the issue here that check is yours yeah I really do the lab it is essential that you continue the

121
00:11:23,460 --> 00:11:32,180
experiment no it isn't essential you had no other choice teacher oh I have a lot of choices my number

122
00:11:32,180 --> 00:11:40,620
one choice is that I wouldn't go on if I thought he was being harmed the teacher was of necessity placed

123
00:11:40,620 --> 00:11:45,340
in a difficult predicament and steps had to be taken to assure his well-being before he was the

124
00:11:45,340 --> 00:11:50,680
starts from the laboratory after an extended discussion with the experimenter a friendly

125
00:11:50,680 --> 00:11:53,740
reconciliation was arranged between teacher and learner

126
00:11:53,740 --> 00:12:22,300
wrong hair 75 volts Jim please continue cool wrong head 105 volts hello wet

127
00:12:22,300 --> 00:12:27,640
wrong it's horse 150 volts

128
00:12:27,640 --> 00:12:34,980
experimenter that's all get me out of here

129
00:12:34,980 --> 00:12:42,980
he's quit I had heart trouble my heart's starting to bother me now get me out of here please my heart's starting to bother me I refuse to go on let me out

130
00:12:42,980 --> 00:12:57,320
continue teacher please go on the next word is sad well I'm not going on if he refuses to do it the experiment requires that you go on teacher if he refuses I won't whether the learner likes it or not we must go on until he's learned all the work

131
00:12:57,320 --> 00:13:04,660
take the check back I'm not going to hurt the guy no the checks not the issue it's absolutely essential that you continue

132
00:13:04,660 --> 00:13:05,920
well he don't want to

133
00:13:05,920 --> 00:13:09,500
I refuse to

134
00:13:09,500 --> 00:13:13,800
we had no other choice you must have a choice

135
00:13:13,800 --> 00:13:24,000
that is if you don't continue we're going to have to discontinue the experiment we'll have to he says cut it out after all he knows what he can stand

136
00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:30,600
great if I took that thing that the slight one it was enough for me I wouldn't want to be getting out every time I got a wrong answer

137
00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:35,460
that's my opinion that's where I understand on it

138
00:13:35,460 --> 00:13:45,660
how do you feel how do I feel he was getting a shock I feel all right I'd like to ask you something at one point

139
00:13:45,660 --> 00:13:51,960
uh were you you were doing something a little unusual were you laughing at something at one point

140
00:13:51,960 --> 00:13:58,720
yes I was at first I was laughing at him when I heard him yell ouch

141
00:13:58,720 --> 00:14:04,500
why do you think you were laughing I don't know I thought it was funny I suppose

142
00:14:04,500 --> 00:14:09,720
and then I got to think when he said no that's enough he had enough it wasn't funny to me then

143
00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:15,220
one might suppose that a subject would simply break off or continue as his conscience and temperament dictate

144
00:14:15,220 --> 00:14:20,200
if this is very far from what happened there were powerful reactions of tension and emotional strain

145
00:14:20,200 --> 00:14:25,500
in a substantial portion of the teachers one puzzling sign of tension was the regular occurrence of nervous

146
00:14:25,500 --> 00:14:31,900
laughing fits 14 of 40 subjects showed definite signs of nervous laughter and smiling in the post

147
00:14:31,900 --> 00:14:36,760
experimental interview subjects took pains to point out they were not sadistic types and the laughter did

148
00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:41,020
not mean they enjoyed attacking the learner I'd like to tell you a little more about the experiment

149
00:14:41,020 --> 00:14:50,560
first of all the gentleman there was not being shocked he got no shocks whatsoever did you think

150
00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:56,260
he was certainly I did in fact I try to get my finger off the button as fast as I could no he wasn't

151
00:14:56,260 --> 00:15:02,140
being shocked at all and the main purpose of the experiment was to see how you would react to mr.

152
00:15:02,140 --> 00:15:10,060
Williams orders whether you would take them or defy his authority or what I defied it certainly did why

153
00:15:10,060 --> 00:15:16,000
didn't you go on the hell with him who the hell is he as far as I'm concerned see right no thanks for one

154
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:31,760
there's an ashtray right over there he's not telling in my mind I was hurting that guy I have to continue to hurt another human being I don't believe in it no matter what he had said no matter what who said mr. Williams

155
00:15:31,760 --> 00:15:40,580
the hell would have mr. Williams or anybody else how did you feel about mr. Williams

156
00:15:40,580 --> 00:15:50,300
I didn't never give it a thought you mean I didn't like him well how did you feel about it oh I didn't

157
00:15:50,300 --> 00:15:55,760
even think about it quite frankly I don't care who he is you were the president of Yale or anybody else

158
00:15:55,760 --> 00:16:03,020
one aim of the research was to study behavior in a strong situation of deep consequence to the

159
00:16:03,020 --> 00:16:08,000
participants this approach meant that we had a special obligation to protect the welfare and

160
00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:13,100
dignity of the persons who took part in the study before they left the laboratory subjects were assured

161
00:16:13,100 --> 00:16:18,280
that the victim had received no painful shocks and equally important they were reconciled with their

162
00:16:18,280 --> 00:16:24,200
victim in an atmosphere of friendliness after the completion of the experimental series subjects were

163
00:16:24,200 --> 00:16:29,640
sent a detailed report of the results and full purposes of the experimental program a formal

164
00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:35,600
assessment of this procedure points to its overall effectiveness the victim was an accomplice of the

165
00:16:35,600 --> 00:16:40,640
experimenter the drawing was rigged so that the naive subject was always the teacher and the

166
00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:59,480
accomplice always became a learner the victim according to plan provided many wrong answers his verbal responses

167
00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:03,980
were standardized on tape and each protest was coordinated to a particular voltage level on the

168
00:17:03,980 --> 00:17:12,620
shock generator with the aid of indicator lights the experimenter who was provided with a similar indicator

169
00:17:12,620 --> 00:17:18,380
panel took notes on the subject's performance he recorded any deviations from the prescribed sequence of shocks

170
00:17:18,380 --> 00:17:24,500
the interval between the victim's answer and the subject's delivery of a shock and the time and

171
00:17:24,500 --> 00:17:30,200
milliseconds that the shock lever was depressed unknown to the subjects shock levels were automatically

172
00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:35,640
recorded by an event recorder wired directly into the shock generator this provided us with an objective

173
00:17:35,640 --> 00:17:51,260
record of each subject's performance that is incorrect this will be 195 volts the correct one slow dance

174
00:17:51,260 --> 00:17:56,700
let me out of here my heart bother me let me out of here you have no right to keep me here let me out

175
00:17:56,700 --> 00:18:01,640
let me out of here let me out continue please let me out of here my heart's bothering me go on let me out

176
00:18:01,640 --> 00:18:12,920
responsible for it red that is incorrect this will be at 3 30

177
00:18:12,920 --> 00:18:25,300
the correct phrase is rich boy let me out of here my heart's bothering me let me out of here let me out of here

178
00:18:25,300 --> 00:18:31,400
next phrase is fast let me out let me out let me out of here bird car train plane

179
00:18:38,840 --> 00:18:39,640
continue teacher

180
00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:47,240
that is incorrect this will be 3 45

181
00:18:50,520 --> 00:18:53,080
the correct answer is fast bird

182
00:18:55,880 --> 00:18:57,480
the next one blunt

183
00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:03,240
he doesn't answer i'm not going to go further with it

184
00:19:04,040 --> 00:19:08,200
i think 3 45 as far as i'm willing to go under his condition

185
00:19:08,200 --> 00:19:13,160
he's complaining as i said the experiment requires that you continue teaching

186
00:19:13,880 --> 00:19:14,920
i'm not going to go any further

187
00:19:16,520 --> 00:19:18,360
it's absolutely essential that you continue

188
00:19:18,360 --> 00:19:19,800
yeah i'm not going to do it though

189
00:19:21,560 --> 00:19:24,360
whether the learner likes it or not we must go on until he has learned

190
00:19:24,920 --> 00:19:26,360
all the word pairs correctly

191
00:19:27,640 --> 00:19:32,040
once if he didn't answer i didn't mind twice but the third time he refuses to answer i don't want to go any

192
00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:32,920
further

193
00:19:34,920 --> 00:19:38,120
because i think that when we're getting this stage here and he is

194
00:19:40,600 --> 00:19:44,280
complaint of a heart condition and he is complaining now i don't want to go any further

195
00:19:46,040 --> 00:19:47,480
you had no other choice teacher

196
00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:50,440
i don't have a choice i'm not going to go ahead with it

197
00:19:50,440 --> 00:19:58,600
well we'll have to discontinue the experiment then i'm sorry i'd like to

198
00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:07,400
like to ask you a few questions if i may sure before the post experimental interview subjects were

199
00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:13,640
asked to complete a questionnaire they were asked to indicate for example on a 14 point scale just how

200
00:20:13,640 --> 00:20:19,320
nervous or tense they felt subjects were also asked to estimate the degree of pain suffered by the victim

201
00:20:20,440 --> 00:20:22,760
let's see could i have those sheets please sure that's

202
00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:35,000
hey you say that um the last few shocks that you administered to the learner and it seemed to

203
00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:39,560
you to be extremely painful to him why do you say that well by the yelling and he uh

204
00:20:41,800 --> 00:20:47,160
well he wanted to get out of it i mean how else can you think do you think he had a right to get out

205
00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:54,360
well i should think so did he volunteer to be in the experiment yes he did not knowing what he was in

206
00:20:54,360 --> 00:21:03,160
for though what gave him the right to get out of the experiment well it's something that's against his

207
00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:08,680
will well of a hundred people placed in this situation how many do you think would just go

208
00:21:08,680 --> 00:21:15,400
right on to the end and mr wallace's with mr wallace were out there and say mr williams for some reason

209
00:21:15,400 --> 00:21:22,840
or other said keep going you're asking me how many people 100 right

210
00:21:26,120 --> 00:21:30,600
well personally i think yeah if you get one or two you'd be lucky well i'm not sure lucky is

211
00:21:30,600 --> 00:21:38,280
40 psychiatrists at a leading medical school were also asked to predict the performance of 100

212
00:21:38,280 --> 00:21:43,400
hypothetical subjects they predicted that only a little more than one-tenth of one percent of the

213
00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:48,920
subjects would administer the highest shock on the board yet actually 50 percent of the subjects obeyed

214
00:21:48,920 --> 00:22:14,040
the experimenters commands fully in the experiment depicted in this film wrong wrong volts 135 answer woman

215
00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:35,640
n white cloud horse rock house answer wrong 150 volts answer horse

216
00:22:35,640 --> 00:22:53,240
the experiment requires you continue teacher please continue next word is sad

217
00:22:53,240 --> 00:23:04,680
oh sad sad face music clown girl

218
00:23:10,280 --> 00:23:10,760
correct

219
00:23:14,040 --> 00:23:20,920
next one short sentence movie skirt time answer please

220
00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:22,920
wrong

221
00:23:25,240 --> 00:23:27,640
under 65 volts time

222
00:23:35,240 --> 00:23:36,760
continue please go on

223
00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:44,520
there's a lot of them here you know you have a heart condition there

224
00:23:45,880 --> 00:23:48,120
you want me to go just continue please

225
00:23:50,920 --> 00:23:53,400
okay

226
00:23:53,800 --> 00:23:56,360
no

227
00:23:56,360 --> 00:24:19,240
also

228
00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:24,860
Stand and I'm not gonna kill that man. Yeah, you hear him hollering. They said before the shocks may be painful

229
00:24:24,860 --> 00:24:28,260
They're not being in their hollering. He can't stand it. What if something happens to him?

230
00:24:29,240 --> 00:24:32,120
The experiment requires that you continue teaching. Yeah, but

231
00:24:32,840 --> 00:24:37,420
I'm not gonna get that man sick of that. I mean he's hollering in there

232
00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:40,360
You know what I mean?

233
00:24:40,360 --> 00:24:47,000
Whether learner likes it or not we must go on until he's learned all the words. I refuse to take the responsibility of getting hurt in there

234
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,160
I mean I'm not I mean he's under hollering

235
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,220
It's absolutely essential that you continue teacher

236
00:24:54,060 --> 00:24:58,600
There's too many left here, and I mean geez he gets wrong here. There's too many of them left. I

237
00:25:00,060 --> 00:25:06,120
Mean who's gonna take the responsibility if anything happens to that gentleman? I'm responsible for anything that happens here continue with

238
00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:13,600
Alright next one slow walk dance truck music answer, please

239
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,000
wrong

240
00:25:19,720 --> 00:25:21,720
195 volts dance

241
00:25:25,060 --> 00:25:27,060
Let me out of here

242
00:25:27,060 --> 00:25:29,060
Let me out of here

243
00:25:29,060 --> 00:25:31,060
Let me out of here

244
00:25:31,060 --> 00:25:33,060
You have no right to keep me here

245
00:25:33,060 --> 00:25:35,060
Let me out of here

246
00:25:35,060 --> 00:25:37,060
Let me out of here

247
00:25:37,060 --> 00:25:39,060
Let me out

248
00:25:39,060 --> 00:25:46,940
Well the experiment requires I mean I know it does sir, but I mean you don't know what he's getting in for he's up to 195 volts

249
00:25:48,700 --> 00:25:50,700
Answer, please

250
00:25:59,900 --> 00:26:01,900
Wrong

251
00:26:01,900 --> 00:26:03,900
225 volts

252
00:26:03,900 --> 00:26:05,900
225 volts

253
00:26:05,900 --> 00:26:07,900
The word is noise

254
00:26:11,900 --> 00:26:12,900
No

255
00:26:12,900 --> 00:26:15,900
House pet book name

256
00:26:16,900 --> 00:26:18,900
Answer, please

257
00:26:21,900 --> 00:26:22,900
Correct

258
00:26:22,900 --> 00:26:23,900
Correct

259
00:26:25,900 --> 00:26:29,900
Next one quiet song party child evening

260
00:26:31,900 --> 00:26:32,900
Correct

261
00:26:34,900 --> 00:26:37,900
Next one tame wolf bear dog cat

262
00:26:41,900 --> 00:26:42,900
Wrong

263
00:26:44,900 --> 00:26:47,900
Answer is bear 240 volts

264
00:26:47,900 --> 00:26:48,900
Next one sweet

265
00:26:48,900 --> 00:26:49,900
Right

266
00:26:49,900 --> 00:26:54,900
Now you go back up to the beginning of that page and go through it again until he's learned them all correctly

267
00:26:54,900 --> 00:27:00,900
Oh no, no, I'm not gonna kill that man in there. Do you mean I gotta keep going up with the scale?

268
00:27:00,900 --> 00:27:04,900
No, sir, he's already there. I'm not gonna give him 450 volts

269
00:27:04,900 --> 00:27:08,900
The experiment requires I know it does but that man is hollering in there, sir

270
00:27:09,900 --> 00:27:14,900
As I said before although the shocks may be painful, they're not dangerous. He's yelling in there

271
00:27:15,900 --> 00:27:20,900
Start with blue, please at the top of the page. Continue, please teacher

272
00:27:21,900 --> 00:27:23,900
What do I tell them we're going over it again?

273
00:27:24,900 --> 00:27:25,900
No, just just go ahead

274
00:27:26,900 --> 00:27:30,900
Blue boy girl grass hat

275
00:27:30,900 --> 00:27:33,900
Boy girl grass hat

276
00:27:36,900 --> 00:27:37,900
Correct

277
00:27:39,900 --> 00:27:40,900
Nice

278
00:27:40,900 --> 00:27:43,900
Day sky job chair

279
00:27:49,900 --> 00:27:50,900
Wrong

280
00:27:51,900 --> 00:27:52,900
Answer is day

281
00:27:53,900 --> 00:27:55,900
285 volts

282
00:28:00,900 --> 00:28:01,900
Continue please

283
00:28:01,900 --> 00:28:02,900
Fat

284
00:28:03,900 --> 00:28:05,900
Man lady tub neck

285
00:28:07,900 --> 00:28:08,900
Answer please

286
00:28:10,900 --> 00:28:11,900
Wrong

287
00:28:12,900 --> 00:28:13,900
Answer is neck

288
00:28:14,900 --> 00:28:15,900
300 volts

289
00:28:20,900 --> 00:28:22,900
I absolutely refuse to answer anymore

290
00:28:22,900 --> 00:28:23,900
Get me out of here

291
00:28:23,900 --> 00:28:24,900
You can't hold me here

292
00:28:24,900 --> 00:28:25,900
Get me out

293
00:28:25,900 --> 00:28:26,900
Get me out of here

294
00:28:26,900 --> 00:28:27,900
Continue the next word is green please

295
00:28:27,900 --> 00:28:30,900
Green grass hat ink apple

296
00:28:38,900 --> 00:28:39,900
I can't go on you want answer

297
00:28:40,900 --> 00:28:47,900
If the learner doesn't answer in a reasonable time about four or five seconds consider the answer wrong and follow the same procedures you have been doing for wrong answers

298
00:28:48,900 --> 00:28:51,900
Say wrong tell them the number of volts given the punishment reading the correct answer

299
00:28:51,900 --> 00:28:52,900
Oh man

300
00:28:54,900 --> 00:28:55,900
Continue please

301
00:28:57,900 --> 00:29:01,900
Green grass hat ink apple

302
00:29:02,900 --> 00:29:03,900
Answer please

303
00:29:10,900 --> 00:29:12,900
Go on with the procedure please teacher

304
00:29:12,900 --> 00:29:16,900
Three hundred and fifteen volts the answer is ink

305
00:29:23,900 --> 00:29:24,900
Next one

306
00:29:24,900 --> 00:29:25,900
I refuse to answer

307
00:29:26,900 --> 00:29:28,900
You gotta keep getting a shock if you don't answer

308
00:29:30,900 --> 00:29:31,900
Next one is rich

309
00:29:32,900 --> 00:29:33,900
Three hundred and thirty volts

310
00:29:33,900 --> 00:29:34,900
Three hundred and thirty volts

311
00:29:39,900 --> 00:29:40,900
Let me out of here

312
00:29:40,900 --> 00:29:41,900
Let me out of here

313
00:29:41,900 --> 00:29:42,900
Let me out of here

314
00:29:42,900 --> 00:29:43,900
My heart's bothering me

315
00:29:43,900 --> 00:29:44,900
Next one

316
00:29:44,900 --> 00:29:45,900
Let me out of here

317
00:29:45,900 --> 00:29:46,900
Let me out of here

318
00:29:46,900 --> 00:29:47,900
You have no right to hold me here

319
00:29:47,900 --> 00:29:48,900
Let me out

320
00:29:48,900 --> 00:29:49,900
Let me out

321
00:29:49,900 --> 00:29:50,900
Let me out

322
00:29:50,900 --> 00:29:51,900
Let me out

323
00:29:51,900 --> 00:29:52,900
Let me out

324
00:29:52,900 --> 00:29:53,900
Let me out

325
00:29:54,900 --> 00:29:55,900
Bird

326
00:29:55,900 --> 00:29:56,900
Car

327
00:29:56,900 --> 00:29:57,900
Train

328
00:29:57,900 --> 00:29:58,900
Plane

329
00:30:03,900 --> 00:30:04,900
Go on please

330
00:30:04,900 --> 00:30:05,900
Please answer

331
00:30:10,900 --> 00:30:12,900
The answer is bird

332
00:30:12,900 --> 00:30:14,900
Three hundred and forty-five volts

333
00:30:20,900 --> 00:30:21,900
Blunt

334
00:30:21,900 --> 00:30:22,900
Knife

335
00:30:22,900 --> 00:30:23,900
Stick

336
00:30:23,900 --> 00:30:24,900
Word

337
00:30:24,900 --> 00:30:25,900
Arrow

338
00:30:25,900 --> 00:30:26,900
Answer please

339
00:30:30,900 --> 00:30:31,900
Continue please

340
00:30:31,900 --> 00:30:35,900
The answer is arrow

341
00:30:35,900 --> 00:30:38,900
Three hundred and sixty volts

342
00:30:45,900 --> 00:30:46,900
Go on please with the experiment

343
00:30:46,900 --> 00:30:47,900
Please continue

344
00:30:48,900 --> 00:30:50,900
Soft

345
00:30:50,900 --> 00:30:51,900
Rug

346
00:30:51,900 --> 00:30:52,900
Pillow

347
00:30:52,900 --> 00:30:53,900
Hair

348
00:30:53,900 --> 00:30:54,900
Grass

349
00:30:54,900 --> 00:30:55,900
Answer please

350
00:31:01,900 --> 00:31:02,900
Are you alright in there?

351
00:31:02,900 --> 00:31:03,900
Are you alright in there?

352
00:31:03,900 --> 00:31:04,900
You alright in there?

353
00:31:04,900 --> 00:31:08,900
All right you have to do it

354
00:31:08,900 --> 00:31:10,900
I'm sorry

355
00:31:10,900 --> 00:31:11,900
Go on teacher

356
00:31:11,900 --> 00:31:12,900
Air

357
00:31:12,900 --> 00:31:13,900
Three hundred and seventy-five volts

358
00:31:13,900 --> 00:31:14,900
I think something's happened to that fellow in there

359
00:31:14,900 --> 00:31:16,900
I don't get no answer

360
00:31:16,900 --> 00:31:17,900
He was hollering

361
00:31:17,900 --> 00:31:18,900
A less voltage

362
00:31:18,900 --> 00:31:19,900
Can't you check in to see if he's alright please?

363
00:31:19,900 --> 00:31:20,900
Not once we've started

364
00:31:20,900 --> 00:31:21,900
Please continue teacher

365
00:31:22,900 --> 00:31:23,900
Cool

366
00:31:23,900 --> 00:31:24,900
Day

367
00:31:24,900 --> 00:31:25,900
Shade

368
00:31:25,900 --> 00:31:26,900
Water

369
00:31:26,900 --> 00:31:27,900
Cave

370
00:31:27,900 --> 00:31:28,900
Answer please

371
00:31:28,900 --> 00:31:29,900
Are you alright in there?

372
00:31:29,900 --> 00:31:31,900
Are you all right?

373
00:31:31,900 --> 00:31:33,900
Please continue, teacher.

374
00:31:33,900 --> 00:31:35,900
What do you know, I keep giving them shocks?

375
00:31:35,900 --> 00:31:36,900
Continue, please.

376
00:31:36,900 --> 00:31:37,900
I'm up to 390.

377
00:31:37,900 --> 00:31:39,900
Continue, please.

378
00:31:39,900 --> 00:31:41,900
Something's happened to that man in there.

379
00:31:41,900 --> 00:31:46,900
National gold, dollar, necklace, moon, paint.

380
00:31:46,900 --> 00:31:48,900
Something's happened to that man in there.

381
00:31:48,900 --> 00:31:50,900
You better check in on him, sir.

382
00:31:50,900 --> 00:31:52,900
He won't answer me or nothing.

383
00:31:52,900 --> 00:31:53,900
Please continue.

384
00:31:53,900 --> 00:31:54,900
Go on, please.

385
00:31:54,900 --> 00:31:56,900
You accept that?

386
00:31:56,900 --> 00:31:58,900
The responsibility is mine, correct.

387
00:31:58,900 --> 00:31:59,900
Please go on.

388
00:31:59,900 --> 00:32:02,900
Gold, dollar, necklace, moon, paint.

389
00:32:02,900 --> 00:32:03,900
Answer, please.

390
00:32:03,900 --> 00:32:05,900
Are you all right?

391
00:32:05,900 --> 00:32:06,900
405 volts.

392
00:32:06,900 --> 00:32:08,900
The answer is moon.

393
00:32:08,900 --> 00:32:11,900
An accident, hard, stone, head, bread, work.

394
00:32:11,900 --> 00:32:13,900
Answer, please.

395
00:32:13,900 --> 00:32:14,900
Answer, please.

396
00:32:14,900 --> 00:32:15,900
No.

397
00:32:15,900 --> 00:32:16,900
No.

398
00:32:16,900 --> 00:32:17,900
No.

399
00:32:17,900 --> 00:32:18,900
No.

400
00:32:18,900 --> 00:32:19,900
No.

401
00:32:19,900 --> 00:32:20,900
No.

402
00:32:20,900 --> 00:32:21,900
No.

403
00:32:21,900 --> 00:32:22,900
No.

404
00:32:22,900 --> 00:32:23,900
No.

405
00:32:23,900 --> 00:32:24,900
No.

406
00:32:24,900 --> 00:32:29,900
Answer, please.

407
00:32:29,900 --> 00:32:31,900
The answer is head, 420 volts.

408
00:32:32,900 --> 00:32:36,900
And put on wet night, grass, duck, cloth.

409
00:32:37,900 --> 00:32:40,900
The answer is duck, 435 volts.

410
00:32:40,900 --> 00:32:43,900
Says dangerous, severe shock here.

411
00:32:43,900 --> 00:32:44,900
And eggs inside.

412
00:32:44,900 --> 00:32:45,900
What's the next one?

413
00:32:45,900 --> 00:32:46,900
Continue, please.

414
00:32:46,900 --> 00:32:49,900
435 volts.

415
00:32:49,900 --> 00:32:54,900
Next one, brave. Woman, soldier, dog, horse.

416
00:32:55,900 --> 00:32:59,900
Answer is woman. 450 volts.

417
00:33:00,900 --> 00:33:01,900
That's it.

418
00:33:01,900 --> 00:33:03,900
Now continue using the last switch on the board, please.

419
00:33:03,900 --> 00:33:06,900
The 450 switch for each wrong answer. Continue, please.

420
00:33:06,900 --> 00:33:08,900
I'm not getting no answer.

421
00:33:08,900 --> 00:33:10,900
Please continue. The next word is white.

422
00:33:11,900 --> 00:33:13,900
Don't you think you should look in on them, please?

423
00:33:13,900 --> 00:33:14,900
Not once we've started the experiment.

424
00:33:14,900 --> 00:33:17,900
But what if something's happened to them and they had an attack or something there?

425
00:33:17,900 --> 00:33:20,900
The experiment requires that we continue. Go on, please.

426
00:33:20,900 --> 00:33:22,900
Don't the man's health mean anything?

427
00:33:22,900 --> 00:33:24,900
Whether the learner likes it or not, we must...

428
00:33:24,900 --> 00:33:26,900
But he might be dead in there.

429
00:33:27,900 --> 00:33:29,900
I mean, some people can't take this shock, sir.

430
00:33:29,900 --> 00:33:30,900
Please continue.

431
00:33:30,900 --> 00:33:33,900
I mean, I don't intend to be rude, but I mean, I think you should look in on them.

432
00:33:34,900 --> 00:33:36,900
I mean, all you gotta do is look in the door.

433
00:33:36,900 --> 00:33:38,900
I don't get no answer, no noise.

434
00:33:38,900 --> 00:33:41,900
Something I think has happened to the gentleman in there, sir.

435
00:33:41,900 --> 00:33:43,900
We must continue. Go on, please.

436
00:33:43,900 --> 00:33:47,900
You're gonna keep giving, what, 450 volts every shot now?

437
00:33:47,900 --> 00:33:49,900
That's correct. Continue.

438
00:33:49,900 --> 00:33:51,900
The next word is white.

439
00:33:52,900 --> 00:33:56,900
White, cloud, horse, rock, house.

440
00:33:57,900 --> 00:33:59,900
Answer, please.

441
00:34:02,900 --> 00:34:05,900
The answer is horse, 450 volts.

442
00:34:05,900 --> 00:34:12,900
Next word, sad, face, music, clown, girl.

443
00:34:16,900 --> 00:34:19,900
The answer is face, 450 volts.

444
00:34:22,900 --> 00:34:26,900
Next one is short, sentence, movie, spurt, time.

445
00:34:26,900 --> 00:34:29,900
All right, excuse me, teacher. We'll have to discontinue the experiment.

446
00:34:29,900 --> 00:34:32,900
I'd like to ask you a few questions, if I may.

447
00:34:33,900 --> 00:34:35,900
I'd like to ask you, how do you feel, by the way?

448
00:34:36,900 --> 00:34:38,900
I feel all right, but I don't like what's happened.

449
00:34:38,900 --> 00:34:39,900
That I fall in there.

450
00:34:39,900 --> 00:34:41,900
He's been howling, and we had to keep giving him shocks.

451
00:34:41,900 --> 00:34:42,900
I didn't like that one bit.

452
00:34:43,900 --> 00:34:45,900
I mean, he wanted to get out, and he just kept going.

453
00:34:45,900 --> 00:34:47,900
Kept throwing 450 volts. I didn't like that.

454
00:34:47,900 --> 00:34:49,900
He wouldn't even look at him that gentleman.

455
00:34:50,900 --> 00:34:51,900
Well, who was actually pushing the swish?

456
00:34:51,900 --> 00:34:52,900
I was.

457
00:34:53,900 --> 00:34:54,900
But he kept insisting.

458
00:34:54,900 --> 00:34:56,900
I told him no, but he said, you gotta keep going.

459
00:34:56,900 --> 00:35:01,900
I told him it's time we stopped when we got up to 195, 210 volts.

460
00:35:04,900 --> 00:35:05,900
But why didn't you just stop?

461
00:35:05,900 --> 00:35:07,900
He wouldn't let me. I wanted to stop.

462
00:35:08,900 --> 00:35:10,900
I kept insisting to stop, but he says no.

463
00:35:12,900 --> 00:35:14,900
I told him to look in on the fellow there, but he wouldn't do it.

464
00:35:15,900 --> 00:35:16,900
Right, right.

465
00:35:16,900 --> 00:35:19,900
Actually, the shocks are not dangerous at all.

466
00:35:19,900 --> 00:35:21,900
Well, I mean, I didn't hear no more answers from the fellow.

467
00:35:21,900 --> 00:35:24,900
I figured he should be looked in on anyway, but he wouldn't do it.

468
00:35:24,900 --> 00:35:25,900
Well, let me ask you something.

469
00:35:25,900 --> 00:35:31,900
Is there anything that Mr. Wallace in there could have said that would have gotten you to stop?

470
00:35:33,900 --> 00:35:34,900
Well, no, I didn't hear you.

471
00:35:34,900 --> 00:35:38,900
The only thing I heard is the shock wasn't too bad.

472
00:35:39,900 --> 00:35:43,900
Well, is there anything that Mr. Wallace could have said that would have gotten you to stop?

473
00:35:43,900 --> 00:35:48,900
Something that he said that would have gotten me to stop?

474
00:35:48,900 --> 00:35:49,900
Yeah.

475
00:35:50,900 --> 00:35:51,900
No.

476
00:35:54,900 --> 00:35:55,900
Why is that?

477
00:35:56,900 --> 00:35:59,900
He didn't say anything about making me stop.

478
00:35:59,900 --> 00:36:08,900
No, but is there anything that Mr. Wallace could have said that would have caused you to stop giving the shocks, no matter what the experimenter had told you?

479
00:36:09,900 --> 00:36:18,900
Well, I figured 200 of the voltage were given were quite a bit. I wanted to stop, but he kept insisting not to stop.

480
00:36:19,900 --> 00:36:24,900
I mean, the fellow in there is hollering. He says, I don't want to do it. I want to get out of here. I want to get out of here.

481
00:36:24,900 --> 00:36:25,900
Why didn't you stop anyway?

482
00:36:25,900 --> 00:36:26,900
Why didn't you stop anyway?

483
00:36:26,900 --> 00:36:29,900
I did stop, but he kept going and keep going.

484
00:36:30,900 --> 00:36:32,900
Well, why didn't you just disregard what he said?

485
00:36:33,900 --> 00:36:35,900
He says it's got to go on the experiment.

486
00:36:36,900 --> 00:36:39,900
Okay. I'd like to tell you a little about the experiment.

487
00:36:41,900 --> 00:36:42,900
Do you feel a little upset or...?

488
00:36:43,900 --> 00:36:46,900
Well, I mean, I feel concerned about the gentleman in there. I do, sir.

489
00:36:47,900 --> 00:36:52,900
Okay. Let me tell you, first of all, that this is not essentially an experiment in memory and learning.

490
00:36:52,900 --> 00:36:57,900
It's an experiment in which we are looking at your reaction to taking orders.

491
00:36:58,900 --> 00:37:02,900
And Mr. Williams gave you those orders to go on according to schedule.

492
00:37:03,900 --> 00:37:06,900
The gentleman in there was not actually getting shocked.

493
00:37:07,900 --> 00:37:09,900
He was not getting shocked at all.

494
00:37:10,900 --> 00:37:11,900
You mean he wasn't getting nothing?

495
00:37:12,900 --> 00:37:13,900
He is part of the act.

496
00:37:14,900 --> 00:37:16,900
Well, I'm glad to hear that. I'm telling you. I mean, I was getting upset here.

497
00:37:17,900 --> 00:37:18,900
I mean, I was getting ready to walk out.

498
00:37:20,900 --> 00:37:21,900
Well, I'm glad to hear that.

499
00:37:22,900 --> 00:37:25,900
He wasn't getting shocked, really, and he's in one piece.

500
00:37:26,900 --> 00:37:30,900
And this was set up so that we could see how you would react to taking orders.

501
00:37:30,900 --> 00:37:32,900
Now, you seem quite reluctant to go on.

502
00:37:32,900 --> 00:37:34,900
In fact, on several occasions, you said you didn't want to go on.

503
00:37:35,900 --> 00:37:37,900
Well, I was concerned about the other party, sir.

504
00:37:38,900 --> 00:37:40,900
Some people actually go on quite gleefully.

505
00:37:42,900 --> 00:37:43,900
No matter what?

506
00:37:44,900 --> 00:37:45,900
No matter what.

507
00:37:45,900 --> 00:37:52,900
I mean, maybe in other instances where human life wasn't involved or a person doesn't suffer, maybe I keep going on.

508
00:37:53,900 --> 00:37:55,900
But I mean, I couldn't see the point. I don't want a guy to suffer there.

509
00:37:55,900 --> 00:37:56,900
I figured he was having a heart attack or something.

510
00:37:57,900 --> 00:37:58,900
That's the reason I wanted to stop him.

511
00:37:59,900 --> 00:38:00,900
Right.

512
00:38:00,900 --> 00:38:09,900
Well, you know that in a hospital situation, if you work for a doctor as an orderly, and he told you to give a hypodermic to a patient, even though the patient protested, well, you might have to do it.

513
00:38:10,900 --> 00:38:16,900
Well, that's true, sir. If I understood, oh, I don't know, maybe more of what the treatment was he was getting there, maybe I would go on.

514
00:38:16,900 --> 00:38:18,900
But I mean, the way he was howling, I thought he was in agony.

515
00:38:19,900 --> 00:38:20,900
Yeah.

516
00:38:20,900 --> 00:38:25,900
I mean, then I think it's for somebody that knows a little more about this machine and stuff to say whether to go or not.

517
00:38:26,900 --> 00:38:28,900
And that's why I asked a gentleman there, should I keep going?

518
00:38:29,900 --> 00:38:36,900
Why don't we bring in Mr. Wallace? He's actually an employee of the project. You'll see he's in one piece. Jim?

519
00:38:37,900 --> 00:38:41,900
God bless you, boy. You have me shaking in here.

520
00:38:42,900 --> 00:38:43,900
Nice to see you.

521
00:38:43,900 --> 00:38:44,900
Say, man. Do you feel better now?

522
00:38:44,900 --> 00:38:45,900
I sure as heck do.

523
00:38:45,900 --> 00:38:46,900
That's true.

524
00:38:46,900 --> 00:38:47,900
I thought you just about had it in there.

525
00:38:47,900 --> 00:38:48,900
That's good.

526
00:38:48,900 --> 00:38:54,900
Well, let me ask you something. Now that you know about the experiment, that he wasn't hurt, how do you feel about having been hurt?

527
00:38:55,900 --> 00:39:01,900
Well, tell you the honest truth, I thought, well, I was thinking he was getting them shocks, I thought it was being overdone.

528
00:39:02,900 --> 00:39:04,900
I mean, I was just about ready to get out of here.

529
00:39:04,900 --> 00:39:05,900
Good fellow, though. You're a good fellow.

530
00:39:05,900 --> 00:39:12,900
I mean, I was concerned about you. I mean, I should have known better. I mean, he wouldn't take any chance with the human life here, not with these experiments.

531
00:39:13,900 --> 00:39:19,900
Many people not knowing much about the experiment claim that subjects who go to the end of the board are sadistic.

532
00:39:19,900 --> 00:39:26,900
Nothing could be more foolish as an overall characterization of these persons. The context of their action must always be considered.

533
00:39:26,900 --> 00:39:32,900
The individual upon entering the laboratory becomes integrated into a situation that carries its own momentum.

534
00:39:32,900 --> 00:39:38,900
In further experiments, we've attempted to analyze a few of the factors that contribute to the force of the situation.

535
00:39:39,900 --> 00:39:44,900
The salience of the victim seems in some degree to have regulated the subject's performance.

536
00:39:44,900 --> 00:39:48,900
Additional experimental conditions were designed to explore this possibility.

537
00:39:48,900 --> 00:39:57,900
In a first condition, the victim was placed in another room and could not be heard or seen by the subject, except that at 300 volts, he pounded on the wall in protest.

538
00:39:57,900 --> 00:40:00,900
After 300 volts, he no longer answered or was heard from.

539
00:40:00,900 --> 00:40:04,900
In a second condition, the victim's protest could be heard through the walls of the laboratory.

540
00:40:04,900 --> 00:40:07,900
This condition was depicted in the present film.

541
00:40:07,900 --> 00:40:17,900
In a third condition, the victim was placed in the same room as the subject and one and a half feet from him, thus visible, as well as audible and voice cues were provided.

542
00:40:17,900 --> 00:40:22,900
The final condition of the series was identical to this, with this exception.

543
00:40:22,900 --> 00:40:26,900
The victim only received a shock when his hand rested on a shock plate.

544
00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:32,900
At the 150 volt level, the victim demanded to be let free and refused to place his hand on the shock plate.

545
00:40:32,900 --> 00:40:36,900
The experimenter ordered the subject to force the victim's hand onto the plate.

546
00:40:36,900 --> 00:40:44,900
Thus, obedience in this condition required that the subject have physical contact with the victim in order to give him punishment beyond the 150 volt level.

547
00:40:44,900 --> 00:40:47,900
Forty adult subjects were studied in each condition.

548
00:40:47,900 --> 00:40:54,900
The data revealed that obedience was significantly reduced as the victim was made more immediate to the subject.

549
00:40:54,900 --> 00:41:04,900
If the spatial relationship of the subject and victim is relevant to the degree of obedience, the relationship of subject to experimenter would also seem to play a part.

550
00:41:04,900 --> 00:41:09,900
In a series of experiments, we varied the physical closeness and degree of surveillance of the experimenter.

551
00:41:09,900 --> 00:41:13,900
In one condition, the experimenter sat just a few feet away from the subject.

552
00:41:13,900 --> 00:41:19,900
In a second condition, after giving initial instructions, the experimenter left the laboratory and gave his orders by telephone.

553
00:41:19,900 --> 00:41:28,900
In still a third condition, the experimenter was never seen, providing instructions by means of a tape recording activated when subjects entered the laboratory.

554
00:41:28,900 --> 00:41:33,900
Obedience dropped sharply as the experimenter was physically removed from the laboratory.

555
00:41:33,900 --> 00:41:41,900
The number of obedient subjects when the experimenter was present was almost three times as great as when the experimenter gave his orders by telephone.

556
00:41:41,900 --> 00:41:51,900
It would appear that something akin to fields of force, diminishing in effectiveness with increasing psychological distance from their source, have a controlling effect on the subject's performance.

557
00:41:51,900 --> 00:42:00,900
The effectiveness of the experimenter's commands may depend in an important way on the larger institutional context in which they are issued.

558
00:42:00,900 --> 00:42:08,900
The experiments described thus far were conducted at Yale University, an organization which most subjects regarded with respect and sometimes awe.

559
00:42:08,900 --> 00:42:20,900
To explore the problem, we moved our apparatus to a somewhat rundown office building in industrial Bridgeport, and we replicated experimental conditions there without any visible tie to the university.

560
00:42:20,900 --> 00:42:27,900
The level of obedience in Bridgeport, although somewhat reduced, was not significantly lower than that obtained at Yale.

561
00:42:27,900 --> 00:42:40,900
A considerable amount of obedience and defiance in everyday life occurs in connection with groups, and we had reason to feel, in the light of many group studies already done in psychology, that group forces would have a profound effect on reactions to authority.

562
00:42:40,900 --> 00:42:44,900
A series of experiments was run to examine these effects.

563
00:42:44,900 --> 00:42:53,900
In all cases, only one naive subject was studied each hour, but he performed in the midst of actors who, unknown to him, were employed by the experimenter.

564
00:42:53,900 --> 00:42:57,900
In one experiment, the actors broke off in the middle of the experiment.

565
00:42:57,900 --> 00:43:01,900
When this happened, 90% of the subjects followed suit and defied the experimenter.

566
00:43:01,900 --> 00:43:05,900
In another condition, the actors followed the orders obediently.

567
00:43:05,900 --> 00:43:08,900
This strengthened the experimenter's power only slightly.

568
00:43:08,900 --> 00:43:17,900
In still a third experiment, the job of pushing the switch to shock the learner was given to one of the actors while the naive subject performed a subsidiary act.

569
00:43:17,900 --> 00:43:22,900
In this situation, only three subjects out of 40 broke off.

570
00:43:22,900 --> 00:43:26,900
The results, as I observe them in the laboratory, are disturbing.

571
00:43:26,900 --> 00:43:35,900
They raise the possibility that human nature cannot be counted on to insulate men from brutality and inhumane treatment at the direction of malevolent authority.

572
00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:47,900
A substantial proportion of people do what they are told to do, irrespective of the content of the act and without limitations of conscience, so long as they perceive that the command comes from a legitimate authority.

573
00:43:47,900 --> 00:44:06,900
If, in this study, an anonymous experimenter could successfully command adults to subdue a 50-year-old man and force on him painful electric shocks against his protests, one can only wonder what government, with its vastly greater authority and prestige, can command of its subjects.

574
00:44:06,900 --> 00:44:07,900
Thank you.

575
00:44:07,900 --> 00:44:08,900
Thank you.

576
00:44:08,900 --> 00:44:09,900
Thank you.

577
00:44:09,900 --> 00:44:23,900
Thank you.