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[Music]

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in 1902 French filmmakers George Melies

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created a visionary film that seemed to

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in many ways anticipating the Apollo

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missions to the moon of the 1960s

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malleus movie was of course just one

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fantasy and the Apollo missions

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they really or were they just a modern and

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more refined version of the same

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fantasy the story of the Apollo missions

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started in 1961 when President Kennedy

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announced to the world that the

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The United States planned to land a man

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the moon before the end of the decade or

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before 1970 this caused quite a stir

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until that point, the United States had

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only an astronaut can launch

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Alan Shepard in a short sub-orbital

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flight of only 15 minutes never have

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even sent a man into orbit

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the goal of reaching the moon in less

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than nine years

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sounded like a far-fetched idea to say

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the least, but it's at that point

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according to the official story that

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the United States initiated a

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powerful technological machine that

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would actually enable them to do the

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target set by Kennedy a few months

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before the end of the decade in July

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1969 Those Who Don't Believe We

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went to the moon, kept that up instead

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the United States has started doing this

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giant undertaking, but they achieved one

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point around 1967 in which they realized

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they could not conquer everything

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obstacles of such an ambitious

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project and at that time the only one

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option left was to pretend to go to the

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moon if they couldn't give in to the

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whole world that they were not capable of

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reach their target the United States

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would have chosen to fake the missions

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by using all the simulation systems they have

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already in place, which allowed them

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to recreate an entire lunar mission

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from beginning to end

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for the people watching at home it would be

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have made no difference

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now let's see in more detail what

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happened during the historic decade of

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the Luna missions

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history books tell us that in the 1960s

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the so-called

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race to the moon took place where it refers

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the competition between the United

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States and the Soviet Union about whom

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could be the first to reach the moon if we had a

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look at the events, but us

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will realize that it is actually one

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one-sided race with no real opponent

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it was only the Americans who really

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tried not to be so much driven by until the end

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competition with the Soviets

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rather by the monstrous propaganda

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machine they had set up themselves

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movement at the beginning of the decade

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officially the so-called race to the

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moon started on April 12, 1961 when the

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The Soviets succeeded

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first man Yuri Gagarin it was

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then President Kennedy asked Vice

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President Johnson to review what the

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real possibilities were for United

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States to smash the Russians into space

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this is where a very important figure

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comes into view

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NASA Administrator James E Webb Johnson

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consulted with Webb and a few days later

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returned to Kennedy with an answer below

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the options considered were one

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to send a man to the moon for two weeks

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later President Kennedy delivered the

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next speech to Congress

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now it's time to take the longest rise time

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for a great new American Enterprise era

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for this nation to take plain

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leading role in the achievement of space travel

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I therefore ask Congress above and

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beyond the elevations I had before

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requested for space activities

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provide the necessary funds

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achieve the following national goals first

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I believe this nation needs to commit

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yourself to achieve this goal

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decade has passed to land a man on the

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moon and bring him safely back to the

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earth from then on

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NASA Administrator James Webb

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all his energy behind the Luna project

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from NASA's historical archives we read

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Webb who had endorsed the Apollo program

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Kennedy had now set his priorities

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on the manned moon landing and he

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reorganized the space agency accordingly

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an excellent mediator succeeded Webb

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gather the support of prominent people

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political figures such as Senator Kara

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from Oklahoma from the NASA archives

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beerain care told his congress

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colleagues that Webb was excited

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about the program and that as Jim Webb

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says we can land a man on the moon and

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bring him home safely then you can

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done this approval concludes the

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document caused a lot of politics

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support for the Luna project behind the

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scenes but Kennedy remains skeptical

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on such a monumental task

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18 september 1963 Kennedy ontbood Webb

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in the White House to voice his doubts

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about the Luna project thanks to a

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recently released recording we can

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listen to the real conversation

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between the two men

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[Music]

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[Music]

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just two days later in front of the

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Kennedy of the United Nations made another one

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attempt to involve the Soviets

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together to the moon finally in a field

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where the United States and the Soviet

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Union have a special capacity in the

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area of ​​space there is room for new

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cooperation for further joint efforts

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the regulation and exploration of space

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I included under this possibility one

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joint expedition to the moon Chris

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Geoff's answer was not long in coming

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but it certainly wasn't encouraging

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month later during a meeting with the

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Foreign Press, the Kremlin chief

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stated at the moment we do not

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schedule flights of cosmonauts to the moon I

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read a report that the Americans

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to land on the moon by 1970

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let's wish them luck and we will

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see how they fly there and how they will fly

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land there or to be more correct moon

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there and most importantly how they will

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get up and come back, we don't want that

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compete and send people to the moon

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without Torah preparation at that time

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Kennedy realized that the die had been cast

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and that the United States should

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go it alone

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it's pet we have no choice but to follow

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it the day after in Dallas John Kennedy

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was killed, but at that time the Luna

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program was launched and successful

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directly into the hands of the new one

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President Lyndon Johnson

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meanwhile the Soviets were silent

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tried to develop a Luna program and was

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secretly train their cosmonauts for it

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it but their program ended abruptly

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a number of different reasons the first

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was Sergey's unexpected death

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Korolyov the father of Russian space

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program during routine operations

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Karayev died in January 1966

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the only figure with authority and

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vision to galvanize the underlying system

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the goal of defeating the Americans

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gone was the man who had launched the first

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satellite Sputnik that placed the first

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man in a job Gagarin the man who had

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invented the whole Soviet space

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program was gone without one

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successor and no one was able

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to replace him at that time led to this

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to a series of internal divisions at the

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top of the Russian space agency that

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resulted in a dramatic streak

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disasters for heavy missiles of the new

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and one designed to reach the moon

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exploded during ground testing

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was the end of the Soviet Luna program

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as described by Roald Sagdeyev de

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former director of the Russian Space

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Agency very few people remember that in

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parallel to this American Apollo program

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Soviets tried to help theirs

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but this soviet program of its own kind

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of counterpart to the American Apollo it

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failed it failed because of the big one

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rock rocket Russian counterpart of

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saturn v even exploded several times

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without getting a chance to take off

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the launch site in the meantime the

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situation in the United States

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changing fast this evening i came

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here to talk to you about Vietnam, I do

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I don't have to tell you that our people are

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deeply concerned about that struggle

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The Vietnam War now completely occupied the country

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ghosts of the Americans in Girja

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an increasing share of the

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national budget at the same time the

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the cost of the Apollo program rose

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out of hand as this documentary of

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time explains the cost of the Luna

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project had risen above all

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expectations still for a single rocket

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was lifted off the ground the state is one

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manufacturing and testing of Apollo

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hardware was such that the program had

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reached and passed its peak

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for a single man de Paulo mission

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was launched, the program itself began

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going bankrupt in the fall of 1965

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General Samuel C Phillips director of

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the lunar landing program presented NASA

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executives with a report that revealed in

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no mild terms the state of confusion and

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shortcomings suffered by the Apollo

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program in particular Phillips pointed out

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his finger on the command module and the

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second stage of the Saturn rocket

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was outsourced to the aerospace industry

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business North America after four and one

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half a year and a little over a year

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before the first flight Philips wrote there

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are still significant technical issues

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and unknowns that affect this phase

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technical problems with electric current

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capacity service propulsion structural

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integrity weight gain etc still needs to be done

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delayed and compromised

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ground and qualification test programs

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give us serious concerns that completely

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qualified escape vehicles will not be

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available to support the moon landing

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program lacks confidence

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Phillips concluded that North American

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will meet its schedule and performance

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commitments within available resources

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for this part of the Apollo program

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in this recorded conversation with

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President Johnson

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NASA Administrator Webb can be heard

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complain about lack of money

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necessary to contain the Apollo program

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good planning, i mean, these people have

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I have to put men there and it's terrible

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it is terribly difficult to go to North America

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and say we're going to cut you 130

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million under your own estimate of doing so

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the work and demand more work 430

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million less and you have to find one

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way to do it instead of being solved

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the problems denounced by Philips were maintained

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pile up sending the charge count to a

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seemingly endless spiral a fuel tank

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of the command module exploded during

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a test of the environmental control system

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from the command module did not work and

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had to be completely redesigned

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second stage of the Saturn rocket

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exploded once in 1965 and then again

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1966 significant program delay

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yourself

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cracks were found in the structure

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of the rocket and in the fuel tanks

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The design of the lunar module also progressed

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between continuous problems and consistent

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delays they find hundreds of problems

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things that weren't built well weren't

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installed right or electrical wires that

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are frayed possibly broken and most

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alarming that there are fuel leaks

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everywhere in the system this takes us

283
00:14:21,680 --> 00:14:25,220
until 1967, the year of the crisis

284
00:14:25,220 --> 00:14:27,050
January of that year

285
00:14:27,050 --> 00:14:28,910
Thomas Barrett a North American

286
00:14:28,910 --> 00:14:30,950
inspector in charge of security

287
00:14:30,950 --> 00:14:33,700
verifications presented a 50-page report

288
00:14:33,700 --> 00:14:36,470
revealing that the issues were denounced by

289
00:14:36,470 --> 00:14:39,170
Phillips was anything but resolved

290
00:14:39,170 --> 00:14:41,930
one of the most prominent issues

291
00:14:41,930 --> 00:14:44,540
enlisted problems with human parts

292
00:14:44,540 --> 00:14:47,480
equipment and procedures

293
00:14:47,480 --> 00:14:50,180
poor safety practices and the accidents

294
00:14:50,180 --> 00:14:52,910
they caused Baron in particular

295
00:14:52,910 --> 00:14:55,280
denounced a lack of coordination between

296
00:14:55,280 --> 00:14:58,280
people in responsible positions a lack

297
00:14:58,280 --> 00:15:00,770
communication between almost everyone

298
00:15:00,770 --> 00:15:03,230
the fact that people are responsible

299
00:15:03,230 --> 00:15:05,300
positions didn't take much of the

300
00:15:05,300 --> 00:15:08,690
problems seriously Baron then added we

301
00:15:08,690 --> 00:15:10,820
may the safety of the

302
00:15:10,820 --> 00:15:13,130
astronauts only for the benefit of one

303
00:15:13,130 --> 00:15:16,250
schedule as to confirm barons

304
00:15:16,250 --> 00:15:19,340
premonitions On January 20 the rocket

305
00:15:19,340 --> 00:15:21,410
that had to take the first man

306
00:15:21,410 --> 00:15:23,810
flight into orbit exploded during the

307
00:15:23,810 --> 00:15:26,810
test phase and then seven days later

308
00:15:26,810 --> 00:15:29,780
tragedy struck during a ground

309
00:15:29,780 --> 00:15:32,750
simulation of Apollo 1 the first second

310
00:15:32,750 --> 00:15:35,000
mission with men aboard the three

311
00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:37,430
astronauts virgil grissom ed white en

312
00:15:37,430 --> 00:15:40,130
Roger Chaffee died on the launch pad

313
00:15:40,130 --> 00:15:42,950
burned alive in the capsule that was

314
00:15:42,950 --> 00:15:44,960
supposed to take them to space three

315
00:15:44,960 --> 00:15:47,780
weeks later, just before his

316
00:15:47,780 --> 00:15:49,790
Grissom had complained about the death

317
00:15:49,790 --> 00:15:51,560
breakdown of communication

318
00:15:51,560 --> 00:15:53,600
between the capsule and the control

319
00:15:53,600 --> 00:15:55,930
tower

320
00:15:57,560 --> 00:16:09,180
[Applause]

321
00:16:09,180 --> 00:16:13,690
it was his last words for a few seconds

322
00:16:13,690 --> 00:16:16,180
later a fire engulfed the interior of

323
00:16:16,180 --> 00:16:17,980
the cabin with which pressure was applied

324
00:16:17,980 --> 00:16:20,650
pure oxygen falls out first

325
00:16:20,650 --> 00:16:23,490
fire was white

326
00:16:23,700 --> 00:16:26,320
then the desperate cry came out

327
00:16:26,320 --> 00:16:34,480
chapter than nothing else in a few

328
00:16:34,480 --> 00:16:38,050
seconds it was all over the Apollo

329
00:16:38,050 --> 00:16:40,570
program was even suspended indefinitely

330
00:16:40,570 --> 00:16:42,310
before there had been a single capsule

331
00:16:42,310 --> 00:16:44,680
launched into space the technical

332
00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:46,480
committee charged with discovering the

333
00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:48,400
cause of the fire was entrusted

334
00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:51,550
astronaut Frank Borman at the end of the

335
00:16:51,550 --> 00:16:53,620
investigation concluded that the

336
00:16:53,620 --> 00:16:55,660
The Apollo capsule had to be redesigned

337
00:16:55,660 --> 00:16:58,360
from top to bottom this added one more

338
00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:00,340
year delay to the already tight

339
00:17:00,340 --> 00:17:01,660
program schedule

340
00:17:01,660 --> 00:17:04,480
at that time many felt that the Apollo

341
00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:07,119
program was over before it started

342
00:17:07,119 --> 00:17:09,220
that was quite a shock that i always had to

343
00:17:09,220 --> 00:17:11,380
pull to the side of the road catch

344
00:17:11,380 --> 00:17:13,810
my breath because i thought well this is

345
00:17:13,810 --> 00:17:16,420
this is the end of our future

346
00:17:16,420 --> 00:17:19,839
program just started spinning and spinning

347
00:17:19,839 --> 00:17:22,119
churn and churn as the months go by

348
00:17:22,119 --> 00:17:24,880
quickly became the deadline of 1969

349
00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:28,690
getting closer in March 1967

350
00:17:28,690 --> 00:17:31,420
NASA Administrator James Webb testified

351
00:17:31,420 --> 00:17:32,890
for the House Committee

352
00:17:32,890 --> 00:17:35,650
science and aerospace this was a very

353
00:17:35,650 --> 00:17:37,570
other person than the one who had

354
00:17:37,570 --> 00:17:39,490
enthusiastically supported chairman

355
00:17:39,490 --> 00:17:42,610
Kennedy's project six years earlier

356
00:17:42,610 --> 00:17:45,430
my own judgment stated Webb is that if

357
00:17:45,430 --> 00:17:48,520
we get this done by the end of 1969 we

358
00:17:48,520 --> 00:17:50,530
will be very lucky the

359
00:17:50,530 --> 00:17:51,970
ability to do all the work

360
00:17:51,970 --> 00:17:54,280
needed this year less than it was

361
00:17:54,280 --> 00:17:57,490
last and I have testified to this table last

362
00:17:57,490 --> 00:17:59,860
year when it was less

363
00:17:59,860 --> 00:18:02,710
it had been in others last year

364
00:18:02,710 --> 00:18:04,750
words according to the director of NASA

365
00:18:04,750 --> 00:18:07,000
the closer they got to him

366
00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:08,280
the end of the decade

367
00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:09,930
the more the dream to reach the moon

368
00:18:09,930 --> 00:18:14,370
slipped away and a year later

369
00:18:14,370 --> 00:18:16,800
these statements the same James Webb

370
00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:19,830
suddenly NASA stopped the man who had

371
00:18:19,830 --> 00:18:21,780
inspired Kennedy from the start

372
00:18:21,780 --> 00:18:23,910
the man who personally rewarded the

373
00:18:23,910 --> 00:18:25,740
astronauts on their return from the

374
00:18:25,740 --> 00:18:27,720
first circles the man who had done it

375
00:18:27,720 --> 00:18:29,790
everything possible to allocate the

376
00:18:29,790 --> 00:18:32,490
money to inexplicably go to the moon

377
00:18:32,490 --> 00:18:35,220
left the project of his life one step

378
00:18:35,220 --> 00:18:38,510
away from realization on October 7

379
00:18:38,510 --> 00:18:41,970
1968 less than three months before the

380
00:18:41,970 --> 00:18:44,250
historic Apollo 8 mission around the

381
00:18:44,250 --> 00:18:47,160
moon James Webb retired from NASA and

382
00:18:47,160 --> 00:18:51,780
returned to private life NASA's deputy

383
00:18:51,780 --> 00:18:54,210
director Robert Seaman's also had

384
00:18:54,210 --> 00:18:56,850
inexplicably resigned in January from the

385
00:18:56,850 --> 00:19:00,090
the same year the Washington Post asked about it

386
00:19:00,090 --> 00:19:00,390
it

387
00:19:00,390 --> 00:19:01,980
there must be a reason why you are

388
00:19:01,980 --> 00:19:04,110
go away now, why don't you stay till you

389
00:19:04,110 --> 00:19:06,510
to the moon sailor replied sternly

390
00:19:06,510 --> 00:19:09,450
Look, I was here seven years ago

391
00:19:09,450 --> 00:19:12,540
only meant to stay - but it's obvious

392
00:19:12,540 --> 00:19:14,340
that must have had his resignation

393
00:19:14,340 --> 00:19:15,900
something to do with a catastrophe

394
00:19:15,900 --> 00:19:18,210
situation in which the Apollo program

395
00:19:18,210 --> 00:19:22,320
may have even been at that point

396
00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:24,450
more surprising was the resignation of

397
00:19:24,450 --> 00:19:25,890
astronaut Walt Ashura

398
00:19:25,890 --> 00:19:28,320
which came just four days after James

399
00:19:28,320 --> 00:19:31,170
Webb's firing shitta was one of the

400
00:19:31,170 --> 00:19:33,630
legendary mercury seven the original

401
00:19:33,630 --> 00:19:35,520
group of astronauts flying the

402
00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:38,550
whole space program back in the 50's huh

403
00:19:38,550 --> 00:19:40,710
had already flown on both the mercury

404
00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:43,500
project and the Gemini project and given

405
00:19:43,500 --> 00:19:45,570
his long experience certainly owed him

406
00:19:45,570 --> 00:19:46,860
to be sent to the moon on the Apollo

407
00:19:46,860 --> 00:19:50,160
program at a given moment still inexplicable

408
00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:52,620
just a few months before the first moon

409
00:19:52,620 --> 00:19:55,050
Missions Sheera gave up on the possibility

410
00:19:55,050 --> 00:19:57,180
crown his life triumphantly

411
00:19:57,180 --> 00:20:00,660
career and chose to retire instead why

412
00:20:00,660 --> 00:20:02,910
these people who had committed the best

413
00:20:02,910 --> 00:20:04,620
part of their professional lives

414
00:20:04,620 --> 00:20:06,780
space program chose to simply step down

415
00:20:06,780 --> 00:20:08,910
months before the final achievement is one

416
00:20:08,910 --> 00:20:11,650
question that still needs to be answered

417
00:20:11,650 --> 00:20:15,370
in fact after the Apollo 1 fired on many

418
00:20:15,370 --> 00:20:17,170
NASA wondered if they should just do that

419
00:20:17,170 --> 00:20:19,690
completely stop, but they realized that they

420
00:20:19,690 --> 00:20:21,400
could not withdraw from the race

421
00:20:21,400 --> 00:20:23,410
for they were held hostage by the very

422
00:20:23,410 --> 00:20:25,390
challenge they had put on the world

423
00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:27,880
few years before this sentiment was good

424
00:20:27,880 --> 00:20:30,250
summarized by Chris Kraft the first

425
00:20:30,250 --> 00:20:32,410
Houston Space Center director after the

426
00:20:32,410 --> 00:20:34,210
fire I don't think we would have

427
00:20:34,210 --> 00:20:36,580
continued if we had not made the commitment

428
00:20:36,580 --> 00:20:38,740
the country made the commitment and she

429
00:20:38,740 --> 00:20:41,100
would have looked like a couple [ __ ]

430
00:20:41,100 --> 00:20:44,140
if they hadn't passed into the eyes

431
00:20:44,140 --> 00:20:46,210
of the world and in their competitive

432
00:20:46,210 --> 00:20:48,610
position with the Cold War

433
00:20:48,610 --> 00:20:50,620
point according to the alternative

434
00:20:50,620 --> 00:20:53,320
theory decided by the heads of NASA

435
00:20:53,320 --> 00:20:55,390
stage in a studio what they would have

436
00:20:55,390 --> 00:20:58,150
been unable to actually do the

437
00:20:58,150 --> 00:21:01,230
lunar landings of the Apollo missions

438
00:21:01,230 --> 00:21:04,179
after all, NASA had by then

439
00:21:04,179 --> 00:21:06,130
developed all the technology needed for this

440
00:21:06,130 --> 00:21:08,110
simulate a complete mission to the moon

441
00:21:08,110 --> 00:21:10,000
and back without ever having to leave

442
00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:13,179
the earth as we will all see them later

443
00:21:13,179 --> 00:21:14,920
should have done was use the

444
00:21:14,920 --> 00:21:17,170
images produced by the simulators

445
00:21:17,170 --> 00:21:19,330
pretend they had really landed

446
00:21:19,330 --> 00:21:23,830
the moon there was another reason why

447
00:21:23,830 --> 00:21:25,210
the United States could no longer

448
00:21:25,210 --> 00:21:27,370
withdraw from their commitment to go to

449
00:21:27,370 --> 00:21:28,120
the moon

450
00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:30,760
it was domestic public opinion that

451
00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:32,830
was galvanized by a decade of

452
00:21:32,830 --> 00:21:34,900
ruthless propaganda in which the

453
00:21:34,900 --> 00:21:36,880
conquest of the moon was sold to

454
00:21:36,880 --> 00:21:38,620
the audience likes something menacing and

455
00:21:38,620 --> 00:21:41,230
determined these clips from the propaganda

456
00:21:41,230 --> 00:21:43,210
movies from that time help us to understand

457
00:21:43,210 --> 00:21:45,429
the spirit of the hero somewhere in the

458
00:21:45,429 --> 00:21:47,830
future American astronauts will explore

459
00:21:47,830 --> 00:21:50,890
the moon this is the first of the great

460
00:21:50,890 --> 00:21:54,010
Saturn 5 will one day carry three men

461
00:21:54,010 --> 00:21:56,470
and equipment to the moon and back in one

462
00:21:56,470 --> 00:21:58,900
few short years this scene of man on the

463
00:21:58,900 --> 00:22:01,120
moon will be a reality this is the

464
00:22:01,120 --> 00:22:03,730
Apollo command module on the spacecraft

465
00:22:03,730 --> 00:22:05,920
like this will one day carry astronauts

466
00:22:05,920 --> 00:22:08,000
to the moon and back

467
00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:10,730
this is the lunar module a similar craft

468
00:22:10,730 --> 00:22:12,740
will one day seat two astronauts

469
00:22:12,740 --> 00:22:14,360
gently down on the surface of the moon

470
00:22:14,360 --> 00:22:17,060
Kennedy Space Center a reality in the

471
00:22:17,060 --> 00:22:20,800
preparation for manned moon landings

472
00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:24,560
the press had also done more

473
00:22:24,560 --> 00:22:26,990
and magazines appeared more frequently

474
00:22:26,990 --> 00:22:29,570
articles in which modern man is projected

475
00:22:29,570 --> 00:22:32,390
the conquest of space adventure books

476
00:22:32,390 --> 00:22:34,910
multiplied in space resulting in the

477
00:22:34,910 --> 00:22:37,340
audience more and more familiar with the idea

478
00:22:37,340 --> 00:22:40,580
of colonizing other planets for a nation

479
00:22:40,580 --> 00:22:43,040
raised in the myth of the far west

480
00:22:43,040 --> 00:22:45,290
new space boundary was just the natural one

481
00:22:45,290 --> 00:22:48,080
expansion for their spirit of conquest

482
00:22:48,080 --> 00:22:51,140
so interplanetary missiles new

483
00:22:51,140 --> 00:22:53,600
satellites and spaceships of all kinds

484
00:22:53,600 --> 00:22:56,060
became more familiar to the every day

485
00:22:56,060 --> 00:22:57,310
American audience

486
00:22:57,310 --> 00:23:00,500
new guides to space were born every day

487
00:23:00,500 --> 00:23:03,140
such as those published by Hamlin or by

488
00:23:03,140 --> 00:23:05,690
Doubleday who illustrated the upcoming

489
00:23:05,690 --> 00:23:09,290
Apollo missions there in great detail

490
00:23:09,290 --> 00:23:11,990
was even a guide to primary school space

491
00:23:11,990 --> 00:23:14,840
teachers children in schools brought them

492
00:23:14,840 --> 00:23:17,120
time build their rockets dreams of

493
00:23:17,120 --> 00:23:27,980
going to the moon one day Walt Disney

494
00:23:27,980 --> 00:23:30,200
had an entire section made of it

495
00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:32,330
Disneyland dedicated to space travel

496
00:23:32,330 --> 00:23:35,600
called Tomorrowland meanwhile Disney

497
00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:38,180
regularly published books and comics

498
00:23:38,180 --> 00:23:40,700
where his most famous characters went

499
00:23:40,700 --> 00:23:44,150
into space, you had children

500
00:23:44,150 --> 00:23:46,430
coloring books with dad taking his

501
00:23:46,430 --> 00:23:50,150
children to visit the moon you had model

502
00:23:50,150 --> 00:23:52,220
books with cardboard rockets and

503
00:23:52,220 --> 00:23:55,330
astronaut figurines to cut out that you had

504
00:23:55,330 --> 00:23:57,500
describe three-dimensional books in

505
00:23:57,500 --> 00:24:00,320
detailed every aspect of living in a space

506
00:24:00,320 --> 00:24:03,170
station and in the center of everything

507
00:24:03,170 --> 00:24:05,680
there was always the new astronaut

508
00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:07,700
mythological figure who had been replaced

509
00:24:07,700 --> 00:24:10,520
the ancient hero of the West in the popular

510
00:24:10,520 --> 00:24:15,710
lore after 10 years of such ruthless

511
00:24:15,710 --> 00:24:18,140
propaganda one thing can be confirmed

512
00:24:18,140 --> 00:24:20,840
with certainty NASA would not have existed

513
00:24:20,840 --> 00:24:21,570
technically

514
00:24:21,570 --> 00:24:23,880
able to send people to the moon or had it

515
00:24:23,880 --> 00:24:26,400
been too risky to do so they would have

516
00:24:26,400 --> 00:24:27,630
had to fake it

517
00:24:27,630 --> 00:24:30,620
they had no alternative at the time

518
00:24:30,620 --> 00:24:33,840
with the entire nation already focused

519
00:24:33,840 --> 00:24:36,090
on the new frontier it wouldn't have

520
00:24:36,090 --> 00:24:38,070
possible to admit the failure of

521
00:24:38,070 --> 00:24:40,380
the space project without the US

522
00:24:40,380 --> 00:24:42,750
government loses its total credibility

523
00:24:42,750 --> 00:24:46,370
towards its people

524
00:24:49,410 --> 00:24:52,750
this is essentially the proposed thesis

525
00:24:52,750 --> 00:24:55,660
by Bill enveloping the man who entered

526
00:24:55,660 --> 00:24:57,460
history as the father of the so-called

527
00:24:57,460 --> 00:25:00,280
moon hoax theory the reason i believe

528
00:25:00,280 --> 00:25:03,430
that NASA and the government did the forgery

529
00:25:03,430 --> 00:25:05,950
moon landing it was actually

530
00:25:05,950 --> 00:25:08,950
technically impossible to do it and they

531
00:25:08,950 --> 00:25:11,590
just had to come up with something

532
00:25:11,590 --> 00:25:14,200
alternative that they felt the public

533
00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:16,240
would believe hunting was a former

534
00:25:16,240 --> 00:25:18,010
employee at rocket ein

535
00:25:18,010 --> 00:25:19,900
the company the engines are built for

536
00:25:19,900 --> 00:25:21,780
the rockets used in the Apollo program

537
00:25:21,780 --> 00:25:24,640
just four years after the end of the

538
00:25:24,640 --> 00:25:28,240
Apollo missions in 1976 case published

539
00:25:28,240 --> 00:25:30,640
a book called we never went to the moon

540
00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:33,130
in which he listed the various reasons

541
00:25:33,130 --> 00:25:35,110
why he thought it was not possible

542
00:25:35,110 --> 00:25:38,080
man has gone to the lunar housing

543
00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:40,420
claimed that the entire series of the

544
00:25:40,420 --> 00:25:42,910
moonwalks were secretly filled

545
00:25:42,910 --> 00:25:46,090
NASA facility book casings instead

546
00:25:46,090 --> 00:25:48,550
caused quite a stir and was followed a

547
00:25:48,550 --> 00:25:50,530
a few years later by a similar book

548
00:25:50,530 --> 00:25:53,080
written by independent researcher Ralph

549
00:25:53,080 --> 00:25:56,230
Rene's book was called NASA mooned

550
00:25:56,230 --> 00:25:59,500
America in particular claimed René

551
00:25:59,500 --> 00:26:01,030
it would have been impossible for the

552
00:26:01,030 --> 00:26:03,340
astronauts to get over the van safely

553
00:26:03,340 --> 00:26:04,330
Hex straps

554
00:26:04,330 --> 00:26:07,120
the to radioactive belts all around

555
00:26:07,120 --> 00:26:09,640
the earth to traverse

556
00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:11,440
to reach the moon that is there

557
00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:15,010
definitely not that they went to the moon

558
00:26:15,010 --> 00:26:17,830
with what they had, in fact, there is none

559
00:26:17,830 --> 00:26:19,840
way they can go today is impossible

560
00:26:19,840 --> 00:26:22,930
they can go tomorrow, you don't send a man

561
00:26:22,930 --> 00:26:25,480
where you didn't send the monkey

562
00:26:25,480 --> 00:26:29,270
as time passed, the fear grew

563
00:26:29,270 --> 00:26:31,640
housing and Rene started to gain traction

564
00:26:31,640 --> 00:26:34,309
but it wasn't until the advent of the

565
00:26:34,309 --> 00:26:36,740
Internet that the so-called moon hoax

566
00:26:36,740 --> 00:26:39,140
The theory began to spread worldwide

567
00:26:39,140 --> 00:26:42,980
level since the internet posted nASA

568
00:26:42,980 --> 00:26:45,260
all photos taken by the astronauts

569
00:26:45,260 --> 00:26:49,130
online in high definition all movies

570
00:26:49,130 --> 00:26:51,530
and TV recordings of the same missions

571
00:26:51,530 --> 00:26:53,390
are also published through their

572
00:26:53,390 --> 00:26:55,390
official distributor called a company

573
00:26:55,390 --> 00:26:59,300
spacecraft movies thanks to it all

574
00:26:59,300 --> 00:27:02,030
material that any independent researcher can

575
00:27:02,030 --> 00:27:04,640
now personally examine all the original

576
00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:06,650
images and photos of the Luna

577
00:27:06,650 --> 00:27:09,620
missions, this has led to a wave of

578
00:27:09,620 --> 00:27:11,059
highly researched books and

579
00:27:11,059 --> 00:27:13,460
documentaries that are seriously questioned

580
00:27:13,460 --> 00:27:17,320
the fact that man went to the moon

581
00:27:18,610 --> 00:27:21,200
Hollywood played a part in that too

582
00:27:21,200 --> 00:27:23,929
reinforcing the idea that men never went

583
00:27:23,929 --> 00:27:28,280
to the moon in 1979, just ten years later

584
00:27:28,280 --> 00:27:29,929
the film's first Luna mission

585
00:27:29,929 --> 00:27:33,200
Capricorn One was officially released

586
00:27:33,200 --> 00:27:35,150
the film told the story of a fake

587
00:27:35,150 --> 00:27:37,790
mission to Mars that NASA organized in a

588
00:27:37,790 --> 00:27:40,130
TV studio to avoid the real thing

589
00:27:40,130 --> 00:27:50,270
dangers of a mission in space

590
00:27:50,270 --> 00:27:52,580
Capricorn to which one clearly referred

591
00:27:52,580 --> 00:27:55,400
the recent Luna missions as in fact the

592
00:27:55,400 --> 00:27:58,040
tagline of the film, you would be shocked

593
00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:00,290
to find out that the greatest moment in

594
00:28:00,290 --> 00:28:02,450
our recent history may not have happened

595
00:28:02,450 --> 00:28:05,450
the producers did not mince words

596
00:28:05,450 --> 00:28:07,880
in suggesting that NASA might have

597
00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:10,490
easily fooled the whole world with the

598
00:28:10,490 --> 00:28:13,070
false Apollo missions believe they had

599
00:28:13,070 --> 00:28:15,770
wish NASA could indeed have

600
00:28:15,770 --> 00:28:17,980
the greatest hoax of all time

601
00:28:17,980 --> 00:28:20,840
never send anyone to the moon

602
00:28:20,840 --> 00:28:23,779
and we created in the television studio

603
00:28:23,779 --> 00:28:25,700
if they could make it look real

604
00:28:25,700 --> 00:28:27,590
with a budget of only four million

605
00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:30,440
dollars, the producers suggested the same thing

606
00:28:30,440 --> 00:28:31,970
could certainly have been done by NASA

607
00:28:31,970 --> 00:28:34,549
which had practically unlimited resources

608
00:28:34,549 --> 00:28:38,690
and means and Capricorn is not

609
00:28:38,690 --> 00:28:40,490
the only Hollywood movie out there

610
00:28:40,490 --> 00:28:42,350
suggested the moon landings were

611
00:28:42,350 --> 00:28:45,379
filmed on Earth in the James Bond movie

612
00:28:45,379 --> 00:28:48,019
diamonds are forever Sean Connery

613
00:28:48,019 --> 00:28:49,999
accidentally notices that he is running

614
00:28:49,999 --> 00:28:52,159
about a movie set where the moon

615
00:28:52,159 --> 00:28:54,670
landings are staged

616
00:28:54,670 --> 00:28:54,950
[Applause]

617
00:28:54,950 --> 00:29:07,330
[Music]

618
00:29:07,330 --> 00:29:10,730
in the animated movie the minions

619
00:29:10,730 --> 00:29:13,340
at least in 2015 the group of characters

620
00:29:13,340 --> 00:29:15,860
also accidentally comes across a video

621
00:29:15,860 --> 00:29:17,870
set where the Apollo missions are performed

622
00:29:17,870 --> 00:29:21,379
filmed and in yet another Hollywood

623
00:29:21,379 --> 00:29:24,019
blockbuster the Coneheads the famous

624
00:29:24,019 --> 00:29:25,669
comedy with Dan Aykroyd

625
00:29:25,669 --> 00:29:27,649
the producers openly joked about the

626
00:29:27,649 --> 00:29:29,809
idea that nano really went to the moon

627
00:29:29,809 --> 00:29:31,820
chicken embryo season Penny is brown

628
00:29:31,820 --> 00:29:34,039
animal hmm i'm not really hungry

629
00:29:34,039 --> 00:29:36,499
just some Tang tang they drink

630
00:29:36,499 --> 00:29:39,460
astronauts went to the moon

631
00:29:45,580 --> 00:29:47,899
there are, of course, those who are

632
00:29:47,899 --> 00:29:50,059
absolutely convinced that we went to the

633
00:29:50,059 --> 00:29:52,159
moon and openly defend the official

634
00:29:52,159 --> 00:29:54,799
story by NASA these people like

635
00:29:54,799 --> 00:29:57,649
call themselves debunkers among the best

636
00:29:57,649 --> 00:29:59,480
known and most active we must mention

637
00:29:59,480 --> 00:30:01,999
Phil Plait editor of the Bad website

638
00:30:01,999 --> 00:30:04,730
Astronomy Jim Oberg journalist and

639
00:30:04,730 --> 00:30:07,610
aerospace expert the Italian Paolo

640
00:30:07,610 --> 00:30:10,340
activism editor of a website on the moon

641
00:30:10,340 --> 00:30:12,409
hoax and associate of the Apollo

642
00:30:12,409 --> 00:30:14,960
Lunar Journal NASA's official website at

643
00:30:14,960 --> 00:30:17,749
the Apollo missions as an official NASA

644
00:30:17,749 --> 00:30:20,240
employee activism o stands for a

645
00:30:20,240 --> 00:30:22,429
particularly authoritative voice in the

646
00:30:22,429 --> 00:30:24,799
area of ​​the monthly debate among the

647
00:30:24,799 --> 00:30:26,899
debunkers we should also call Jay

648
00:30:26,899 --> 00:30:28,999
Windley editor of the website Clavius

649
00:30:28,999 --> 00:30:31,759
and the world famous Mythbusters die

650
00:30:31,759 --> 00:30:33,679
devoted an entire episode to it

651
00:30:33,679 --> 00:30:35,899
their show to expose the so-called

652
00:30:35,899 --> 00:30:38,720
moon hoax Theory doesn't do this alone

653
00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:40,610
people believe we went to the moon

654
00:30:40,610 --> 00:30:42,440
but they claim there is irrefutable

655
00:30:42,440 --> 00:30:45,559
proof to prove it we will therefore

656
00:30:45,559 --> 00:30:48,499
start by analyzing this evidence

657
00:30:48,499 --> 00:30:50,330
item at a time

658
00:30:50,330 --> 00:30:52,700
often the first piece of evidence

659
00:30:52,700 --> 00:30:54,800
cited in favor of the Apollo missions

660
00:30:54,800 --> 00:30:57,770
comes in the form of reasoning if so

661
00:30:57,770 --> 00:30:59,780
true that NASA faked the moon landings

662
00:30:59,780 --> 00:31:02,300
goes the argument why did the Russians

663
00:31:02,300 --> 00:31:04,790
keeping mother instead of exposing the hoax

664
00:31:04,790 --> 00:31:07,630
all over the world it was a bribe

665
00:31:07,630 --> 00:31:10,520
test when I saw that Asperger's is in it

666
00:31:10,520 --> 00:31:12,650
fact several reasons why the Russians

667
00:31:12,650 --> 00:31:14,690
would not have exposed the fake landings

668
00:31:14,690 --> 00:31:17,630
in any case, the first one is given

669
00:31:17,630 --> 00:31:19,850
their position would be none in the world

670
00:31:19,850 --> 00:31:22,070
have believed them imagine that the

671
00:31:22,070 --> 00:31:24,230
Russians who had just lost the race

672
00:31:24,230 --> 00:31:26,300
the moon had tried to suggest that to NASA

673
00:31:26,300 --> 00:31:29,030
the moon landings faked the Americans

674
00:31:29,030 --> 00:31:30,530
really would have killed them up front

675
00:31:30,530 --> 00:31:32,750
of the whole world they call painful

676
00:31:32,750 --> 00:31:35,330
losers by more than half a billion

677
00:31:35,330 --> 00:31:37,280
people who just witnessed the moon

678
00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:39,080
landings on television it would have

679
00:31:39,080 --> 00:31:41,300
it was very easy to fire a Russian

680
00:31:41,300 --> 00:31:43,640
accusation with a laugh had the claim

681
00:31:43,640 --> 00:31:45,800
come from a neutral country it might be

682
00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:47,930
would have been somewhat credible, but

683
00:31:47,930 --> 00:31:49,820
coming from the same people who just had

684
00:31:49,820 --> 00:31:52,010
lost the race to the moon, no one would

685
00:31:52,010 --> 00:31:54,770
have taken them seriously is also there

686
00:31:54,770 --> 00:31:56,960
a second very important reason why the

687
00:31:56,960 --> 00:31:58,760
Russians would not have revealed the hoax

688
00:31:58,760 --> 00:32:01,610
at least with the Apollo missions

689
00:32:01,610 --> 00:32:03,770
still going on serious talks between

690
00:32:03,770 --> 00:32:06,080
Americans and Russians over a joint

691
00:32:06,080 --> 00:32:08,240
space program was already on their agenda

692
00:32:08,240 --> 00:32:10,880
way the times were no longer those of

693
00:32:10,880 --> 00:32:12,800
Kennedy and Khrushchev and the Nixon

694
00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:14,750
administration had made something serious

695
00:32:14,750 --> 00:32:17,180
progress to a substantial day taunt

696
00:32:17,180 --> 00:32:19,430
with the Soviet Empire we have one

697
00:32:19,430 --> 00:32:22,250
new relationship with the Soviet Union

698
00:32:22,250 --> 00:32:24,260
must continue to develop and expand

699
00:32:24,260 --> 00:32:27,140
that new relationship so that the two

700
00:32:27,140 --> 00:32:30,710
strongest nations of the world will live

701
00:32:30,710 --> 00:32:35,480
together in cooperation instead of

702
00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:39,950
confrontation on May 24, 1972 in Moscow

703
00:32:39,950 --> 00:32:42,050
with the Apollo missions still full

704
00:32:42,050 --> 00:32:44,690
swing Richard Nixon signed a historic

705
00:32:44,690 --> 00:32:46,610
agreement with the Soviets on space

706
00:32:46,610 --> 00:32:49,460
cooperation and less than a year later

707
00:32:49,460 --> 00:32:51,560
the last Apollo mission the same

708
00:32:51,560 --> 00:32:53,600
American astronauts were on their way to

709
00:32:53,600 --> 00:32:55,520
Russia to meet their Soviet colleagues

710
00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:57,860
they participated in joint press

711
00:32:57,860 --> 00:33:00,020
conferences visited their space center

712
00:33:00,020 --> 00:33:02,000
became familiar with their spaceship saw

713
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:03,950
use and paid tribute to the great

714
00:33:03,950 --> 00:33:05,480
of the heroes of the Soviet space

715
00:33:05,480 --> 00:33:08,330
program Sergey Korolyov and Yuri Gagarin

716
00:33:08,330 --> 00:33:11,179
a few months later it was the Soviet

717
00:33:11,179 --> 00:33:13,490
cosmonauts turn around to visit and get the US

718
00:33:13,490 --> 00:33:15,039
get to know the American way of life

719
00:33:15,039 --> 00:33:17,720
they visited the Houston Space Center

720
00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:19,880
familiarized with the American spaceship

721
00:33:19,880 --> 00:33:22,010
Apollo and worked with them

722
00:33:22,010 --> 00:33:24,139
counterparts to perfect the system that

723
00:33:24,139 --> 00:33:25,909
would enable their starships to connect

724
00:33:25,909 --> 00:33:27,649
to each other during future joint

725
00:33:27,649 --> 00:33:29,840
missions would culminate all this

726
00:33:29,840 --> 00:33:32,330
only three years after the last Apollo

727
00:33:32,330 --> 00:33:34,159
mission in the historical encounter

728
00:33:34,159 --> 00:33:35,870
between the American spaceship Apollo

729
00:33:35,870 --> 00:33:38,779
and the Russian spacecraft was seen using it

730
00:33:38,779 --> 00:33:41,149
are the words of Soviet cosmonaut Leigh

731
00:33:41,149 --> 00:33:42,919
enough before you leave for the joint

732
00:33:42,919 --> 00:33:45,250
mission with the americans in space

733
00:33:45,250 --> 00:33:47,570
chairman of the State Commission

734
00:33:47,570 --> 00:33:49,789
spaceship crew is ready for the

735
00:33:49,789 --> 00:33:51,620
joint flight with American spacecraft

736
00:33:51,620 --> 00:33:53,929
apollo we have the great honor of

737
00:33:53,929 --> 00:33:56,269
participation in the first international

738
00:33:56,269 --> 00:34:01,549
flight of manned spaceship this

739
00:34:01,549 --> 00:34:03,590
experiment will yield even broader results

740
00:34:03,590 --> 00:34:05,960
possibilities in our space research

741
00:34:05,960 --> 00:34:07,909
the american side the tone of the

742
00:34:07,909 --> 00:34:09,679
comments were just as comforting

743
00:34:09,679 --> 00:34:11,929
mission climax over three years of

744
00:34:11,929 --> 00:34:14,599
planning and preparation a while during

745
00:34:14,599 --> 00:34:16,790
what differences in language

746
00:34:16,790 --> 00:34:19,699
technology in political creeds were established

747
00:34:19,699 --> 00:34:22,339
aside in favor of the common goal

748
00:34:22,339 --> 00:34:24,589
fact the joint mission between the

749
00:34:24,589 --> 00:34:26,540
Russians and Americans would pave

750
00:34:26,540 --> 00:34:28,040
the road to what is today

751
00:34:28,040 --> 00:34:30,379
International space station a place

752
00:34:30,379 --> 00:34:32,690
where astronauts from USA Russia

753
00:34:32,690 --> 00:34:35,510
Italy Japan and many other countries

754
00:34:35,510 --> 00:34:37,159
work elbow to elbow

755
00:34:37,159 --> 00:34:40,369
into the international space program

756
00:34:40,369 --> 00:34:42,949
conclusion the Russians had the

757
00:34:42,949 --> 00:34:44,960
Luna hoax by the Americans not only

758
00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:47,119
would have laughed the whole world

759
00:34:47,119 --> 00:34:49,460
them, but none of what followed

760
00:34:49,460 --> 00:34:51,260
space cooperation with the

761
00:34:51,260 --> 00:34:53,379
Americans would have been possible once

762
00:34:53,379 --> 00:34:55,790
faced with a possible Bluff by the

763
00:34:55,790 --> 00:34:57,560
Americans all they would have left

764
00:34:57,560 --> 00:34:59,390
for the Russians to make want to bite

765
00:34:59,390 --> 00:35:01,160
bullet and look to the future with one

766
00:35:01,160 --> 00:35:04,180
smile on their face

767
00:35:09,090 --> 00:35:12,229
[Music]

768
00:35:14,670 --> 00:35:17,490
the second frequently used piece of evidence

769
00:35:17,490 --> 00:35:19,200
in favor of the moon landings is the

770
00:35:19,200 --> 00:35:19,799
as a sequel to

771
00:35:19,799 --> 00:35:22,950
with more than 400,000 people involved in the

772
00:35:22,950 --> 00:35:26,519
NASA project would have the argument

773
00:35:26,519 --> 00:35:49,140
spilled the beans, but it's the very

774
00:35:49,140 --> 00:35:51,650
premise of this argument that is flawed

775
00:35:51,650 --> 00:35:54,990
nowhere does it say all 400,000

776
00:35:54,990 --> 00:35:57,809
NASA employees had to be notified of the

777
00:35:57,809 --> 00:36:01,170
scam is committed in fact the moon

778
00:36:01,170 --> 00:36:03,480
landing project was divided

779
00:36:03,480 --> 00:36:05,670
thousands of different companies

780
00:36:05,670 --> 00:36:07,339
worked all over the United States

781
00:36:07,339 --> 00:36:10,859
completely independent of each other

782
00:36:10,859 --> 00:36:13,049
Grumman employees built the

783
00:36:13,049 --> 00:36:15,240
lunar module at their factories in Long

784
00:36:15,240 --> 00:36:18,450
Island where the technicians of corridor C were

785
00:36:18,450 --> 00:36:20,369
designing the spacesuits in their

786
00:36:20,369 --> 00:36:23,609
laboratories in Delaware the employees

787
00:36:23,609 --> 00:36:25,589
from Boeing built the moon

788
00:36:25,589 --> 00:36:28,009
robber in Washington state the

789
00:36:28,009 --> 00:36:31,079
people from McDonnell Douglas were working on

790
00:36:31,079 --> 00:36:33,210
the Saturn rocket into their factories

791
00:36:33,210 --> 00:36:36,269
California General technicians

792
00:36:36,269 --> 00:36:38,369
Motors produced the tanks for the

793
00:36:38,369 --> 00:36:41,000
command module in their Indiana home

794
00:36:41,000 --> 00:36:43,410
the experts from the link group

795
00:36:43,410 --> 00:36:45,599
developed the flight simulators in their

796
00:36:45,599 --> 00:36:48,599
factories in New York as related herein

797
00:36:48,599 --> 00:36:50,880
documentary from that time there were

798
00:36:50,880 --> 00:36:53,579
about 20,000 different companies operate

799
00:36:53,579 --> 00:36:55,799
simultaneously on the Apollo project

800
00:36:55,799 --> 00:36:58,049
from all over the United States

801
00:36:58,049 --> 00:37:00,059
than 90% of the work is performed by

802
00:37:00,059 --> 00:37:02,609
contractors across the country

803
00:37:02,609 --> 00:37:05,279
even some 20,000 main contractors

804
00:37:05,279 --> 00:37:08,069
subcontractors and suppliers located in

805
00:37:08,069 --> 00:37:10,289
virtually every state participates

806
00:37:10,289 --> 00:37:12,809
in manned spaceflight programs

807
00:37:12,809 --> 00:37:15,269
the idea that all these people had to be

808
00:37:15,269 --> 00:37:17,579
on a plan to fake the moon landings

809
00:37:17,579 --> 00:37:21,000
is just ridiculous as a footballer

810
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:23,160
chooses to sell out a game for sure

811
00:37:23,160 --> 00:37:25,559
does not inform the rest of his team

812
00:37:25,559 --> 00:37:27,320
his intentions

813
00:37:27,320 --> 00:37:29,780
alone and the first to be deceived

814
00:37:29,780 --> 00:37:33,380
in fact, own teammates are another

815
00:37:33,380 --> 00:37:35,870
example is the so-called Volkswagen

816
00:37:35,870 --> 00:37:39,620
scandal in 2015 it was revealed that the

817
00:37:39,620 --> 00:37:42,110
German automaker had completely cheated

818
00:37:42,110 --> 00:37:44,720
world by selling them cars whose engines

819
00:37:44,720 --> 00:37:46,670
exceeded the determined emission

820
00:37:46,670 --> 00:37:48,980
rules, but that doesn't mean that

821
00:37:48,980 --> 00:37:52,070
the whole body of 600,000 workers

822
00:37:52,070 --> 00:37:54,560
Volkswagen had been made aware of the scam

823
00:37:54,560 --> 00:37:56,840
being committed was all that was needed

824
00:37:56,840 --> 00:37:59,150
was a limited group of managers and

825
00:37:59,150 --> 00:38:01,700
technicians informed without everyone

826
00:38:01,700 --> 00:38:03,980
otherwise necessarily be informed of what

827
00:38:03,980 --> 00:38:07,070
was also ongoing in the case of the

828
00:38:07,070 --> 00:38:09,230
Apollo missions were all that was needed

829
00:38:09,230 --> 00:38:12,020
a small group of NASA's top executives who

830
00:38:12,020 --> 00:38:14,420
decided to fake the moon landings while

831
00:38:14,420 --> 00:38:16,190
anyone at the office would have

832
00:38:16,190 --> 00:38:19,130
believed the missions were real for

833
00:38:19,130 --> 00:38:21,500
for example, the hoax to succeed would be the case

834
00:38:21,500 --> 00:38:23,390
enough to take control

835
00:38:23,390 --> 00:38:25,640
the received television signal

836
00:38:25,640 --> 00:38:28,490
by the stations on earth officially the

837
00:38:28,490 --> 00:38:30,320
images of the first moonwalk

838
00:38:30,320 --> 00:38:32,270
broadcast directly from the moon and

839
00:38:32,270 --> 00:38:34,310
were broadcast in real time by the

840
00:38:34,310 --> 00:38:36,940
television stations around the world

841
00:38:36,940 --> 00:38:39,440
but if the same moonwalk had been

842
00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:42,230
pre-recorded in a studio instead and wash

843
00:38:42,230 --> 00:38:44,360
then retransmitted to the receiver

844
00:38:44,360 --> 00:38:46,670
channels via satellite or otherwise

845
00:38:46,670 --> 00:38:49,130
means that the first people will be duped

846
00:38:49,130 --> 00:38:51,140
would have been the technicians

847
00:38:51,140 --> 00:38:52,850
NASA tracking the moon

848
00:38:52,850 --> 00:38:55,390
landings from Houston Space Center and

849
00:38:55,390 --> 00:38:58,490
with them the whole world would have

850
00:38:58,490 --> 00:39:01,060
been cheated

851
00:39:02,950 --> 00:39:05,839
there is also according to the debunkers

852
00:39:05,839 --> 00:39:07,880
any physical evidence for the moon

853
00:39:07,880 --> 00:39:09,529
landings they claim to be

854
00:39:09,529 --> 00:39:11,839
irrefutable evidence

855
00:39:11,839 --> 00:39:14,000
is the presence on the moon of the so

856
00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:17,180
called retroreflector this is an object

857
00:39:17,180 --> 00:39:18,980
able to send a laser beam back to

858
00:39:18,980 --> 00:39:21,079
earth that was reportedly left behind by the

859
00:39:21,079 --> 00:39:22,880
astronauts on the surface of the moon

860
00:39:22,880 --> 00:39:25,759
according to the Mythbusters this retro

861
00:39:25,759 --> 00:39:28,160
reflector stands for irrefutable and

862
00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:30,740
convincing evidence that the man went to the

863
00:39:30,740 --> 00:39:31,069
Moon

864
00:39:31,069 --> 00:39:33,529
there is time for just one final test and

865
00:39:33,529 --> 00:39:36,559
not just any old test, but the ultimate

866
00:39:36,559 --> 00:39:39,440
evidence of man's lunar mission, what is this

867
00:39:39,440 --> 00:39:41,869
a reflector in fact it is called one

868
00:39:41,869 --> 00:39:44,450
retro-reflector consisting of many small ones

869
00:39:44,450 --> 00:39:46,309
prisms just like this one if there is one

870
00:39:46,309 --> 00:39:51,849
retroreflector on the moon and location

871
00:39:52,119 --> 00:39:55,400
we were able to detect and prove the reflection

872
00:39:55,400 --> 00:39:57,380
there is man-made equipment on the moon

873
00:39:57,380 --> 00:39:59,900
so what you are saying is that we have one

874
00:39:59,900 --> 00:40:02,420
really big laser and pointed at the

875
00:40:02,420 --> 00:40:04,700
reflector on the moon and if we have one

876
00:40:04,700 --> 00:40:07,039
signal back that means we were in

877
00:40:07,039 --> 00:40:10,309
fact just there to prove

878
00:40:10,309 --> 00:40:12,769
their point, the Mythbusters argued one

879
00:40:12,769 --> 00:40:14,480
experiment from the Apache point

880
00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:17,029
observatory in New Mexico this thing

881
00:40:17,029 --> 00:40:18,769
here is the apache point

882
00:40:18,769 --> 00:40:20,809
observatory and these guys have the

883
00:40:20,809 --> 00:40:22,579
tools we need to put the final nail

884
00:40:22,579 --> 00:40:24,890
in the coffin on the moon landing hoax

885
00:40:24,890 --> 00:40:27,170
that is the location where Apollo 15

886
00:40:27,170 --> 00:40:30,670
landed on the moon that's so cool

887
00:40:30,670 --> 00:40:33,170
initiating laser on a retro-reflector

888
00:40:33,170 --> 00:40:36,080
from Apollo 15

889
00:40:36,080 --> 00:40:39,030
and it starts to peak

890
00:40:39,030 --> 00:40:42,420
out is that it is the return of

891
00:40:42,420 --> 00:40:45,630
Apollo 15 light returning from the laser

892
00:40:45,630 --> 00:40:48,210
retroreflector at the exact wavelength

893
00:40:48,210 --> 00:40:50,220
and distance we expected

894
00:40:50,220 --> 00:40:52,800
really what exactly is happening

895
00:40:52,800 --> 00:40:54,570
exciting for us

896
00:40:54,570 --> 00:40:57,090
but convincingly we shine that laser on

897
00:40:57,090 --> 00:40:58,980
the moon on the second test and we got one

898
00:40:58,980 --> 00:41:01,740
clear peak back photons came back to

899
00:41:01,740 --> 00:41:03,990
our receptor is now the only way to do that

900
00:41:03,990 --> 00:41:05,670
could happen is if there was a piece of it

901
00:41:05,670 --> 00:41:08,580
man-made equipment on the moon

902
00:41:08,580 --> 00:41:10,980
reflect them back, it may seem

903
00:41:10,980 --> 00:41:13,380
conclusive evidence, but far from it

904
00:41:13,380 --> 00:41:16,140
that it is, in fact, perfectly possible

905
00:41:16,140 --> 00:41:18,300
reflect a laser beam off the moon

906
00:41:18,300 --> 00:41:20,370
surface and detected on Earth without

907
00:41:20,370 --> 00:41:22,770
using a specific tool

908
00:41:22,770 --> 00:41:25,590
these kinds of experiments had already been done

909
00:41:25,590 --> 00:41:27,270
successfully performed by the

910
00:41:27,270 --> 00:41:29,900
Massachusetts Institute of Technology op

911
00:41:29,900 --> 00:41:32,850
1962 six years before the Apollo

912
00:41:32,850 --> 00:41:36,690
missions from the December 1966 issue of

913
00:41:36,690 --> 00:41:39,360
National Geographic we can read four of them

914
00:41:39,360 --> 00:41:41,640
years ago a ruby ​​laser significantly

915
00:41:41,640 --> 00:41:44,070
smaller than the currently available shot a

916
00:41:44,070 --> 00:41:47,580
series of pulses on the moon 240,000

917
00:41:47,580 --> 00:41:50,310
miles away, the rays were reflected back

918
00:41:50,310 --> 00:41:52,140
to earth with enough power to be

919
00:41:52,140 --> 00:41:54,600
measured by ultra sensitive electronic

920
00:41:54,600 --> 00:41:57,060
equipment was a similar experiment

921
00:41:57,060 --> 00:41:59,190
repeated a year later by the Soviets

922
00:41:59,190 --> 00:42:02,600
from the New York Times, Nov. 4

923
00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:05,940
1963 we read a concentrated beam of

924
00:42:05,940 --> 00:42:08,190
light is reflected from the moon and

925
00:42:08,190 --> 00:42:09,990
discovered on Earth by a Soviet

926
00:42:09,990 --> 00:42:12,510
Observatory in Crimea the achievement

927
00:42:12,510 --> 00:42:14,910
duplicates an experiment that was performed too late

928
00:42:14,910 --> 00:42:16,770
last year by engineers of the

929
00:42:16,770 --> 00:42:19,470
Massachusetts Institute of Technology it

930
00:42:19,470 --> 00:42:21,600
was six whole years before the Apollo

931
00:42:21,600 --> 00:42:24,330
missions and that was already possible

932
00:42:24,330 --> 00:42:27,000
bounce a laser beam off the moon with no

933
00:42:27,000 --> 00:42:29,940
additionally a retro-reflector is required

934
00:42:29,940 --> 00:42:32,370
assuming such an object actually is

935
00:42:32,370 --> 00:42:34,350
present on the moon does not mean this

936
00:42:34,350 --> 00:42:35,790
that it was raised by it

937
00:42:35,790 --> 00:42:38,220
astronauts retroreflector

938
00:42:38,220 --> 00:42:39,840
could easily have stood on it

939
00:42:39,840 --> 00:42:42,180
surface of the moon by an unmanned probe

940
00:42:42,180 --> 00:42:45,030
the Soviets had done exactly the same

941
00:42:45,030 --> 00:42:47,420
thing in the same years they shipped

942
00:42:47,420 --> 00:42:49,080
retroreflectors to the moon

943
00:42:49,080 --> 00:42:51,960
with their unmanned probes Lunokhod 1 op

944
00:42:51,960 --> 00:42:55,350
Under no circumstances can Lunokhod 2 be the

945
00:42:55,350 --> 00:42:57,690
retro-reflector are considered valid

946
00:42:57,690 --> 00:42:59,670
evidence in favor of the Apollo missions

947
00:42:59,670 --> 00:43:10,410
let alone a definite another piece

948
00:43:10,410 --> 00:43:12,510
of evidence for the moon landings

949
00:43:12,510 --> 00:43:14,280
mentioned are the moonstones

950
00:43:14,280 --> 00:43:16,980
although samples of rocky material that

951
00:43:16,980 --> 00:43:19,320
the astronauts reportedly were brought back

952
00:43:19,320 --> 00:43:20,900
earth from the missions to the moon

953
00:43:20,900 --> 00:43:23,640
composed of other material

954
00:43:23,640 --> 00:43:25,440
then earth claimed the debunkers

955
00:43:25,440 --> 00:43:27,930
these rocks are tangible proof of that

956
00:43:27,930 --> 00:43:30,930
man went to the moon of the unmasking

957
00:43:30,930 --> 00:43:33,540
site Clavius ​​​​we can read the moon

958
00:43:33,540 --> 00:43:35,760
surface samples returned by the Apollo

959
00:43:35,760 --> 00:43:38,100
missions are considered by many to be

960
00:43:38,100 --> 00:43:39,930
the most convincing evidence that the

961
00:43:39,930 --> 00:43:42,720
missions were authentic in their own right

962
00:43:42,720 --> 00:43:45,570
website NASA writes moon rocks and

963
00:43:45,570 --> 00:43:48,150
common sense evidence Apollo astronauts

964
00:43:48,150 --> 00:43:51,450
really visited the moon in reality

965
00:43:51,450 --> 00:43:53,850
these supposed moon rocks in themselves

966
00:43:53,850 --> 00:43:56,490
prove nothing even if you accept that

967
00:43:56,490 --> 00:43:58,260
their composition is different from that

968
00:43:58,260 --> 00:44:00,300
of the earth we must remember that many

969
00:44:00,300 --> 00:44:02,460
meteorites from the moon

970
00:44:02,460 --> 00:44:05,130
have been recovered in Antarctica that I have been given

971
00:44:05,130 --> 00:44:06,660
a phone call once a guy with the

972
00:44:06,660 --> 00:44:10,140
Smithsonian he said jerry we have one now

973
00:44:10,140 --> 00:44:12,300
meteorite I just came from

974
00:44:12,300 --> 00:44:15,060
Antarctica which is whole from the moon

975
00:44:15,060 --> 00:44:16,710
A meeting of scientists attacked this

976
00:44:16,710 --> 00:44:18,510
objection and at the end of a year and a

977
00:44:18,510 --> 00:44:20,760
half the conclusion was that it was a moon

978
00:44:20,760 --> 00:44:23,190
rock it was unequivocally a moon rock

979
00:44:23,190 --> 00:44:25,260
and it is certainly a curious coincidence

980
00:44:25,260 --> 00:44:28,380
that Verner von Braun some of his NASA

981
00:44:28,380 --> 00:44:31,920
colleagues visited Antarctica in 1967

982
00:44:31,920 --> 00:44:34,620
exactly one year before the start of

983
00:44:34,620 --> 00:44:37,620
the lunar missions as mentioned by the new one

984
00:44:37,620 --> 00:44:40,290
world encyclopedia the expedition was

985
00:44:40,290 --> 00:44:42,060
one of the first to systematically

986
00:44:42,060 --> 00:44:44,130
search the ice surface for meteorites

987
00:44:44,130 --> 00:44:47,040
believed to come from the moon the

988
00:44:47,040 --> 00:44:49,880
later use as reference material

989
00:44:49,880 --> 00:44:52,410
nothing prohibits this reference

990
00:44:52,410 --> 00:44:54,660
material could have been used later as

991
00:44:54,660 --> 00:44:57,539
original after the Apollo missions

992
00:44:57,539 --> 00:44:59,909
furthermore it is possible that the

993
00:44:59,909 --> 00:45:01,949
diversity of the lunar rocks

994
00:45:01,949 --> 00:45:04,019
obtained with a special processing

995
00:45:04,019 --> 00:45:06,449
here on earth as suggested by Bill Wood

996
00:45:06,449 --> 00:45:08,909
an aerospace engineer and then I think

997
00:45:08,909 --> 00:45:10,589
the vast majority of the hundreds

998
00:45:10,589 --> 00:45:12,209
kilograms of moon rocks that we claim

999
00:45:12,209 --> 00:45:17,429
are made here on earth they can be

1000
00:45:17,429 --> 00:45:20,749
irradiated or exposed to a vacuum or

1001
00:45:20,749 --> 00:45:24,899
modified in certain small ways so that

1002
00:45:24,899 --> 00:45:26,909
in fact they appear slightly different

1003
00:45:26,909 --> 00:45:30,269
in 2009 it was discovered to be a moon

1004
00:45:30,269 --> 00:45:32,549
stone donated by American astronauts

1005
00:45:32,549 --> 00:45:35,009
going to a Dutch Museum was actually a stretch

1006
00:45:35,009 --> 00:45:38,459
of petrified wood a cheap earthy imitation

1007
00:45:38,459 --> 00:45:40,889
presented to the world as if it were one

1008
00:45:40,889 --> 00:45:44,249
precious moonstone, but even like this

1009
00:45:44,249 --> 00:45:46,380
stones really came from the moon

1010
00:45:46,380 --> 00:45:48,209
could have been picked up by an unmanned

1011
00:45:48,209 --> 00:45:50,989
probe and not necessarily by humans

1012
00:45:50,989 --> 00:45:53,279
again the same was done by the

1013
00:45:53,279 --> 00:45:56,069
Soviets with their unmanned probes Luna

1014
00:45:56,069 --> 00:46:01,919
16 20 and 24 so in any case not at all

1015
00:46:01,919 --> 00:46:04,380
of their origin and composition, the

1016
00:46:04,380 --> 00:46:06,449
so-called moon rocks are being considered

1017
00:46:06,449 --> 00:46:09,630
proof that man went to the moon and one

1018
00:46:09,630 --> 00:46:11,849
is left to wander why should NASA feel

1019
00:46:11,849 --> 00:46:13,799
the need to state that the moon fluctuates

1020
00:46:13,799 --> 00:46:16,019
proved that we then went to the moon

1021
00:46:16,019 --> 00:46:17,669
they are the first to know

1022
00:46:17,669 --> 00:46:21,259
this is certainly not the case

1023
00:46:23,299 --> 00:46:26,189
according to the debunkers the landscape

1024
00:46:26,189 --> 00:46:59,549
scene in the Apollo photos in reality

1025
00:46:59,549 --> 00:47:01,679
those who support this idea are not

1026
00:47:01,679 --> 00:47:03,389
familiar with the great illusion

1027
00:47:03,389 --> 00:47:06,269
capabilities of cinematography for this

1028
00:47:06,269 --> 00:47:07,769
example is a scene from the movie

1029
00:47:07,769 --> 00:47:10,090
beautiful devastation produced

1030
00:47:10,090 --> 00:47:14,530
I max in 2005 as one can see the depth

1031
00:47:14,530 --> 00:47:16,420
of the terrain and background

1032
00:47:16,420 --> 00:47:18,310
similar to that of the Apollo

1033
00:47:18,310 --> 00:47:21,790
missions and yet this is the actual set

1034
00:47:21,790 --> 00:47:24,460
where the scene was filmed alone

1035
00:47:24,460 --> 00:47:26,860
terrain and the foreground is really the

1036
00:47:26,860 --> 00:47:29,020
rest of the landscape is projected as one

1037
00:47:29,020 --> 00:47:31,510
background with the use of special effects

1038
00:47:31,510 --> 00:47:34,630
the only difference with the sixties is

1039
00:47:34,630 --> 00:47:36,850
that today are the background images

1040
00:47:36,850 --> 00:47:39,280
on top of a green screen with a

1041
00:47:39,280 --> 00:47:41,650
digital technique while in the past the

1042
00:47:41,650 --> 00:47:43,780
background images were projected onto a

1043
00:47:43,780 --> 00:47:45,580
highly reflective screen with a

1044
00:47:45,580 --> 00:47:49,120
technique called front projection one of them

1045
00:47:49,120 --> 00:47:50,740
the first to use the front

1046
00:47:50,740 --> 00:47:53,140
projection was Stanley Kubrick in the

1047
00:47:53,140 --> 00:47:56,740
movie 2001 a space odyssey this is the

1048
00:47:56,740 --> 00:47:59,020
famous opening scene with the monkeys in it

1049
00:47:59,020 --> 00:48:01,960
the African desert as one can see it

1050
00:48:01,960 --> 00:48:04,300
Savannah seems to be in the background

1051
00:48:04,300 --> 00:48:07,780
immense and this is the studio where the

1052
00:48:07,780 --> 00:48:10,420
scene is only the first part of recorded

1053
00:48:10,420 --> 00:48:12,070
the set is really the one in the

1054
00:48:12,070 --> 00:48:14,590
foreground the rest is photographic

1055
00:48:14,590 --> 00:48:16,930
image projected on it

1056
00:48:16,930 --> 00:48:20,110
highly reflective screen printing is here

1057
00:48:20,110 --> 00:48:22,030
another example of using front

1058
00:48:22,030 --> 00:48:24,310
projection of the same Stanley Kubrick

1059
00:48:24,310 --> 00:48:26,560
film the terrain in the foreground

1060
00:48:26,560 --> 00:48:29,080
real and we're in the studio while the

1061
00:48:29,080 --> 00:48:31,270
background image is the result of

1062
00:48:31,270 --> 00:48:33,250
a projection on a highly reflective

1063
00:48:33,250 --> 00:48:37,210
screen one way to know if the front

1064
00:48:37,210 --> 00:48:39,670
projection was used to verify whether

1065
00:48:39,670 --> 00:48:41,920
there is a continuous dividing line

1066
00:48:41,920 --> 00:48:43,830
between foreground and background

1067
00:48:43,830 --> 00:48:46,480
cross the entire image from left to right

1068
00:48:46,480 --> 00:48:49,240
this is actually the line

1069
00:48:49,240 --> 00:48:51,220
separate from the real terrain in the

1070
00:48:51,220 --> 00:48:53,470
studio from the projection screen in the

1071
00:48:53,470 --> 00:48:56,740
background and, curiously enough, us

1072
00:48:56,740 --> 00:48:58,630
notice that in many of the Apollo

1073
00:48:58,630 --> 00:49:01,450
pictures an unbroken line connecting the

1074
00:49:01,450 --> 00:49:04,750
frame from left to right this is present

1075
00:49:04,750 --> 00:49:06,580
line separates the site and

1076
00:49:06,580 --> 00:49:08,800
foreground of the distant hills in the

1077
00:49:08,800 --> 00:49:11,280
background

1078
00:49:13,970 --> 00:49:18,080
in fact if we take a closer look at some of them

1079
00:49:18,080 --> 00:49:21,570
360° panoramas from the landing sites we

1080
00:49:21,570 --> 00:49:23,609
realize that the solid line

1081
00:49:23,609 --> 00:49:25,500
separate the foreground from the

1082
00:49:25,500 --> 00:49:27,630
background is continuous for the

1083
00:49:27,630 --> 00:49:30,960
whole 360 ​​degrees in any direction

1084
00:49:30,960 --> 00:49:42,180
you look this means either the

1085
00:49:42,180 --> 00:49:44,250
astronauts somehow landed

1086
00:49:44,250 --> 00:49:47,550
truncated code separated for 360 degrees

1087
00:49:47,550 --> 00:49:50,040
of the distant hills or the images

1088
00:49:50,040 --> 00:49:52,050
are recorded in the studio and the

1089
00:49:52,050 --> 00:49:53,640
solid line separating the

1090
00:49:53,640 --> 00:49:55,920
foreground of the background is just one

1091
00:49:55,920 --> 00:49:58,140
dividing line between the real set and

1092
00:49:58,140 --> 00:50:01,530
the projected image in addition to the

1093
00:50:01,530 --> 00:50:03,750
time of the Apollo missions Hollywood

1094
00:50:03,750 --> 00:50:06,180
had already developed a mobile front

1095
00:50:06,180 --> 00:50:08,609
projection system that could also have

1096
00:50:08,609 --> 00:50:11,040
are allowed to film moving scenes with the

1097
00:50:11,040 --> 00:50:14,060
distant background projected onto a screen

1098
00:50:14,060 --> 00:50:16,890
another technique used to obtain the same

1099
00:50:16,890 --> 00:50:19,619
result was that of painted backgrounds as

1100
00:50:19,619 --> 00:50:21,660
in this example from a Hollywood movie

1101
00:50:21,660 --> 00:50:25,500
Nicola panini has worked since the 1950s

1102
00:50:25,500 --> 00:50:27,300
extensively in Hollywood as one

1103
00:50:27,300 --> 00:50:29,400
cinematographer making films for

1104
00:50:29,400 --> 00:50:31,619
Sylvester Stallone Terry Gilliam and

1105
00:50:31,619 --> 00:50:34,230
many others we asked him about this

1106
00:50:34,230 --> 00:50:36,660
supposed impossibility of creating such a thing

1107
00:50:36,660 --> 00:50:38,839
large sets in a studio

1108
00:50:38,839 --> 00:50:41,940
laticia most extra accessory

1109
00:50:41,940 --> 00:50:44,490
impossible fellow students at the generals

1110
00:50:44,490 --> 00:50:45,119
wheel

1111
00:50:45,119 --> 00:50:53,280
refer to their position each educated

1112
00:50:53,280 --> 00:50:56,670
telefono said with the naked eye because

1113
00:50:56,670 --> 00:51:00,390
really fixed physical method to cost

1114
00:51:00,390 --> 00:51:03,690
ratio AE AE which is one of the

1115
00:51:03,690 --> 00:51:06,260
backgrounds

1116
00:51:06,390 --> 00:51:08,990
he said that to me I came that

1117
00:51:08,990 --> 00:51:12,960
go with the week early baby each

1118
00:51:12,960 --> 00:51:18,539
evening another technique for which

1119
00:51:18,539 --> 00:51:20,220
Hollywood is famous is that of

1120
00:51:20,220 --> 00:51:22,890
miniaturization apparently huge

1121
00:51:22,890 --> 00:51:25,289
situations can be reproduced in a studio

1122
00:51:25,289 --> 00:51:28,799
small-scale down to the smallest detail

1123
00:51:28,799 --> 00:51:30,990
models are also regularly used in

1124
00:51:30,990 --> 00:51:33,450
Hollywood with great effectiveness

1125
00:51:33,450 --> 00:51:35,910
fact there are serious suspicions that

1126
00:51:35,910 --> 00:51:38,250
the images of the departure of the lunar module

1127
00:51:38,250 --> 00:51:40,650
of the moon were actually filmed in one

1128
00:51:40,650 --> 00:51:44,450
studio using small-scale models in

1129
00:51:44,450 --> 00:51:47,220
conclusion if we were to believe that

1130
00:51:47,220 --> 00:51:49,740
everything we see on a screen is really us

1131
00:51:49,740 --> 00:51:51,809
should also believe that New York

1132
00:51:51,809 --> 00:51:53,849
was inundated by a devastating tsunami

1133
00:51:53,849 --> 00:51:57,000
that giant gorillas can climb the

1134
00:51:57,000 --> 00:51:58,980
Empire State Building and that the

1135
00:51:58,980 --> 00:52:03,890
magical kingdom of Oz really exists

1136
00:52:06,740 --> 00:52:09,119
another proof of the moon landings

1137
00:52:09,119 --> 00:52:11,309
according to the NASA supporters, the

1138
00:52:11,309 --> 00:52:13,440
images from the lunar surface to the

1139
00:52:13,440 --> 00:52:15,990
Earth by unmanned probes in recent years

1140
00:52:15,990 --> 00:52:20,009
in 2009 the US probe Lunar

1141
00:52:20,009 --> 00:52:22,470
Reconnaissance Orbiter completed a full

1142
00:52:22,470 --> 00:52:24,630
transmit lunar surface mapping

1143
00:52:24,630 --> 00:52:26,849
back to the images of what is apparent

1144
00:52:26,849 --> 00:52:29,750
the landing sites of the Apollo missions

1145
00:52:29,750 --> 00:52:31,829
it is of course difficult to consider this one

1146
00:52:31,829 --> 00:52:33,900
images as an actual proof of the

1147
00:52:33,900 --> 00:52:36,779
landings when NASA itself is suspected

1148
00:52:36,779 --> 00:52:38,940
of faking the photos of

1149
00:52:38,940 --> 00:52:41,670
six full missions to the moon back in

1150
00:52:41,670 --> 00:52:45,029
the 60s today a child armed with Photoshop

1151
00:52:45,029 --> 00:52:47,220
could produce images similar to this one in

1152
00:52:47,220 --> 00:52:50,700
no more than half an hour anything

1153
00:52:50,700 --> 00:52:52,650
otherwise it is the case with the Japanese

1154
00:52:52,650 --> 00:52:57,000
probe Kaguya in 2008 scanned this probe

1155
00:52:57,000 --> 00:52:59,549
return the entire lunar surface

1156
00:52:59,549 --> 00:53:01,859
altimeter data that allows us to do that

1157
00:53:01,859 --> 00:53:04,349
recreate the exact morphology of the

1158
00:53:04,349 --> 00:53:06,319
lunar terrain on a computer

1159
00:53:06,319 --> 00:53:08,819
according to the debunkers the fact that

1160
00:53:08,819 --> 00:53:11,279
the images generated by Kaguya show a

1161
00:53:11,279 --> 00:53:13,319
terrain that is very similar to the terrain you see

1162
00:53:13,319 --> 00:53:15,390
the apollo photos prove that the

1163
00:53:15,390 --> 00:53:17,730
lunar missions were a real example

1164
00:53:17,730 --> 00:53:18,570
sometimes use

1165
00:53:18,570 --> 00:53:20,640
by the debunkers is Hadley's

1166
00:53:20,640 --> 00:53:23,340
really carved this great chasm on the

1167
00:53:23,340 --> 00:53:29,390
lunar surface where they are said to have landed

1168
00:53:45,530 --> 00:53:57,780
you know that in fact there is no mystery

1169
00:53:57,780 --> 00:54:01,320
not here at all as confirmed by this 1966

1170
00:54:01,320 --> 00:54:04,110
documentary NASA had already sent probes

1171
00:54:04,110 --> 00:54:06,060
to photograph the moon landing sites

1172
00:54:06,060 --> 00:54:08,310
up close far in front of the Apollo

1173
00:54:08,310 --> 00:54:12,390
missions had begun mapping the actual

1174
00:54:12,390 --> 00:54:14,580
landing sites for the astronauts is the

1175
00:54:14,580 --> 00:54:17,130
orbit of lunar orbiter two of the

1176
00:54:17,130 --> 00:54:19,710
850-pound satellites have orbited the

1177
00:54:19,710 --> 00:54:21,720
Moon photographing and wide mapping

1178
00:54:21,720 --> 00:54:25,020
areas sometimes sweep as low as 25

1179
00:54:25,020 --> 00:54:28,350
miles above the surface are some of these

1180
00:54:28,350 --> 00:54:30,210
the pictures pictures help

1181
00:54:30,210 --> 00:54:32,370
determine the height and inclination of the moon

1182
00:54:32,370 --> 00:54:35,310
mountains and the depth of craters

1183
00:54:35,310 --> 00:54:37,080
the picture had been accurate

1184
00:54:37,080 --> 00:54:39,660
surveys that NASA could have built

1185
00:54:39,660 --> 00:54:42,840
a giant moon sphere that replicated

1186
00:54:42,840 --> 00:54:45,240
the entire lunar surface and not most of it

1187
00:54:45,240 --> 00:54:47,460
detailed everything that would have been necessary for this

1188
00:54:47,460 --> 00:54:50,220
point was to film the moving surface of

1189
00:54:50,220 --> 00:54:52,290
this globe for example uses this

1190
00:54:52,290 --> 00:54:54,630
round rail to give the impression

1191
00:54:54,630 --> 00:54:58,610
really fly around the moon

1192
00:54:58,710 --> 00:55:01,359
further into the Hadley railway area

1193
00:55:01,359 --> 00:55:03,210
certain NASA had built one

1194
00:55:03,210 --> 00:55:05,890
three-dimensional model showing the

1195
00:55:05,890 --> 00:55:08,260
Apollo 15 landing site to the smallest

1196
00:55:08,260 --> 00:55:11,890
detail this three-dimensional model was

1197
00:55:11,890 --> 00:55:14,290
then hung upside down from a ceiling and

1198
00:55:14,290 --> 00:55:16,420
was illuminated by special lights

1199
00:55:16,420 --> 00:55:19,240
simulated the sunlight by filming the movie

1200
00:55:19,240 --> 00:55:21,400
model with this special camera that

1201
00:55:21,400 --> 00:55:23,140
could get a few inches closer

1202
00:55:23,140 --> 00:55:25,510
the surface that NASA could film

1203
00:55:25,510 --> 00:55:27,910
whole moon landing approach like it

1204
00:55:27,910 --> 00:55:30,640
were the real thing the pictures were sent

1205
00:55:30,640 --> 00:55:32,710
to make the monitors in the simulator

1206
00:55:32,710 --> 00:55:34,720
they look like real images from

1207
00:55:34,720 --> 00:55:37,480
the window of the lunar module this

1208
00:55:37,480 --> 00:55:40,060
NASA documentary explains how the

1209
00:55:40,060 --> 00:55:42,310
lunar landing simulator worked on the

1210
00:55:42,310 --> 00:55:43,599
to the left of the simulator is a

1211
00:55:43,599 --> 00:55:45,460
three-dimensional mosaic of the moon

1212
00:55:45,460 --> 00:55:48,369
surface via closed circuit

1213
00:55:48,369 --> 00:55:50,380
television presents the typical moon

1214
00:55:50,380 --> 00:55:52,869
landing displays marked by craters

1215
00:55:52,869 --> 00:55:56,320
hills and boulders that the mosaic gives

1216
00:55:56,320 --> 00:55:58,630
astronaut a realistic feel for his finale

1217
00:55:58,630 --> 00:56:01,810
landing approach lunar module movement is

1218
00:56:01,810 --> 00:56:03,790
simulated by moving the map up and down

1219
00:56:03,790 --> 00:56:06,760
for vertical movement a camera on a dolly

1220
00:56:06,760 --> 00:56:09,760
track provides lateral movement lights

1221
00:56:09,760 --> 00:56:12,040
around the camera lens simulating moon

1222
00:56:12,040 --> 00:56:14,410
lighting conditions with these two

1223
00:56:14,410 --> 00:56:16,810
simulators a crew can practice the basics

1224
00:56:16,810 --> 00:56:18,460
flight elements of the Apollo mission

1225
00:56:18,460 --> 00:56:20,470
of launch complex-2 landing on the

1226
00:56:20,470 --> 00:56:23,800
moon and return to earth as can be seen

1227
00:56:23,800 --> 00:56:26,710
the images produced by the simulator are

1228
00:56:26,710 --> 00:56:28,540
thus similar to that of the actual one

1229
00:56:28,540 --> 00:56:30,940
countries that support the first argument of the

1230
00:56:30,940 --> 00:56:32,589
debunkers can be rolled back

1231
00:56:32,589 --> 00:56:35,829
not only was NASA able to

1232
00:56:35,829 --> 00:56:38,290
exact morphology of the landing sites

1233
00:56:38,290 --> 00:56:40,359
the studio, but they could have it in fact

1234
00:56:40,359 --> 00:56:43,119
simulated the entire moon landing using

1235
00:56:43,119 --> 00:56:45,069
the images from their simulator

1236
00:56:45,069 --> 00:56:47,530
without actually having to go there

1237
00:56:47,530 --> 00:56:50,010
the moon

1238
00:56:52,600 --> 00:56:55,670
the ability to verify the moon

1239
00:56:55,670 --> 00:56:57,830
landing sites presented up close

1240
00:56:57,830 --> 00:57:01,220
itself in 2007 when Google released the

1241
00:57:01,220 --> 00:57:03,920
international competition Lunar XPrize

1242
00:57:03,920 --> 00:57:07,550
in this competition, Google offers a

1243
00:57:07,550 --> 00:57:10,160
prize of $30 million to the first

1244
00:57:10,160 --> 00:57:12,560
private organization that would land a country

1245
00:57:12,560 --> 00:57:14,660
probe on the moon with a robot capable

1246
00:57:14,660 --> 00:57:17,240
run at least 500 meters

1247
00:57:17,240 --> 00:57:20,390
send live images back to Earth

1248
00:57:20,390 --> 00:57:22,520
video and photos and send them back to

1249
00:57:22,520 --> 00:57:24,440
earth so we can all share what your

1250
00:57:24,440 --> 00:57:28,790
spacecraft can see more than 20 teams

1251
00:57:28,790 --> 00:57:30,890
from all over the world have announced this

1252
00:57:30,890 --> 00:57:32,860
they entered the competition

1253
00:57:32,860 --> 00:57:35,660
Google also made an extra

1254
00:57:35,660 --> 00:57:38,480
$4 million prize for each team

1255
00:57:38,480 --> 00:57:40,610
which could broadcast live

1256
00:57:40,610 --> 00:57:42,890
footage from one of the Apollo landings

1257
00:57:42,890 --> 00:57:45,680
sites on that point Astrobotic

1258
00:57:45,680 --> 00:57:47,960
technologies a company based in

1259
00:57:47,960 --> 00:57:50,090
Pittsburgh announced they were planning

1260
00:57:50,090 --> 00:57:52,400
visit the most famous landing place of

1261
00:57:52,400 --> 00:57:54,860
all those from Apollo 11

1262
00:57:54,860 --> 00:57:57,770
but NASA didn't seem too happy about it

1263
00:57:57,770 --> 00:58:00,800
this initiative and in 2011 they

1264
00:58:00,800 --> 00:58:02,920
officially requested a 2 kilometer

1265
00:58:02,920 --> 00:58:06,260
A no-fly zone must be set up all around

1266
00:58:06,260 --> 00:58:09,260
the Apollo landing sites the target

1267
00:58:09,260 --> 00:58:11,540
said NASA should keep the landing

1268
00:58:11,540 --> 00:58:14,420
sites of possible contamination NASA

1269
00:58:14,420 --> 00:58:17,120
is now taking steps to

1270
00:58:17,120 --> 00:58:19,250
steps they took decades ago on the

1271
00:58:19,250 --> 00:58:21,440
surface of the moon they protect

1272
00:58:21,440 --> 00:58:23,780
American landing sites on the moon free download

1273
00:58:23,780 --> 00:58:26,330
historical preservation presumably because

1274
00:58:26,330 --> 00:58:28,850
you never know who or what will go back

1275
00:58:28,850 --> 00:58:30,920
there and there are some missions

1276
00:58:30,920 --> 00:58:33,860
compete to go back with unmanned craft

1277
00:58:33,860 --> 00:58:36,170
they just wanted to clear the area

1278
00:58:36,170 --> 00:58:38,840
off-limits NASA's request must

1279
00:58:38,840 --> 00:58:40,370
are taken very seriously

1280
00:58:40,370 --> 00:58:42,950
because the participants suddenly decided

1281
00:58:42,950 --> 00:58:45,640
to waive a $4 million prize

1282
00:58:45,640 --> 00:58:49,670
from this 2012 article titled rocketeers

1283
00:58:49,670 --> 00:58:53,180
obeying the NASA lunar rules we can read

1284
00:58:53,180 --> 00:58:55,430
organizers of the $30 million

1285
00:58:55,430 --> 00:58:58,040
Google Lunar XPrize say their

1286
00:58:58,040 --> 00:59:00,410
participants will abide by NASA's call

1287
00:59:00,410 --> 00:59:02,630
to stay away from the Apollo landing

1288
00:59:02,630 --> 00:59:04,190
locations

1289
00:59:04,190 --> 00:59:06,530
the team's Pittsburgh-based Astrobotic

1290
00:59:06,530 --> 00:59:09,170
technology was about to end

1291
00:59:09,170 --> 00:59:11,390
look at Apollo 11s artifacts and

1292
00:59:11,390 --> 00:59:14,119
footprints, but President John Thornton

1293
00:59:14,119 --> 00:59:16,730
said the company has shifted its primary

1294
00:59:16,730 --> 00:59:20,180
target to the North Pole of the Moon

1295
00:59:20,180 --> 00:59:22,790
conclusion not only there is no factual

1296
00:59:22,790 --> 00:59:25,010
proof that man went to the moon but now

1297
00:59:25,010 --> 00:59:26,750
which we at least had the opportunity to do

1298
00:59:26,750 --> 00:59:28,640
viewing the landing sites from above

1299
00:59:28,640 --> 00:59:31,460
close The nASA has chosen to impose a no-fly zone

1300
00:59:31,460 --> 00:59:34,970
zone over these areas and stuff

1301
00:59:34,970 --> 00:59:37,339
just to keep some footprints

1302
00:59:37,339 --> 00:59:39,470
apparently no one ever will

1303
00:59:39,470 --> 00:59:45,349
anyway, now let's explore the most

1304
00:59:45,349 --> 00:59:47,480
important evidence against the moon

1305
00:59:47,480 --> 00:59:50,300
landings or the reasons why many people

1306
00:59:50,300 --> 00:59:52,480
don't believe we went to the moon

1307
00:59:52,480 --> 00:59:55,520
the first number and certainly one of them

1308
00:59:55,520 --> 00:59:57,829
the main thing is the problem of

1309
00:59:57,829 --> 01:00:00,710
radiation represented by the Van Allen

1310
01:00:00,710 --> 01:00:04,670
belts of earth is surrounded by two high

1311
01:00:04,670 --> 01:00:07,400
radioactive areas called the Van Allen

1312
01:00:07,400 --> 01:00:09,530
belts they were named after them

1313
01:00:09,530 --> 01:00:12,140
discoverer astrophysicist James Van

1314
01:00:12,140 --> 01:00:15,170
All these belts are located between a

1315
01:00:15,170 --> 01:00:18,280
minimum 1,000 miles and maximum

1316
01:00:18,280 --> 01:00:20,750
25,000 miles from the surface of the

1317
01:00:20,750 --> 01:00:23,300
earth to this day every

1318
01:00:23,300 --> 01:00:25,310
mission with men aboard the

1319
01:00:25,310 --> 01:00:27,230
American Gemini to the Russian Soyuz

1320
01:00:27,230 --> 01:00:29,210
from the space shuttle to the

1321
01:00:29,210 --> 01:00:31,550
International Space Station held

1322
01:00:31,550 --> 01:00:33,829
far below this dangerous area of

1323
01:00:33,829 --> 01:00:36,770
radiation rotates in what is called layer

1324
01:00:36,770 --> 01:00:40,430
The only men in history revolve around the earth

1325
01:00:40,430 --> 01:00:42,290
are said to have once crossed the Van

1326
01:00:42,290 --> 01:00:44,660
Allen belts are the astronauts of the

1327
01:00:44,660 --> 01:00:47,690
Apollo missions do this crossing, however

1328
01:00:47,690 --> 01:00:50,359
poses some problems that apparently have

1329
01:00:50,359 --> 01:00:53,390
unresolved to this day, let's take it

1330
01:00:53,390 --> 01:00:55,339
a glimpse into the history of the Van

1331
01:00:55,339 --> 01:00:58,060
Hex straps

1332
01:00:59,500 --> 01:01:03,200
in January 1958 the United States

1333
01:01:03,200 --> 01:01:05,420
launched their first satellite Explorer

1334
01:01:05,420 --> 01:01:06,170

1335
01:01:06,170 --> 01:01:08,750
this satellite carried something special

1336
01:01:08,750 --> 01:01:11,180
instruments designed by scientist James

1337
01:01:11,180 --> 01:01:13,280
Van Allen whose goal was to measure

1338
01:01:13,280 --> 01:01:16,790
radioactivity in the space that the satellite had

1339
01:01:16,790 --> 01:01:18,710
launched along an eccentric orbit

1340
01:01:18,710 --> 01:01:21,440
ranging from a minimum height of 200

1341
01:01:21,440 --> 01:01:25,820
miles up to a maximum of 1,600 miles thanks

1342
01:01:25,820 --> 01:01:28,400
on this eccentricity Van Allen made one

1343
01:01:28,400 --> 01:01:30,500
double surprising discovery

1344
01:01:30,500 --> 01:01:33,770
not only did the radioactivity increase as

1345
01:01:33,770 --> 01:01:35,930
we went away from the earth but beyond a

1346
01:01:35,930 --> 01:01:37,400
certain point the Geiger counter

1347
01:01:37,400 --> 01:01:39,980
suddenly dropped to zero before resuming

1348
01:01:39,980 --> 01:01:43,670
normal operation so James Van

1349
01:01:43,670 --> 01:01:46,310
Allen describes that experience and me

1350
01:01:46,310 --> 01:01:48,620
started to understand what was going on

1351
01:01:48,620 --> 01:01:50,600
here because we had parts of this

1352
01:01:50,600 --> 01:01:52,360
orbit when it came down at low altitude

1353
01:01:52,360 --> 01:01:55,940
which looked very normal, then we had one

1354
01:01:55,940 --> 01:01:59,150
very fast change very fast increase in

1355
01:01:59,150 --> 01:02:01,790
cutting speed and then it fell back to

1356
01:02:01,790 --> 01:02:04,790
nothing and then a few minutes later

1357
01:02:04,790 --> 01:02:07,010
it went from nothing to a very

1358
01:02:07,010 --> 01:02:08,570
high rate and then reduced to one

1359
01:02:08,570 --> 01:02:11,000
normal value and this pattern was

1360
01:02:11,000 --> 01:02:12,950
repetitively it seemed to be systematic

1361
01:02:12,950 --> 01:02:15,080
pattern the reason for the sudden drop

1362
01:02:15,080 --> 01:02:17,480
to zero was due to the fact that the

1363
01:02:17,480 --> 01:02:20,150
radiation became so intense over a

1364
01:02:20,150 --> 01:02:22,160
certain height indicated by the Geiger counter

1365
01:02:22,160 --> 01:02:26,030
just went off scale and now we jump

1366
01:02:26,030 --> 01:02:28,670
above 600 miles and we'll see what

1367
01:02:28,670 --> 01:02:30,140
happens when we get closer to the source

1368
01:02:30,140 --> 01:02:32,540
of radiation oh there goes back down

1369
01:02:32,540 --> 01:02:36,560
zero yes yes the transition said yes it

1370
01:02:36,560 --> 01:02:39,030
went in something was wrong

1371
01:02:39,030 --> 01:02:42,420
and then to zero, of course

1372
01:02:42,420 --> 01:02:45,810
that encountered intense variation

1373
01:02:45,810 --> 01:02:47,970
was the discovery of the so-called Van

1374
01:02:47,970 --> 01:02:50,850
All radiation belts to donut-shaped

1375
01:02:50,850 --> 01:02:53,160
bands in the magnetosphere

1376
01:02:53,160 --> 01:02:55,800
protect life on our planet by capturing

1377
01:02:55,800 --> 01:02:57,840
the most dangerous radiation comes from

1378
01:02:57,840 --> 01:03:01,770
space in 1959 Van Allen wrote our

1379
01:03:01,770 --> 01:03:05,280
planet is surrounded by a region to be exact

1380
01:03:05,280 --> 01:03:07,910
to areas with high energy radiation

1381
01:03:07,910 --> 01:03:10,650
extending over many thousands of kilometers

1382
01:03:10,650 --> 01:03:13,080
space is the discovery of course

1383
01:03:13,080 --> 01:03:15,840
somehow disturbing for astronauts

1384
01:03:15,840 --> 01:03:17,880
the human body will have to be shielded

1385
01:03:17,880 --> 01:03:20,910
this radiation even on a fast transit

1386
01:03:20,910 --> 01:03:24,150
by the region later Van Allen

1387
01:03:24,150 --> 01:03:26,250
published another article called the

1388
01:03:26,250 --> 01:03:29,370
danger zone earth is deadly wrapped

1389
01:03:29,370 --> 01:03:32,250
radiation belts that speak of the inner

1390
01:03:32,250 --> 01:03:35,040
belt that Van Allen wrote thanks to the greats

1391
01:03:35,040 --> 01:03:37,860
permeability of the high-energy protons

1392
01:03:37,860 --> 01:03:40,680
there in effective shielding is free

1393
01:03:40,680 --> 01:03:43,440
beyond technical feasibility in the

1394
01:03:43,440 --> 01:03:46,080
near future the article closed by

1395
01:03:46,080 --> 01:03:48,840
saying all human spaceflight attempts

1396
01:03:48,840 --> 01:03:51,510
should stay away from these two tires of

1397
01:03:51,510 --> 01:03:53,670
radiation until sufficient resources are available

1398
01:03:53,670 --> 01:03:55,530
protecting the astronauts

1399
01:03:55,530 --> 01:03:58,860
developed this film from California

1400
01:03:58,860 --> 01:04:01,650
Academy of Sciences also underlines the

1401
01:04:01,650 --> 01:04:03,690
need to protect astronauts through the

1402
01:04:03,690 --> 01:04:06,060
radiation belts that are openly mentioned

1403
01:04:06,060 --> 01:04:08,850
as deadly as Earth's existence

1404
01:04:08,850 --> 01:04:12,030
radiation belts presents a very serious

1405
01:04:12,030 --> 01:04:14,700
danger to future space travel what is

1406
01:04:14,700 --> 01:04:16,440
the intensity of this radiation

1407
01:04:16,440 --> 01:04:17,520
it consists of

1408
01:04:17,520 --> 01:04:20,220
how much shielding will the first space be

1409
01:04:20,220 --> 01:04:21,930
travelers need to get through

1410
01:04:21,930 --> 01:04:24,210
these deadly areas of radiation safe

1411
01:04:24,210 --> 01:04:27,120
the need to develop new technologies

1412
01:04:27,120 --> 01:04:29,370
protecting men from radiation

1413
01:04:29,370 --> 01:04:31,500
clearly recognized by President Kennedy

1414
01:04:31,500 --> 01:04:34,230
third medical space research is allowed

1415
01:04:34,230 --> 01:04:37,140
lead to new protection against hazards

1416
01:04:37,140 --> 01:04:40,290
peacefully common in many environments

1417
01:04:40,290 --> 01:04:42,300
our astronauts will fundamentally need it

1418
01:04:42,300 --> 01:04:44,730
new devices protect them from the sick

1419
01:04:44,730 --> 01:04:48,150
effects of radiation also the Soviets

1420
01:04:48,150 --> 01:04:50,880
feared the effects of radiation in the open air

1421
01:04:50,880 --> 01:04:52,549
room

1422
01:04:52,549 --> 01:04:56,670
dear, sir, of course

1423
01:04:56,670 --> 01:04:58,200
were afraid to go into the unknown

1424
01:04:58,200 --> 01:05:02,160
of course we were afraid of space

1425
01:05:02,160 --> 01:05:04,349
had no idea how man would be affected

1426
01:05:04,349 --> 01:05:06,839
we suspected that because of the radiation

1427
01:05:06,839 --> 01:05:08,430
possibly the radiation could even

1428
01:05:08,430 --> 01:05:10,470
penetrate through the vessel itself

1429
01:05:10,470 --> 01:05:13,440
fact that NASA had dealt with the problem properly

1430
01:05:13,440 --> 01:05:15,809
seriously developing a system to study

1431
01:05:15,809 --> 01:05:17,849
human tolerance to the consequences of

1432
01:05:17,849 --> 01:05:20,640
radiation at Kirtland Air Force Base New

1433
01:05:20,640 --> 01:05:24,089
Mexico development of a plastic man with

1434
01:05:24,089 --> 01:05:26,220
the same atomic composition as humans

1435
01:05:26,220 --> 01:05:29,250
tissue allowed scientists to be accurate

1436
01:05:29,250 --> 01:05:31,140
determine the deaths from radiation

1437
01:05:31,140 --> 01:05:34,020
penetration as well as doses without

1438
01:05:34,020 --> 01:05:38,039
actual human exposure, but one more thing

1439
01:05:38,039 --> 01:05:40,650
curiously happened when the time to launch

1440
01:05:40,650 --> 01:05:42,690
the first astronauts to the moon

1441
01:05:42,690 --> 01:05:45,450
the problem of radiation came magically

1442
01:05:45,450 --> 01:05:47,940
seemed to disappear without developing

1443
01:05:47,940 --> 01:05:49,980
a certain protection method and

1444
01:05:49,980 --> 01:05:51,539
without even sending a monkey

1445
01:05:51,539 --> 01:05:54,900
by the radioactive bands in 1968

1446
01:05:54,900 --> 01:05:57,059
the Apollo 8 mission was launched

1447
01:05:57,059 --> 01:05:59,970
towards the moon it would have been the

1448
01:05:59,970 --> 01:06:01,950
first human mission to cross the Van

1449
01:06:01,950 --> 01:06:05,010
Allen belts the ship with the three

1450
01:06:05,010 --> 01:06:07,589
astronauts only had a very thin aluminum

1451
01:06:07,589 --> 01:06:09,779
without specific protection

1452
01:06:09,779 --> 01:06:12,569
against any radiation no no de

1453
01:06:12,569 --> 01:06:15,000
walls of the craft were made as thin and

1454
01:06:15,000 --> 01:06:17,609
light possibly the Apollo capsule

1455
01:06:17,609 --> 01:06:22,410
itself was made unusually thin

1456
01:06:22,410 --> 01:06:25,770
fact that at first they could not even carry

1457
01:06:25,770 --> 01:06:29,549
enough air inside to be the equivalent

1458
01:06:29,549 --> 01:06:31,529
to sea level air pressure, they ran on a

1459
01:06:31,529 --> 01:06:32,880
reduced pressure to be able

1460
01:06:32,880 --> 01:06:35,369
make the walls thinner Frank Borman Jim

1461
01:06:35,369 --> 01:06:37,770
Lovell and Bill Anders were the first

1462
01:06:37,770 --> 01:06:40,200
three people who once talked about the

1463
01:06:40,200 --> 01:06:42,750
radiation belts and yet during their

1464
01:06:42,750 --> 01:06:44,970
journey to the moon that seemed to be crossing over

1465
01:06:44,970 --> 01:06:47,460
these are the least of their worries

1466
01:06:47,460 --> 01:06:49,470
the three astronauts broadcast

1467
01:06:49,470 --> 01:06:51,180
somewhere halfway between Earth and

1468
01:06:51,180 --> 01:06:53,779
the moon

1469
01:06:54,200 --> 01:06:57,029
it seems that is the most interesting

1470
01:06:57,029 --> 01:06:58,980
to talk about is the behavior of the

1471
01:06:58,980 --> 01:07:02,599
toothbrush without gravity

1472
01:07:03,060 --> 01:07:05,250
[Applause]

1473
01:07:05,250 --> 01:07:09,790
in the Apollo 8 mission report a 250

1474
01:07:09,790 --> 01:07:11,740
page document filled with technical

1475
01:07:11,740 --> 01:07:13,570
any kind of information about the

1476
01:07:13,570 --> 01:07:15,609
mission has just completed the crossing of

1477
01:07:15,609 --> 01:07:17,470
the Van Allen belts are not mentioned

1478
01:07:17,470 --> 01:07:20,950
once not even casually it was as if

1479
01:07:20,950 --> 01:07:23,320
the problem of radiation with all

1480
01:07:23,320 --> 01:07:25,869
dangers described by Van Alen suddenly

1481
01:07:25,869 --> 01:07:29,710
never existed after Apollo 8

1482
01:07:29,710 --> 01:07:31,480
eight missions followed the same route

1483
01:07:31,480 --> 01:07:33,850
each crossing twice one on the way out

1484
01:07:33,850 --> 01:07:35,980
and one on the way back the Van Allen

1485
01:07:35,980 --> 01:07:38,650
radiation belts some debunkers

1486
01:07:38,650 --> 01:07:40,570
claimed the problem with the Van

1487
01:07:40,570 --> 01:07:42,670
Allen belts was solved by making a plot

1488
01:07:42,670 --> 01:07:45,400
exit and return course that would avoid

1489
01:07:45,400 --> 01:07:48,550
the thickest radiation area in this

1490
01:07:48,550 --> 01:07:50,950
see the unmasking website Clavius

1491
01:07:50,950 --> 01:07:53,830
writes that the Apollo navigators plotted a

1492
01:07:53,830 --> 01:07:55,720
naturally through the thinnest parts of the

1493
01:07:55,720 --> 01:07:58,030
belts each mission flew a little

1494
01:07:58,030 --> 01:08:00,220
trajectory other than the orbital

1495
01:08:00,220 --> 01:08:02,109
slope of the trans luna coast

1496
01:08:02,109 --> 01:08:04,030
trajectory was always in the

1497
01:08:04,030 --> 01:08:06,730
near 30 degrees a spacecraft

1498
01:08:06,730 --> 01:08:09,040
avoid following that trajectory

1499
01:08:09,040 --> 01:08:11,619
all but the edges of the Van Allen belts

1500
01:08:11,619 --> 01:08:16,210
activist mo. also wrote in his book

1501
01:08:16,210 --> 01:08:18,310
get around it or to cross the less

1502
01:08:18,310 --> 01:08:20,500
intense zone you just need to follow one

1503
01:08:20,500 --> 01:08:23,020
inclined path that was done by everyone

1504
01:08:23,020 --> 01:08:25,450
Apollo vehicles both on their way out and

1505
01:08:25,450 --> 01:08:28,779
on the way back but this statement is

1506
01:08:28,779 --> 01:08:31,390
contradicted by NASA itself, for example

1507
01:08:31,390 --> 01:08:34,420
regarding the Apollo 14 mission NASA

1508
01:08:34,420 --> 01:08:36,600
prescribes the translunar injection

1509
01:08:36,600 --> 01:08:39,189
track laid closer to the plane of

1510
01:08:39,189 --> 01:08:41,649
the geomagnetic equator than that of

1511
01:08:41,649 --> 01:08:43,540
previous flights and therefore a

1512
01:08:43,540 --> 01:08:45,910
spacecraft traveled through the heart of

1513
01:08:45,910 --> 01:08:49,210
the enclosed radiation belts despite this

1514
01:08:49,210 --> 01:08:51,759
nASA has always rejected radiation

1515
01:08:51,759 --> 01:08:54,040
problem with publishing data on doses

1516
01:08:54,040 --> 01:08:55,899
reportedly received by the astronauts

1517
01:08:55,899 --> 01:08:59,200
well below the hazard levels herein

1518
01:08:59,200 --> 01:08:59,738
greeting

1519
01:08:59,738 --> 01:09:02,799
NASA wrote that Apollo astronauts were doses

1520
01:09:02,799 --> 01:09:05,290
negligible in terms of medical or

1521
01:09:05,290 --> 01:09:07,359
biological effects that could have

1522
01:09:07,359 --> 01:09:09,250
reduced human function in the

1523
01:09:09,250 --> 01:09:12,430
space environment in fact according to

1524
01:09:12,430 --> 01:09:14,620
the debunkers al luna mission

1525
01:09:14,620 --> 01:09:16,630
of a few days like the Apollo missions

1526
01:09:16,630 --> 01:09:19,060
entails total radiation equivalent

1527
01:09:19,060 --> 01:09:22,660
to one x-ray or three years of life

1528
01:09:22,660 --> 01:09:26,109
problem solved for heaven's sake then of course

1529
01:09:26,109 --> 01:09:28,720
Van Alen must have been mistaken when he

1530
01:09:28,720 --> 01:09:29,890
said it would have been necessary

1531
01:09:29,890 --> 01:09:32,109
to protect the astronauts through the

1532
01:09:32,109 --> 01:09:34,899
radiation belts, even with rapid transit

1533
01:09:34,899 --> 01:09:37,600
at this point, however, by the region

1534
01:09:37,600 --> 01:09:40,180
we are puzzled if it is true

1535
01:09:40,180 --> 01:09:41,859
that the problem was so brilliant

1536
01:09:41,859 --> 01:09:44,319
solved in the 60s why are the Van Allen

1537
01:09:44,319 --> 01:09:46,600
seat belts are now again called dangerous

1538
01:09:46,600 --> 01:09:48,340
that NASA wants to travel to the moon

1539
01:09:48,340 --> 01:09:50,770
at the Orion project my name is Kelly

1540
01:09:50,770 --> 01:09:52,600
Smith and I are working on navigation and

1541
01:09:52,600 --> 01:09:55,750
guidance for Orion we're on our way to 3,600

1542
01:09:55,750 --> 01:10:00,070
miles above the earth 15 times higher from

1543
01:10:00,070 --> 01:10:01,540
the planet than international space

1544
01:10:01,540 --> 01:10:04,300
Station as we get further away

1545
01:10:04,300 --> 01:10:06,280
Earth we will pass through the Van Allen

1546
01:10:06,280 --> 01:10:11,640
belts an area of ​​hazardous radiation

1547
01:10:12,570 --> 01:10:14,710
radiation such as this can harm the

1548
01:10:14,710 --> 01:10:16,810
guidance systems on-board computers or

1549
01:10:16,810 --> 01:10:19,660
other electronics on Orion of course us

1550
01:10:19,660 --> 01:10:20,920
pass through this danger zone

1551
01:10:20,920 --> 01:10:25,770
twice, once up and once back

1552
01:10:26,179 --> 01:10:29,390
but Orion has a protective shield

1553
01:10:29,390 --> 01:10:31,159
are put to the test as the vehicle cuts

1554
01:10:31,159 --> 01:10:33,530
by the waves of radiation sensors

1555
01:10:33,530 --> 01:10:35,630
on board will register radiation levels for

1556
01:10:35,630 --> 01:10:38,060
scientists to study we need to solve these

1557
01:10:38,060 --> 01:10:39,560
challenges before we send people on

1558
01:10:39,560 --> 01:10:43,280
this area of ​​space what does it mean

1559
01:10:43,280 --> 01:10:46,010
we need to solve these challenges before we

1560
01:10:46,010 --> 01:10:47,900
send people through this part of space

1561
01:10:47,900 --> 01:10:51,679
in the 1960s the radiation captured by

1562
01:10:51,679 --> 01:10:53,690
the astronauts was the equivalent of one

1563
01:10:53,690 --> 01:10:56,390
simple x-ray and today we have to solve

1564
01:10:56,390 --> 01:10:58,550
these challenges before we sent people

1565
01:10:58,550 --> 01:11:01,670
through this region of space we are thus

1566
01:11:01,670 --> 01:11:04,429
faced with a puzzling situation to

1567
01:11:04,429 --> 01:11:07,219
In 1968, the Van Allen belts were considered

1568
01:11:07,219 --> 01:11:09,260
very dangerous by the scientific

1569
01:11:09,260 --> 01:11:11,690
community in general than during the

1570
01:11:11,690 --> 01:11:12,590
Apollo missions

1571
01:11:12,590 --> 01:11:14,420
they were suddenly no longer dangerous

1572
01:11:14,420 --> 01:11:17,210
and could be safely crossed while inside

1573
01:11:17,210 --> 01:11:19,370
lately they have gone back

1574
01:11:19,370 --> 01:11:22,429
considered very dangerous, even modern

1575
01:11:22,429 --> 01:11:25,310
astronauts strangely admit that we are

1576
01:11:25,310 --> 01:11:27,500
currently unable to go beyond the

1577
01:11:27,500 --> 01:11:29,929
low earth orbit and that maybe one day

1578
01:11:29,929 --> 01:11:32,330
maybe we can reach the moon

1579
01:11:32,330 --> 01:11:35,330
other planets plan that nASA has

1580
01:11:35,330 --> 01:11:38,540
build a rocket called SLS, which is a heavy one

1581
01:11:38,540 --> 01:11:40,460
elevator rocket it's something that is

1582
01:11:40,460 --> 01:11:41,810
is much bigger than what we have today

1583
01:11:41,810 --> 01:11:44,449
and it will be able to launch the Orion

1584
01:11:44,449 --> 01:11:47,290
capsule with people on board as well

1585
01:11:47,290 --> 01:11:51,590
Landers or other components - through two

1586
01:11:51,590 --> 01:11:53,300
destinations beyond Earth orbit on the right

1587
01:11:53,300 --> 01:11:55,730
now we can only fly in orbit

1588
01:11:55,730 --> 01:11:57,320
that's the farthest we can go

1589
01:11:57,320 --> 01:11:58,820
this new system that we are building

1590
01:11:58,820 --> 01:12:00,620
will enable us to go beyond and

1591
01:12:00,620 --> 01:12:02,420
hopefully bring people to the sun

1592
01:12:02,420 --> 01:12:04,880
system to explore the moon Mars

1593
01:12:04,880 --> 01:12:06,890
asteroids, there are many destinations

1594
01:12:06,890 --> 01:12:08,929
where we can go and we are building

1595
01:12:08,929 --> 01:12:11,210
these building block components in order

1596
01:12:11,210 --> 01:12:12,560
to finally let us do that

1597
01:12:12,560 --> 01:12:15,290
and certainly this interview with

1598
01:12:15,290 --> 01:12:17,390
The fact that astronaut is Allen doesn't help us

1599
01:12:17,390 --> 01:12:20,330
clarify the situation as a crew member

1600
01:12:20,330 --> 01:12:22,520
of the Apollo 12 mission radius

1601
01:12:22,520 --> 01:12:24,920
theoretically one of the few people

1602
01:12:24,920 --> 01:12:26,600
creatures that once crossed the Van

1603
01:12:26,600 --> 01:12:29,239
Allen keys and yet he is not alone

1604
01:12:29,239 --> 01:12:31,520
sure I ever reached them, but within

1605
01:12:31,520 --> 01:12:32,929
fact that he doesn't even know where the

1606
01:12:32,929 --> 01:12:34,880
belts are located any ill effects of it

1607
01:12:34,880 --> 01:12:39,290
the Van Allen radiation belts no no I am

1608
01:12:39,290 --> 01:12:42,200
sure we went far enough to do

1609
01:12:42,200 --> 01:12:44,630
encountering the Van Allen radiation belt

1610
01:12:44,630 --> 01:12:46,880
maybe we did and listened to beans

1611
01:12:46,880 --> 01:12:48,950
replied when told that the Van

1612
01:12:48,950 --> 01:12:51,050
Allen straps are located between the

1613
01:12:51,050 --> 01:12:53,720
earth and the moon, the belts are 1,000

1614
01:12:53,720 --> 01:12:57,560
miles to 25,000 miles above the earth we

1615
01:12:57,560 --> 01:12:59,780
then we went right through it

1616
01:12:59,780 --> 01:13:02,420
a curious response indeed

1617
01:13:02,420 --> 01:13:04,790
activism due himself wrote in his book

1618
01:13:04,790 --> 01:13:07,280
all astronauts are trained in plotting

1619
01:13:07,280 --> 01:13:10,070
rendezvous and trajectories through

1620
01:13:10,070 --> 01:13:12,680
using a ruler and in orientation

1621
01:13:12,680 --> 01:13:15,800
we really have to believe the use of the stars

1622
01:13:15,800 --> 01:13:18,050
that one of the few astronauts to have that

1623
01:13:18,050 --> 01:13:19,880
not even about the Van Allen belts

1624
01:13:19,880 --> 01:13:23,060
know where they are or maybe Alan Bean

1625
01:13:23,060 --> 01:13:25,400
in a moment of distraction led to one

1626
01:13:25,400 --> 01:13:27,710
inconvenient truth accidentally slips out

1627
01:13:27,710 --> 01:13:30,680
I'm not sure we went far enough

1628
01:13:30,680 --> 01:13:32,960
to encounter the Van Allen radiation

1629
01:13:32,960 --> 01:13:37,340
belt question can you explain why NASA

1630
01:13:37,340 --> 01:13:39,950
despite everything Van Allen had written

1631
01:13:39,950 --> 01:13:42,500
about the dangers of radiation

1632
01:13:42,500 --> 01:13:44,960
first astronauts by the radioactive

1633
01:13:44,960 --> 01:13:47,300
belts without specific protection

1634
01:13:47,300 --> 01:13:49,220
and without first sending a monkey

1635
01:13:49,220 --> 01:13:51,440
to evaluate the effects of

1636
01:13:51,440 --> 01:13:53,990
radiation on a biological organism as

1637
01:13:53,990 --> 01:13:57,110
complex as human beings, as it were

1638
01:13:57,110 --> 01:13:57,770
WHERE

1639
01:13:57,770 --> 01:13:59,960
as the debunkers claimed that a

1640
01:13:59,960 --> 01:14:01,610
luna mission includes in total

1641
01:14:01,610 --> 01:14:03,680
radiation equivalent to an X-ray

1642
01:14:03,680 --> 01:14:06,110
why is NASA describing the Van today

1643
01:14:06,110 --> 01:14:08,630
Allen belts as a dangerous area

1644
01:14:08,630 --> 01:14:11,930
radiation if true, like NASA

1645
01:14:11,930 --> 01:14:14,210
states that during the journey to the

1646
01:14:14,210 --> 01:14:17,060
moon 50 years ago the astronaut dosed

1647
01:14:17,060 --> 01:14:19,670
were negligible why states NASA

1648
01:14:19,670 --> 01:14:21,980
today regarding the Van Allen belts

1649
01:14:21,980 --> 01:14:24,920
that we need to solve these challenges

1650
01:14:24,920 --> 01:14:27,260
before we send people through here

1651
01:14:27,260 --> 01:14:30,410
region of space how is it possible that

1652
01:14:30,410 --> 01:14:32,720
one of the few astronauts he has

1653
01:14:32,720 --> 01:14:35,090
ever crossed the Van Allen belts, no

1654
01:14:35,090 --> 01:14:37,340
even know where they are and even doubt

1655
01:14:37,340 --> 01:14:39,890
gone far enough to meet

1656
01:14:39,890 --> 01:14:43,090
the Van Allen belts

1657
01:14:44,410 --> 01:14:47,360
now let's discuss the actual moon

1658
01:14:47,360 --> 01:14:50,300
landings we will start by examining the

1659
01:14:50,300 --> 01:14:52,700
moon spaceship or land that has

1660
01:14:52,700 --> 01:14:55,340
reportedly brought 12 astronauts to walk

1661
01:14:55,340 --> 01:14:57,230
on the surface of the moon in the course

1662
01:14:57,230 --> 01:15:00,320
from six different missions the lamp or

1663
01:15:00,320 --> 01:15:02,600
lunar module is the vehicle that was

1664
01:15:02,600 --> 01:15:04,460
designed to take astronauts to the

1665
01:15:04,460 --> 01:15:07,130
surface of the moon, but this land

1666
01:15:07,130 --> 01:15:09,890
raises so many questions that many doubt

1667
01:15:09,890 --> 01:15:11,750
this vehicle has actually ever achieved

1668
01:15:11,750 --> 01:15:14,210
the moon they suspect that this is only one

1669
01:15:14,210 --> 01:15:16,610
mock-up model sitting on a film set

1670
01:15:16,610 --> 01:15:18,100
instead of

1671
01:15:18,100 --> 01:15:20,470
seen from a distance, the LEM appears

1672
01:15:20,470 --> 01:15:23,230
like a technological marvel, but agree we

1673
01:15:23,230 --> 01:15:25,360
come close we realize it looks

1674
01:15:25,360 --> 01:15:28,000
more like a mock-up model somehow

1675
01:15:28,000 --> 01:15:30,010
along with steel pipes and Pappy

1676
01:15:30,010 --> 01:15:32,350
Amash one held together with simple scotch

1677
01:15:32,350 --> 01:16:00,040
tape one that immediately catches the eye

1678
01:16:00,040 --> 01:16:01,810
the large amounts of adhesive tape

1679
01:16:01,810 --> 01:16:04,420
haphazardly placed here and there as if

1680
01:16:04,420 --> 01:16:07,060
it was a last minute job

1681
01:16:07,060 --> 01:16:08,890
temperatures that can reach over 200

1682
01:16:08,890 --> 01:16:11,380
degrees in the sun does not look like one

1683
01:16:11,380 --> 01:16:15,120
smart idea you put tape everywhere

1684
01:16:15,120 --> 01:16:18,250
however, the debunkers claimed that there

1685
01:16:18,250 --> 01:16:53,230
is a specific reason for using it

1686
01:16:53,230 --> 01:16:55,540
explanation does not stand up to scrutiny as

1687
01:16:55,540 --> 01:16:58,540
you could tell the lamb was full of metal

1688
01:16:58,540 --> 01:17:01,330
rivets everywhere so there is none

1689
01:17:01,330 --> 01:17:03,250
explanation for the sloppiness in the

1690
01:17:03,250 --> 01:17:05,230
construction of the lunar module with

1691
01:17:05,230 --> 01:17:07,090
the motors covered with aluminum foil

1692
01:17:07,090 --> 01:17:09,670
the remote panel isn't even lined up

1693
01:17:09,670 --> 01:17:11,830
with each other and the adhesive tape that

1694
01:17:11,830 --> 01:17:13,990
seems to have just been added at the last minute

1695
01:17:13,990 --> 01:17:15,640
save the collectibles that would

1696
01:17:15,640 --> 01:17:17,140
otherwise fall apart

1697
01:17:17,140 --> 01:17:19,870
the lunar module cost more than two billion

1698
01:17:19,870 --> 01:17:21,730
dollars at the time the

1699
01:17:21,730 --> 01:17:23,740
equivalent to $21 billion

1700
01:17:23,740 --> 01:17:27,580
in the currency of 2016 we really have to believe

1701
01:17:27,580 --> 01:17:29,890
what NASA spent all this money on

1702
01:17:29,890 --> 01:17:31,720
send a vehicle covered in loose

1703
01:17:31,720 --> 01:17:37,780
of cardboard the space in the second

1704
01:17:37,780 --> 01:17:39,910
problem of the lamb is that there

1705
01:17:39,910 --> 01:17:42,160
is not a crater in the sand caused by the

1706
01:17:42,160 --> 01:17:44,610
jet of the engine during landing

1707
01:17:44,610 --> 01:17:47,260
according to the debunkers this crater

1708
01:17:47,260 --> 01:17:49,570
shouldn't exist at all because it's lamb

1709
01:17:49,570 --> 01:17:52,180
uses very little power when it lands

1710
01:17:52,180 --> 01:17:54,580
they say and it does so on a rock

1711
01:17:54,580 --> 01:17:57,130
volcanic surface, so la Luna

1712
01:17:57,130 --> 01:18:00,460
solutions of gravity' empezó que

1713
01:18:00,460 --> 01:18:02,440
debe ser sostenuto da Amadora you say

1714
01:18:02,440 --> 01:18:04,570
Stoke Windy La La's Pinta Collapse Question

1715
01:18:04,570 --> 01:18:07,060
Erica to Salter animal to modesta Nansha

1716
01:18:07,060 --> 01:18:09,670
motivo d produ ron criterion height

1717
01:18:09,670 --> 01:18:11,740
super feature wrote Rosa the rocks of

1718
01:18:11,740 --> 01:18:13,810
volcanic a common koala de la Luna

1719
01:18:13,810 --> 01:18:15,220
but the surface where the lamb

1720
01:18:15,220 --> 01:18:17,860
supposedly landed is not rocky at all

1721
01:18:17,860 --> 01:18:21,040
as activist emo claims Neil Armstrong

1722
01:18:21,040 --> 01:18:23,350
himself refutes the statement when he

1723
01:18:23,350 --> 01:18:25,810
describes a fine-grained, almost powdery

1724
01:18:25,810 --> 01:18:36,790
surface instead is a similar comment

1725
01:18:36,790 --> 01:18:38,650
created by Alan Shepard one of the

1726
01:18:38,650 --> 01:18:46,510
Apollo 14 astronauts James Irwin

1727
01:18:46,510 --> 01:18:49,570
from Apollo 15 even describes a layer of

1728
01:18:49,570 --> 01:18:52,510
soft soil about six inches deep around

1729
01:18:52,510 --> 01:19:05,740
the LEM footpads in fact during the

1730
01:19:05,740 --> 01:19:08,050
landing approach we can clearly see

1731
01:19:08,050 --> 01:19:10,510
large amounts of dust are blown away

1732
01:19:10,510 --> 01:19:15,340
by the lens engine, but then why is there

1733
01:19:15,340 --> 01:19:18,640
no cavity under this animation

1734
01:19:18,640 --> 01:19:21,070
helps us better understand what should

1735
01:19:21,070 --> 01:19:22,780
happened during the landing on the

1736
01:19:22,780 --> 01:19:24,900
Moon

1737
01:19:27,270 --> 01:19:30,220
just like this leaf blower that blows

1738
01:19:30,220 --> 01:19:32,320
remove the dust on the surface and reveal

1739
01:19:32,320 --> 01:19:34,750
the hard rock below we would expect

1740
01:19:34,750 --> 01:19:36,820
to see a hollow in the sand below the

1741
01:19:36,820 --> 01:19:39,190
LEM reveals the hard terrain beneath the

1742
01:19:39,190 --> 01:19:43,090
surface but the cavity is not there

1743
01:19:43,090 --> 01:19:45,070
animation shows the landing of the

1744
01:19:45,070 --> 01:19:47,380
Phoenix probe on Mars that took place

1745
01:19:47,380 --> 01:19:51,400
in 2008 as one can also see the Phoenix

1746
01:19:51,400 --> 01:19:53,650
uses missiles to land on the surface of

1747
01:19:53,650 --> 01:19:56,080
the planet and these are the real ones

1748
01:19:56,080 --> 01:19:58,600
images sent back to Earth by the Phoenix

1749
01:19:58,600 --> 01:20:01,300
after it landed as one could see

1750
01:20:01,300 --> 01:20:03,520
sand on the surface has been blown away

1751
01:20:03,520 --> 01:20:05,530
by the missiles seen above

1752
01:20:05,530 --> 01:20:08,220
revealing the hard terrain below

1753
01:20:08,220 --> 01:20:11,410
why hasn't the same happened below

1754
01:20:11,410 --> 01:20:14,740
the question of the lunar module whether it is simple

1755
01:20:14,740 --> 01:20:17,020
leaf blower can remove the dust from the

1756
01:20:17,020 --> 01:20:18,820
surface revealing the hard rock

1757
01:20:18,820 --> 01:20:21,490
below why the same did not happen

1758
01:20:21,490 --> 01:20:24,430
under the lamb's engine and why

1759
01:20:24,430 --> 01:20:27,040
we see several pebbles

1760
01:20:27,040 --> 01:20:28,660
under the engine that were not even

1761
01:20:28,660 --> 01:20:30,370
blown away during the landing of the

1762
01:20:30,370 --> 01:20:33,610
lamb given the described James Irwin

1763
01:20:33,610 --> 01:20:36,310
about six inches deep of soft material

1764
01:20:36,310 --> 01:20:37,480
around the soles of the feet

1765
01:20:37,480 --> 01:20:40,030
why isn't there a hole in the sand underneath

1766
01:20:40,030 --> 01:20:43,020
its lens motor cone

1767
01:20:43,020 --> 01:20:46,800
a problem related to the disappearance

1768
01:20:46,800 --> 01:20:49,110
crater under the rocket is the total

1769
01:20:49,110 --> 01:20:51,360
absence of dust in the landing paths

1770
01:20:51,360 --> 01:20:54,300
if this is the dust that is blown into everything

1771
01:20:54,300 --> 01:20:55,950
directions during landing

1772
01:20:55,950 --> 01:20:58,380
why is there no trace of the dust in the

1773
01:20:58,380 --> 01:21:01,470
soles of the feet in this case

1774
01:21:01,470 --> 01:21:03,330
activism Oh seems to have a very

1775
01:21:03,330 --> 01:21:05,070
special explanation

1776
01:21:05,070 --> 01:21:08,190
primo miss Jana remote experimental le

1777
01:21:08,190 --> 01:21:11,250
just no apena to kill swollen davis

1778
01:21:11,250 --> 01:21:13,080
paneer in motor incorrigible number

1779
01:21:13,080 --> 01:21:14,910
emotional attention and equal prima Luna

1780
01:21:14,910 --> 01:21:16,740
ok no she is not the quality feather

1781
01:21:16,740 --> 01:21:19,200
animatronic that is under motor heso

1782
01:21:19,200 --> 01:21:21,060
spots here to surpass everything i

1783
01:21:21,060 --> 01:21:23,310
could say the pure in modern times of Turin

1784
01:21:23,310 --> 01:21:25,020
crystalline surface on a completely but the

1785
01:21:25,020 --> 01:21:26,790
statement from activist is emo

1786
01:21:26,790 --> 01:21:30,060
demonstrably false, all one has to do is

1787
01:21:30,060 --> 01:21:32,040
watch the original video of the

1788
01:21:32,040 --> 01:21:34,650
landing of Apollo 11 to make that happen

1789
01:21:34,650 --> 01:21:36,690
Armstrong orders the engine shut off

1790
01:21:36,690 --> 01:21:38,970
right after the ignition lights come on

1791
01:21:38,970 --> 01:21:41,700
which is actually before the lamb

1792
01:21:41,700 --> 01:21:42,930
hits the ground

1793
01:21:42,930 --> 01:21:46,069
[Applause]

1794
01:21:46,500 --> 01:21:50,880
okay engine stop a PA at a decent too

1795
01:21:50,880 --> 01:21:52,500
in the statement released after the

1796
01:21:52,500 --> 01:21:53,040
mission

1797
01:21:53,040 --> 01:21:55,500
Armstrong confirms that the engine stalled

1798
01:21:55,500 --> 01:21:57,750
off took place just before the lamb

1799
01:21:57,750 --> 01:22:01,640
at least hit the ground

1800
01:22:06,410 --> 01:22:08,940
in addition, the absence of dust in the

1801
01:22:08,940 --> 01:22:11,070
footpads can also be noticed in others

1802
01:22:11,070 --> 01:22:14,550
missions like Apollo 12 or Apollo 14

1803
01:22:14,550 --> 01:22:17,160
what does the explanation by activist mean

1804
01:22:17,160 --> 01:22:20,370
emo is in any case not valid

1805
01:22:20,370 --> 01:22:22,680
debunkers have to make a decision about you

1806
01:22:22,680 --> 01:22:24,750
can't keep the jet out of the

1807
01:22:24,750 --> 01:22:26,640
engine was too weak to create a cavity

1808
01:22:26,640 --> 01:22:29,010
in the sand and yet strong enough to

1809
01:22:29,010 --> 01:22:31,110
blow the sand completely off the

1810
01:22:31,110 --> 01:22:34,140
soles of feet during the moon landing one of

1811
01:22:34,140 --> 01:22:37,350
the two statements must then be false

1812
01:22:37,350 --> 01:22:39,750
therefore asked the following questions

1813
01:22:39,750 --> 01:22:41,760
this is the amount of dust thrown around

1814
01:22:41,760 --> 01:22:43,320
by the descent engine

1815
01:22:43,320 --> 01:22:46,170
why is there no dust in the

1816
01:22:46,170 --> 01:22:49,380
lens soles of feet how is it possible that

1817
01:22:49,380 --> 01:22:51,780
the jet of the engine is the same

1818
01:22:51,780 --> 01:22:53,969
time strong enough to wipe the soles of the feet

1819
01:22:53,969 --> 01:22:57,090
clean but weak enough not even a

1820
01:22:57,090 --> 01:22:59,070
crater in the sand during the moon

1821
01:22:59,070 --> 01:23:01,550
to land

1822
01:23:04,019 --> 01:23:06,329
now let's examine one of the most

1823
01:23:06,329 --> 01:23:08,400
important issues related to the lamb

1824
01:23:08,400 --> 01:23:11,550
the absence of a visible flame under the

1825
01:23:11,550 --> 01:23:13,590
engine during the departure of the

1826
01:23:13,590 --> 01:23:16,289
moon the lunar module consisted of two

1827
01:23:16,289 --> 01:23:18,329
separate blocks placed one above the

1828
01:23:18,329 --> 01:23:18,749
other

1829
01:23:18,749 --> 01:23:20,730
peach block was equipped with a

1830
01:23:20,730 --> 01:23:23,219
independent engine was the first

1831
01:23:23,219 --> 01:23:25,289
used to land the entire spaceship on the

1832
01:23:25,289 --> 01:23:26,159
lunar surface

1833
01:23:26,159 --> 01:23:28,320
the second was used for launching

1834
01:23:28,320 --> 01:23:30,539
the upper part of the spaceship the one

1835
01:23:30,539 --> 01:23:33,719
with the two astronauts' engines

1836
01:23:33,719 --> 01:23:36,030
used a special kind of fuel called

1837
01:23:36,030 --> 01:23:39,599
hypergolic this is a fuel that burns through

1838
01:23:39,599 --> 01:23:41,789
simple contact between two chemicals

1839
01:23:41,789 --> 01:23:43,920
components without the need for actuality

1840
01:23:43,920 --> 01:23:47,249
ignition system claim the debunkers

1841
01:23:47,249 --> 01:23:49,320
the reason for the missing flame is to blame

1842
01:23:49,320 --> 01:23:51,989
precisely to the use of hypergolic fuel

1843
01:23:51,989 --> 01:23:55,380
on his website bad astronomy debunker

1844
01:23:55,380 --> 01:23:57,840
Phil Plait writes that there is actually one

1845
01:23:57,840 --> 01:24:00,030
simple reason why you want the

1846
01:24:00,030 --> 01:24:01,829
flame from the lander as it lifts off

1847
01:24:01,829 --> 01:24:04,860
the fuels they used produced nothing visible

1848
01:24:04,860 --> 01:24:08,280
flame in his book activist mo too

1849
01:24:08,280 --> 01:24:10,739
writes the combustion product of

1850
01:24:10,739 --> 01:24:13,469
these fuels is colorless and transparent

1851
01:24:13,469 --> 01:24:15,900
therefore there is no flame under the

1852
01:24:15,900 --> 01:24:18,150
LEM when it takes off, but this one

1853
01:24:18,150 --> 01:24:20,579
explanations are false hypergolic fuels

1854
01:24:20,579 --> 01:24:23,460
produce a clearly visible flame on both

1855
01:24:23,460 --> 01:24:27,239
earth and in the vacuum of space this is

1856
01:24:27,239 --> 01:24:29,039
a test of the rocket's engine

1857
01:24:29,039 --> 01:24:31,739
space X using hypergolic fuel as

1858
01:24:31,739 --> 01:24:34,499
one can see that the flame is clearly visible

1859
01:24:34,499 --> 01:24:38,099
during combustion and this is a test

1860
01:24:38,099 --> 01:24:40,440
of the lems ascent engine exactly the

1861
01:24:40,440 --> 01:24:43,380
one we are now discussing to keep it

1862
01:24:43,380 --> 01:24:46,429
simply used the so-called hypergolic

1863
01:24:46,429 --> 01:24:49,199
propellants a rocket fuel and a

1864
01:24:49,199 --> 01:24:53,119
oxidizer that explodes on contact

1865
01:24:54,420 --> 01:24:57,640
the long flame of the hypergolic fuel

1866
01:24:57,640 --> 01:25:00,220
is clearly visible under the lems engine

1867
01:25:00,220 --> 01:25:04,750
during combustion in the original images

1868
01:25:04,750 --> 01:25:07,060
of the Apollo missions, however, there

1869
01:25:07,060 --> 01:25:10,660
is no visible flame this is Apollo 15

1870
01:25:10,660 --> 01:25:14,050
rising from the moon, this is Apollo

1871
01:25:14,050 --> 01:25:18,970
16 and this is Apollo 17 in all cases

1872
01:25:18,970 --> 01:25:21,070
there is no visible flame under the

1873
01:25:21,070 --> 01:25:24,280
engine during launch, some might think

1874
01:25:24,280 --> 01:25:26,500
that hypergolic fuel that is obvious

1875
01:25:26,500 --> 01:25:28,720
visible on Earth for whatever reason

1876
01:25:28,720 --> 01:25:30,900
become invisible in the vacuum of space

1877
01:25:30,900 --> 01:25:33,850
but it is not like that and there are several

1878
01:25:33,850 --> 01:25:36,820
examples to prove this is a Draco

1879
01:25:36,820 --> 01:25:39,820
engine using hypergolic tested fuel

1880
01:25:39,820 --> 01:25:42,670
in a vacuum chamber as can be seen

1881
01:25:42,670 --> 01:25:44,830
flame produced by the engine is obvious

1882
01:25:44,830 --> 01:25:48,550
visible that the Space Shuttle also used

1883
01:25:48,550 --> 01:25:50,500
hypergolic fuel for its orientation

1884
01:25:50,500 --> 01:25:52,900
missiles and emissions from the

1885
01:25:52,900 --> 01:25:54,970
missiles are clearly visible during the

1886
01:25:54,970 --> 01:25:58,780
maneuvers in the vacuum of space is this

1887
01:25:58,780 --> 01:26:00,310
another picture of the shuttle

1888
01:26:00,310 --> 01:26:02,860
maneuver in space the jet of the

1889
01:26:02,860 --> 01:26:05,890
hypergolic fuel this is clearly visible

1890
01:26:05,890 --> 01:26:08,530
is a saw your spaceship filmed as it

1891
01:26:08,530 --> 01:26:10,180
approaching international space

1892
01:26:10,180 --> 01:26:13,239
Station the saw use also uses hypergolic

1893
01:26:13,239 --> 01:26:15,400
fuels for its directional missiles and

1894
01:26:15,400 --> 01:26:17,650
also in this case the Jets are clear

1895
01:26:17,650 --> 01:26:20,080
visible despite being in the vacuum

1896
01:26:20,080 --> 01:26:22,960
space in fact they are even more visible

1897
01:26:22,960 --> 01:26:25,060
because they are against the

1898
01:26:25,060 --> 01:26:27,119
blackness of space

1899
01:26:27,119 --> 01:26:29,940
all these examples show how hypergolic

1900
01:26:29,940 --> 01:26:32,520
fuels are also clearly visible in the

1901
01:26:32,520 --> 01:26:34,800
vacuum of space we then ask the

1902
01:26:34,800 --> 01:26:37,230
next question since this is so

1903
01:26:37,230 --> 01:26:39,659
the lamb ascent engine tested on Earth

1904
01:26:39,659 --> 01:26:42,360
why is there no visible flame underneath

1905
01:26:42,360 --> 01:26:48,719
when it takes off from the moon not alone

1906
01:26:48,719 --> 01:26:50,550
don't let the lamb motor loose one

1907
01:26:50,550 --> 01:26:53,099
flame from the mouthpiece it also seems

1908
01:26:53,099 --> 01:26:56,190
do not produce a certain sound this is the

1909
01:26:56,190 --> 01:26:58,380
sound produced by the ascent of the Lambs

1910
01:26:58,380 --> 01:27:04,349
engine during a ground test still during

1911
01:27:04,349 --> 01:27:06,510
the ascent of the moon is not special

1912
01:27:06,510 --> 01:27:14,280
sound can only be heard in the cabin

1913
01:27:14,280 --> 01:27:16,710
the calm voice of the astronauts with no

1914
01:27:16,710 --> 01:27:24,449
engine noise in the background

1915
01:27:24,449 --> 01:27:26,429
debunkers claim that the engine sounds

1916
01:27:26,429 --> 01:27:28,440
is dispersed in the vacuum of space

1917
01:27:28,440 --> 01:27:31,020
outside the cabin and so no

1918
01:27:31,020 --> 01:27:32,820
certain sound must be heard

1919
01:27:32,820 --> 01:27:34,739
the inside but the cabin is pressurized

1920
01:27:34,739 --> 01:27:37,650
and the motor is right in the

1921
01:27:37,650 --> 01:27:39,719
in the middle between the two astronauts

1922
01:27:39,719 --> 01:27:42,869
this NASA technician shows us exactly

1923
01:27:42,869 --> 01:27:45,179
where the engine is in the car

1924
01:27:45,179 --> 01:27:47,580
LEM this is the top docking hatch

1925
01:27:47,580 --> 01:27:50,460
through which the astronauts will enter

1926
01:27:50,460 --> 01:27:51,929
the LEM of the command and service

1927
01:27:51,929 --> 01:27:54,690
module they will resign here

1928
01:27:54,690 --> 01:27:56,820
ascent hood the engine we looked at

1929
01:27:56,820 --> 01:27:58,830
at before is on the other side of

1930
01:27:58,830 --> 01:28:01,469
this cover and the website clavius ​​itself

1931
01:28:01,469 --> 01:28:03,840
indicates that the ascent motor is mounted

1932
01:28:03,840 --> 01:28:06,840
in the spacecraft not attached to

1933
01:28:06,840 --> 01:28:09,900
the bottom of activism Oh too

1934
01:28:09,900 --> 01:28:12,389
confirms that the astronauts in the

1935
01:28:12,389 --> 01:28:17,090
LEM is literally on the bike

1936
01:28:18,830 --> 01:28:21,570
yes not the American you know sir duty

1937
01:28:21,570 --> 01:28:23,840
literally literally

1938
01:28:23,840 --> 01:28:26,340
so the engine that is in direct

1939
01:28:26,340 --> 01:28:28,770
contact with the environment under pressure

1940
01:28:28,770 --> 01:28:30,980
of the cabin should definitely be heard

1941
01:28:30,980 --> 01:28:34,020
another explanation from the debunkers for it

1942
01:28:34,020 --> 01:28:36,179
the lack of engine noise is that the

1943
01:28:36,179 --> 01:28:38,639
microphones used in aerospace for pilots

1944
01:28:38,639 --> 01:28:40,949
and crew are built to work

1945
01:28:40,949 --> 01:28:42,809
the environment must speak to you very much

1946
01:28:42,809 --> 01:28:45,239
close to the microphone

1947
01:28:45,239 --> 01:28:47,699
sound should be picked up, but there is none

1948
01:28:47,699 --> 01:28:50,309
something like magic microphones capable

1949
01:28:50,309 --> 01:28:52,320
of completely shutting out the background noise

1950
01:28:52,320 --> 01:28:54,959
if the engine noise can reach the areas

1951
01:28:54,959 --> 01:28:57,030
of the astronaut it will necessarily be

1952
01:28:57,030 --> 01:28:59,239
also picked up by the microphone

1953
01:28:59,239 --> 01:29:01,590
moreover during the launch of Apollo

1954
01:29:01,590 --> 01:29:05,010
15 Something curious happened moments

1955
01:29:05,010 --> 01:29:06,900
after takeoff one of the astronauts

1956
01:29:06,900 --> 01:29:08,969
turned on a portable recorder

1957
01:29:08,969 --> 01:29:11,130
in the cabin to have some

1958
01:29:11,130 --> 01:29:13,950
musical background

1959
01:29:13,950 --> 01:29:17,140
[Applause]

1960
01:29:19,230 --> 01:29:22,380
[Applause]

1961
01:29:24,780 --> 01:29:27,690
as one can hear music coming out of the

1962
01:29:27,690 --> 01:29:29,670
recorder is clearly picked up by the

1963
01:29:29,670 --> 01:29:31,740
microphone while the sound of the

1964
01:29:31,740 --> 01:29:34,020
engine running at full speed

1965
01:29:34,020 --> 01:29:37,760
not heard at all at the moment

1966
01:29:37,760 --> 01:29:40,770
question given that as confirmed by the

1967
01:29:40,770 --> 01:29:43,260
debunkers are the astronauts literally

1968
01:29:43,260 --> 01:29:45,900
sitting on the motorcycle why don't we hear it

1969
01:29:45,900 --> 01:29:48,030
all sounds of the engine during

1970
01:29:48,030 --> 01:29:49,430
to take off

1971
01:29:49,430 --> 01:29:52,350
seen that during the launch of Apollo 15

1972
01:29:52,350 --> 01:29:54,570
we are even able to hear the music from it

1973
01:29:54,570 --> 01:29:57,060
the tape recorder in the cabin why not

1974
01:29:57,060 --> 01:29:59,390
we also hear the sound of the engine

1975
01:29:59,390 --> 01:30:02,550
the moon launch is possible

1976
01:30:02,550 --> 01:30:04,320
the most delicate moment of the whole

1977
01:30:04,320 --> 01:30:06,960
mission that the astronauts must keep

1978
01:30:06,960 --> 01:30:09,240
total concentration and they should be

1979
01:30:09,240 --> 01:30:11,190
able to communicate with each other

1980
01:30:11,190 --> 01:30:13,320
immediately in case something went wrong

1981
01:30:13,320 --> 01:30:16,170
wrong then why jeopardize their safety

1982
01:30:16,170 --> 01:30:19,200
by playing loud music in the cabin

1983
01:30:19,200 --> 01:30:20,880
from which they could deduce

1984
01:30:20,880 --> 01:30:22,860
the operations and could have kept them

1985
01:30:22,860 --> 01:30:24,960
of clear communication in the blink of an eye

1986
01:30:24,960 --> 01:30:27,500
of emergency

1987
01:30:29,219 --> 01:30:31,960
of course to check if the

1988
01:30:31,960 --> 01:30:34,060
lunar module was actually capable

1989
01:30:34,060 --> 01:30:36,520
landing and taking off from the moon all

1990
01:30:36,520 --> 01:30:38,590
one should do is take the

1991
01:30:38,590 --> 01:30:40,900
original designs of the LEM and feed

1992
01:30:40,900 --> 01:30:43,199
them in a modern simulation computer

1993
01:30:43,199 --> 01:30:46,210
with today's computers it would be very bad

1994
01:30:46,210 --> 01:30:48,100
easy to verify all lems

1995
01:30:48,100 --> 01:30:49,929
functionalities without the need for

1996
01:30:49,929 --> 01:30:52,890
actually send the machine into space

1997
01:30:52,890 --> 01:30:55,000
unfortunately the original

1998
01:30:55,000 --> 01:30:56,890
lunar module designs

1999
01:30:56,890 --> 01:30:58,410
nowhere to be found

2000
01:30:58,410 --> 01:31:00,880
apparently Grumman's construction

2001
01:31:00,880 --> 01:31:03,190
company chose to get rid of them because

2002
01:31:03,190 --> 01:31:06,160
they took up too much space to justify

2003
01:31:06,160 --> 01:31:08,650
this incomprehensible act the debunking

2004
01:31:08,650 --> 01:31:11,290
Clavius ​​Wright's Grumman website is one

2005
01:31:11,290 --> 01:31:13,690
aerospace engineering company not a museum

2006
01:31:13,690 --> 01:31:16,060
it would not accommodate the hundred

2007
01:31:16,060 --> 01:31:18,250
thousand cubic feet or so of design

2008
01:31:18,250 --> 01:31:21,640
documentation at its expense but then

2009
01:31:21,640 --> 01:31:24,850
why don't you donate them to a museum de lam

2010
01:31:24,850 --> 01:31:26,710
is the only machine that ever has

2011
01:31:26,710 --> 01:31:28,750
brought people to another

2012
01:31:28,750 --> 01:31:32,050
celestial body is its historical value

2013
01:31:32,050 --> 01:31:34,060
unique and there must be dozens of them

2014
01:31:34,060 --> 01:31:35,830
museums around the world that would have

2015
01:31:35,830 --> 01:31:37,630
killed to show it

2016
01:31:37,630 --> 01:31:40,570
designing construction instead is us

2017
01:31:40,570 --> 01:31:42,040
asked to believe all this

2018
01:31:42,040 --> 01:31:44,380
documentation has been turned into the trash

2019
01:31:44,380 --> 01:31:46,270
simply because there was not enough space

2020
01:31:46,270 --> 01:31:51,070
to save it even more disturbing then

2021
01:31:51,070 --> 01:31:53,260
the disappearance of the LEM designs

2022
01:31:53,260 --> 01:31:55,420
the disappearance of the original tapes

2023
01:31:55,420 --> 01:31:57,580
which contained the images of the former

2024
01:31:57,580 --> 01:32:00,699
moonwalk by Neil Armstrong now almost 40

2025
01:32:00,699 --> 01:32:03,460
years after the first moon landing nASA

2026
01:32:03,460 --> 01:32:05,530
has known that the original film

2027
01:32:05,530 --> 01:32:07,750
depicting Neil Armstrong's giant leap

2028
01:32:07,750 --> 01:32:09,010
is lost

2029
01:32:09,010 --> 01:32:12,100
well not lost says NASA just can't be

2030
01:32:12,100 --> 01:32:14,140
found out we're just talking about the

2031
01:32:14,140 --> 01:32:16,330
the most important document in the

2032
01:32:16,330 --> 01:32:19,120
history of mankind the first step of one

2033
01:32:19,120 --> 01:32:21,489
man on another celestial body

2034
01:32:21,489 --> 01:32:24,219
recorded on magnetic tape

2035
01:32:24,219 --> 01:32:27,130
the receiving stations on Earth as such

2036
01:32:27,130 --> 01:32:29,199
one would expect these tapes to be preserved

2037
01:32:29,199 --> 01:32:31,020
locked in a thermally controlled

2038
01:32:31,020 --> 01:32:33,520
environment in a place that is only accessible

2039
01:32:33,520 --> 01:32:36,400
instead to a limited number of people

2040
01:32:36,400 --> 01:32:39,550
NASA candidly tells us that the original

2041
01:32:39,550 --> 01:32:41,699
tires anymore

2042
01:32:41,699 --> 01:32:44,730
so shocking was this fact that filmmaker

2043
01:32:44,730 --> 01:32:47,340
Aaron Ranan wanted to verify

2044
01:32:47,340 --> 01:32:49,409
person interviewing the shape of the flight

2045
01:32:49,409 --> 01:32:51,750
director of the Apollo 11 mission Gene

2046
01:32:51,750 --> 01:32:55,289
Kranz I haven't seen that yet

2047
01:32:55,289 --> 01:32:57,480
indicates that the kilometer II data is even

2048
01:32:57,480 --> 01:32:59,489
exist and as I said even if we

2049
01:32:59,489 --> 01:33:01,079
if we had it, we don't have the machines for it

2050
01:33:01,079 --> 01:33:03,239
play it back, but you are your own

2051
01:33:03,239 --> 01:33:04,949
research has shown that the tumor data is

2052
01:33:04,949 --> 01:33:06,599
missing that is correct

2053
01:33:06,599 --> 01:33:09,270
also from the official archives of NASA at

2054
01:33:09,270 --> 01:33:11,639
Goddard Space Center in Maryland

2055
01:33:11,639 --> 01:33:13,289
Aaron Ranan received the same

2056
01:33:13,289 --> 01:33:16,039
embarrassing answer that we didn't get to answer

2057
01:33:16,039 --> 01:33:19,619
track it down. I mean, we don't know where

2058
01:33:19,619 --> 01:33:22,770
this this telemetry data ended up and we

2059
01:33:22,770 --> 01:33:24,510
don't know what path it could be

2060
01:33:24,510 --> 01:33:27,690
have taken so unfortunately I'm afraid I

2061
01:33:27,690 --> 01:33:29,309
can't really tell you much

2062
01:33:29,309 --> 01:33:31,469
where this data ended up and

2063
01:33:31,469 --> 01:33:33,300
whether it still exists or not

2064
01:33:33,300 --> 01:33:35,039
listen to what the explanation of the

2065
01:33:35,039 --> 01:33:39,920
debunkers is for this unimaginable fact

2066
01:33:43,130 --> 01:33:49,440
procedure aunt util research at the

2067
01:33:49,440 --> 01:33:52,559
BBC forest and register attraction soon

2068
01:33:52,559 --> 01:33:56,190
Venus to Telemetry nominal fee only

2069
01:33:56,190 --> 01:34:00,480
in the next edition segundo proxy

2070
01:34:00,480 --> 01:34:02,429
the Kentucky no no no the Omni is a

2071
01:34:02,429 --> 01:34:04,050
physical material omission it is one

2072
01:34:04,050 --> 01:34:07,320
accommodation at dr. conserva 13 astra

2073
01:34:07,320 --> 01:34:14,369
of course so according to activism oh there

2074
01:34:14,369 --> 01:34:17,099
is a real procedure at NASA that

2075
01:34:17,099 --> 01:34:19,500
leads to the automatic cancellation of

2076
01:34:19,500 --> 01:34:22,050
tapes when people stop asking for them

2077
01:34:22,050 --> 01:34:24,809
even if those tapes are just the

2078
01:34:24,809 --> 01:34:27,150
main documentation in the

2079
01:34:27,150 --> 01:34:30,989
human history should be one thing

2080
01:34:30,989 --> 01:34:33,179
clearly in itself the loss of the original

2081
01:34:33,179 --> 01:34:35,099
moonwalk tapes don't

2082
01:34:35,099 --> 01:34:38,099
cause irreparable damage there

2083
01:34:38,099 --> 01:34:40,260
are recent copies of the same moonwalk

2084
01:34:40,260 --> 01:34:41,219
digitized

2085
01:34:41,219 --> 01:34:42,809
who are even better than the lost

2086
01:34:42,809 --> 01:34:46,349
original is the problem that next to the

2087
01:34:46,349 --> 01:34:48,869
moonwalk those tapes also contain some

2088
01:34:48,869 --> 01:34:51,179
important telemetry data ranging from

2089
01:34:51,179 --> 01:34:53,280
the heartbeat of the astronaut to the bone

2090
01:34:53,280 --> 01:34:55,020
location of the Lamb

2091
01:34:55,020 --> 01:34:58,080
bass at that time it means that if the

2092
01:34:58,080 --> 01:35:00,840
lamb had not come to the surface

2093
01:35:00,840 --> 01:35:02,820
of the Moon at that time or if the

2094
01:35:02,820 --> 01:35:04,740
the situation on board had been everything

2095
01:35:04,740 --> 01:35:07,020
different from what we were told

2096
01:35:07,020 --> 01:35:09,090
telemetry data would be clear

2097
01:35:09,090 --> 01:35:13,170
revealed it, so if anyone chooses, he can

2098
01:35:13,170 --> 01:35:15,060
believe the story of the tapes that were there

2099
01:35:15,060 --> 01:35:17,160
picked up because they were too expensive

2100
01:35:17,160 --> 01:35:19,380
for everyone else

2101
01:35:19,380 --> 01:35:22,260
a question inevitably becomes what

2102
01:35:22,260 --> 01:35:24,600
was so important in those tapes that

2103
01:35:24,600 --> 01:35:26,400
NASA had to come up with something like that

2104
01:35:26,400 --> 01:35:29,190
ridiculous excuse just to make sure they did

2105
01:35:29,190 --> 01:35:30,960
would no longer be available

2106
01:35:30,960 --> 01:35:33,180
scientists and researchers of modern

2107
01:35:33,180 --> 01:35:37,860
times now let's take a closer look

2108
01:35:37,860 --> 01:35:40,050
the telecommunications between the earth and

2109
01:35:40,050 --> 01:35:43,020
the moon there are several elements that

2110
01:35:43,020 --> 01:35:45,240
do not add up in this area as before

2111
01:35:45,240 --> 01:35:46,920
for example the delay in the radio

2112
01:35:46,920 --> 01:35:49,170
communications between Houston and the

2113
01:35:49,170 --> 01:35:51,840
astronauts are the earth and the moon

2114
01:35:51,840 --> 01:35:55,290
about 240,000 miles apart for this

2115
01:35:55,290 --> 01:35:58,440
reason, a radio signal takes about 1.3

2116
01:35:58,440 --> 01:36:00,630
seconds to reach our satellite and

2117
01:36:00,630 --> 01:36:03,690
1.3 seconds left to get back to

2118
01:36:03,690 --> 01:36:06,450
earth does this mean when Houston asked

2119
01:36:06,450 --> 01:36:08,400
a question to the astronauts on the moon

2120
01:36:08,400 --> 01:36:12,030
the answer should have been at least 2.6

2121
01:36:12,030 --> 01:36:15,030
seconds to return to Earth 1.3

2122
01:36:15,030 --> 01:36:16,650
seconds before the question reaches the

2123
01:36:16,650 --> 01:36:19,740
astronaut 1.3 seconds for his answer to

2124
01:36:19,740 --> 01:36:21,960
come back, there are some cases though

2125
01:36:21,960 --> 01:36:24,000
where the astronaut's answer

2126
01:36:24,000 --> 01:36:26,490
will come back much sooner here is one

2127
01:36:26,490 --> 01:36:27,890
example

2128
01:36:27,890 --> 01:36:30,450
and progress towards the dune

2129
01:36:30,450 --> 01:36:33,990
crater well yes the answer is almost

2130
01:36:33,990 --> 01:36:36,060
immediately it takes a little more than one

2131
01:36:36,060 --> 01:36:37,920
second to come back

2132
01:36:37,920 --> 01:36:40,620
Copy Roger Jim and make your progress

2133
01:36:40,620 --> 01:36:44,760
towards dune crater now this is the

2134
01:36:44,760 --> 01:36:47,280
soundtrack of the original audio this

2135
01:36:47,280 --> 01:36:49,170
segment contains the question that is coming up

2136
01:36:49,170 --> 01:36:51,570
from Houston and this is the answer from

2137
01:36:51,570 --> 01:36:54,210
the astronaut the gap between the end of

2138
01:36:54,210 --> 01:36:57,090
the question and the answer is only 1.1

2139
01:36:57,090 --> 01:36:58,640
seconds

2140
01:36:58,640 --> 01:37:01,980
Copy Roger Jim and make your progress

2141
01:37:01,980 --> 01:37:05,580
direction do crater now too short for

2142
01:37:05,580 --> 01:37:07,620
this communication really came

2143
01:37:07,620 --> 01:37:10,410
of the moon to examine the audio

2144
01:37:10,410 --> 01:37:12,480
we have of course made use of the delays

2145
01:37:12,480 --> 01:37:14,790
original unaltered tapes from NASA

2146
01:37:14,790 --> 01:37:16,620
spread across the world

2147
01:37:16,620 --> 01:37:19,680
spacecraft movies if there's one thing

2148
01:37:19,680 --> 01:37:22,620
everyone agrees it's the DVDs

2149
01:37:22,620 --> 01:37:24,720
by spacecraft are the only movies

2150
01:37:24,720 --> 01:37:27,060
originals that can be used as a reference

2151
01:37:27,060 --> 01:37:30,180
for any kind of research palo activism

2152
01:37:30,180 --> 01:37:32,010
everything confirms this in one of being

2153
01:37:32,010 --> 01:37:53,700
conferences in this conference activism

2154
01:37:53,700 --> 01:37:56,310
o also confirms that the original tires

2155
01:37:56,310 --> 01:38:14,550
are unprocessed and uncut is the same

2156
01:38:14,550 --> 01:38:16,650
confirmed by Clavius ​​one of the most

2157
01:38:16,650 --> 01:38:18,990
authoritative debunking websites on the

2158
01:38:18,990 --> 01:38:22,710
moon releases the DVDs with spacecraft movies

2159
01:38:22,710 --> 01:38:25,140
writes clavius ​​contain the digital

2160
01:38:25,140 --> 01:38:27,630
transfers from original Apollo film and

2161
01:38:27,630 --> 01:38:31,020
video raw which is interesting

2162
01:38:31,020 --> 01:38:33,300
that if one checks the Apollo journal

2163
01:38:33,300 --> 01:38:36,360
website instead where NASA reloaded

2164
01:38:36,360 --> 01:38:38,430
the lunar transmissions fell apart

2165
01:38:38,430 --> 01:38:41,160
small clips that the audio delay resembles

2166
01:38:41,160 --> 01:38:43,830
are inserted correctly this is the audio

2167
01:38:43,830 --> 01:38:46,020
track from the same scene downloaded

2168
01:38:46,020 --> 01:38:48,240
from the Apollo journal the question

2169
01:38:48,240 --> 01:38:50,430
coming from Houston is unchanged while

2170
01:38:50,430 --> 01:38:52,320
the answer seems to have moved up

2171
01:38:52,320 --> 01:38:55,740
until about four seconds later Roger Jim

2172
01:38:55,740 --> 01:38:58,170
copy and you are on your way to

2173
01:38:58,170 --> 01:39:00,980
dune crater now

2174
01:39:01,890 --> 01:39:06,520
yes it is like someone in reloading the

2175
01:39:06,520 --> 01:39:08,680
clip had realized the answer was coming

2176
01:39:08,680 --> 01:39:11,140
too early and had taken a break

2177
01:39:11,140 --> 01:39:14,140
produce the correct delay, but in the

2178
01:39:14,140 --> 01:39:16,690
original audio from spacecraft movies

2179
01:39:16,690 --> 01:39:19,480
this delay he does not exist this

2180
01:39:19,480 --> 01:39:21,640
conversation could not have taken place

2181
01:39:21,640 --> 01:39:23,560
between the Earth and the Moon

2182
01:39:23,560 --> 01:39:25,870
here is another example where the

2183
01:39:25,870 --> 01:39:27,850
answer from astronauts comes too soon

2184
01:39:27,850 --> 01:39:30,910
we are interested in both documented

2185
01:39:30,910 --> 01:39:33,790
samples or raike sample there if you

2186
01:39:33,790 --> 01:39:35,350
think it seems like a good area for it

2187
01:39:35,350 --> 01:39:42,430
for example 1.6 seconds when the answer comes

2188
01:39:42,430 --> 01:39:44,770
at least a second too early to have

2189
01:39:44,770 --> 01:39:47,680
origin on the moon is even one

2190
01:39:47,680 --> 01:39:49,870
matter of the same mission where the

2191
01:39:49,870 --> 01:39:52,240
response takes less than a second to come

2192
01:39:52,240 --> 01:39:57,580
back to base nine-tenths of a second to

2193
01:39:57,580 --> 01:40:00,160
be exempt, it's like this astronaut was

2194
01:40:00,160 --> 01:40:02,320
stand in a room next door instead of

2195
01:40:02,320 --> 01:40:07,870
actually on the moon his question

2196
01:40:07,870 --> 01:40:10,480
since we researched the original

2197
01:40:10,480 --> 01:40:13,150
videos of spacecraft movies and stuff

2198
01:40:13,150 --> 01:40:14,710
the debunkers themselves acknowledge

2199
01:40:14,710 --> 01:40:17,440
that these videos are unedited and uncut

2200
01:40:17,440 --> 01:40:20,560
can you explain why in different cases

2201
01:40:20,560 --> 01:40:22,990
the delay between the demand and the

2202
01:40:22,990 --> 01:40:25,360
answer is much shorter than it should be

2203
01:40:25,360 --> 01:40:27,670
if the conversation had really lasted

2204
01:40:27,670 --> 01:40:31,200
place between the Earth and the Moon

2205
01:40:31,200 --> 01:40:34,090
another aspect of telecommunications

2206
01:40:34,090 --> 01:40:36,490
that raises serious questions are the

2207
01:40:36,490 --> 01:40:39,480
live television broadcasts from the moon

2208
01:40:39,480 --> 01:40:43,150
the first three lunar missions Apollo 11

2209
01:40:43,150 --> 01:40:46,630
12 and 14 had sent rather bad TV

2210
01:40:46,630 --> 01:40:49,060
photos back to earth but start

2211
01:40:49,060 --> 01:40:51,550
with Apollo 15 the technology for the

2212
01:40:51,550 --> 01:40:54,160
live broadcasts were definitely improved

2213
01:40:54,160 --> 01:40:57,400
not only did the astronauts now have the

2214
01:40:57,400 --> 01:41:00,190
Luna Jeep called Rover but they had that too

2215
01:41:00,190 --> 01:41:01,780
a new color camera being mounted

2216
01:41:01,780 --> 01:41:04,360
right in front of the rover this

2217
01:41:04,360 --> 01:41:06,010
let the audience follow

2218
01:41:06,010 --> 01:41:07,690
various operations on the moon

2219
01:41:07,690 --> 01:41:09,490
appear on live television

2220
01:41:09,490 --> 01:41:12,850
this camera called Rover TV was remote

2221
01:41:12,850 --> 01:41:13,570
had surgery

2222
01:41:13,570 --> 01:41:15,760
by a specialized technician from Houston

2223
01:41:15,760 --> 01:41:18,940
to send the images back to Earth

2224
01:41:18,940 --> 01:41:20,530
astronauts used a special one

2225
01:41:20,530 --> 01:41:22,719
umbrella-shaped antenna that was too

2226
01:41:22,719 --> 01:41:25,510
mounted on the rover of course the

2227
01:41:25,510 --> 01:41:27,489
astronauts could only broadcast live

2228
01:41:27,489 --> 01:41:29,230
images when the vehicle is stationary

2229
01:41:29,230 --> 01:41:31,540
between one station and the next because

2230
01:41:31,540 --> 01:41:33,790
the umbrella had to be aimed

2231
01:41:33,790 --> 01:41:35,860
great precision to the earth

2232
01:41:35,860 --> 01:41:39,520
any transmission could start the earth and

2233
01:41:39,520 --> 01:41:42,790
the moon is some 240,000 miles away and

2234
01:41:42,790 --> 01:41:45,159
a small error in the angle of view

2235
01:41:45,159 --> 01:41:46,869
would be enough to miss it completely

2236
01:41:46,869 --> 01:41:50,199
purpose of NASA website we can read

2237
01:41:50,199 --> 01:41:53,290
the high-gain antenna produced a beam

2238
01:41:53,290 --> 01:41:55,929
tight enough for an adequate TV signal

2239
01:41:55,929 --> 01:41:58,750
could be received by 85 meter dishes

2240
01:41:58,750 --> 01:42:01,989
earth this antenna had a nominal gain of

2241
01:42:01,989 --> 01:42:04,780
24 decibels in the middle which dropped

2242
01:42:04,780 --> 01:42:07,690
to 20 point 5 decibels at 10 degrees

2243
01:42:07,690 --> 01:42:11,170
cone in other words by increasing the

2244
01:42:11,170 --> 01:42:13,060
transmission angle the signal would

2245
01:42:13,060 --> 01:42:16,150
quickly degrade by pointing the antenna

2246
01:42:16,150 --> 01:42:18,369
with enough accuracy was tricky

2247
01:42:18,369 --> 01:42:21,310
rights NASA made a preliminary alignment

2248
01:42:21,310 --> 01:42:23,650
by looking past the transmission tower

2249
01:42:23,650 --> 01:42:26,800
then had to be done carefully

2250
01:42:26,800 --> 01:42:28,510
astronauts performed a precision

2251
01:42:28,510 --> 01:42:30,639
pointing using an optical device

2252
01:42:30,639 --> 01:42:33,550
mounted directly on the antenna

2253
01:42:33,550 --> 01:42:36,520
NASA's training manual we read was boring

2254
01:42:36,520 --> 01:42:38,860
point the high-gain antenna at the

2255
01:42:38,860 --> 01:42:41,770
earth requires an optical aid since a

2256
01:42:41,770 --> 01:42:44,409
full earth at an angle of less

2257
01:42:44,409 --> 01:42:46,389
than 2 degrees as seen from the

2258
01:42:46,389 --> 01:42:49,000
lunar surface this is the reticle

2259
01:42:49,000 --> 01:42:51,909
of the optical device each square

2260
01:42:51,909 --> 01:42:55,300
represents an angle of 3 degrees

2261
01:42:55,300 --> 01:42:57,760
high gain antenna aimed at NASA

2262
01:42:57,760 --> 01:43:01,090
must stay within 2.5 degrees of the Earth

2263
01:43:01,090 --> 01:43:03,460
this happens when the image is of the Earth

2264
01:43:03,460 --> 01:43:05,560
within the bull's eye of the optics

2265
01:43:05,560 --> 01:43:07,949
visibility, the video signal will deteriorate

2266
01:43:07,949 --> 01:43:10,929
extremely quickly past that expiration date

2267
01:43:10,929 --> 01:43:13,270
to the very narrow antenna radiation

2268
01:43:13,270 --> 01:43:15,790
pattern in other words even one

2269
01:43:15,790 --> 01:43:18,219
misalignment of a few degrees

2270
01:43:18,219 --> 01:43:20,290
aiming the antenna would have led

2271
01:43:20,290 --> 01:43:23,199
in the earthly purpose we miss we must

2272
01:43:23,199 --> 01:43:25,510
keep in mind that both the TV camera and

2273
01:43:25,510 --> 01:43:27,130
the transmitting antenna

2274
01:43:27,130 --> 01:43:29,170
are mounted on the rover which means

2275
01:43:29,170 --> 01:43:31,060
that every oscillation of the camera

2276
01:43:31,060 --> 01:43:33,280
implies an equal oscillation of the

2277
01:43:33,280 --> 01:43:36,219
antenna this is a known problem for

2278
01:43:36,219 --> 01:43:38,080
television crews broadcasting images

2279
01:43:38,080 --> 01:43:41,050
via satellite are their mobile units

2280
01:43:41,050 --> 01:43:43,030
normally equipped with special pods that

2281
01:43:43,030 --> 01:43:44,949
be renewed once the broadcast

2282
01:43:44,949 --> 01:43:47,199
vehicle is in position to avoid

2283
01:43:47,199 --> 01:43:50,170
vibrations of any kind and on earth

2284
01:43:50,170 --> 01:43:52,659
the margin of error is much greater than

2285
01:43:52,659 --> 01:43:54,940
that of a broadcast from the moon since then

2286
01:43:54,940 --> 01:43:56,830
the distance to the geostationary

2287
01:43:56,830 --> 01:43:59,199
satellites on Earth is much shorter than

2288
01:43:59,199 --> 01:44:00,969
the distance between the earth and the

2289
01:44:00,969 --> 01:44:03,670
moon it is therefore clear that in

2290
01:44:03,670 --> 01:44:05,620
to maintain the live connection

2291
01:44:05,620 --> 01:44:07,449
with the soil the rover needed

2292
01:44:07,449 --> 01:44:09,820
remain practically silent throughout

2293
01:44:09,820 --> 01:44:12,699
duration of the broadcast what we have

2294
01:44:12,699 --> 01:44:15,010
instead is a series of situations in which

2295
01:44:15,010 --> 01:44:17,170
which the astronauts violently shook

2296
01:44:17,170 --> 01:44:19,480
rover and therefore also the antenna without it

2297
01:44:19,480 --> 01:44:24,520
the broadcast once cut this short

2298
01:44:24,520 --> 01:44:25,929
usually happens when one of the

2299
01:44:25,929 --> 01:44:28,060
astronauts touch the rover to drop or

2300
01:44:28,060 --> 01:44:31,360
get some tools to review

2301
01:44:31,360 --> 01:44:33,699
the actual oscillations one needs

2302
01:44:33,699 --> 01:44:35,350
see how much the line is from the horizon

2303
01:44:35,350 --> 01:44:37,970
in the background moves up and down

2304
01:44:37,970 --> 01:44:45,319
[Music]

2305
01:44:54,040 --> 01:44:56,240
equipped with very soft

2306
01:44:56,240 --> 01:44:58,580
suspensions the rover shakes quite a bit

2307
01:44:58,580 --> 01:45:01,460
visible as soon as someone touches it

2308
01:45:01,460 --> 01:45:03,740
as we said on television

2309
01:45:03,740 --> 01:45:07,330
signal never drops

2310
01:45:11,849 --> 01:45:14,710
we must remember that every oscillation

2311
01:45:14,710 --> 01:45:17,260
of the camera corresponds to an equal

2312
01:45:17,260 --> 01:45:20,889
oscillation through the antenna and yet as if

2313
01:45:20,889 --> 01:45:23,290
by magic the television signal never

2314
01:45:23,290 --> 01:45:26,640
breaks and does not deteriorate at all

2315
01:45:26,640 --> 01:45:37,640
[Music]

2316
01:45:43,290 --> 01:45:45,940
seen through the optical device the

2317
01:45:45,940 --> 01:45:47,950
vibrations from the antenna

2318
01:45:47,950 --> 01:45:50,370
looked something like this

2319
01:45:50,370 --> 01:45:53,440
question about vehicles emitting earth

2320
01:45:53,440 --> 01:45:55,420
are normally equipped with stabilization

2321
01:45:55,420 --> 01:45:57,820
jars to keep them from shaking

2322
01:45:57,820 --> 01:45:59,140
during the broadcast

2323
01:45:59,140 --> 01:46:01,570
why didn't NASA think to post

2324
01:46:01,570 --> 01:46:03,880
something similar on the rover since then

2325
01:46:03,880 --> 01:46:05,650
would broadcast from a

2326
01:46:05,650 --> 01:46:08,080
distance tens of times greater than a

2327
01:46:08,080 --> 01:46:10,630
simple earth satellite seen that

2328
01:46:10,630 --> 01:46:13,120
according to nasa's manual the high gain

2329
01:46:13,120 --> 01:46:16,540
antenna pointing must stay within 2.5

2330
01:46:16,540 --> 01:46:18,820
degrees of the earth and that the video

2331
01:46:18,820 --> 01:46:21,400
signal will deteriorate extremely fast

2332
01:46:21,400 --> 01:46:24,310
beyond that point how is it possible to

2333
01:46:24,310 --> 01:46:26,530
broadcast images with such violent

2334
01:46:26,530 --> 01:46:28,810
oscillations without breaking the signal

2335
01:46:28,810 --> 01:46:31,450
nor humiliating during the live feeds of

2336
01:46:31,450 --> 01:46:36,280
the moon now let's examine another one

2337
01:46:36,280 --> 01:46:38,830
interesting problem behavior of the

2338
01:46:38,830 --> 01:46:41,590
dust on the moon on earth the dust

2339
01:46:41,590 --> 01:46:43,870
remains thanks

2340
01:46:43,870 --> 01:46:46,120
the humidity of the air on the moon

2341
01:46:46,120 --> 01:46:48,520
however there is no atmosphere and

2342
01:46:48,520 --> 01:46:50,640
therefore there is no humidity

2343
01:46:50,640 --> 01:46:53,530
theoretically, moon dust shouldn't be

2344
01:46:53,530 --> 01:46:56,580
able to adhere to a particular surface

2345
01:46:56,580 --> 01:46:59,140
looking at the statues of the Apollo

2346
01:46:59,140 --> 01:47:01,330
missions although we have dozens of them

2347
01:47:01,330 --> 01:47:03,460
situations where the moon dust

2348
01:47:03,460 --> 01:47:07,270
sticks wherever that usually happens

2349
01:47:07,270 --> 01:47:09,790
the astronaut suits with dust patches

2350
01:47:09,790 --> 01:47:11,560
not just to the lower part of their legs

2351
01:47:11,560 --> 01:47:14,290
but also on the arms, torso and even the

2352
01:47:14,290 --> 01:47:16,900
backpacks often it's the astronauts

2353
01:47:16,900 --> 01:47:18,850
themselves who noticed the quantity

2354
01:47:18,850 --> 01:47:34,090
dust clinging to it from Houston

2355
01:47:34,090 --> 01:47:36,160
Center has anyone noticed the problem

2356
01:47:36,160 --> 01:47:41,560
and just inexplicably stays on the

2357
01:47:41,560 --> 01:47:43,690
surface of the cameras and their lenses

2358
01:47:43,690 --> 01:47:45,060
at

2359
01:47:45,060 --> 01:47:49,700
the astronauts often complain about this

2360
01:47:50,240 --> 01:47:52,980
sometimes the problem is so serious that

2361
01:47:52,980 --> 01:47:59,220
they can't even read the settings the same

2362
01:47:59,220 --> 01:48:01,260
problem for the television cameras used

2363
01:48:01,260 --> 01:48:04,260
by the astronauts we notice in this case

2364
01:48:04,260 --> 01:48:06,810
different dust particles stuck

2365
01:48:06,810 --> 01:48:10,440
to the camera lens here instead of the

2366
01:48:10,440 --> 01:48:13,050
whole lens is covered with dust

2367
01:48:13,050 --> 01:48:15,390
lighter spots are the only areas of the

2368
01:48:15,390 --> 01:48:19,380
lens not covered with dust sometimes the

2369
01:48:19,380 --> 01:48:25,620
astronauts realize this themselves

2370
01:48:25,620 --> 01:48:27,960
other cases request to clean the lens

2371
01:48:27,960 --> 01:48:31,940
comes directly from the control center

2372
01:48:37,850 --> 01:48:41,070
these Earth-made images show dust

2373
01:48:41,070 --> 01:48:43,230
particles sticking to the lens because

2374
01:48:43,230 --> 01:48:46,170
of humidity why does the same thing happen on

2375
01:48:46,170 --> 01:48:48,540
the lens used by the astronauts

2376
01:48:48,540 --> 01:48:51,290
that there is no humidity on the moon

2377
01:48:51,290 --> 01:48:54,930
also used the genome on this color map

2378
01:48:54,930 --> 01:48:57,720
by the astronauts just refuses to stay

2379
01:48:57,720 --> 01:49:09,180
clean, it's not just the astronaut suits

2380
01:49:09,180 --> 01:49:10,740
and instruments that get covered with

2381
01:49:10,740 --> 01:49:14,040
dust, for example, look at the lunar rover

2382
01:49:14,040 --> 01:49:15,630
with the frame and engine

2383
01:49:15,630 --> 01:49:17,820
protections completely covered with fabric or

2384
01:49:17,820 --> 01:49:21,030
the fenders of the rover with dust

2385
01:49:21,030 --> 01:49:23,220
stick to the inside of the wheels and

2386
01:49:23,220 --> 01:49:25,610
also on the outside

2387
01:49:25,610 --> 01:49:28,440
some debunkers have suggested all that

2388
01:49:28,440 --> 01:49:30,780
this dust can stick to objects

2389
01:49:30,780 --> 01:49:34,140
of a kind of electrostatic effect but

2390
01:49:34,140 --> 01:49:36,540
this explanation is not plausible for at

2391
01:49:36,540 --> 01:49:39,150
at least two reasons why we are in the first place

2392
01:49:39,150 --> 01:49:40,640
speaking of very different

2393
01:49:40,640 --> 01:49:43,440
materials from each other the astronaut

2394
01:49:43,440 --> 01:49:46,580
fits the cameras

2395
01:49:46,580 --> 01:49:49,250
surface of the lunar rover's lenses

2396
01:49:49,250 --> 01:49:53,600
of the TV cameras secondly NASA itself

2397
01:49:53,600 --> 01:49:56,000
rule out this possibility when they

2398
01:49:56,000 --> 01:49:58,250
explained that an electrostatic effect

2399
01:49:58,250 --> 01:50:00,290
can possibly take place in the shade

2400
01:50:00,290 --> 01:50:02,690
areas of the moon but in the affected areas

2401
01:50:02,690 --> 01:50:05,180
by sunlight this effect is immediate

2402
01:50:05,180 --> 01:50:08,210
expelled from it by the solar wind

2403
01:50:08,210 --> 01:50:10,040
NASA document that the

2404
01:50:10,040 --> 01:50:12,290
electrostatic charges on the surface of

2405
01:50:12,290 --> 01:50:14,750
the moon we can read in the picture

2406
01:50:14,750 --> 01:50:17,600
electron-dominated daylight plasma

2407
01:50:17,600 --> 01:50:19,970
region the charge almost disappears

2408
01:50:19,970 --> 01:50:23,090
charge immediately in all cases

2409
01:50:23,090 --> 01:50:26,290
the lunar day side is no problem

2410
01:50:26,290 --> 01:50:29,120
moreover, in some cases more than dust

2411
01:50:29,120 --> 01:50:32,120
we seem to be looking at the real mud look

2412
01:50:32,120 --> 01:50:34,550
for example at this wheel of the moon

2413
01:50:34,550 --> 01:50:37,580
rover or this other image of the wheel

2414
01:50:37,580 --> 01:50:39,410
of the robber with the edge that seems

2415
01:50:39,410 --> 01:50:42,290
completely covered in mud it's like we

2416
01:50:42,290 --> 01:50:44,210
watched a muddy wheel from a

2417
01:50:44,210 --> 01:50:46,550
all terrain vehicle on earth

2418
01:50:46,550 --> 01:50:49,370
there is another one, even more puzzling

2419
01:50:49,370 --> 01:50:51,880
this is, for example, a thermal degradation

2420
01:50:51,880 --> 01:50:54,350
experiment conducted during the Apollo

2421
01:50:54,350 --> 01:50:56,870
14 mission how can it have sand

2422
01:50:56,870 --> 01:50:59,060
compacted itself enough to look

2423
01:50:59,060 --> 01:51:02,450
mud in a dehydrated environment there

2424
01:51:02,450 --> 01:51:04,640
is also another detail worth mentioning

2425
01:51:04,640 --> 01:51:06,920
these metal plates have a range of

2426
01:51:06,920 --> 01:51:09,320
letters and numbers engraved on it

2427
01:51:09,320 --> 01:51:12,110
then surface these letters and

2428
01:51:12,110 --> 01:51:14,930
numbers are filled with sand, but how

2429
01:51:14,930 --> 01:51:17,000
can the handlebar keep the shape of it

2430
01:51:17,000 --> 01:51:19,640
song once detached from the original

2431
01:51:19,640 --> 01:51:22,040
place it was formed for here

2432
01:51:22,040 --> 01:51:24,380
example we can see the number 5 that

2433
01:51:24,380 --> 01:51:26,180
has kept its shape even after its

2434
01:51:26,180 --> 01:51:28,820
detached from the engraving and here it is

2435
01:51:28,820 --> 01:51:31,040
the number 3 also retains its shape

2436
01:51:31,040 --> 01:51:33,860
after it was loosened, how can it sand

2437
01:51:33,860 --> 01:51:36,290
keep the original shape after having

2438
01:51:36,290 --> 01:51:38,630
are expelled from the engraving as we

2439
01:51:38,630 --> 01:51:43,050
are really in humid ulis environment

2440
01:51:43,050 --> 01:51:45,970
perhaps the biggest problem wall is the

2441
01:51:45,970 --> 01:51:48,040
one formed by the footprints that the

2442
01:51:48,040 --> 01:51:50,500
astronauts would have remained on the surface

2443
01:51:50,500 --> 01:51:52,510
of the moon, wherever they go

2444
01:51:52,510 --> 01:51:54,580
the astronauts leave very sharply

2445
01:51:54,580 --> 01:51:56,200
footprints on the ground

2446
01:51:56,200 --> 01:51:58,990
but how is it possible for moon dust

2447
01:51:58,990 --> 01:52:01,450
remain so barely compressed to the point

2448
01:52:01,450 --> 01:52:03,130
to maintain the shape of the boot

2449
01:52:03,130 --> 01:52:05,410
being that there is no atmosphere on the

2450
01:52:05,410 --> 01:52:07,980
moon and therefore there is no humidity

2451
01:52:07,980 --> 01:52:10,990
we know that to sand a

2452
01:52:10,990 --> 01:52:13,480
specific shape it is necessary to wet it

2453
01:52:13,480 --> 01:52:16,900
only when the sand is dry does the sand grain

2454
01:52:16,900 --> 01:52:19,090
do not stick to each other and to the shape

2455
01:52:19,090 --> 01:52:21,700
will not be kept the debunkers

2456
01:52:21,700 --> 01:52:24,100
keep that moon dust though

2457
01:52:24,100 --> 01:52:26,440
hot regolith is much sharper than

2458
01:52:26,440 --> 01:52:28,870
the sand on earth for this reason they

2459
01:52:28,870 --> 01:52:31,270
argue the simple push of the boot

2460
01:52:31,270 --> 01:52:33,940
is enough to even compact it altogether

2461
01:52:33,940 --> 01:52:36,280
absence of moisture to prove

2462
01:52:36,280 --> 01:52:38,500
their theory the Mythbusters have asked

2463
01:52:38,500 --> 01:52:40,690
NASA for an exact replica of the moon

2464
01:52:40,690 --> 01:52:42,610
start up and for a certain amount of a

2465
01:52:42,610 --> 01:52:45,370
special dust prepared by NASA that has

2466
01:52:45,370 --> 01:52:47,620
very similar characteristics to the moon

2467
01:52:47,620 --> 01:52:50,500
substance so for this test nASA has given us

2468
01:52:50,500 --> 01:52:53,260
a lunar regolith simulates it

2469
01:52:53,260 --> 01:52:55,630
manufactured to test equipment

2470
01:52:55,630 --> 01:52:57,730
going to the moon is very similar

2471
01:52:57,730 --> 01:52:59,350
moon dust in the fact that each

2472
01:52:59,350 --> 01:53:02,830
particle is very sharp dirt on earth it

2473
01:53:02,830 --> 01:53:04,780
has been again so it is very slippery

2474
01:53:04,780 --> 01:53:07,030
this is as close to lunar dust as possible

2475
01:53:07,030 --> 01:53:09,130
understand that it is some kind of fabric that Paulo

2476
01:53:09,130 --> 01:53:11,650
atavism Oh is also very familiar with

2477
01:53:11,650 --> 01:53:14,470
ask Campione for a simulant se camera

2478
01:53:14,470 --> 01:53:16,720
similar to the regula all take a round

2479
01:53:16,720 --> 01:53:18,520
very de luna synthetic Ocasio super

2480
01:53:18,520 --> 01:53:21,040
colloid re ve studente Tamara Nasser

2481
01:53:21,040 --> 01:53:23,620
la Luna conducted the Mythbusters

2482
01:53:23,620 --> 01:53:25,900
their experiment in a vacuum chamber

2483
01:53:25,900 --> 01:53:28,090
the total absence of moisture

2484
01:53:28,090 --> 01:53:30,520
replicate the same conditions found on

2485
01:53:30,520 --> 01:53:32,740
the moon is the rig ready to take

2486
01:53:32,740 --> 01:53:34,900
one-legged kick and the vacuum chamber

2487
01:53:34,900 --> 01:53:36,560
has been

2488
01:53:36,560 --> 01:53:40,310
thanks food stop vacuum here we go in

2489
01:53:40,310 --> 01:53:43,100
three two we noticed that the

2490
01:53:43,100 --> 01:53:45,290
Mythbusters even added some counters

2491
01:53:45,290 --> 01:53:47,210
weights on their device

2492
01:53:47,210 --> 01:53:48,860
simulate the exact weight of the

2493
01:53:48,860 --> 01:53:57,740
astronaut's foot on the lunar floor

2494
01:53:57,740 --> 01:54:00,290
we made a footprint in one

2495
01:54:00,290 --> 01:54:02,060
vacuum and there was no water vapor

2496
01:54:02,060 --> 01:54:03,710
that's what this conspiracy theory is

2497
01:54:03,710 --> 01:54:08,210
everything about the Mythbusters seems very

2498
01:54:08,210 --> 01:54:10,880
excited to celebrate, but in reality they

2499
01:54:10,880 --> 01:54:13,430
have failed to replicate at all

2500
01:54:13,430 --> 01:54:14,900
the original footprints of the

2501
01:54:14,900 --> 01:54:17,990
astronauts just look how solid and

2502
01:54:17,990 --> 01:54:20,120
square the small bars of sand that

2503
01:54:20,120 --> 01:54:21,770
formed under the astronaut's boot

2504
01:54:21,770 --> 01:54:23,720
they are almost perfectly geometric

2505
01:54:23,720 --> 01:54:26,750
solids with sharp edges and well defined

2506
01:54:26,750 --> 01:54:29,750
contours these sandbanks are so solid

2507
01:54:29,750 --> 01:54:31,730
and compacts that they even hold

2508
01:54:31,730 --> 01:54:33,470
their shape after being broken in

2509
01:54:33,470 --> 01:54:35,650
pieces

2510
01:54:41,560 --> 01:54:44,510
it's like looking at a clay

2511
01:54:44,510 --> 01:54:48,849
model that later dried in the sun

2512
01:54:51,989 --> 01:54:54,360
it is clear that we are looking at a

2513
01:54:54,360 --> 01:54:55,980
completely different result than the one

2514
01:54:55,980 --> 01:54:57,870
obtained by the Mythbusters in the

2515
01:54:57,870 --> 01:55:00,390
vacuum chamber if we fell apart

2516
01:55:00,390 --> 01:55:03,000
or even try moving one of these

2517
01:55:03,000 --> 01:55:04,980
sandbanks they certainly wouldn't

2518
01:55:04,980 --> 01:55:07,469
remain compacted, nor would they preserve

2519
01:55:07,469 --> 01:55:09,840
their shape finally the

2520
01:55:09,840 --> 01:55:12,150
Mythbusters with their experiment

2521
01:55:12,150 --> 01:55:14,430
proved the exact opposite of what they

2522
01:55:14,430 --> 01:55:17,460
intended to prove in the absence of moisture

2523
01:55:17,460 --> 01:55:20,550
it is absolutely impossible to replicate

2524
01:55:20,550 --> 01:55:24,570
the given question about the footprints of the astronauts

2525
01:55:24,570 --> 01:55:26,850
that there is no moisture on the moon

2526
01:55:26,850 --> 01:55:29,070
and that the solar wind disappears

2527
01:55:29,070 --> 01:55:31,590
electrostatic charges almost instantaneously

2528
01:55:31,590 --> 01:55:33,960
can you explain why the moon dust

2529
01:55:33,960 --> 01:55:36,660
sticks to all kinds of materials

2530
01:55:36,660 --> 01:55:38,370
the astronaut suits in the photo

2531
01:55:38,370 --> 01:55:41,040
cameras from the rover surfaces to the

2532
01:55:41,040 --> 01:55:43,820
Lenses for TV cameras

2533
01:55:43,820 --> 01:55:46,040
can you explain how the wheels of the rover

2534
01:55:46,040 --> 01:55:48,590
can collect on it as much thick dirt as

2535
01:55:48,590 --> 01:55:51,469
to look like they're covered in mud

2536
01:55:51,469 --> 01:55:53,599
you explain how the moon dust can stick

2537
01:55:53,599 --> 01:55:55,460
even together

2538
01:55:55,460 --> 01:55:57,469
preserve the shape of the digits

2539
01:55:57,469 --> 01:55:59,150
after they were moved from the

2540
01:55:59,150 --> 01:56:00,980
carvings in which they were formed

2541
01:56:00,980 --> 01:56:03,260
given that the Mythbusters have

2542
01:56:03,260 --> 01:56:05,570
replicated the lunar conditions below

2543
01:56:05,570 --> 01:56:08,210
vacuum and with the sand simulant canister

2544
01:56:08,210 --> 01:56:10,520
you explain why they have been enabled to do so

2545
01:56:10,520 --> 01:56:12,800
reproduce the footprints of the astronauts from

2546
01:56:12,800 --> 01:56:15,969
the original photos

2547
01:56:20,030 --> 01:56:53,679
[Music]

2548
01:56:53,679 --> 01:56:56,840
if true as many believe the

2549
01:56:56,840 --> 01:56:58,550
Apollo missions were filmed in a studio

2550
01:56:58,550 --> 01:57:00,949
one of the greatest problems on Earth

2551
01:57:00,949 --> 01:57:02,630
would have been to simulate the moon

2552
01:57:02,630 --> 01:57:04,849
gravity that is about one-sixth of the

2553
01:57:04,849 --> 01:57:08,030
gravity on Earth the most common

2554
01:57:08,030 --> 01:57:10,070
technique to obtain such an effect

2555
01:57:10,070 --> 01:57:12,610
always been the use of steel wires

2556
01:57:12,610 --> 01:57:15,199
extremely thin and invisible to the

2557
01:57:15,199 --> 01:57:18,050
camera steel wires were already in use

2558
01:57:18,050 --> 01:57:20,630
in the early 1960s in movies such as

2559
01:57:20,630 --> 01:57:24,260
Mary Poppins and even today they are

2560
01:57:24,260 --> 01:57:26,150
regularly used as in the movie

2561
01:57:26,150 --> 01:57:28,820
beautiful desolation right around

2562
01:57:28,820 --> 01:57:31,039
replicate the Apollo lunar walks

2563
01:57:31,039 --> 01:57:34,099
missions connected with an advanced

2564
01:57:34,099 --> 01:57:36,079
system of pulleys and counterweights

2565
01:57:36,079 --> 01:57:38,750
steel wires allow the astronaut

2566
01:57:38,750 --> 01:57:40,730
reduce its weight to a perfect

2567
01:57:40,730 --> 01:57:42,500
simulation of lunar gravity

2568
01:57:42,500 --> 01:57:48,469
reached another way to obtain a similar one

2569
01:57:48,469 --> 01:57:50,840
effect is to connect two steel wires

2570
01:57:50,840 --> 01:57:53,270
balloons filled with helium this system

2571
01:57:53,270 --> 01:57:54,949
used for example in television

2572
01:57:54,949 --> 01:57:56,780
range from the Earth to the Moon

2573
01:57:56,780 --> 01:58:00,289
produced by Tom Hanks also produces this

2574
01:58:00,289 --> 01:58:02,480
the effect of reducing the astronauts

2575
01:58:02,480 --> 01:58:05,380
wait for lunar gravity to be simulated

2576
01:58:05,380 --> 01:58:08,210
however, there is a problem with steel

2577
01:58:08,210 --> 01:58:11,090
wires while they are normally invisible

2578
01:58:11,090 --> 01:58:13,429
to the camera they can be hit by the

2579
01:58:13,429 --> 01:58:15,920
light at a certain angle through which they are created

2580
01:58:15,920 --> 01:58:18,349
momentarily visible on the screen and

2581
01:58:18,349 --> 01:58:21,020
this is exactly what seems to have

2582
01:58:21,020 --> 01:58:23,449
happened in the sequence of Apollo 14

2583
01:58:23,449 --> 01:58:26,150
while the astronauts are busy near the

2584
01:58:26,150 --> 01:58:28,699
LEM some flashes of light at one point

2585
01:58:28,699 --> 01:58:30,469
can be seen overhead of one van

2586
01:58:30,469 --> 01:58:33,170
them the first flash is sure

2587
01:58:33,170 --> 01:58:35,210
caused by the antenna placed on the

2588
01:58:35,210 --> 01:58:38,000
backpack this antenna which is about one

2589
01:58:38,000 --> 01:58:40,280
foot long often reflects the light that

2590
01:58:40,280 --> 01:58:42,739
hits, but then there's a second flash

2591
01:58:42,739 --> 01:58:45,079
right above the first who can't

2592
01:58:45,079 --> 01:58:46,070
are attributed to the

2593
01:58:46,070 --> 01:58:48,260
antenna and looks exactly like this

2594
01:58:48,260 --> 01:58:51,440
caused by a steel wire let's see again

2595
01:58:51,440 --> 01:58:53,929
in slow motion this is the outline of

2596
01:58:53,929 --> 01:58:56,090
the astronaut with the backpack on his

2597
01:58:56,090 --> 01:58:58,400
shoulders this is the cause of the antenna

2598
01:58:58,400 --> 01:59:00,770
the first flash of light and this is the

2599
01:59:00,770 --> 01:59:03,380
second flash of light definitely above

2600
01:59:03,380 --> 01:59:05,329
the first which cannot be attributed

2601
01:59:05,329 --> 01:59:07,610
there is something different about the antenna

2602
01:59:07,610 --> 01:59:09,500
reflects light about three feet

2603
01:59:09,500 --> 01:59:12,380
above the astronaut's head and this

2604
01:59:12,380 --> 01:59:14,540
something can't be flare in the lens

2605
01:59:14,540 --> 01:59:17,119
from the first flash because the second

2606
01:59:17,119 --> 01:59:19,900
flash occurs after the first and not

2607
01:59:19,900 --> 01:59:22,969
at the same time, a similar case occurs

2608
01:59:22,969 --> 01:59:26,270
during the Apollo 17 mission here too

2609
01:59:26,270 --> 01:59:28,460
see a double flash of light from the

2610
01:59:28,460 --> 01:59:30,829
antenna and then another meat lot

2611
01:59:30,829 --> 01:59:33,170
upper right above the astronaut's head

2612
01:59:33,170 --> 01:59:36,860
in this case it cannot be a torch

2613
01:59:36,860 --> 01:59:39,290
in the lens or because of the flash

2614
01:59:39,290 --> 01:59:42,139
above comes after those below and

2615
01:59:42,139 --> 01:59:45,469
not at the same time there is something

2616
01:59:45,469 --> 01:59:47,570
otherwise the light bounces off a few feet

2617
01:59:47,570 --> 01:59:49,790
above the astronaut's head in a space

2618
01:59:49,790 --> 01:59:52,190
that should be totally empty of objects

2619
01:59:52,190 --> 01:59:54,920
of any kind, the debunkers however

2620
01:59:54,920 --> 01:59:57,050
insisted these are not flashes of it

2621
01:59:57,050 --> 01:59:59,900
light on steel wires but simple flaws

2622
01:59:59,900 --> 02:00:02,300
because of the video conversion

2623
02:00:02,300 --> 02:00:05,060
website activism or rights they are not

2624
02:00:05,060 --> 02:00:06,949
wires or cables usually are

2625
02:00:06,949 --> 02:00:09,050
compression artifacts or errors

2626
02:00:09,050 --> 02:00:11,420
introduced by the video conversion of

2627
02:00:11,420 --> 02:00:13,940
one format to another for example

2628
02:00:13,940 --> 02:00:16,550
the publication on YouTube the original

2629
02:00:16,550 --> 02:00:18,590
videos we always like one

2630
02:00:18,590 --> 02:00:20,540
reference rather than using copies

2631
02:00:20,540 --> 02:00:23,150
so often converted not present

2632
02:00:23,150 --> 02:00:26,030
these phenomena but always activism

2633
02:00:26,030 --> 02:00:28,400
wrong what we have just shown you to be

2634
02:00:28,400 --> 02:00:30,980
the original unconverted videos from

2635
02:00:30,980 --> 02:00:34,159
spacecraft films the same originals that

2636
02:00:34,159 --> 02:00:36,260
activism says oh must be used for

2637
02:00:36,260 --> 02:00:39,409
reference or analysis anyone who owns it

2638
02:00:39,409 --> 02:00:42,110
the original videos can verify that the

2639
02:00:42,110 --> 02:00:43,909
flashes of light that we have shown are

2640
02:00:43,909 --> 02:00:46,820
they are already not the effect of that

2641
02:00:46,820 --> 02:00:48,980
compression or video conversions as

2642
02:00:48,980 --> 02:00:53,000
claimed by activist emo and the

2643
02:00:53,000 --> 02:00:55,130
flashes of light are not the only thing

2644
02:00:55,130 --> 02:00:57,440
suggesting that steel wires were used in it

2645
02:00:57,440 --> 02:00:59,080
the scenes of the moon

2646
02:00:59,080 --> 02:01:01,150
there are also several cases in it

2647
02:01:01,150 --> 02:01:03,250
which the astronauts seem to rise

2648
02:01:03,250 --> 02:01:05,200
effortlessly from the ground

2649
02:01:05,200 --> 02:01:07,750
as an invisible force

2650
02:01:07,750 --> 02:01:11,230
we pulled them up, let's analyze some of them

2651
02:01:11,230 --> 02:01:13,930
of these situations is this astronaut

2652
02:01:13,930 --> 02:01:15,670
leaning on the ground and then him

2653
02:01:15,670 --> 02:01:18,010
stands up suddenly without apparent effort

2654
02:01:18,010 --> 02:01:20,350
it's like there's some mysterious force

2655
02:01:20,350 --> 02:01:22,350
suddenly pulls him off the ground

2656
02:01:22,350 --> 02:01:25,030
here the astronaut is suddenly pulled

2657
02:01:25,030 --> 02:01:27,610
up and then hangs for a while

2658
02:01:27,610 --> 02:01:31,280
run on its own let's take a look at it again

2659
02:01:31,280 --> 02:01:34,020
[Music]

2660
02:01:34,020 --> 02:01:36,670
here the astronaut is pulled up first

2661
02:01:36,670 --> 02:01:38,800
and then seems to float in

2662
02:01:38,800 --> 02:01:42,640
in the air it seems as if there is a puppet hanging

2663
02:01:42,640 --> 02:01:46,330
of some invisible strings here the

2664
02:01:46,330 --> 02:01:48,370
Fallen astronaut gets up from the ground

2665
02:01:48,370 --> 02:01:50,890
as if some mysterious force was pulling at it

2666
02:01:50,890 --> 02:01:53,890
him up through his backpack let's see

2667
02:01:53,890 --> 02:01:59,170
the weather up close here the

2668
02:01:59,170 --> 02:02:00,940
astronaut works with some tools

2669
02:02:00,940 --> 02:02:03,880
when suddenly a mysterious force jerked

2670
02:02:03,880 --> 02:02:08,230
him up and to the right let's look

2671
02:02:08,230 --> 02:02:10,530
weather

2672
02:02:11,880 --> 02:02:13,310
[Music]

2673
02:02:13,310 --> 02:02:15,900
there is even a situation where the

2674
02:02:15,900 --> 02:02:18,060
astronaut complains that he can't get

2675
02:02:18,060 --> 02:02:19,950
up and he almost seems to be waiting

2676
02:02:19,950 --> 02:02:23,880
someone or something to pull it up

2677
02:02:23,880 --> 02:02:26,580
astronaut waits for a mysterious force

2678
02:02:26,580 --> 02:02:32,790
helps him up in this case the astronaut

2679
02:02:32,790 --> 02:02:35,010
falls forward but somehow remains standing

2680
02:02:35,010 --> 02:02:38,040
in fact hanging in the air when we watch

2681
02:02:38,040 --> 02:02:40,050
more accurately we note that he is first

2682
02:02:40,050 --> 02:02:42,420
floats in the air, then a

2683
02:02:42,420 --> 02:02:46,410
mysterious force pulls him up here

2684
02:02:46,410 --> 02:02:48,510
we have a case of apparent levitation

2685
02:02:48,510 --> 02:02:51,480
the astronaut on the left makes a jump

2686
02:02:51,480 --> 02:02:53,520
forward and then continues to float inward

2687
02:02:53,520 --> 02:02:55,800
in the air his legs dangle while a

2688
02:02:55,800 --> 02:03:01,770
strange force pulls him up let's

2689
02:03:01,770 --> 02:03:04,310
watch it again in slow motion

2690
02:03:04,310 --> 02:03:07,369
[Music]

2691
02:03:08,419 --> 02:03:12,389
and finally here is a very curious one

2692
02:03:12,389 --> 02:03:14,820
situation look at the movement the

2693
02:03:14,820 --> 02:03:17,159
astronaut manages to make with his both

2694
02:03:17,159 --> 02:03:19,590
legs first forward and then back

2695
02:03:19,590 --> 02:03:21,869
without leaning on anything

2696
02:03:21,869 --> 02:03:24,360
it's like his feet are free to slide

2697
02:03:24,360 --> 02:03:27,149
first forward and then backward on the

2698
02:03:27,149 --> 02:03:30,629
ground below when we see the

2699
02:03:30,629 --> 02:03:32,429
frame to place the astronaut in

2700
02:03:32,429 --> 02:03:34,590
vertically we will see that he is not

2701
02:03:34,590 --> 02:03:37,469
he just lifts himself up on his toes

2702
02:03:37,469 --> 02:03:39,689
entire lower part of the leg from the

2703
02:03:39,689 --> 02:03:42,269
knee down then slides forward

2704
02:03:42,269 --> 02:03:45,449
backwards, but how is it possible to

2705
02:03:45,449 --> 02:03:47,579
sliding with both feet at the same time

2706
02:03:47,579 --> 02:03:50,159
first forward and then backward without

2707
02:03:50,159 --> 02:03:52,800
an external force that pulls you upwards

2708
02:03:52,800 --> 02:03:55,919
the interim question given that this

2709
02:03:55,919 --> 02:03:58,469
are not artifacts of video conversion

2710
02:03:58,469 --> 02:04:00,989
nor are they glare in the lens

2711
02:04:00,989 --> 02:04:03,269
can you explain what these flashes are from

2712
02:04:03,269 --> 02:04:05,159
sometimes light appears overhead

2713
02:04:05,159 --> 02:04:07,889
of the astronauts you can really be

2714
02:04:07,889 --> 02:04:09,899
explain how it is possible to

2715
02:04:09,899 --> 02:04:12,829
movement like this this or

2716
02:04:12,829 --> 02:04:16,559
these without any kind of external

2717
02:04:16,559 --> 02:04:21,090
force that pulls you up the last set

2718
02:04:21,090 --> 02:04:22,860
evidence contains elements that

2719
02:04:22,860 --> 02:04:25,199
suggest the presence of air on the set

2720
02:04:25,199 --> 02:04:27,899
of the moon pictures as we all know

2721
02:04:27,899 --> 02:04:30,360
there is no atmosphere on the moon that

2722
02:04:30,360 --> 02:04:32,550
means the astronauts would have to move in

2723
02:04:32,550 --> 02:04:35,729
there is a situation of absolute vacuum

2724
02:04:35,729 --> 02:04:37,889
however, several elements suggest

2725
02:04:37,889 --> 02:04:39,659
that we are in the presence of air

2726
02:04:39,659 --> 02:04:43,019
instead, such an element is behavior

2727
02:04:43,019 --> 02:04:45,149
from the clouds of dust behind the wheels

2728
02:04:45,149 --> 02:04:47,909
of the robber when we were absent

2729
02:04:47,909 --> 02:04:50,070
of air all the sound lifted by the

2730
02:04:50,070 --> 02:04:52,709
wheels must follow a perfect parabola

2731
02:04:52,709 --> 02:04:54,899
trajectory from the moment the

2732
02:04:54,899 --> 02:04:56,820
wheel until it falls on the

2733
02:04:56,820 --> 02:04:59,939
ground is that there is no air to it

2734
02:04:59,939 --> 02:05:02,189
slow them down in their path, both the

2735
02:05:02,189 --> 02:05:04,139
heavier sand particles and the

2736
02:05:04,139 --> 02:05:05,869
lighter ones should follow suit

2737
02:05:05,869 --> 02:05:09,389
parabolic trajectory on Earth instead

2738
02:05:09,389 --> 02:05:12,209
the lighter sand particles are slowed down

2739
02:05:12,209 --> 02:05:14,280
down by the impact with the air and

2740
02:05:14,280 --> 02:05:16,530
hang for a few seconds

2741
02:05:16,530 --> 02:05:18,629
midair forms the typical clouds of

2742
02:05:18,629 --> 02:05:20,579
dust can be seen behind the car

2743
02:05:20,579 --> 02:05:21,270
wheels

2744
02:05:21,270 --> 02:05:24,270
this phenomenon can be observed in many

2745
02:05:24,270 --> 02:05:26,730
different situations just get going

2746
02:05:26,730 --> 02:05:30,390
some sand during a golf game or during a

2747
02:05:30,390 --> 02:05:33,480
motocross race but it is a phenomenon

2748
02:05:33,480 --> 02:05:35,520
that can also be seen behind the

2749
02:05:35,520 --> 02:05:37,680
wheels of the lunar rover where instead

2750
02:05:37,680 --> 02:05:41,010
it shouldn't happen to look at, for example

2751
02:05:41,010 --> 02:05:42,690
these clouds of dust that remain

2752
02:05:42,690 --> 02:05:45,360
floating in the air for a while

2753
02:05:45,360 --> 02:05:47,610
the wheels of the rover, as we said

2754
02:05:47,610 --> 02:05:49,980
previously without atmosphere no cloud

2755
02:05:49,980 --> 02:05:52,020
should completely form all the sand

2756
02:05:52,020 --> 02:05:54,030
particles both the heavier and the

2757
02:05:54,030 --> 02:05:55,940
lighter ones should follow suit

2758
02:05:55,940 --> 02:05:59,190
parabolic arc this is also confirmed by

2759
02:05:59,190 --> 02:06:01,860
clavius ​​if an atmosphere is dense enough

2760
02:06:01,860 --> 02:06:04,500
writes the website that can keep it small

2761
02:06:04,500 --> 02:06:07,020
particles floating against gravity

2762
02:06:07,020 --> 02:06:08,010
a short time

2763
02:06:08,010 --> 02:06:10,200
none of that would happen on the moon

2764
02:06:10,200 --> 02:06:12,300
because there is nothing to stop the dust

2765
02:06:12,300 --> 02:06:15,690
suspended particles and yet small clouds

2766
02:06:15,690 --> 02:06:18,180
of dust formed repeatedly behind the

2767
02:06:18,180 --> 02:06:20,130
rover's wheels and pause for a moment

2768
02:06:20,130 --> 02:06:22,440
floating in the air before falling

2769
02:06:22,440 --> 02:06:24,750
the ground all this should not happen

2770
02:06:24,750 --> 02:06:27,719
if we were really on the moon where no

2771
02:06:27,719 --> 02:06:30,960
atmosphere present here is another

2772
02:06:30,960 --> 02:06:33,150
situation suggests that we are in the

2773
02:06:33,150 --> 02:06:36,060
presence of air on the gold material

2774
02:06:36,060 --> 02:06:38,219
a thermal canopy is mounted on the right

2775
02:06:38,219 --> 02:06:41,580
on the front of the rover we often see

2776
02:06:41,580 --> 02:06:44,010
this covering floats up and down during

2777
02:06:44,010 --> 02:06:45,840
the rover's transfers from one station

2778
02:06:45,840 --> 02:06:49,140
to the next when the rover is stationary

2779
02:06:49,140 --> 02:06:51,120
however, this covering should not move

2780
02:06:51,120 --> 02:06:53,780
since there is no air to lift it

2781
02:06:53,780 --> 02:06:56,640
however, there is a situation where the

2782
02:06:56,640 --> 02:06:59,870
the upholstery seems to move on its own

2783
02:06:59,870 --> 02:07:02,610
but at first we cannot say whether it was

2784
02:07:02,610 --> 02:07:05,460
the astronaut who touched it, but then us

2785
02:07:05,460 --> 02:07:07,560
see that while the astronaut is brushing

2786
02:07:07,560 --> 02:07:09,900
the dust floats away from the thermal cover

2787
02:07:09,900 --> 02:07:12,570
naturally more than once as a soft one

2788
02:07:12,570 --> 02:07:16,400
breeze lifted it from below

2789
02:07:16,880 --> 02:07:20,310
there is also another curious case

2790
02:07:20,310 --> 02:07:23,340
during the Apollo 16 mission when one of

2791
02:07:23,340 --> 02:07:25,740
the astronauts close this valve on the

2792
02:07:25,740 --> 02:07:28,020
rover we notice a cloud of dust

2793
02:07:28,020 --> 02:07:30,720
blown up, let's take another look

2794
02:07:30,720 --> 02:07:37,590
slow motion some suggest it could

2795
02:07:37,590 --> 02:07:39,510
have been a vibration to move the sand

2796
02:07:39,510 --> 02:07:42,900
but in reality the whole rover is

2797
02:07:42,900 --> 02:07:45,960
covered with sand if there was a vibration

2798
02:07:45,960 --> 02:07:49,050
all the sand would suddenly move here

2799
02:07:49,050 --> 02:07:51,900
instead, the sand is blown upwards in one go

2800
02:07:51,900 --> 02:07:55,230
only a specific spot and right next to it

2801
02:07:55,230 --> 02:07:57,260
the valve closes

2802
02:07:57,260 --> 02:07:59,730
now let's tackle one of the most talked about

2803
02:07:59,730 --> 02:08:02,190
and known issues throughout

2804
02:08:02,190 --> 02:08:04,950
month discussion flags waving in the

2805
02:08:04,950 --> 02:08:07,680
vacuum in the Apollo videos

2806
02:08:07,680 --> 02:08:10,020
missions we can often see the American

2807
02:08:10,020 --> 02:08:12,240
flag waving, but it's hard to say

2808
02:08:12,240 --> 02:08:14,610
or it swings because it was moved by

2809
02:08:14,610 --> 02:08:16,800
a gust of wind or just because the

2810
02:08:16,800 --> 02:08:20,070
astronaut touches the flagpole

2811
02:08:20,070 --> 02:08:22,470
Mythbusters conducted an experiment

2812
02:08:22,470 --> 02:08:24,630
in a vacuum chamber to even prove it

2813
02:08:24,630 --> 02:08:27,000
in the absence of air, the flag can continue

2814
02:08:27,000 --> 02:08:29,190
wave to the astronaut

2815
02:08:29,190 --> 02:08:33,590
has touched, it is a flag wave test

2816
02:08:34,760 --> 02:08:43,350
and stop so that the vacuum moves the flag you

2817
02:08:43,350 --> 02:08:44,730
don't know a little bit actually

2818
02:08:44,730 --> 02:08:48,120
moved around quite a bit, so that proves you

2819
02:08:48,120 --> 02:08:50,640
no wind needed to move the

2820
02:08:50,640 --> 02:08:52,590
flag in a vacuum, but then it's the

2821
02:08:52,590 --> 02:08:54,720
Mythbusters themselves who created the

2822
02:08:54,720 --> 02:08:57,390
antiques by throwing this challenge like this

2823
02:08:57,390 --> 02:08:59,580
unless someone finds a shot of the flag

2824
02:08:59,580 --> 02:09:01,590
flutter without an astronaut

2825
02:09:01,590 --> 02:09:03,630
manipulating the flagpole it is

2826
02:09:03,630 --> 02:09:04,800
mythbusted

2827
02:09:04,800 --> 02:09:06,990
unless someone finds a shot of the flag

2828
02:09:06,990 --> 02:09:08,820
flutter without an astronaut

2829
02:09:08,820 --> 02:09:11,520
manipulating the flagpole they said well

2830
02:09:11,520 --> 02:09:13,740
we found at least three situations

2831
02:09:13,740 --> 02:09:16,830
where the flag flies without anyone

2832
02:09:16,830 --> 02:09:19,620
if you touch it, the first of these will come

2833
02:09:19,620 --> 02:09:22,830
television sequence of Apollo 15 here

2834
02:09:22,830 --> 02:09:24,900
one of the two astronauts is standing

2835
02:09:24,900 --> 02:09:26,700
next to the flag with his picture

2836
02:09:26,700 --> 02:09:29,370
made by his colleague, this is one of them

2837
02:09:29,370 --> 02:09:32,010
the pictures taken and this is the camera

2838
02:09:32,010 --> 02:09:34,440
mounted on the rover broadcast of the

2839
02:09:34,440 --> 02:09:37,100
images live on television

2840
02:09:37,100 --> 02:09:40,110
after a while the astronaut leaves the frame

2841
02:09:40,110 --> 02:09:43,620
to the left a few seconds later one of

2842
02:09:43,620 --> 02:09:45,690
the two astronauts walk back to the front

2843
02:09:45,690 --> 02:09:48,870
of the camera went to the LEM after he

2844
02:09:48,870 --> 02:09:50,700
fit we noticed that the flag is

2845
02:09:50,700 --> 02:09:53,240
swing without anyone touching it

2846
02:09:53,240 --> 02:09:56,690
let's see again

2847
02:09:57,520 --> 02:09:59,540
[Music]

2848
02:09:59,540 --> 02:10:02,340
some debunkers have suggested that the

2849
02:10:02,340 --> 02:10:03,990
astronaut could have touched the flag

2850
02:10:03,990 --> 02:10:07,320
with his elbow as he passed by but

2851
02:10:07,320 --> 02:10:09,270
a simple triangulation with the

2852
02:10:09,270 --> 02:10:11,340
photographic image shows that this was

2853
02:10:11,340 --> 02:10:13,950
not possible to

2854
02:10:13,950 --> 02:10:15,930
frame to this point from the top of the

2855
02:10:15,930 --> 02:10:18,030
head to waist should be the astronaut

2856
02:10:18,030 --> 02:10:20,310
were somewhere halfway between the

2857
02:10:20,310 --> 02:10:23,400
flag and the camera is too much

2858
02:10:23,400 --> 02:10:25,170
distance for him to have touched the

2859
02:10:25,170 --> 02:10:28,380
flag with his elbow like other debunkers

2860
02:10:28,380 --> 02:10:29,460
activism O

2861
02:10:29,460 --> 02:10:31,680
accept the fact that the astronaut did

2862
02:10:31,680 --> 02:10:33,930
not touching the flag, but suggesting that the

2863
02:10:33,930 --> 02:10:35,850
waving was caused by some kind of

2864
02:10:35,850 --> 02:10:56,610
electrostatic discharge as we have seen

2865
02:10:56,610 --> 02:10:57,120
earlier

2866
02:10:57,120 --> 02:10:59,360
however, there can be none

2867
02:10:59,360 --> 02:11:01,650
electrostatic phenomena on the sunny

2868
02:11:01,650 --> 02:11:03,840
side of the moon because of the solar wind

2869
02:11:03,840 --> 02:11:06,750
almost immediately dispels all possible

2870
02:11:06,750 --> 02:11:09,200
charge that would accumulate

2871
02:11:09,200 --> 02:11:12,600
additionally a hypothetical electrostatic

2872
02:11:12,600 --> 02:11:15,150
effect could only occur when the

2873
02:11:15,150 --> 02:11:17,460
astronaut stands right next to the flag a

2874
02:11:17,460 --> 02:11:20,670
few centimeters away, but as we have seen

2875
02:11:20,670 --> 02:11:22,590
for the distance between the

2876
02:11:22,590 --> 02:11:24,450
astronaut and the flag is free

2877
02:11:24,450 --> 02:11:27,900
substantially, at least if we look further

2878
02:11:27,900 --> 02:11:30,390
close to the astronaut's incoming frame

2879
02:11:30,390 --> 02:11:32,790
we noticed that the flag starts to move

2880
02:11:32,790 --> 02:11:36,510
even before the astronaut gets past this

2881
02:11:36,510 --> 02:11:39,300
clearly excludes both an electrostatic

2882
02:11:39,300 --> 02:11:41,850
discharge and the possibility that the

2883
02:11:41,850 --> 02:11:43,590
astronaut could have touched the flag

2884
02:11:43,590 --> 02:11:46,290
with his elbow being the only plausible one

2885
02:11:46,290 --> 02:11:48,600
explanation for the flag waving

2886
02:11:48,600 --> 02:11:50,970
seems to be caused by a displacement of air

2887
02:11:50,970 --> 02:11:54,120
by the astronaut walking past here

2888
02:11:54,120 --> 02:11:56,340
another instance of the flag flying

2889
02:11:56,340 --> 02:11:59,250
without anyone touching it this is the

2890
02:11:59,250 --> 02:12:01,710
famous scene from Apollo 16 where the

2891
02:12:01,710 --> 02:12:03,900
astronauts photograph each other while

2892
02:12:03,900 --> 02:12:07,110
jump next to the flag initially the

2893
02:12:07,110 --> 02:12:08,970
first astronaut proceeds to take one

2894
02:12:08,970 --> 02:12:11,130
photo of his colleague and asks him to do so

2895
02:12:11,130 --> 02:12:12,660
jump high in the air

2896
02:12:12,660 --> 02:12:19,680
here we go a big oh here we go

2897
02:12:19,680 --> 02:12:22,170
then we notice when they switch places

2898
02:12:22,170 --> 02:12:24,450
that the flag flies without anyone

2899
02:12:24,450 --> 02:12:28,020
touch when we speed up the playback

2900
02:12:28,020 --> 02:12:29,940
the flag movement becomes even more

2901
02:12:29,940 --> 02:12:32,150
evident

2902
02:12:34,010 --> 02:12:36,530
a little later then the second astronaut

2903
02:12:36,530 --> 02:12:38,960
also took the photo of them both

2904
02:12:38,960 --> 02:12:41,600
walk past the flag and wave it again

2905
02:12:41,600 --> 02:12:45,350
without anyone touching it again

2906
02:12:45,350 --> 02:12:49,000
the same shot in fast-forward

2907
02:12:52,190 --> 02:12:55,190
there is finally a very interesting case

2908
02:12:55,190 --> 02:12:57,710
in which the flag repeatedly flies by

2909
02:12:57,710 --> 02:12:59,900
herself more than once while the

2910
02:12:59,900 --> 02:13:02,180
astronauts are aboard the moon

2911
02:13:02,180 --> 02:13:05,210
module this is the Apollo 14 mission at

2912
02:13:05,210 --> 02:13:07,400
the end of the second and last moon

2913
02:13:07,400 --> 02:13:09,890
excursion that the two astronauts get

2914
02:13:09,890 --> 02:13:12,080
ready to re-enter the lamb when one of

2915
02:13:12,080 --> 02:13:14,000
they accidentally stumble into the

2916
02:13:14,000 --> 02:13:16,160
television cable allowing the camera to turn on

2917
02:13:16,160 --> 02:13:18,920
fall to the ground after a few seconds

2918
02:13:18,920 --> 02:13:20,990
the same astronaut approaches the camera

2919
02:13:20,990 --> 02:13:23,240
and put it back in position while its

2920
02:13:23,240 --> 02:13:25,190
colleague starts to climb the ladder of

2921
02:13:25,190 --> 02:13:26,590
the lamb

2922
02:13:26,590 --> 02:13:29,390
after this, the first astronaut sets off

2923
02:13:29,390 --> 02:13:32,600
back to the LEM from this point on no

2924
02:13:32,600 --> 02:13:35,990
one will touch the camera again

2925
02:13:35,990 --> 02:13:37,820
first astronaut completes some loading

2926
02:13:37,820 --> 02:13:40,070
operations by means of a pulley then

2927
02:13:40,070 --> 02:13:44,120
climbs the ladder as well as the two

2928
02:13:44,120 --> 02:13:46,610
astronauts close the lamb and prepare

2929
02:13:46,610 --> 02:13:49,040
before departure, the camera continues

2930
02:13:49,040 --> 02:13:52,100
take in the blank scene for fifteen minutes

2931
02:13:52,100 --> 02:13:54,620
pass without anything happening

2932
02:13:54,620 --> 02:13:57,500
but then at some point without anyone

2933
02:13:57,500 --> 02:13:59,750
possibly touching we see the flag

2934
02:13:59,750 --> 02:14:02,360
swaying and partially coming into view

2935
02:14:02,360 --> 02:14:06,110
the right side of the picture after 15

2936
02:14:06,110 --> 02:14:07,820
seconds the flag moves in the other

2937
02:14:07,820 --> 02:14:09,980
direction to return to the original

2938
02:14:09,980 --> 02:14:14,660
position after another 20 seconds

2939
02:14:14,660 --> 02:14:17,360
flag comes back into view as if it were a light

2940
02:14:17,360 --> 02:14:19,770
wind moved it

2941
02:14:19,770 --> 02:14:22,140
the flag remains visible for about half

2942
02:14:22,140 --> 02:14:24,600
one minute then fades back to the

2943
02:14:24,600 --> 02:14:28,140
right a few minutes later the same

2944
02:14:28,140 --> 02:14:30,630
thing happens for the third time the

2945
02:14:30,630 --> 02:14:33,030
flag enters the frame from the right

2946
02:14:33,030 --> 02:14:36,750
exits and then swings back in and finally

2947
02:14:36,750 --> 02:14:40,320
disappears from view as we said

2948
02:14:40,320 --> 02:14:43,050
before both astronauts are already inside

2949
02:14:43,050 --> 02:14:45,030
the LEM and there's no one else around

2950
02:14:45,030 --> 02:14:46,760
who could have touched the flag

2951
02:14:46,760 --> 02:14:49,770
moreover by using this white object

2952
02:14:49,770 --> 02:14:52,050
as a reference, we can note that the

2953
02:14:52,050 --> 02:14:54,120
frame does not rotate from left to right

2954
02:14:54,120 --> 02:14:57,090
but it stays fixed in other words it

2955
02:14:57,090 --> 02:14:59,550
is not the camera moving sideways

2956
02:14:59,550 --> 02:15:02,310
the flag actually flies when he enters

2957
02:15:02,310 --> 02:15:05,700
and leaves the frame by itself some debunkers

2958
02:15:05,700 --> 02:15:07,560
have suggested that swinging the

2959
02:15:07,560 --> 02:15:09,870
flag can be caused by gas emissions

2960
02:15:09,870 --> 02:15:10,830
of the lamp

2961
02:15:10,830 --> 02:15:14,040
during the depressurization process

2962
02:15:14,040 --> 02:15:16,320
this explanation does not hold

2963
02:15:16,320 --> 02:15:19,080
at least two reasons first of all

2964
02:15:19,080 --> 02:15:21,780
expelled gas would immediately disperse

2965
02:15:21,780 --> 02:15:23,610
its pressure in the vacuum of space

2966
02:15:23,610 --> 02:15:25,890
and would not be able to

2967
02:15:25,890 --> 02:15:27,980
turbulence required to move the flag

2968
02:15:27,980 --> 02:15:30,390
second we have seen the flag

2969
02:15:30,390 --> 02:15:32,730
initially always moves from right to

2970
02:15:32,730 --> 02:15:35,580
left, in other words, it is always moving

2971
02:15:35,580 --> 02:15:38,070
towards the lamb before you hit the

2972
02:15:38,070 --> 02:15:40,860
not in the opposite direction at all

2973
02:15:40,860 --> 02:15:43,890
any hypothetical gases emanating from the

2974
02:15:43,890 --> 02:15:46,350
LEM could raise the flag to the

2975
02:15:46,350 --> 02:15:50,190
lamb self question given that there is

2976
02:15:50,190 --> 02:15:51,630
no atmosphere on the moon

2977
02:15:51,630 --> 02:15:53,790
can you explain what delays and

2978
02:15:53,790 --> 02:15:55,950
let the sand particles float in the air

2979
02:15:55,950 --> 02:15:58,470
forming small clouds of dust for them

2980
02:15:58,470 --> 02:16:00,380
fall to the ground

2981
02:16:00,380 --> 02:16:03,120
as the flag starts to move

2982
02:16:03,120 --> 02:16:05,190
even before the astronaut reaches it

2983
02:16:05,190 --> 02:16:07,080
which rules out both a static discharge

2984
02:16:07,080 --> 02:16:09,810
and you can imagine a physical contact

2985
02:16:09,810 --> 02:16:12,210
something other than the move

2986
02:16:12,210 --> 02:16:15,560
air to explain the movement of the flag

2987
02:16:15,560 --> 02:16:18,630
considering that this flag does not fly once

2988
02:16:18,630 --> 02:16:21,660
twice without anyone touching it

2989
02:16:21,660 --> 02:16:24,890
explain what caused these flag movements

2990
02:16:24,890 --> 02:16:27,570
since the astronauts have been inside

2991
02:16:27,570 --> 02:16:29,970
the lamb for at least 15 minutes and that

2992
02:16:29,970 --> 02:16:31,980
there's no one else around who could

2993
02:16:31,980 --> 02:16:33,450
may have touched the flag

2994
02:16:33,450 --> 02:16:35,280
you are proposing something other than a

2995
02:16:35,280 --> 02:16:37,410
movement of air on the set

2996
02:16:37,410 --> 02:16:41,420
explain the repeated movements of the flags

2997
02:16:41,718 --> 02:16:44,670
now let's tackle one of the best

2998
02:16:44,670 --> 02:16:47,010
known and discussed aspects of the whole

2999
02:16:47,010 --> 02:16:49,379
moon talk the photos of

3000
02:16:49,379 --> 02:16:51,870
the Apollo missions to analyze

3001
02:16:51,870 --> 02:16:54,240
them in detail we have ourselves to the

3002
02:16:54,240 --> 02:16:55,790
experience of a world famous

3003
02:16:55,790 --> 02:16:57,990
photographers who have worked for everyone

3004
02:16:57,990 --> 02:16:59,760
the most important magazines in the

3005
02:16:59,760 --> 02:17:02,430
world all these photographers were

3006
02:17:02,430 --> 02:17:04,170
already professionally active in the

3007
02:17:04,170 --> 02:17:06,870
1970 with the same cameras and the

3008
02:17:06,870 --> 02:17:09,030
the same kind of film used by NASA for the

3009
02:17:09,030 --> 02:17:12,030
Apollo photos let us introduce briefly

3010
02:17:12,030 --> 02:17:14,760
ze Tony Torey Mert photoreporter

3011
02:17:14,760 --> 02:17:16,770
portrait artist known fashion

3012
02:17:16,770 --> 02:17:19,680
photographer from the 1970s

3013
02:17:19,680 --> 02:17:20,760
has worked for some of the most

3014
02:17:20,760 --> 02:17:22,799
prestigious magazines in Italy and

3015
02:17:22,799 --> 02:17:25,260
all over the world Turin has Bird too

3016
02:17:25,260 --> 02:17:27,420
author of several books on photography

3017
02:17:27,420 --> 02:17:29,820
and currently runs a photo factory where

3018
02:17:29,820 --> 02:17:31,620
he regularly teaches photography

3019
02:17:31,620 --> 02:17:33,840
technique his works are presented

3020
02:17:33,840 --> 02:17:35,910
in various exhibitions around the world

3021
02:17:35,910 --> 02:17:38,129
including the Venice Biennale and

3022
02:17:38,129 --> 02:17:40,940
the tree Analia by milan aldo fal a

3023
02:17:40,940 --> 02:17:43,260
world famous fashion photographer with

3024
02:17:43,260 --> 02:17:44,940
more than 40 years internationally

3025
02:17:44,940 --> 02:17:47,490
career under his belt from the

3026
02:17:47,490 --> 02:17:49,230
In the eighties he was the civil servant

3027
02:17:49,230 --> 02:17:52,260
photographer for Giorgio Armani with his

3028
02:17:52,260 --> 02:17:54,510
refined and elegant style caught the eye

3029
02:17:54,510 --> 02:17:56,730
contributed to the creation of the fashion

3030
02:17:56,730 --> 02:17:58,770
image that has defined the Armani

3031
02:17:58,770 --> 02:18:01,889
trademark all over the world has the lie

3032
02:18:01,889 --> 02:18:03,809
published several photo books and

3033
02:18:03,809 --> 02:18:05,910
his photos have been presented in many

3034
02:18:05,910 --> 02:18:08,360
international exhibitions to his name

3035
02:18:08,360 --> 02:18:10,950
Oliviero Toscani a fashion photographer

3036
02:18:10,950 --> 02:18:13,680
known all over the world

3037
02:18:13,680 --> 02:18:16,468
1970 he literally has the

3038
02:18:16,468 --> 02:18:18,600
concept of fashion photos with his nun

3039
02:18:18,600 --> 02:18:21,420
conformist irreverent style by the way

3040
02:18:21,420 --> 02:18:23,250
have worked for the most important

3041
02:18:23,250 --> 02:18:25,468
magazines in the world that Toscani has

3042
02:18:25,468 --> 02:18:27,389
offered some of the most revolutionary

3043
02:18:27,389 --> 02:18:29,340
advertising campaigns of their time

3044
02:18:29,340 --> 02:18:31,980
like those of Benetton guru Chi and

3045
02:18:31,980 --> 02:18:36,030
Jesus genes Father Limburg at the top

3046
02:18:36,030 --> 02:18:38,059
photographers in the world for 40 years

3047
02:18:38,059 --> 02:18:40,590
Lindbergh is credited with launching it

3048
02:18:40,590 --> 02:18:42,260
the world stage the so-called

3049
02:18:42,260 --> 02:18:45,180
supermodels a team of models including

3050
02:18:45,180 --> 02:18:46,648
Cindy Crawford

3051
02:18:46,648 --> 02:18:49,709
Evangelist Naomi Campbell Tatjana

3052
02:18:49,709 --> 02:18:52,429
little ones Kate Moss Christy Turlington

3053
02:18:52,429 --> 02:18:55,169
who dominated the fashion world

3054
02:18:55,169 --> 02:18:57,449
the world in the last decade

3055
02:18:57,449 --> 02:19:00,568
Lindbergh from the last century is the only one

3056
02:19:00,568 --> 02:19:02,549
among the professional elite

3057
02:19:02,549 --> 02:19:04,769
asked three times to take the pictures

3058
02:19:04,769 --> 02:19:08,119
prestigious Pirelli calendar in 1996

3059
02:19:08,119 --> 02:19:13,049
2002 and in 2017 the favorite personal

3060
02:19:13,049 --> 02:19:15,179
photographer by many movie stars

3061
02:19:15,179 --> 02:19:16,289
Charlotte Rampling

3062
02:19:16,289 --> 02:19:19,199
to Penelope Cruz from uma Thurman to

3063
02:19:19,199 --> 02:19:21,478
Nicole Kidman Lindbergh is being considered

3064
02:19:21,478 --> 02:19:23,669
today simply one of the best life

3065
02:19:23,669 --> 02:19:26,849
photographers in the world also Massimo

3066
02:19:26,849 --> 02:19:29,068
mitsuko the author of this movie has

3067
02:19:29,068 --> 02:19:30,779
worked as a fashion photographer for

3068
02:19:30,779 --> 02:19:33,179
more than 20 years working for important

3069
02:19:33,179 --> 02:19:35,789
magazines in Italy United States Germany

3070
02:19:35,789 --> 02:19:38,999
and Australia before we hit the

3071
02:19:38,999 --> 02:19:41,429
Luna photos in detail, but we

3072
02:19:41,429 --> 02:19:43,199
should try to clear the field of some

3073
02:19:43,199 --> 02:19:45,449
incorrect arguments that sometimes are

3074
02:19:45,449 --> 02:19:47,909
used by those who claim we were never there

3075
02:19:47,909 --> 02:19:48,539
the moon

3076
02:19:48,539 --> 02:19:51,090
one of the most common mistakes is to

3077
02:19:51,090 --> 02:19:53,159
claim that these photos are fake

3078
02:19:53,159 --> 02:19:56,340
because there are no stars in the sky

3079
02:19:56,340 --> 02:19:58,380
is in fact correct that there are none

3080
02:19:58,380 --> 02:20:00,539
visible stars in the sky or the

3081
02:20:00,539 --> 02:20:02,699
pictures are taken on earth or actually

3082
02:20:02,699 --> 02:20:05,340
on the moon the locale and the

3083
02:20:05,340 --> 02:20:07,590
exposure times used by the astronauts

3084
02:20:07,590 --> 02:20:09,749
were placed directly on the back of the

3085
02:20:09,749 --> 02:20:12,989
aperture of photo cameras between 8

3086
02:20:12,989 --> 02:20:17,399
and 11 in full sun shutter speed 1 250th

3087
02:20:17,399 --> 02:20:20,189
of a second everyone who took the night

3088
02:20:20,189 --> 02:20:22,709
pictures with the old film cameras

3089
02:20:22,709 --> 02:20:25,619
that gets to 1 250ths of a second

3090
02:20:25,619 --> 02:20:27,630
impossible to catch the light of the

3091
02:20:27,630 --> 02:20:30,539
stars to see the stars one must

3092
02:20:30,539 --> 02:20:32,939
increase the exposure time to at least one

3093
02:20:32,939 --> 02:20:38,720
whole second, if not 2 or 4 seconds Condor

3094
02:20:38,720 --> 02:20:40,890
jayvo determine what is silent only

3095
02:20:40,890 --> 02:20:42,449
industry focused on ROM on the cusp of the

3096
02:20:42,449 --> 02:20:44,779
photo is still a member of my

3097
02:20:44,779 --> 02:20:48,359
professional confrontation with zona mista

3098
02:20:48,359 --> 02:20:51,689
photographer I moved to Manila and moved too

3099
02:20:51,689 --> 02:20:53,459
many illuminosa with each other recently

3100
02:20:53,459 --> 02:20:54,870
era to keep going

3101
02:20:54,870 --> 02:20:57,359
so it is correct that they exist

3102
02:20:57,359 --> 02:20:59,729
no visible stars in the Apollo photos

3103
02:20:59,729 --> 02:21:01,410
whether these were taken on Earth or

3104
02:21:01,410 --> 02:21:03,710
actually on the surface of the moon

3105
02:21:03,710 --> 02:21:06,359
another wrong argument that is often used

3106
02:21:06,359 --> 02:21:08,460
suggest that Luna is fake that of the

3107
02:21:08,460 --> 02:21:11,070
so-called fiducials so small

3108
02:21:11,070 --> 02:21:13,290
reference crosses on all

3109
02:21:13,290 --> 02:21:15,030
photos taken on the surface of the

3110
02:21:15,030 --> 02:21:18,479
Moon There are cases where some argue

3111
02:21:18,479 --> 02:21:20,760
the cross seems to disappear behind the

3112
02:21:20,760 --> 02:21:23,340
objects in the photo and since the

3113
02:21:23,340 --> 02:21:25,950
crosses are engraved on a glass

3114
02:21:25,950 --> 02:21:28,320
for the film their absence this one

3115
02:21:28,320 --> 02:21:30,479
people claim is blatant proof of this

3116
02:21:30,479 --> 02:21:33,330
manipulation when looking at the

3117
02:21:33,330 --> 02:21:35,700
High Definition originals however us

3118
02:21:35,700 --> 02:21:37,830
will find that the crosses are always

3119
02:21:37,830 --> 02:21:41,040
present sometimes their edge is washed

3120
02:21:41,040 --> 02:21:43,229
away through the bright objects behind them

3121
02:21:43,229 --> 02:21:45,090
but the cross never quite

3122
02:21:45,090 --> 02:21:47,149
disappears from the picture

3123
02:21:47,149 --> 02:21:49,920
conclusion nor the absence of stars

3124
02:21:49,920 --> 02:21:52,260
nor the apparent disappearance of the

3125
02:21:52,260 --> 02:21:54,899
crosses can be used as evidence that the

3126
02:21:54,899 --> 02:21:57,899
moon pictures are fake, let's take one

3127
02:21:57,899 --> 02:22:00,390
now look at some of the real issues

3128
02:22:00,390 --> 02:22:03,750
with the moon photos to start with us

3129
02:22:03,750 --> 02:22:05,850
have to wonder if the movie

3130
02:22:05,850 --> 02:22:08,040
with the moon pictures has ever

3131
02:22:08,040 --> 02:22:10,979
went all the way to the moon for this movie

3132
02:22:10,979 --> 02:22:13,170
there is absolutely no trace of anything

3133
02:22:13,170 --> 02:22:15,180
the damage should have been caused by

3134
02:22:15,180 --> 02:22:18,140
the radiation present in space

3135
02:22:18,140 --> 02:22:21,060
outer space beyond the Van Allen belts

3136
02:22:21,060 --> 02:22:24,090
is filled with all kinds of radiation

3137
02:22:24,090 --> 02:22:27,060
you have solar flares raging

3138
02:22:27,060 --> 02:22:29,250
through space alpha particles protons

3139
02:22:29,250 --> 02:22:32,670
and electrons at more than 1,000 miles per

3140
02:22:32,670 --> 02:22:34,920
second and then you have ultraviolet

3141
02:22:34,920 --> 02:22:38,520
rays x-rays gamma rays and cosmic rays

3142
02:22:38,520 --> 02:22:40,950
that come straight from the heart

3143
02:22:40,950 --> 02:22:43,470
of our galaxy and are the most dangerous

3144
02:22:43,470 --> 02:22:46,290
and permeating everything as explained in

3145
02:22:46,290 --> 02:22:49,170
this documentary about cosmic rays the fact

3146
02:22:49,170 --> 02:22:51,030
that these particles are practical

3147
02:22:51,030 --> 02:22:53,670
unstoppable is due to their extreme

3148
02:22:53,670 --> 02:22:56,420
high speed the key to cosmic rays

3149
02:22:56,420 --> 02:23:00,130
transformational energy is speed

3150
02:23:00,130 --> 02:23:03,410
so even if it has very small masks

3151
02:23:03,410 --> 02:23:05,630
most of the cosmic rays they have huge

3152
02:23:05,630 --> 02:23:08,330
speed so that their kinetic energy can be

3153
02:23:08,330 --> 02:23:09,979
really really big this charged

3154
02:23:09,979 --> 02:23:11,990
particles can pass right through a

3155
02:23:11,990 --> 02:23:15,890
spaceship and penetrate astronauts like

3156
02:23:15,890 --> 02:23:17,540
small ballistic missiles

3157
02:23:17,540 --> 02:23:20,170
natural if cosmic rays can penetrate

3158
02:23:20,170 --> 02:23:22,220
spaceships can do them just as easily

3159
02:23:22,220 --> 02:23:25,160
penetrate the body of a photo camera and

3160
02:23:25,160 --> 02:23:27,020
it is known that all of these

3161
02:23:27,020 --> 02:23:29,030
radiations are very harmful to

3162
02:23:29,030 --> 02:23:31,550
photographic film this is explained by

3163
02:23:31,550 --> 02:23:33,649
Douglas Arnold who was an assistant

3164
02:23:33,649 --> 02:23:35,870
then director of Kodak

3165
02:23:35,870 --> 02:23:37,640
of the Apollo missions you have one

3166
02:23:37,640 --> 02:23:40,040
huge amount of radiation in space

3167
02:23:40,040 --> 02:23:43,939
and possibly it influences the movie of

3168
02:23:43,939 --> 02:23:46,100
natural and natural as well as you

3169
02:23:46,100 --> 02:23:48,319
know that the Kupets Prime effect is on

3170
02:23:48,319 --> 02:23:51,530
contrast where an extreme example comes from

3171
02:23:51,530 --> 02:23:54,649
the pictures of chernobyl this is igor

3172
02:23:54,649 --> 02:23:57,140
kostin the Soviet photographer who shot

3173
02:23:57,140 --> 02:23:59,180
some of the most famous images of the

3174
02:23:59,180 --> 02:24:02,300
nuclear disaster of 1986 I processed

3175
02:24:02,300 --> 02:24:05,330
photos note that the negatives were black

3176
02:24:05,330 --> 02:24:08,330
the effects of radioactivity are obvious

3177
02:24:08,330 --> 02:24:11,510
visible on film, the emulsion shows something

3178
02:24:11,510 --> 02:24:13,819
very heavy greening and the colors are

3179
02:24:13,819 --> 02:24:17,660
visibly changed but even less powerful

3180
02:24:17,660 --> 02:24:19,420
radiation can cause serious damage

3181
02:24:19,420 --> 02:24:22,130
photographic film this technical

3182
02:24:22,130 --> 02:24:24,500
Bulletin published by Kodak shows the

3183
02:24:24,500 --> 02:24:26,689
damage that a photo can cause

3184
02:24:26,689 --> 02:24:29,120
film even through a single pass under one

3185
02:24:29,120 --> 02:24:32,359
the airport x-ray scanner on the left and

3186
02:24:32,359 --> 02:24:35,149
original shot on the right same movie

3187
02:24:35,149 --> 02:24:37,750
after a single pass under the scanner

3188
02:24:37,750 --> 02:24:41,090
after five scans the film is completely finished

3189
02:24:41,090 --> 02:24:43,450
ruined and the statue is barely visible

3190
02:24:43,450 --> 02:24:45,920
this is a known issue

3191
02:24:45,920 --> 02:24:48,200
professional photographers Dibby Dibby

3192
02:24:48,200 --> 02:24:51,061
apply a slack

3193
02:24:51,061 --> 02:24:53,950
raghida dinero quarter period boot

3194
02:24:53,950 --> 02:24:57,790
available in fact ovando son Dava Farah

3195
02:24:57,790 --> 02:25:00,220
via Jesus reevaluate separately Oh Perez

3196
02:25:00,220 --> 02:25:01,540
can't help you

3197
02:25:01,540 --> 02:25:03,370
here's another example with a four

3198
02:25:03,370 --> 02:25:06,040
hundred a si film the difference after a

3199
02:25:06,040 --> 02:25:08,920
single scan is quite clear contrast

3200
02:25:08,920 --> 02:25:11,561
and color saturation disappear and a

3201
02:25:11,561 --> 02:25:13,630
general fog seems to cover it

3202
02:25:13,630 --> 02:25:16,630
full image, even with sensitivities

3203
02:25:16,630 --> 02:25:18,370
closer to that used in the Apollo

3204
02:25:18,370 --> 02:25:20,680
photos of the damage caused by a single

3205
02:25:20,680 --> 02:25:23,230
passing under the scanner is clear the

3206
02:25:23,230 --> 02:25:25,240
graining is everywhere

3207
02:25:25,240 --> 02:25:27,101
photo and it will be special

3208
02:25:27,101 --> 02:25:29,771
visible in the dark areas of the image

3209
02:25:29,771 --> 02:25:33,311
here is another example at 200 AAS aa

3210
02:25:33,311 --> 02:25:35,410
single pass under the scanner

3211
02:25:35,410 --> 02:25:37,480
completely ruined the blackness of the

3212
02:25:37,480 --> 02:25:40,000
night sky in the pictures of the

3213
02:25:40,000 --> 02:25:42,280
Apollo missions whatever the sky

3214
02:25:42,280 --> 02:25:45,101
perfect black is the color saturation

3215
02:25:45,101 --> 02:25:47,470
completely preserved and there is no greening

3216
02:25:47,470 --> 02:25:49,870
in any part of the picture

3217
02:25:49,870 --> 02:25:52,300
and we must remember that the pictures

3218
02:25:52,300 --> 02:25:54,010
of the Apollo missions

3219
02:25:54,010 --> 02:25:56,680
exposed to cosmic rays which are many

3220
02:25:56,680 --> 02:25:58,601
more powerful and intrusive than

3221
02:25:58,601 --> 02:26:02,230
simple x-rays from this educational film

3222
02:26:02,230 --> 02:26:04,840
the sixties describes how cosmic rays

3223
02:26:04,840 --> 02:26:06,700
leaves a very clear mark

3224
02:26:06,700 --> 02:26:08,950
photographic film well, we don't get any

3225
02:26:08,950 --> 02:26:10,990
photo in the conventional sense, but

3226
02:26:10,990 --> 02:26:12,460
the charged particles do leave

3227
02:26:12,460 --> 02:26:15,820
identifying tracks behind here is one

3228
02:26:15,820 --> 02:26:18,190
exposure made on a balloon

3229
02:26:18,190 --> 02:26:21,010
in flight it shows a primary cosmic ray

3230
02:26:21,010 --> 02:26:23,230
particle touches a core in the film

3231
02:26:23,230 --> 02:26:25,930
emulsion you can also see an enlargement

3232
02:26:25,930 --> 02:26:27,910
picture of one of these emulsions

3233
02:26:27,910 --> 02:26:30,670
plates we must bear in mind that this

3234
02:26:30,670 --> 02:26:32,830
experiment was performed with a balloon

3235
02:26:32,830 --> 02:26:34,990
flight far below the Van Allen belts

3236
02:26:34,990 --> 02:26:37,570
were only a small part of the universe

3237
02:26:37,570 --> 02:26:39,460
rays from space succeed

3238
02:26:39,460 --> 02:26:42,460
penetrate the moon, but you don't

3239
02:26:42,460 --> 02:26:43,900
have the protection against the

3240
02:26:43,900 --> 02:26:46,360
magnetosphere and the amount of cosmic

3241
02:26:46,360 --> 02:26:48,460
rays that can harm both humans and humans

3242
02:26:48,460 --> 02:26:51,550
film is certainly much higher this is

3243
02:26:51,550 --> 02:26:54,400
explained by Dr. David seeks an expert

3244
02:26:54,400 --> 02:26:57,250
in photographic analysis, we further protected

3245
02:26:57,250 --> 02:26:59,800
earth through a nice thick atmosphere and

3246
02:26:59,800 --> 02:27:02,410
that combined with the magnetic field

3247
02:27:02,410 --> 02:27:03,350
keep the

3248
02:27:03,350 --> 02:27:07,069
ionizing particles away from us unfilmed

3249
02:27:07,069 --> 02:27:10,579
in space you didn't offer that protection

3250
02:27:10,579 --> 02:27:12,770
in fact thanks to the probes that have

3251
02:27:12,770 --> 02:27:15,050
explored the moon in recent years we

3252
02:27:15,050 --> 02:27:17,510
can be quantified with any precision

3253
02:27:17,510 --> 02:27:19,789
streams of radioactive particles present

3254
02:27:19,789 --> 02:27:22,369
in the cosmos from this document

3255
02:27:22,369 --> 02:27:25,909
published by NASA we can read the cosmic

3256
02:27:25,909 --> 02:27:28,760
beam flux per square centimeter of the moon

3257
02:27:28,760 --> 02:27:31,489
area per year contains an amount of

3258
02:27:31,489 --> 02:27:34,279
particles that translates to 4.5

3259
02:27:34,279 --> 02:27:36,319
particles per second per square

3260
02:27:36,319 --> 02:27:39,499
centimeter this document published by

3261
02:27:39,499 --> 02:27:41,539
the National Radiation Board

3262
02:27:41,539 --> 02:27:44,449
protection offers a similar amount for

3263
02:27:44,449 --> 02:27:46,669
particles per square centimeter per

3264
02:27:46,669 --> 02:27:48,919
second during a solar minimum

3265
02:27:48,919 --> 02:27:51,949
activity, this amount can be reduced upwards

3266
02:27:51,949 --> 02:27:54,800
up to 4 times during a peak of solar activity

3267
02:27:54,800 --> 02:27:58,100
so on the moon we have an average flux

3268
02:27:58,100 --> 02:28:01,189
that can vary from 1 to 4 radioactive

3269
02:28:01,189 --> 02:28:03,109
particles per second per square

3270
02:28:03,109 --> 02:28:06,140
inches a veritable downpour of cosmic

3271
02:28:06,140 --> 02:28:08,989
rays that can penetrate any object

3272
02:28:08,989 --> 02:28:11,109
that they had to find in their path

3273
02:28:11,109 --> 02:28:13,520
given that the still cameras have

3274
02:28:13,520 --> 02:28:15,319
to the lunar surface

3275
02:28:15,319 --> 02:28:17,689
eight consecutive hours without specific

3276
02:28:17,689 --> 02:28:20,029
radiation protection each role

3277
02:28:20,029 --> 02:28:21,739
film should have received dozens

3278
02:28:21,739 --> 02:28:23,689
thousands of impacts from the universe

3279
02:28:23,689 --> 02:28:25,970
rays damage the photos in a visible

3280
02:28:25,970 --> 02:28:30,709
way instead the pictures taken by the

3281
02:28:30,709 --> 02:28:33,649
astronauts show no damage at all

3282
02:28:33,649 --> 02:28:36,169
to radiant colors are perfect the

3283
02:28:36,169 --> 02:28:38,600
the contrast is fully preserved and there is

3284
02:28:38,600 --> 02:28:40,819
no visible sign of graining on the

3285
02:28:40,819 --> 02:28:44,119
emulsion this apparently inexplicable

3286
02:28:44,119 --> 02:28:46,640
fact is noted by Douglas Arnold as well

3287
02:28:46,640 --> 02:28:48,079
and David Bushes

3288
02:28:48,079 --> 02:28:50,859
when you look at the top quality results

3289
02:28:50,859 --> 02:28:52,819
duplicates you can see there is

3290
02:28:52,819 --> 02:28:54,949
there doesn't seem to be any effect

3291
02:28:54,949 --> 02:28:57,350
I would expect to see on the

3292
02:28:57,350 --> 02:29:00,020
transparencies evidence of small clear

3293
02:29:00,020 --> 02:29:02,989
dots where high speed nuclear

3294
02:29:02,989 --> 02:29:05,659
particle had hit that film I

3295
02:29:05,659 --> 02:29:07,850
don't have any proof of this

3296
02:29:07,850 --> 02:29:10,609
happened, but how is this possible

3297
02:29:10,609 --> 02:29:13,430
after all, it's NASA itself in this

3298
02:29:13,430 --> 02:29:15,709
document from the Skylab project who

3299
02:29:15,709 --> 02:29:16,750
writes the

3300
02:29:16,750 --> 02:29:18,910
radiation environment encountered during

3301
02:29:18,910 --> 02:29:20,920
Earth orbit missions were studied

3302
02:29:20,920 --> 02:29:23,200
the results indicated this extensively

3303
02:29:23,200 --> 02:29:25,720
the radiation environment could be severe

3304
02:29:25,720 --> 02:29:29,230
damage unprotected film the energy level

3305
02:29:29,230 --> 02:29:31,300
of the intergalactic cosmic rays

3306
02:29:31,300 --> 02:29:34,410
explains that the document is so high that no

3307
02:29:34,410 --> 02:29:37,120
practical method exists for eliminating it

3308
02:29:37,120 --> 02:29:40,690
cosmic rays humiliatingly damage this

3309
02:29:40,690 --> 02:29:43,210
factor must be accepted and though

3310
02:29:43,210 --> 02:29:44,950
it shouldn't be significant

3311
02:29:44,950 --> 02:29:47,560
unacceptable for short term exposure all

3312
02:29:47,560 --> 02:29:50,040
with relatively insensitive types of film

3313
02:29:50,040 --> 02:29:52,720
we then asked the following questions

3314
02:29:52,720 --> 02:29:55,660
considering that according to NASA No

3315
02:29:55,660 --> 02:29:58,390
practical method exists for eliminating it

3316
02:29:58,390 --> 02:30:01,450
cosmic ray damage and that this

3317
02:30:01,450 --> 02:30:04,270
degrading factor must be accepted where

3318
02:30:04,270 --> 02:30:06,370
the degradation is significant but

3319
02:30:06,370 --> 02:30:08,260
acceptable, but would be on the

3320
02:30:08,260 --> 02:30:11,020
moon photos as this is the

3321
02:30:11,020 --> 02:30:13,450
result of cosmic rays impact on film

3322
02:30:13,450 --> 02:30:15,760
in the magnetosphere where radiation

3323
02:30:15,760 --> 02:30:18,610
is weaker than an external space

3324
02:30:18,610 --> 02:30:21,280
explain why on the moon photos there

3325
02:30:21,280 --> 02:30:24,420
are no visible signs of radiation damage

3326
02:30:24,420 --> 02:30:26,980
since this is the result of a

3327
02:30:26,980 --> 02:30:29,860
simple x-ray scan that only takes a few times

3328
02:30:29,860 --> 02:30:32,680
seconds you can explain why in the

3329
02:30:32,680 --> 02:30:34,750
Apollo photos exposed

3330
02:30:34,750 --> 02:30:36,940
of comic rays for up to eight

3331
02:30:36,940 --> 02:30:39,610
consecutive hours nothing is visible

3332
02:30:39,610 --> 02:30:43,000
greening therefore given the moon

3333
02:30:43,000 --> 02:30:45,280
surface is hit by an average of one on

3334
02:30:45,280 --> 02:30:47,680
four particles per square centimeter per

3335
02:30:47,680 --> 02:30:49,870
second and that the cameras have been

3336
02:30:49,870 --> 02:30:52,450
maximum unprotected on the surface

3337
02:30:52,450 --> 02:30:54,970
eight consecutive hours can you explain

3338
02:30:54,970 --> 02:30:57,310
why in the moon photos there are none

3339
02:30:57,310 --> 02:30:59,650
signs of degradation due to the

3340
02:30:59,650 --> 02:31:04,870
radiation to be another question

3341
02:31:04,870 --> 02:31:06,970
answered is how can the cameras have

3342
02:31:06,970 --> 02:31:09,010
worked on the moon given the extreme

3343
02:31:09,010 --> 02:31:11,350
temperatures especially the cold that

3344
02:31:11,350 --> 02:31:12,880
are found on the surface of our

3345
02:31:12,880 --> 02:31:15,220
being satellite there is none

3346
02:31:15,220 --> 02:31:17,320
atmosphere to ease the transition

3347
02:31:17,320 --> 02:31:19,650
between sun and shadow on the moon

3348
02:31:19,650 --> 02:31:22,930
temperatures can easily go from 200 plus

3349
02:31:22,930 --> 02:31:25,480
degrees in the areas hit by the sun

3350
02:31:25,480 --> 02:31:27,790
temperatures in excess of 200 degrees

3351
02:31:27,790 --> 02:31:28,771
below

3352
02:31:28,771 --> 02:31:31,351
Oh in the shadows in the space you face

3353
02:31:31,351 --> 02:31:34,290
the sun it is 240 degrees the dark side is

3354
02:31:34,290 --> 02:31:37,110
240 degrees below zero the environment

3355
02:31:37,110 --> 02:31:40,110
hazards were very heavy, such as thermal

3356
02:31:40,110 --> 02:31:42,120
control I mean it makes you into it

3357
02:31:42,120 --> 02:31:43,670
shadow on the moon and they can fall

3358
02:31:43,670 --> 02:31:46,021
hundreds of degrees below zero

3359
02:31:46,021 --> 02:31:48,480
but how can a camera continue to work

3360
02:31:48,480 --> 02:31:51,000
such extreme conditions given that it is

3361
02:31:51,000 --> 02:31:53,340
delicate mechanisms are subject to the

3362
02:31:53,340 --> 02:31:55,681
effects of thermal expansion and thermal

3363
02:31:55,681 --> 02:31:58,650
contraction let's take Neil for example

3364
02:31:58,650 --> 02:32:00,620
Armstrong's descent to the lunar surface

3365
02:32:00,620 --> 02:32:03,391
from the moment the hatch is open and

3366
02:32:03,391 --> 02:32:05,610
the cabin is depressurized until

3367
02:32:05,610 --> 02:32:07,740
Armstrong actually hits the ground

3368
02:32:07,740 --> 02:32:11,790
about 30 minutes go through the whole descent

3369
02:32:11,790 --> 02:32:13,800
of the astronaut takes place in the

3370
02:32:13,800 --> 02:32:16,320
shadow area of ​​the Lamb which means in

3371
02:32:16,320 --> 02:32:19,080
an environment about 200 degrees lower

3372
02:32:19,080 --> 02:32:22,170
zero as soon as Armstrong hits the ground

3373
02:32:22,170 --> 02:32:24,900
his companion lowers the camera in front of him

3374
02:32:24,900 --> 02:32:27,780
through the open porch Armstrong straps

3375
02:32:27,780 --> 02:32:31,950
the camera moves to his chest for a few

3376
02:32:31,950 --> 02:32:34,110
steps back and takes the first set of

3377
02:32:34,110 --> 02:32:36,391
photos always remain in shadow

3378
02:32:36,391 --> 02:32:41,910
of the lens this is the full range of

3379
02:32:41,910 --> 02:32:44,400
photos taken by Armstrong without ever

3380
02:32:44,400 --> 02:32:46,620
leave the moon's shadow region

3381
02:32:46,620 --> 02:32:49,410
module but how can this camera hold

3382
02:32:49,410 --> 02:32:52,170
work in an environment of about 200

3383
02:32:52,170 --> 02:32:54,840
degrees below zero we know that picture

3384
02:32:54,840 --> 02:32:57,271
cameras tend to jam a lot

3385
02:32:57,271 --> 02:32:59,370
less extreme temperatures due to the

3386
02:32:59,370 --> 02:33:01,200
thermal contraction that the

3387
02:33:01,200 --> 02:33:04,910
gears for film transport

3388
02:33:08,320 --> 02:33:11,479
[Music]

3389
02:33:13,689 --> 02:33:15,220
you can't imagine doing that

3390
02:33:15,220 --> 02:33:16,660
because in fact a legitimate some

3391
02:33:16,660 --> 02:33:20,110
Italian school, you know some ways in which

3392
02:33:20,110 --> 02:33:22,750
touch it - if one so happy spent on the

3393
02:33:22,750 --> 02:33:32,040
so ready to start to start uh yes

3394
02:33:34,410 --> 02:33:38,140
government is the multi-Rossini Dawson

3395
02:33:38,140 --> 02:33:42,640
on ours a propeller mechanical chemical

3396
02:33:42,640 --> 02:33:46,210
D seems a more difficult culture, but in

3397
02:33:46,210 --> 02:33:49,960
this movie they should reveal

3398
02:33:49,960 --> 02:33:52,410
everyday

3399
02:33:52,610 --> 02:33:55,830
this promotional video from Audi die

3400
02:33:55,830 --> 02:33:57,990
plans to send an unmanned Rover to the

3401
02:33:57,990 --> 02:34:00,840
Moon explains how it went even ten minutes

3402
02:34:00,840 --> 02:34:02,640
into the moon shadow

3403
02:34:02,640 --> 02:34:04,950
vehicles mechanical parts into a complete

3404
02:34:04,950 --> 02:34:06,840
clogging by thermal contraction

3405
02:34:06,840 --> 02:34:09,480
another danger to watch for shadows

3406
02:34:09,480 --> 02:34:11,880
which could immediately damage the rover

3407
02:34:11,880 --> 02:34:13,800
that is due to the extreme of the moon

3408
02:34:13,800 --> 02:34:15,600
changes in temperatures and lack of

3409
02:34:15,600 --> 02:34:17,521
atmosphere of which the rover is made

3410
02:34:17,521 --> 02:34:19,710
different materials that all expand

3411
02:34:19,710 --> 02:34:21,210
and contract when they are at temperature

3412
02:34:21,210 --> 02:34:23,940
changes if the rover were to break in

3413
02:34:23,940 --> 02:34:26,790
a shade that can cool down to 50%

3414
02:34:26,790 --> 02:34:28,530
his normal temperature is below 10

3415
02:34:28,530 --> 02:34:30,330
minutes can lead to parts

3416
02:34:30,330 --> 02:34:32,550
contract too quickly and eventually

3417
02:34:32,550 --> 02:34:35,430
render the rover immobile due to the

3418
02:34:35,430 --> 02:34:37,380
lack of atmosphere the heat dispersion

3419
02:34:37,380 --> 02:34:39,660
on the moon occurs through irradiation

3420
02:34:39,660 --> 02:34:42,750
and we know Armstrong's camera has that

3421
02:34:42,750 --> 02:34:44,670
spent more than half an hour in one

3422
02:34:44,670 --> 02:34:47,690
environment at 200 degrees below zero

3423
02:34:47,690 --> 02:34:51,180
this radio communication confirms that

3424
02:34:51,180 --> 02:34:53,730
35 minutes have passed since the moment

3425
02:34:53,730 --> 02:34:55,680
the cabin was depressurized and the

3426
02:34:55,680 --> 02:34:58,860
astronaut survival backpack called PLSS

3427
02:34:58,860 --> 02:35:02,030
is activated

3428
02:35:03,740 --> 02:35:06,810
also this table describing the timeline

3429
02:35:06,810 --> 02:35:09,090
of operations on the moon

3430
02:35:09,090 --> 02:35:11,070
that about 30 minutes have passed

3431
02:35:11,070 --> 02:35:13,530
the depressurization of the cabins to the

3432
02:35:13,530 --> 02:35:15,570
when Armstrong took the

3433
02:35:15,570 --> 02:35:18,271
camera this means the camera has

3434
02:35:18,271 --> 02:35:20,610
had enough time to irradiate and

3435
02:35:20,610 --> 02:35:23,070
dissipate much of the heat it had

3436
02:35:23,070 --> 02:35:26,670
collected while in the cabin how can

3437
02:35:26,670 --> 02:35:28,890
this camera continues to work after having it

3438
02:35:28,890 --> 02:35:30,570
spent more than half an hour

3439
02:35:30,570 --> 02:35:33,390
at 200 degrees below zero without

3440
02:35:33,390 --> 02:35:35,700
suffer from the effects of thermal

3441
02:35:35,700 --> 02:35:38,360
contraction on the mechanical parts

3442
02:35:38,360 --> 02:35:41,490
question given the audi technicians

3443
02:35:41,490 --> 02:35:43,260
fear the complete blocking of the

3444
02:35:43,260 --> 02:35:45,420
mechanical parts of their Rover

3445
02:35:45,420 --> 02:35:47,190
spent only 10 minutes in the moon

3446
02:35:47,190 --> 02:35:47,640
shadow

3447
02:35:47,640 --> 02:35:49,950
how can a camera continue to work after that

3448
02:35:49,950 --> 02:35:51,780
more than half an hour in the

3449
02:35:51,780 --> 02:35:54,480
the same shade as the mechanical parts

3450
02:35:54,480 --> 02:35:56,850
much more accurate and delicate than that one

3451
02:35:56,850 --> 02:36:00,030
of a lunar rover another problem

3452
02:36:00,030 --> 02:36:01,980
associated with the cold environment

3453
02:36:01,980 --> 02:36:04,021
that at such low temperatures the

3454
02:36:04,021 --> 02:36:04,980
photographic

3455
02:36:04,980 --> 02:36:07,650
loses its flexibility becomes rigid and

3456
02:36:07,650 --> 02:36:09,750
can easily break during transport

3457
02:36:09,750 --> 02:36:12,720
in the camera, even though we're in it

3458
02:36:12,720 --> 02:36:15,061
the vacuum causes the film to hit the camera

3459
02:36:15,061 --> 02:36:18,391
body along its path since the camera

3460
02:36:18,391 --> 02:36:21,480
radiates and thus gradually loses heat

3461
02:36:21,480 --> 02:36:24,240
puts the movie in and we know it

3462
02:36:24,240 --> 02:36:26,490
photographic under a certain temperature

3463
02:36:26,490 --> 02:36:29,280
film becomes almost stiff and brittle

3464
02:36:29,280 --> 02:36:32,120
like glass probably my Killa película

3465
02:36:32,120 --> 02:36:35,340
Tanta hasn't lost a crystal, not you

3466
02:36:35,340 --> 02:36:37,860
momentum could carry the key is his pet you

3467
02:36:37,860 --> 02:36:40,740
know kweilyn tesla multi probably the

3468
02:36:40,740 --> 02:36:42,601
shadow, you know they're starting to get the same

3469
02:36:42,601 --> 02:36:44,400
pronoun Degrassi problema till our

3470
02:36:44,400 --> 02:36:47,880
oldest Remo friend o EK la película de

3471
02:36:47,880 --> 02:36:51,420
vente veto friend or friend amici are one

3472
02:36:51,420 --> 02:36:54,830
human record in russia a manual in t SE

3473
02:36:54,830 --> 02:36:57,630
c fight will hasta la ever suspect

3474
02:36:57,630 --> 02:37:16,021
película Jeremy Noventa say let's now

3475
02:37:16,021 --> 02:37:18,300
research the issues related to the type

3476
02:37:18,300 --> 02:37:20,250
lighting used for the moon photos

3477
02:37:20,250 --> 02:37:22,771
there are different elements

3478
02:37:22,771 --> 02:37:24,570
suggest that an artificial source

3479
02:37:24,570 --> 02:37:26,730
instead of the sun used to

3480
02:37:26,730 --> 02:37:29,280
illuminate the set this would of course

3481
02:37:29,280 --> 02:37:31,260
mean that the pictures have been taken

3482
02:37:31,260 --> 02:37:33,931
earth and not the first on the moon

3483
02:37:33,931 --> 02:37:35,370
elements suggest the use of

3484
02:37:35,370 --> 02:37:37,590
artificial light are called hot

3485
02:37:37,590 --> 02:37:38,190
stains

3486
02:37:38,190 --> 02:37:41,490
the sun is extremely extremely powerful

3487
02:37:41,490 --> 02:37:43,950
light source that can illuminate

3488
02:37:43,950 --> 02:37:46,620
whole planets with its rays for this

3489
02:37:46,620 --> 02:37:48,960
reason when the sun illuminates a great one

3490
02:37:48,960 --> 02:37:51,931
flat expanse the light reaches everyone

3491
02:37:51,931 --> 02:37:53,940
visible point with the same intensity

3492
02:37:53,940 --> 02:37:56,730
whether we are observing an area closer to us

3493
02:37:56,730 --> 02:37:59,190
or one in the distance the brightness of

3494
02:37:59,190 --> 02:38:01,110
the ground is practically the same

3495
02:38:01,110 --> 02:38:03,990
everywhere this is due to the fact that

3496
02:38:03,990 --> 02:38:05,730
the sun is thousands of times bigger

3497
02:38:05,730 --> 02:38:08,431
than Earth, which means it can be done easily

3498
02:38:08,431 --> 02:38:10,860
illuminate any part of the surface

3499
02:38:10,860 --> 02:38:14,010
with the same intensity as we use one

3500
02:38:14,010 --> 02:38:16,470
artificial light source instead as before

3501
02:38:16,470 --> 02:38:18,900
for example a movie lights the area of

3502
02:38:18,900 --> 02:38:21,500
illuminated area will be much smaller

3503
02:38:21,500 --> 02:38:23,820
moreover in the center of the

3504
02:38:23,820 --> 02:38:26,131
illuminated area we will see what is

3505
02:38:26,131 --> 02:38:28,980
called a hotspot as we go

3506
02:38:28,980 --> 02:38:30,721
from the center we will notice one

3507
02:38:30,721 --> 02:38:32,610
significant decrease in brightness

3508
02:38:32,610 --> 02:38:57,690
called fall-off if we examine some of them now

3509
02:38:57,690 --> 02:38:59,761
photos from the Apollo missions we

3510
02:38:59,761 --> 02:39:01,801
will notice the same phenomenon that we

3511
02:39:01,801 --> 02:39:03,690
saw in the pictures taken with a

3512
02:39:03,690 --> 02:39:06,601
artificial source a noticeable hotspot

3513
02:39:06,601 --> 02:39:09,330
in the center of the image and adjust as

3514
02:39:09,330 --> 02:39:11,670
noticeable drop of light as we leave

3515
02:39:11,670 --> 02:39:15,560
from the center of the illuminated area

3516
02:39:15,560 --> 02:39:43,470
[Music]

3517
02:39:43,470 --> 02:39:46,450
there is no reason why this area should

3518
02:39:46,450 --> 02:39:49,480
appear darker than those in this area

3519
02:39:49,480 --> 02:39:52,540
darker than that of this area darker

3520
02:39:52,540 --> 02:39:55,210
than these as we have seen before

3521
02:39:55,210 --> 02:39:57,820
when the sun illuminates a large area

3522
02:39:57,820 --> 02:40:00,340
of the land its light reaches all visible

3523
02:40:00,340 --> 02:40:03,521
point with the same intensity as we use

3524
02:40:03,521 --> 02:40:05,800
an artificial light instead of the

3525
02:40:05,800 --> 02:40:07,900
illuminated area becomes brighter in the

3526
02:40:07,900 --> 02:40:10,540
center and getting darker as we move

3527
02:40:10,540 --> 02:40:13,540
to the edges a blatant case of

3528
02:40:13,540 --> 02:40:15,521
hotspot can be found in one of the most

3529
02:40:15,521 --> 02:40:18,340
famous photos from NASA this shot of

3530
02:40:18,340 --> 02:40:20,681
Buzz Aldrin taken by Neil Armstrong

3531
02:40:20,681 --> 02:40:23,440
during the Apollo 11 mission here the

3532
02:40:23,440 --> 02:40:25,120
difference on the ground is already there

3533
02:40:25,120 --> 02:40:27,311
visible to the naked eye, but it becomes

3534
02:40:27,311 --> 02:40:29,590
absolutely clear to everyone

3535
02:40:29,590 --> 02:40:32,860
after we increase the contrast

3536
02:40:32,860 --> 02:40:35,080
opinion about this photo was asked to Yan

3537
02:40:35,080 --> 02:40:37,150
Lundberg the Hasselblad technician

3538
02:40:37,150 --> 02:40:39,370
responsible for providing NASA with the

3539
02:40:39,370 --> 02:40:42,070
cameras for the Apollo missions when

3540
02:40:42,070 --> 02:40:44,740
showed the Aldrin photo that Lundberg had to

3541
02:40:44,740 --> 02:40:46,900
acknowledge that with some shame

3542
02:40:46,900 --> 02:40:49,061
the image appears to be undershot

3543
02:40:49,061 --> 02:40:51,190
a movie light and was unable to provide

3544
02:40:51,190 --> 02:40:53,561
a valid explanation for that yes it

3545
02:40:53,561 --> 02:40:55,300
looks like he's in the

3546
02:40:55,300 --> 02:41:00,181
spotlight and I can't explain it

3547
02:41:01,920 --> 02:41:04,000
that eludes me

3548
02:41:04,000 --> 02:41:10,420
why you may need to find Armstrong

3549
02:41:10,420 --> 02:41:12,280
and ask the professional

3550
02:41:12,280 --> 02:41:14,530
photographers were also very surprised

3551
02:41:14,530 --> 02:41:16,870
noticeable and understandable

3552
02:41:16,870 --> 02:41:23,130
fading light in the distance Lucci

3553
02:41:28,610 --> 02:41:35,130
Universal non-central Tobias terminal

3554
02:41:35,130 --> 02:41:40,400
operator if it is already typical la madrastra

3555
02:41:40,400 --> 02:41:43,650
the races of the schooler part of

3556
02:41:43,650 --> 02:41:46,590
what part number what greater than

3557
02:41:46,590 --> 02:41:50,761
la parte nombre non-sustainable another

3558
02:41:50,761 --> 02:41:54,660
reversal reversal as we learn is

3559
02:41:54,660 --> 02:41:58,490
Dominick Ozawkie KS Todd fashion de

3560
02:41:58,490 --> 02:42:02,940
good care the OREA who deserve to win

3561
02:42:02,940 --> 02:42:07,620
d CR queen application school rock which one

3562
02:42:07,620 --> 02:42:13,051
a symbol a strip a technological motif or

3563
02:42:13,051 --> 02:42:16,101
the leaders of Questacon yes okay so Lee

3564
02:42:16,101 --> 02:42:19,551
look what rebus a law school route Oh

3565
02:42:19,551 --> 02:42:24,931
Jamal okay a Fidelio identity bus

3566
02:42:24,931 --> 02:42:28,670
MIP loogie but no question people do

3567
02:42:28,670 --> 02:42:32,370
even suppose a deposit or service in the salon

3568
02:42:32,370 --> 02:42:35,070
taco Grande fire on West Ishida

3569
02:42:35,070 --> 02:42:39,900
but when 200-500 my a Mariners a cube a

3570
02:42:39,900 --> 02:42:43,261
koala to validate their soul a queen

3571
02:42:43,261 --> 02:42:46,080
perfect signal decorative graphics

3572
02:42:46,080 --> 02:42:49,440
studio Malta same so in fact sermon

3573
02:42:49,440 --> 02:42:53,990
I study this beautiful logistics though

3574
02:42:53,990 --> 02:42:58,410
quiero l'amor tisane BRABUS not yet

3575
02:42:58,410 --> 02:43:01,561
captain in uniform I meant enlightener

3576
02:43:01,561 --> 02:43:07,200
where Sony silica does the classroom

3577
02:43:07,200 --> 02:43:09,740
access

3578
02:43:11,400 --> 02:43:15,061
only spotlights

3579
02:43:26,180 --> 02:43:29,420
it is well

3580
02:43:30,689 --> 02:43:40,470
and I know this pixel is totally total

3581
02:43:40,470 --> 02:43:48,710
Park güell infinite solution coma fast

3582
02:43:48,890 --> 02:43:53,720
sorry so this corner see your place soon

3583
02:43:53,720 --> 02:43:57,680
Bravo cereal

3584
02:43:57,680 --> 02:44:02,250
ran the series a cereal for those who

3585
02:44:02,250 --> 02:44:04,380
are not professionals is a big and

3586
02:44:04,380 --> 02:44:05,189
powerful

3587
02:44:05,189 --> 02:44:07,650
film light and curiously enough a

3588
02:44:07,650 --> 02:44:09,420
a similar picture was obtained here

3589
02:44:09,420 --> 02:44:11,520
documentary about the moon landings

3590
02:44:11,520 --> 02:44:14,490
just use that a big movie light if

3591
02:44:14,490 --> 02:44:17,640
one can see that the results are very much

3592
02:44:17,640 --> 02:44:19,830
similar to those present in the aldryn

3593
02:44:19,830 --> 02:44:22,920
photo according to Paulo activism oh

3594
02:44:22,920 --> 02:44:24,930
however, there is another explanation

3595
02:44:24,930 --> 02:44:26,670
for the loss of light in the

3596
02:44:26,670 --> 02:44:28,890
distance it would have been the engine

3597
02:44:28,890 --> 02:44:31,620
of the Lamb he claims to blow the dust

3598
02:44:31,620 --> 02:44:33,960
away during landing thus revealing

3599
02:44:33,960 --> 02:44:51,270
the lighter sand underneath but this

3600
02:44:51,270 --> 02:44:53,700
hypothesis of atavism o does not hold

3601
02:44:53,700 --> 02:44:56,220
water for at least two reasons, the first

3602
02:44:56,220 --> 02:44:59,040
one is that the hotspot phenomenon lasts

3603
02:44:59,040 --> 02:45:00,840
place in different missions and in

3604
02:45:00,840 --> 02:45:03,060
different situations some of which

3605
02:45:03,060 --> 02:45:05,130
certainly far away from the landing

3606
02:45:05,130 --> 02:45:07,650
region of the Lamb it is ridiculous

3607
02:45:07,650 --> 02:45:09,420
guess the lunar module would have

3608
02:45:09,420 --> 02:45:11,880
walked around too neatly blowing the dust off

3609
02:45:11,880 --> 02:45:14,030
all these areas before it landed

3610
02:45:14,030 --> 02:45:17,310
second, NASA itself denies the fact

3611
02:45:17,310 --> 02:45:19,320
that the sand is below the surface of the

3612
02:45:19,320 --> 02:45:21,420
The moon is brighter than the one on the

3613
02:45:21,420 --> 02:45:24,030
surface it is in fact the exact opposite

3614
02:45:24,030 --> 02:45:26,430
in this report on the tough missions

3615
02:45:26,430 --> 02:45:28,520
published in 1969

3616
02:45:28,520 --> 02:45:30,890
NASA wrote observations of the

3617
02:45:30,890 --> 02:45:32,649
fine-grained parts of the lunar surface

3618
02:45:32,649 --> 02:45:35,270
disrupted by the landing and launch of

3619
02:45:35,270 --> 02:45:37,279
the surveyor showed six spacecraft

3620
02:45:37,279 --> 02:45:39,859
that the lunar material did not expose debts

3621
02:45:39,859 --> 02:45:42,199
larger than a few millimeters has a

3622
02:45:42,199 --> 02:45:44,630
significantly lower normal luminance

3623
02:45:44,630 --> 02:45:47,510
factor than the undisturbed surface

3624
02:45:47,510 --> 02:45:49,579
in other words swept to the ground by the

3625
02:45:49,579 --> 02:45:51,890
jet from lunar modules should appear darker

3626
02:45:51,890 --> 02:45:53,930
then the rest if anything and sure

3627
02:45:53,930 --> 02:45:56,949
not lighter as activism Oh says

3628
02:45:56,949 --> 02:45:59,239
another theory put forward by the

3629
02:45:59,239 --> 02:46:01,340
debunkers to explain the inconsistency

3630
02:46:01,340 --> 02:46:03,229
lighting of the area is the

3631
02:46:03,229 --> 02:46:06,050
the so-called vignette effect is a phenomenon

3632
02:46:06,050 --> 02:46:08,060
that sometimes shows up in photos when

3633
02:46:08,060 --> 02:46:10,069
the corners of the frame appear darker

3634
02:46:10,069 --> 02:46:12,500
then the rest of the image

3635
02:46:12,500 --> 02:46:14,840
vignetting is a defect that occurs alone

3636
02:46:14,840 --> 02:46:17,420
in the cheap lenses and certainly not

3637
02:46:17,420 --> 02:46:19,880
in the Zeiss lens is used by Hasselblad

3638
02:46:19,880 --> 02:46:23,560
which are simply the best in the world

3639
02:46:23,560 --> 02:46:25,670
problem at the Vinnitsa - Reza barati

3640
02:46:25,670 --> 02:46:28,970
voice-over no see brother minister who

3641
02:46:28,970 --> 02:46:33,199
katyana does not suggest a Lava window

3642
02:46:33,199 --> 02:46:36,560
ceramics see also Anita do Lehrer

3643
02:46:36,560 --> 02:46:38,479
different pictures show have the

3644
02:46:38,479 --> 02:46:40,550
difference between hotspot and fall-off

3645
02:46:40,550 --> 02:46:42,529
is in the center of the photo

3646
02:46:42,529 --> 02:46:44,779
as in the case of this reflected image

3647
02:46:44,779 --> 02:46:47,510
in the astronaut's sights and ever since

3648
02:46:47,510 --> 02:46:49,310
vignetting never occurs in the

3649
02:46:49,310 --> 02:46:51,319
center of the image with which we can speak

3650
02:46:51,319 --> 02:46:53,270
certainty that we are facing a real one

3651
02:46:53,270 --> 02:46:55,670
phenomenon on the ground and not a case

3652
02:46:55,670 --> 02:46:59,960
from vignetting astronomy astronomy it is

3653
02:46:59,960 --> 02:47:06,560
all very dark West apart a chorus a coma

3654
02:47:06,560 --> 02:47:10,069
see for example an inverted a luminary crystal

3655
02:47:10,069 --> 02:47:13,069
own and operate this is supposed to be

3656
02:47:13,069 --> 02:47:14,810
come from the sun yes

3657
02:47:14,810 --> 02:47:25,100
the sun isn't strong enough anyway

3658
02:47:25,100 --> 02:47:29,239
yes here is another similar example in it

3659
02:47:29,239 --> 02:47:31,159
which is quite the lighting problem

3660
02:47:31,159 --> 02:47:33,529
clear when looking at the sides of the

3661
02:47:33,529 --> 02:47:35,840
astronaut photographer, we notice that

3662
02:47:35,840 --> 02:47:37,580
on the left, the ground is brightly lit

3663
02:47:37,580 --> 02:47:39,649
while on the right there is a drama

3664
02:47:39,649 --> 02:47:42,439
decrease in brightness as this scene

3665
02:47:42,439 --> 02:47:44,840
were these really illuminated by the sun

3666
02:47:44,840 --> 02:47:46,670
area of ​​the ground would appear as

3667
02:47:46,670 --> 02:47:50,420
brightly lit as this finally as one

3668
02:47:50,420 --> 02:47:52,790
possible explanation called a phenomenon

3669
02:47:52,790 --> 02:47:55,670
Holy ensign has been introduced

3670
02:47:55,670 --> 02:47:57,920
refers to that peculiar halo of light

3671
02:47:57,920 --> 02:48:00,170
which sometimes appears around the shadow

3672
02:48:00,170 --> 02:48:01,840
of the photographer in particular

3673
02:48:01,840 --> 02:48:04,880
situations but the Huygens gloss effect

3674
02:48:04,880 --> 02:48:07,250
occurs only when the sun is located

3675
02:48:07,250 --> 02:48:09,470
right behind the photographer's head

3676
02:48:09,470 --> 02:48:12,260
together with the axis of the lens this is

3677
02:48:12,260 --> 02:48:14,600
the reason why the halo effect is

3678
02:48:14,600 --> 02:48:16,939
by a retroreflection phenomenon

3679
02:48:16,939 --> 02:48:19,609
the ground appears around his shadow

3680
02:48:19,609 --> 02:48:22,729
as we have seen many of the hot ones instead

3681
02:48:22,729 --> 02:48:24,979
spots and the NASA photos appear when

3682
02:48:24,979 --> 02:48:26,840
the light source is placed on the side

3683
02:48:26,840 --> 02:48:29,119
of the photographer and not behind his

3684
02:48:29,119 --> 02:48:32,720
main question given that the sun should

3685
02:48:32,720 --> 02:48:34,670
eliminate the whole landscape with the

3686
02:48:34,670 --> 02:48:37,220
the same intensity both near and far

3687
02:48:37,220 --> 02:48:39,619
can you explain the reason for the

3688
02:48:39,619 --> 02:48:41,720
noticeable decrease in the light seen in it

3689
02:48:41,720 --> 02:48:44,930
many of the Apollo pictures in here

3690
02:48:44,930 --> 02:48:46,939
in a particular case, the dropout occurs

3691
02:48:46,939 --> 02:48:48,680
in the middle of the frame

3692
02:48:48,680 --> 02:48:54,109
excluding vignette excluding de

3693
02:48:54,109 --> 02:48:56,869
can you explain highlig and shine effect

3694
02:48:56,869 --> 02:48:58,760
the reason for the noticeable drop

3695
02:48:58,760 --> 02:49:00,680
light visible on site

3696
02:49:00,680 --> 02:49:04,851
right behind the astronaut photographer

3697
02:49:04,851 --> 02:49:07,710
another problem found in certain Luna

3698
02:49:07,710 --> 02:49:10,051
photos is the direction of the shadows

3699
02:49:10,051 --> 02:49:12,000
which must be parallel to each other

3700
02:49:12,000 --> 02:49:14,851
if only they were generated by the sun

3701
02:49:14,851 --> 02:49:17,431
inexplicably disintegrated on the ground

3702
02:49:17,431 --> 02:49:20,671
instead because of the sheer distance

3703
02:49:20,671 --> 02:49:22,650
which separates us from the sun all the time

3704
02:49:22,650 --> 02:49:25,080
shadows generated on earth by the sun

3705
02:49:25,080 --> 02:49:28,021
rays are parallel to each other we can

3706
02:49:28,021 --> 02:49:31,051
see them parallel no matter how convergent

3707
02:49:31,051 --> 02:49:34,261
diverging depending on the angle at which

3708
02:49:34,261 --> 02:49:37,051
on which we photograph them when we take a picture

3709
02:49:37,051 --> 02:49:38,761
photo with the sun behind us

3710
02:49:38,761 --> 02:49:40,830
shoulders will seem the shadows

3711
02:49:40,830 --> 02:49:43,921
converge as they move away from us as we

3712
02:49:43,921 --> 02:49:45,780
take a picture with the sun in front

3713
02:49:45,780 --> 02:49:47,881
to us instead the shadows will appear

3714
02:49:47,881 --> 02:49:50,700
differences on the ground this is due to the

3715
02:49:50,700 --> 02:49:54,181
phenomenon that is actually called perspective

3716
02:49:54,181 --> 02:49:56,341
the shadows created by the sun are

3717
02:49:56,341 --> 02:49:59,341
always parallel to the ground we can see

3718
02:49:59,341 --> 02:50:02,280
they converge or diverge simply because

3719
02:50:02,280 --> 02:50:04,230
we photograph them along the

3720
02:50:04,230 --> 02:50:07,381
vertical axis of the image if we use instead

3721
02:50:07,381 --> 02:50:09,750
take a photo with the sun at 90

3722
02:50:09,750 --> 02:50:12,330
degrees on our side we will see that the

3723
02:50:12,330 --> 02:50:14,851
shadows will always appear parallel to

3724
02:50:14,851 --> 02:50:15,511
each other

3725
02:50:15,511 --> 02:50:18,601
in all cases the same thing happens with

3726
02:50:18,601 --> 02:50:20,940
train tracks that seem to converge like

3727
02:50:20,940 --> 02:50:23,101
we shoot them along the vertical axis of

3728
02:50:23,101 --> 02:50:25,230
the image but will remain perfect

3729
02:50:25,230 --> 02:50:27,360
parallel as we shoot them along the

3730
02:50:27,360 --> 02:50:30,601
horizontal axis there are some Apollo

3731
02:50:30,601 --> 02:50:32,610
photos, however, where the shadows

3732
02:50:32,610 --> 02:50:35,160
inexplicably seem to diverge from one

3733
02:50:35,160 --> 02:50:37,080
another, even though the sun is on the

3734
02:50:37,080 --> 02:50:39,990
side in relation to the photographer this

3735
02:50:39,990 --> 02:50:42,021
is the most famous example of all

3736
02:50:42,021 --> 02:50:44,971
judging by the shadow of the sun which is the sun

3737
02:50:44,971 --> 02:50:47,610
is about 90 degrees to our left

3738
02:50:47,610 --> 02:50:50,190
nevertheless the shadows of the rocks fall in

3739
02:50:50,190 --> 02:50:52,530
the foreground are not parallel at all

3740
02:50:52,530 --> 02:50:54,601
to that of the lamp but they clear

3741
02:50:54,601 --> 02:50:57,511
deviate from it instead is this

3742
02:50:57,511 --> 02:51:00,690
theoretically impossible as we have seen

3743
02:51:00,690 --> 02:51:03,450
before the sun sets

3744
02:51:03,450 --> 02:51:05,971
shadows must be absolutely parallel to

3745
02:51:05,971 --> 02:51:08,910
each other when we use artificial light

3746
02:51:08,910 --> 02:51:11,311
instead of the sun and we post it a lot

3747
02:51:11,311 --> 02:51:12,721
closer to the objects we are

3748
02:51:12,721 --> 02:51:15,030
shooting then the shadows will

3749
02:51:15,030 --> 02:51:17,131
differ from each other, even though the

3750
02:51:17,131 --> 02:51:17,489
saw

3751
02:51:17,489 --> 02:51:20,069
stays aside this is because of the

3752
02:51:20,069 --> 02:51:21,959
fact that the proximity to the source

3753
02:51:21,959 --> 02:51:24,720
creates a strong angle with the objects

3754
02:51:24,720 --> 02:51:27,089
be photographed when we use the sun

3755
02:51:27,089 --> 02:51:29,129
instead, it is practically infinite

3756
02:51:29,129 --> 02:51:31,409
distance makes the shadows appear

3757
02:51:31,409 --> 02:51:34,739
anyway parallel now let's go back to the

3758
02:51:34,739 --> 02:51:37,109
NASA photo as they diverge

3759
02:51:37,109 --> 02:51:38,909
shadows cannot be explained with

3760
02:51:38,909 --> 02:51:40,949
they become sunlight immediately

3761
02:51:40,949 --> 02:51:43,890
justified if we imagine an artificial one

3762
02:51:43,890 --> 02:51:46,409
source placed near the left side of the

3763
02:51:46,409 --> 02:51:49,079
image we are talking about a situation

3764
02:51:49,079 --> 02:51:52,259
akin to this this is the set of the

3765
02:51:52,259 --> 02:51:54,390
tv series from earth to the

3766
02:51:54,390 --> 02:51:57,449
moon as one can see the great artificial one

3767
02:51:57,449 --> 02:51:59,850
source that imitates the placed sun

3768
02:51:59,850 --> 02:52:02,339
on the side produces shadows that are

3769
02:52:02,339 --> 02:52:05,100
clearly deviate from each other

3770
02:52:05,100 --> 02:52:07,020
is due to the proximity between the

3771
02:52:07,020 --> 02:52:08,729
source and the objects that are

3772
02:52:08,729 --> 02:52:11,189
photographed in fact in the case of the

3773
02:52:11,189 --> 02:52:13,319
NASA photo all we have to do is

3774
02:52:13,319 --> 02:52:15,029
extend the direction of the shadows

3775
02:52:15,029 --> 02:52:17,339
back and we find that source

3776
02:52:17,339 --> 02:52:20,249
is located just outside the left edge of

3777
02:52:20,249 --> 02:52:20,879
the list

3778
02:52:20,879 --> 02:52:24,539
this obviously can't be the sun, it has to

3779
02:52:24,539 --> 02:52:28,049
be an artificial light the Mythbusters

3780
02:52:28,049 --> 02:52:30,659
did an experiment to try

3781
02:52:30,659 --> 02:52:32,909
find an explanation for the divergence

3782
02:52:32,909 --> 02:52:35,699
shadows in the NASA image first them

3783
02:52:35,699 --> 02:52:37,709
created some parallel shadows on the

3784
02:52:37,709 --> 02:52:40,109
ground when they started the

3785
02:52:40,109 --> 02:52:43,079
topography by inserting holes and hills

3786
02:52:43,079 --> 02:52:45,359
until the shadows were separated

3787
02:52:45,359 --> 02:52:48,029
other than the Mythbusters have one

3788
02:52:48,029 --> 02:52:50,759
big mistake instead of using the sun

3789
02:52:50,759 --> 02:52:53,249
they themselves used an artificial one

3790
02:52:53,249 --> 02:52:55,259
source making their experiment

3791
02:52:55,259 --> 02:52:58,109
absolutely zero at best

3792
02:52:58,109 --> 02:53:00,659
scenario they have proven nothing at all

3793
02:53:00,659 --> 02:53:02,939
while in the worst case they just have

3794
02:53:02,939 --> 02:53:05,369
confirmed that NASA also has a

3795
02:53:05,369 --> 02:53:07,470
artificial light source such as the

3796
02:53:07,470 --> 02:53:10,259
Mythbusters did other debunk sites

3797
02:53:10,259 --> 02:53:11,729
have tried to offer something similar

3798
02:53:11,729 --> 02:53:13,829
explain by showing that in some

3799
02:53:13,829 --> 02:53:15,810
cases may be the roughness of the terrain

3800
02:53:15,810 --> 02:53:18,119
generating shadows that seem to go inward

3801
02:53:18,119 --> 02:53:19,199
different directions

3802
02:53:19,199 --> 02:53:21,539
but this is not the case with NASA

3803
02:53:21,539 --> 02:53:24,119
photo here the terrain is practical

3804
02:53:24,119 --> 02:53:26,489
flat on all the rocks in the Lohr section

3805
02:53:26,489 --> 02:53:28,680
the smaller ones also have shadows

3806
02:53:28,680 --> 02:53:30,851
clearly indicates the same

3807
02:53:30,851 --> 02:53:33,431
towards the point can not be found here

3808
02:53:33,431 --> 02:53:35,410
different pictures taken on earth where

3809
02:53:35,410 --> 02:53:37,511
the shadows seem to diverge because of the

3810
02:53:37,511 --> 02:53:40,331
terrain the point is to explain why in

3811
02:53:40,331 --> 02:53:42,730
the NASA image leads all shadows

3812
02:53:42,730 --> 02:53:44,891
back to a source that was just posted

3813
02:53:44,891 --> 02:53:47,110
outside the left edge of the frame and

3814
02:53:47,110 --> 02:53:50,831
of course that can't be the sun we have

3815
02:53:50,831 --> 02:53:52,591
showed the same photo to the

3816
02:53:52,591 --> 02:54:34,360
photographer Turin Bert happens to be

3817
02:54:34,360 --> 02:54:36,011
have a photo in the studio that

3818
02:54:36,011 --> 02:54:38,591
clarifies exactly the problem we are

3819
02:54:38,591 --> 02:54:47,291
speaking of Indian because it is solid

3820
02:54:47,291 --> 02:54:54,331
progressive Sala trono multipass America

3821
02:54:54,841 --> 02:54:58,900
for the title imagining a Jason Lopez suit

3822
02:54:58,900 --> 02:55:00,791
broadcast by eleven no point

3823
02:55:00,791 --> 02:55:04,091
why Questacon in China at the police station

3824
02:55:04,091 --> 02:55:07,150
was to say it's not a zoo since Oppo

3825
02:55:07,150 --> 02:55:10,091
if so, they were a group of Indonesians

3826
02:55:10,091 --> 02:55:12,431
we ask for an Omega value acquisition cuesta

3827
02:55:12,431 --> 02:55:14,591
giving notice and acquiring is over there is

3828
02:55:14,591 --> 02:55:17,291
only what try what me through the

3829
02:55:17,291 --> 02:55:19,740
stands

3830
02:55:22,161 --> 02:55:31,131
let's say you are magical, check when

3831
02:55:31,131 --> 02:55:34,211
won't you give me back one gimmick Wow

3832
02:55:34,211 --> 02:55:36,681
look at the shadows here and the shadow

3833
02:55:36,681 --> 02:55:40,821
there may be this now i'm going to take

3834
02:55:40,821 --> 02:55:42,171
getting worse and worse

3835
02:55:42,171 --> 02:55:46,281
look at a picture come here and then

3836
02:55:46,281 --> 02:55:49,011
only one son of his according to the

3837
02:55:49,011 --> 02:55:51,201
shadows where would you place the source

3838
02:55:51,201 --> 02:56:19,480
more or less what if you don't want

3839
02:56:20,771 --> 02:56:29,601
pursuit dies that i agreed to the

3840
02:56:29,601 --> 02:56:31,611
second to the condo poster is the photo

3841
02:56:31,611 --> 02:56:34,881
developing map must have a father who

3842
02:56:34,881 --> 02:56:40,101
here we may know that a crystal did that

3843
02:56:40,101 --> 02:56:43,821
some of your solar you didn't really see

3844
02:56:43,821 --> 02:56:46,611
ready so he is not a parallel question

3845
02:56:46,611 --> 02:56:49,431
when the sun is on the side all shadows

3846
02:56:49,431 --> 02:56:51,591
on the ground should appear parallel to

3847
02:56:51,591 --> 02:56:54,141
can you explain to each other why this

3848
02:56:54,141 --> 02:56:56,541
NASA presents the shadow of the Lamb and

3849
02:56:56,541 --> 02:56:58,761
appearing from the rocks in the foreground

3850
02:56:58,761 --> 02:57:02,241
instead be markedly different

3851
02:57:02,241 --> 02:57:04,400
that this scene is supposedly lit by the

3852
02:57:04,400 --> 02:57:07,551
Sun that is millions of miles away can

3853
02:57:07,551 --> 02:57:09,681
you explain why the shadows lead to a

3854
02:57:09,681 --> 02:57:12,261
source that is not far from the

3855
02:57:12,261 --> 02:57:16,041
left edge of the image is given instead

3856
02:57:16,041 --> 02:57:17,781
that the photographer we interviewed

3857
02:57:17,781 --> 02:57:20,001
place the light source a few feet away

3858
02:57:20,001 --> 02:57:22,161
from the left edge of the frame

3859
02:57:22,161 --> 02:57:24,501
can you explain how this could be

3860
02:57:24,501 --> 02:57:26,801
Sun

3861
02:57:28,280 --> 02:57:30,780
there is also a series of photos

3862
02:57:30,780 --> 02:57:33,450
of the Apollo 12 mission

3863
02:57:33,450 --> 02:57:35,820
using an artificial light in all

3864
02:57:35,820 --> 02:57:38,250
these shots we can see on the ground

3865
02:57:38,250 --> 02:57:40,290
a dark shadow of the astronaut who

3866
02:57:40,290 --> 02:57:45,120
supposedly took the pictures as we close

3867
02:57:45,120 --> 02:57:47,580
into one of these shadows, but us

3868
02:57:47,580 --> 02:57:49,200
will find that they are complete

3869
02:57:49,200 --> 02:57:52,050
surrounded by a kind of grayish plate

3870
02:57:52,050 --> 02:57:54,229
edge

3871
02:58:04,940 --> 02:58:07,770
this blurred edge is in the shadow

3872
02:58:07,770 --> 02:58:10,440
absolutely unnatural to have been

3873
02:58:10,440 --> 02:58:12,930
caused by the sun since the sun is

3874
02:58:12,930 --> 02:58:15,300
millions of miles away it generates

3875
02:58:15,300 --> 02:58:18,290
sharp well-defined shadows on the ground

3876
02:58:18,290 --> 02:58:21,630
if you use artificial light instead

3877
02:58:21,630 --> 02:58:24,180
you get this kind of shade with it

3878
02:58:24,180 --> 02:58:27,810
soft and faded edges some suggest

3879
02:58:27,810 --> 02:58:30,180
which is the blurring of the shadow

3880
02:58:30,180 --> 02:58:32,700
just a focus error

3881
02:58:32,700 --> 02:58:35,220
this is not the case if we use the

3882
02:58:35,220 --> 02:58:37,410
ground next to the shadow we will see

3883
02:58:37,410 --> 02:58:39,630
that it is perfectly in focus from the

3884
02:58:39,630 --> 02:58:43,170
point closest to the farthest point

3885
02:58:43,170 --> 02:58:46,380
depth of field here is absolutely this is

3886
02:58:46,380 --> 02:58:48,630
not a focus error, it really is one

3887
02:58:48,630 --> 02:58:50,700
kind of light source that generates a

3888
02:58:50,700 --> 02:58:52,740
vague shadow on the ground and which one

3889
02:58:52,740 --> 02:58:55,320
therefore cannot be the sun that turns them

3890
02:58:55,320 --> 02:58:58,800
this way and okay look at the edge what

3891
02:58:58,800 --> 02:59:02,030
says you

3892
02:59:04,120 --> 02:59:07,120
And

3893
02:59:08,970 --> 02:59:11,370
could that be the sun casting the sun

3894
02:59:11,370 --> 02:59:37,229
shadows that soften the studies they focused on

3895
02:59:37,229 --> 02:59:37,860
Roswell

3896
02:59:37,860 --> 02:59:45,210
to understand scientists and if you

3897
02:59:45,210 --> 02:59:49,430
listen brother Anita

3898
02:59:49,430 --> 02:59:52,020
Engels is fanatically searching for ashenvale

3899
02:59:52,020 --> 02:59:53,580
Latinos were so late

3900
02:59:53,580 --> 02:59:56,880
oops what Christa Christa preferred aya

3901
02:59:56,880 --> 02:59:59,430
with profit on skillful ear khilafat

3902
02:59:59,430 --> 03:00:04,070
averted it is only fair on granita

3903
03:00:04,070 --> 03:00:12,780
crystal format or a nice question

3904
03:00:12,780 --> 03:00:15,780
millions of kilometers from the sun

3905
03:00:15,780 --> 03:00:18,990
casts sharp shadows on the ground can

3906
03:00:18,990 --> 03:00:21,689
you explain why in these pictures there

3907
03:00:21,689 --> 03:00:24,300
is a soft edge around the astronauts

3908
03:00:24,300 --> 03:00:27,260
figure instead

3909
03:00:27,730 --> 03:00:30,190
now let's tackle the most important thing

3910
03:00:30,190 --> 03:00:32,590
problem in the whole discussion about the

3911
03:00:32,590 --> 03:00:36,460
Luna photos backlight photography when

3912
03:00:36,460 --> 03:00:38,290
we shoot a photo with the sun in front

3913
03:00:38,290 --> 03:00:40,570
of us and the subject in the shade we

3914
03:00:40,570 --> 03:00:42,370
say the photo was taken

3915
03:00:42,370 --> 03:00:45,120
backlight in backlight photography

3916
03:00:45,120 --> 03:00:47,980
subject and the shadow is always darker

3917
03:00:47,980 --> 03:00:50,170
than the ground directly hit by the sun

3918
03:00:50,170 --> 03:00:52,870
let's use this picture as an example

3919
03:00:52,870 --> 03:00:55,601
taken in backlight as one can see

3920
03:00:55,601 --> 03:00:57,820
entire part of the subject in shadow

3921
03:00:57,820 --> 03:01:00,820
the hut is much darker than the sand

3922
03:01:00,820 --> 03:01:03,730
among the reason is simply the sand

3923
03:01:03,730 --> 03:01:06,160
is directly hit by the sunlight while

3924
03:01:06,160 --> 03:01:08,260
the cabin is lit only by the reflection

3925
03:01:08,260 --> 03:01:10,870
of the sand plus the diffusion caused by

3926
03:01:10,870 --> 03:01:13,660
the atmosphere of course the light

3927
03:01:13,660 --> 03:01:16,480
reflected from the ground is always alone

3928
03:01:16,480 --> 03:01:18,130
a fraction of the light it receives

3929
03:01:18,130 --> 03:01:20,830
what is referred to above as incident light

3930
03:01:20,830 --> 03:01:23,470
reason why it is absolutely impossible

3931
03:01:23,470 --> 03:01:25,840
balance incident light and reflective

3932
03:01:25,840 --> 03:01:28,420
light in backlit photography

3933
03:01:28,420 --> 03:01:30,760
ground directly illuminated by the sun

3934
03:01:30,760 --> 03:01:33,190
will always be brighter than the subject

3935
03:01:33,190 --> 03:01:36,280
in the shade one of the techniques used

3936
03:01:36,280 --> 03:01:38,141
by professional photographers

3937
03:01:38,141 --> 03:01:40,391
around this problem is the use of a strong

3938
03:01:40,391 --> 03:01:43,601
reflective wearable panel let's see

3939
03:01:43,601 --> 03:01:45,790
this example here is the photographer

3940
03:01:45,790 --> 03:01:48,610
photograph the model as a whole against backlight

3941
03:01:48,610 --> 03:01:50,771
can see that the subject is in shadow

3942
03:01:50,771 --> 03:01:53,141
much darker than the ground illuminated by the

3943
03:01:53,141 --> 03:01:56,410
Just sun like the photographer one

3944
03:01:56,410 --> 03:01:58,510
reflective panel that bounces

3945
03:01:58,510 --> 03:02:01,120
sunbeams back on the model then he can

3946
03:02:01,120 --> 03:02:02,830
ensure a good balance between the

3947
03:02:02,830 --> 03:02:05,050
backlit background and the face in it

3948
03:02:05,050 --> 03:02:07,780
the shadow the difference is obvious

3949
03:02:07,780 --> 03:02:10,120
while the brightness of the background

3950
03:02:10,120 --> 03:02:12,610
is unchanged now the brightness of the

3951
03:02:12,610 --> 03:02:14,830
face is in balance with that of the

3952
03:02:14,830 --> 03:02:17,771
ground here is another example of the

3953
03:02:17,771 --> 03:02:19,900
sunlight coming from behind is

3954
03:02:19,900 --> 03:02:22,271
bounced off this reflective panel and

3955
03:02:22,271 --> 03:02:24,400
is going to hit the model that is in the

3956
03:02:24,400 --> 03:02:27,010
shade in this way the brightness of the

3957
03:02:27,010 --> 03:02:29,710
model is perfectly balanced with one

3958
03:02:29,710 --> 03:02:30,790
of the background

3959
03:02:30,790 --> 03:02:33,220
another technique used to balance the balance

3960
03:02:33,220 --> 03:02:35,110
backlight and the subject in the

3961
03:02:35,110 --> 03:02:37,150
shade is to use a portable

3962
03:02:37,150 --> 03:02:39,910
flashlight this second source will

3963
03:02:39,910 --> 03:02:41,200
illuminate the part

3964
03:02:41,200 --> 03:02:43,391
the subject in the shadows herein

3965
03:02:43,391 --> 03:02:46,061
example, we see a photo on the left

3966
03:02:46,061 --> 03:02:48,610
with only available light while on the

3967
03:02:48,610 --> 03:02:50,771
an additional flashlight is used on the right

3968
03:02:50,771 --> 03:02:53,440
the difference is obvious on the left

3969
03:02:53,440 --> 03:02:55,450
have no balance between light and shadow

3970
03:02:55,450 --> 03:02:58,811
right, but without this one

3971
03:02:58,811 --> 03:03:01,240
additional sources that's for sure

3972
03:03:01,240 --> 03:03:03,610
impossible to balance the light hitting

3973
03:03:03,610 --> 03:03:05,830
the ground and the one on which it is reflected

3974
03:03:05,830 --> 03:03:09,550
the shadows in backlit photography

3975
03:03:09,550 --> 03:03:12,160
the moon, however, something wonderful

3976
03:03:12,160 --> 03:03:14,650
seems to have happened despite the fact

3977
03:03:14,650 --> 03:03:17,021
that the astronauts didn't have one

3978
03:03:17,021 --> 03:03:19,240
portable reflectors nor additional

3979
03:03:19,240 --> 03:03:21,160
lights is a whole bunch of them

3980
03:03:21,160 --> 03:03:23,440
photos taken in backlight in which

3981
03:03:23,440 --> 03:03:25,660
all the shadow area of ​​the Lamb

3982
03:03:25,660 --> 03:03:29,260
seems perfectly lit as we can

3983
03:03:29,260 --> 03:03:31,750
see the astronaut's clarity

3984
03:03:31,750 --> 03:03:33,790
the shade is practically the same as

3985
03:03:33,790 --> 03:03:35,710
that of the terrain in the background

3986
03:03:35,710 --> 03:03:38,830
not directly hit by sunlight

3987
03:03:38,830 --> 03:03:41,080
alone this would be impossible on earth

3988
03:03:41,080 --> 03:03:43,750
without the use of reflective panels

3989
03:03:43,750 --> 03:03:46,150
it is even more inexplicable on the moon

3990
03:03:46,150 --> 03:03:48,311
where you don't even have the vibe

3991
03:03:48,311 --> 03:03:50,710
as a secondary source of refraction

3992
03:03:50,710 --> 03:03:53,290
in other words while on earth we have both

3993
03:03:53,290 --> 03:03:55,811
reflect the ground and atmosphere

3994
03:03:55,811 --> 03:03:57,550
light on the shadow part of the

3995
03:03:57,550 --> 03:04:00,190
subject on the moon we have only the

3996
03:04:00,190 --> 03:04:02,561
ground to do this because the sky is

3997
03:04:02,561 --> 03:04:05,530
all black and the lunar surface

3998
03:04:05,530 --> 03:04:07,960
is known to have very low reflectivity

3999
03:04:07,960 --> 03:04:11,590
because it can only reflect about 8% of it

4000
03:04:11,590 --> 03:04:14,130
the light it actually receives in it

4001
03:04:14,130 --> 03:04:17,740
Document from 1964 that NASA wrote, there is one

4002
03:04:17,740 --> 03:04:19,840
characteristic associated with the

4003
03:04:19,840 --> 03:04:20,620
almost vacuum

4004
03:04:20,620 --> 03:04:22,360
on the lunar surface that may be

4005
03:04:22,360 --> 03:04:24,970
extremely important for photography there

4006
03:04:24,970 --> 03:04:27,340
will be virtually no diffusion of light

4007
03:04:27,340 --> 03:04:30,280
since the lunar surface itself is poor

4008
03:04:30,280 --> 03:04:32,590
reflect the learning material

4009
03:04:32,590 --> 03:04:34,870
photography will either be in full light

4010
03:04:34,870 --> 03:04:38,620
or in full and complete shadows in others

4011
03:04:38,620 --> 03:04:41,080
words according to NASA itself

4012
03:04:41,080 --> 03:04:43,090
shadow area of ​​the lamp

4013
03:04:43,090 --> 03:04:45,831
looked more or less like this

4014
03:04:45,831 --> 03:04:48,440
we have such an abundance of clarity

4015
03:04:48,440 --> 03:04:51,381
instead that we are even in the shadow area

4016
03:04:51,381 --> 03:04:53,991
can clearly see all the smallest details

4017
03:04:53,991 --> 03:04:57,320
in this photo composition made by

4018
03:04:57,320 --> 03:04:59,871
NASA by merging multiple photos we can

4019
03:04:59,871 --> 03:05:01,851
see clearly how the sun on the

4020
03:05:01,851 --> 03:05:04,791
other side of the LEM, this is the

4021
03:05:04,791 --> 03:05:07,190
any source of light one wonders what

4022
03:05:07,190 --> 03:05:09,201
would be the shadow area of ​​the

4023
03:05:09,201 --> 03:05:12,110
LEM as effective despite not being

4024
03:05:12,110 --> 03:05:14,211
some professional photographers

4025
03:05:14,211 --> 03:05:16,101
debunkers insist that the mere

4026
03:05:16,101 --> 03:05:17,991
reflection of the sand

4027
03:05:17,991 --> 03:05:20,301
enough to illuminate the shadow area

4028
03:05:20,301 --> 03:05:22,551
of the LEM are conspiracy theorists

4029
03:05:22,551 --> 03:05:23,991
say that must have been the shock

4030
03:05:23,991 --> 03:05:26,031
faked using a fill light personal I

4031
03:05:26,031 --> 03:05:28,131
guess it's because the lunar surfaces are

4032
03:05:28,131 --> 03:05:30,291
reflective to prove their point

4033
03:05:30,291 --> 03:05:32,331
Mythbusters conducted a small-scale

4034
03:05:32,331 --> 03:05:34,341
experiment in which they tried

4035
03:05:34,341 --> 03:05:36,351
reproduce the photos of the Apollo

4036
03:05:36,351 --> 03:05:39,230
missions okay you are done. I'm ready for it

4037
03:05:39,230 --> 03:05:43,251
here we go take the picture, let's

4038
03:05:43,251 --> 03:05:46,341
see there it is oh there you go he is

4039
03:05:46,341 --> 03:05:47,871
be completely in the shadows and you would

4040
03:05:47,871 --> 03:05:49,400
guess he wouldn't be able to see me

4041
03:05:49,400 --> 03:05:51,411
dark, but he is not he is on the brightest day

4042
03:05:51,411 --> 03:05:53,121
with a single light source with the

4043
03:05:53,121 --> 03:05:54,711
surface has the same reflectivity as the

4044
03:05:54,711 --> 03:05:57,190
moon our astronaut is clearly visible

4045
03:05:57,190 --> 03:06:00,440
breaking madness, but the Mythbusters have

4046
03:06:00,440 --> 03:06:03,320
then made another big mistake

4047
03:06:03,320 --> 03:06:05,181
removing every possible source of it

4048
03:06:05,181 --> 03:06:07,551
reflection by using black paper

4049
03:06:07,551 --> 03:06:10,041
around the set they forgot to remove the

4050
03:06:10,041 --> 03:06:12,201
one of the two wearing a bright coat

4051
03:06:12,201 --> 03:06:14,751
white shirt of course this white shirt

4052
03:06:14,751 --> 03:06:17,031
acts as a great reflector to the

4053
03:06:17,031 --> 03:06:20,061
dark region of the LEM same experiment

4054
03:06:20,061 --> 03:06:22,281
replicated by rushing and photographers

4055
03:06:22,281 --> 03:06:24,711
shows how important the presence of a is

4056
03:06:24,711 --> 03:06:27,051
white garment reflects light on the

4057
03:06:27,051 --> 03:06:36,860
In any case, astronaut is not the problem

4058
03:06:36,860 --> 03:06:39,291
just to see the astronaut

4059
03:06:39,291 --> 03:06:41,451
in the shadows like any photographer

4060
03:06:41,451 --> 03:06:43,610
know everything you need to do to get into the

4061
03:06:43,610 --> 03:06:46,011
shadow is to open the iris in you

4062
03:06:46,011 --> 03:06:49,311
lens the problem here was to find the balance

4063
03:06:49,311 --> 03:06:51,411
brightness of the shadow area with the

4064
03:06:51,411 --> 03:06:52,431
one off the ground

4065
03:06:52,431 --> 03:06:54,860
illuminated directly by the light source

4066
03:06:54,860 --> 03:06:57,771
and if we take a closer look at the

4067
03:06:57,771 --> 03:06:59,699
results we will see that the myth

4068
03:06:59,699 --> 03:07:01,799
Buster's were unable to maintain balance

4069
03:07:01,799 --> 03:07:03,539
brightness of the background with the

4070
03:07:03,539 --> 03:07:06,539
one of the astronauts anyway if one can

4071
03:07:06,539 --> 03:07:08,729
see from the direct comparison the sand

4072
03:07:08,729 --> 03:07:11,129
illuminated by the sun is darker in the

4073
03:07:11,129 --> 03:07:12,839
NASA photo and it's lighter in the

4074
03:07:12,839 --> 03:07:15,180
Mythbusters 1 while the astronaut is

4075
03:07:15,180 --> 03:07:17,699
lighter in the NASA photo and darker

4076
03:07:17,699 --> 03:07:20,249
in one from the Mythbusters in the other

4077
03:07:20,249 --> 03:07:22,799
words there is a much bigger difference

4078
03:07:22,799 --> 03:07:24,810
between light and shadow

4079
03:07:24,810 --> 03:07:26,699
Mythbusters image then in NASA

4080
03:07:26,699 --> 03:07:29,579
photo also of this image of them

4081
03:07:29,579 --> 03:07:31,829
own set one can clearly see how the

4082
03:07:31,829 --> 03:07:34,140
astronaut in the shadows certainly is

4083
03:07:34,140 --> 03:07:36,359
darker than the illuminated area

4084
03:07:36,359 --> 03:07:39,029
directly by the light source it is a lot

4085
03:07:39,029 --> 03:07:41,159
different result than what we see in the

4086
03:07:41,159 --> 03:07:44,549
Apollo thus represents the Mythbusters

4087
03:07:44,549 --> 03:07:47,009
again have proven the exact opposite of it

4088
03:07:47,009 --> 03:07:49,409
what they intended to prove without that

4089
03:07:49,409 --> 03:07:52,049
additional lamps are not possible

4090
03:07:52,049 --> 03:07:54,359
balance the shaded area with the

4091
03:07:54,359 --> 03:07:56,640
area directly hit by the light source

4092
03:07:56,640 --> 03:07:59,310
don't even use their white shirt as one

4093
03:07:59,310 --> 03:08:01,859
additional reflector in any case the

4094
03:08:01,859 --> 03:08:03,839
idea that the sand is enough to

4095
03:08:03,839 --> 03:08:05,909
illuminates the shadow area of ​​the land

4096
03:08:05,909 --> 03:08:08,699
can be easily refuted by using the same

4097
03:08:08,699 --> 03:08:11,489
NASA photos all we have to do is

4098
03:08:11,489 --> 03:08:13,379
look at other photos taken with the

4099
03:08:13,379 --> 03:08:15,749
the same light source which is supposed to be

4100
03:08:15,749 --> 03:08:18,449
the sun to realize that the shadow area

4101
03:08:18,449 --> 03:08:20,729
in these photos is practically pitch

4102
03:08:20,729 --> 03:08:21,479
black

4103
03:08:21,479 --> 03:08:23,729
if the moon sound really had this one

4104
03:08:23,729 --> 03:08:26,459
magical reflective powers this part of

4105
03:08:26,459 --> 03:08:28,259
the rock should more or less have the

4106
03:08:28,259 --> 03:08:30,479
the same brightness as the terrain in the

4107
03:08:30,479 --> 03:08:32,789
background these panels should be almost

4108
03:08:32,789 --> 03:08:35,219
as visible as the illuminated sand and

4109
03:08:35,219 --> 03:08:38,039
this would be the rover's shadow area

4110
03:08:38,039 --> 03:08:40,739
also clearly lit instead of everything

4111
03:08:40,739 --> 03:08:43,079
which is not directly illuminated by the

4112
03:08:43,079 --> 03:08:46,529
The sun appears in this as a deep black shadow

4113
03:08:46,529 --> 03:08:49,049
proves that the sand is not enough

4114
03:08:49,049 --> 03:08:51,209
to brighten up the shadows

4115
03:08:51,209 --> 03:08:54,449
ourselves for the same reason, we can too

4116
03:08:54,449 --> 03:08:56,369
reject the idea that it was Earth

4117
03:08:56,369 --> 03:08:58,709
to illuminate the shadow area of ​​the

4118
03:08:58,709 --> 03:09:01,379
Lamb as the earth shines, was that real

4119
03:09:01,379 --> 03:09:03,719
powerful all other shadow areas of

4120
03:09:03,719 --> 03:09:05,579
the lunar terrain must be illuminated

4121
03:09:05,579 --> 03:09:08,850
but that's not the case there

4122
03:09:08,850 --> 03:09:11,369
is therefore not a valid explanation for it

4123
03:09:11,369 --> 03:09:13,590
the almost identical lighting

4124
03:09:13,590 --> 03:09:16,080
of the area directly hit by the sun and

4125
03:09:16,080 --> 03:09:18,000
the shadow area of ​​the Lamb

4126
03:09:18,000 --> 03:09:20,609
in fact the professional photographers

4127
03:09:20,609 --> 03:09:22,800
we interviewed believe that to

4128
03:09:22,800 --> 03:09:25,439
achieve such results great reflective

4129
03:09:25,439 --> 03:09:27,689
panels or additional lighting installed

4130
03:09:27,689 --> 03:09:29,640
the photographer's side

4131
03:09:29,640 --> 03:09:33,420
many a CD chanson de comprar 2d geometry

4132
03:09:33,420 --> 03:09:35,729
Luna non-chan aminopterin Turkish lira

4133
03:09:35,729 --> 03:09:39,750
50 de reflect we are fast cuesta mucho

4134
03:09:39,750 --> 03:09:43,880
correspond the question is one

4135
03:09:43,880 --> 03:09:49,439
correspondent enters the Chavo in this

4136
03:09:49,439 --> 03:09:52,740
statement Penelope Arakawa / que la

4137
03:09:52,740 --> 03:09:56,130
luce see a nice check on my Superman NKC

4138
03:09:56,130 --> 03:09:58,170
say in River Mine

4139
03:09:58,170 --> 03:10:02,100
I believe everyone is an ambiguous Cossack

4140
03:10:02,100 --> 03:10:09,060
Xia called Ochoco support item I think

4141
03:10:09,060 --> 03:10:22,290
we missed the target we finally had

4142
03:10:22,290 --> 03:10:24,830
the police

4143
03:11:44,250 --> 03:11:49,600
Lucia lost Romano and walked out of prison

4144
03:11:49,600 --> 03:11:53,880
totally a booyah sutala alumina perky

4145
03:11:53,880 --> 03:11:56,350
channel tribuna oh joe

4146
03:11:56,350 --> 03:12:00,190
kikuno consults Oh valerie repartee tanta

4147
03:12:00,190 --> 03:12:05,170
Rosie qui tam Tahoe signals Booga

4148
03:12:05,170 --> 03:12:08,790
Booga from the dough baby NS solution

4149
03:12:08,790 --> 03:12:11,560
kiss a best complete naira on one

4150
03:12:11,560 --> 03:12:15,220
cello million Chavo six so softly

4151
03:12:15,220 --> 03:12:17,020
secondary sensor reflection or eNOS

4152
03:12:17,020 --> 03:12:19,360
terrible maybe not Kristen Priscilla

4153
03:12:19,360 --> 03:12:22,830
very banheiro McPhee

4154
03:12:23,610 --> 03:12:27,100
virus Avedon can scale it down to the metal

4155
03:12:27,100 --> 03:12:29,410
you know the show reflects on you know

4156
03:12:29,410 --> 03:12:31,720
who needs the sorry Gabby Bianca

4157
03:12:31,720 --> 03:12:33,790
substitute Rose Queen the darkest apart

4158
03:12:33,790 --> 03:12:35,950
check on Arusha the main problem is here

4159
03:12:35,950 --> 03:12:37,479
backlight on the moon

4160
03:12:37,479 --> 03:12:41,710
you have no air behind you to break

4161
03:12:41,710 --> 03:12:44,560
the light and you just have to send them

4162
03:12:44,560 --> 03:12:48,690
had no artificial lighting

4163
03:12:51,750 --> 03:13:22,690
who was also here, we have, you can see that

4164
03:13:22,690 --> 03:13:25,240
they have almost the same brightness

4165
03:13:25,240 --> 03:13:28,030
the front in the back now my experience

4166
03:13:28,030 --> 03:13:29,530
tells me you have at least two stops

4167
03:13:29,530 --> 03:13:31,090
difference if you turn around and back

4168
03:13:31,090 --> 03:13:33,190
light and that's when you get the

4169
03:13:33,190 --> 03:13:35,590
atmosphere yes but that's all

4170
03:13:35,590 --> 03:13:37,400
Annette with a reflector

4171
03:13:37,400 --> 03:13:40,430
tell me that's that's all that's all

4172
03:13:40,430 --> 03:13:44,510
discussion only that I don't want to get

4173
03:13:44,510 --> 03:13:47,860
in it's fake Oh

4174
03:13:47,860 --> 03:13:51,190
or the mother's landing was fake, but this one

4175
03:13:51,190 --> 03:13:56,140
pictures are fake i guess i would say

4176
03:13:56,140 --> 03:13:59,260
hundred positional containers because

4177
03:13:59,260 --> 03:14:04,570
all this cannot exist

4178
03:14:04,570 --> 03:14:07,910
so if you ask me as a photographer yes me

4179
03:14:07,910 --> 03:14:24,530
must say this can't be because of you

4180
03:14:24,530 --> 03:14:26,660
have here the source that everything should be

4181
03:14:26,660 --> 03:14:29,360
black it doesn't get black than this

4182
03:14:29,360 --> 03:14:32,061
would burn out a lot then you get

4183
03:14:32,061 --> 03:14:44,841
some who should be the sun do

4184
03:14:44,841 --> 03:14:48,021
that look like the sun to you if this is so

4185
03:14:48,021 --> 03:14:51,771
the sun and the only light and this is

4186
03:14:51,771 --> 03:14:54,230
how everything reflects what is

4187
03:14:54,230 --> 03:14:55,700
ridiculous because the kid NASA can

4188
03:14:55,700 --> 03:14:58,101
reflect this then this would be so

4189
03:14:58,101 --> 03:15:00,771
burned out and bleached to get something

4190
03:15:00,771 --> 03:15:03,501
structure here the adult mind the same as

4191
03:15:03,501 --> 03:15:07,061
the others have said the same

4192
03:15:07,061 --> 03:15:11,471
mustard to be just black

4193
03:15:17,229 --> 03:15:19,960
with this comment Turin Bert

4194
03:15:19,960 --> 03:15:21,970
sums up the professionals well

4195
03:15:21,970 --> 03:15:31,090
advice time to have a studio sequester

4196
03:15:31,090 --> 03:15:34,930
whirlpools cecccci possibly the great one

4197
03:15:34,930 --> 03:15:42,100
infidelity and tv channel set to very

4198
03:15:42,100 --> 03:15:44,830
flash and maybe it's not a coincidence

4199
03:15:44,830 --> 03:15:48,010
that on the set of the imax movie large

4200
03:15:48,010 --> 03:15:50,410
reflective panels were used directly behind it

4201
03:15:50,410 --> 03:15:52,810
the lamb to mimic NASA

4202
03:15:52,810 --> 03:15:55,600
photos of a light source placed behind it

4203
03:15:55,600 --> 03:15:58,240
the lunar module and large reflective

4204
03:15:58,240 --> 03:16:00,460
panels used to reflect light onto the

4205
03:16:00,460 --> 03:16:03,220
dark area of ​​the LEM using this

4206
03:16:03,220 --> 03:16:05,290
technique the brightness in the shadow

4207
03:16:05,290 --> 03:16:07,660
area is perfectly balanced with the one

4208
03:16:07,660 --> 03:16:09,910
of the site directly lit by

4209
03:16:09,910 --> 03:16:12,790
the source exactly as in the Apollo

4210
03:16:12,790 --> 03:16:15,330
Pictures

4211
03:16:17,010 --> 03:16:20,970
in 2014 the nvidia software company

4212
03:16:20,970 --> 03:16:23,640
created a computer simulation thanks to

4213
03:16:23,640 --> 03:16:25,590
whom they thought they had identified

4214
03:16:25,590 --> 03:16:27,210
the light source that could have

4215
03:16:27,210 --> 03:16:29,130
illuminated the shadow area of ​​the Lamb

4216
03:16:29,130 --> 03:16:31,199
in their opinion it was the

4217
03:16:31,199 --> 03:16:33,869
the white suit of the photographer, Neil Armstrong

4218
03:16:33,869 --> 03:16:34,739
herself

4219
03:16:34,739 --> 03:16:37,470
there is a huge glowing bright white

4220
03:16:37,470 --> 03:16:39,510
light and when we analyzed that video a

4221
03:16:39,510 --> 03:16:41,609
bit more we realized it's Neil

4222
03:16:41,609 --> 03:16:44,399
Armstrong himself the clear white space

4223
03:16:44,399 --> 03:16:47,130
suit he wore reflected everything

4224
03:16:47,130 --> 03:16:49,529
that sunlight off and on again

4225
03:16:49,529 --> 03:16:50,399
Buzz Aldrin

4226
03:16:50,399 --> 03:16:53,189
so essentially Neil Armstrong himself

4227
03:16:53,189 --> 03:16:55,979
was a light source in that scene, but the

4228
03:16:55,979 --> 03:16:58,170
professional photographers explain how

4229
03:16:58,170 --> 03:17:00,390
the white suit could at most partially

4230
03:17:00,390 --> 03:17:02,579
brighten up the Companions figure

4231
03:17:02,579 --> 03:17:05,039
it's too small and too far away to be

4232
03:17:05,039 --> 03:17:07,140
able to illuminate the entire shade

4233
03:17:07,140 --> 03:17:09,449
area of ​​the Lamb a possibility I

4234
03:17:09,449 --> 03:17:12,149
recommend que la ruta de la strategy

4235
03:17:12,149 --> 03:17:15,300
photographer que Bianca risk affair

4236
03:17:15,300 --> 03:17:19,499
acoustic control Uche again a possibility

4237
03:17:19,499 --> 03:17:29,340
extra distance is not an exaggeration

4238
03:17:29,340 --> 03:17:33,270
the Chuck we roya see the boy to Luke

4239
03:17:33,270 --> 03:17:35,999
wait for that day will light up

4240
03:17:35,999 --> 03:17:42,590
a path the worksheet you are: well

4241
03:17:42,590 --> 03:17:44,850
superficially sufficiently flattened

4242
03:17:44,850 --> 03:17:48,779
about the model say there is crystal

4243
03:17:48,779 --> 03:17:50,729
supervision unless you have one

4244
03:17:50,729 --> 03:18:01,739
a few atoms of omega-7 please drop long

4245
03:18:01,739 --> 03:18:03,940
time

4246
03:18:03,940 --> 03:18:08,080
Tropico at mosquito repellent on Oh pitiful

4247
03:18:08,080 --> 03:18:12,410
America to reject definitively

4248
03:18:12,410 --> 03:18:15,141
you just have to do this hypothesis

4249
03:18:15,141 --> 03:18:17,091
look at the television images of the

4250
03:18:17,091 --> 03:18:19,431
all of Apollo missions here for example

4251
03:18:19,431 --> 03:18:21,681
an astronaut has been hit by sunlight

4252
03:18:21,681 --> 03:18:24,261
which moves just outside the edge of

4253
03:18:24,261 --> 03:18:26,780
the frame we can see how the reflection

4254
03:18:26,780 --> 03:18:29,120
part of his white suit lights up

4255
03:18:29,120 --> 03:18:31,131
the underside of the rover does

4256
03:18:31,131 --> 03:18:33,381
absolutely nothing to the LEM in the

4257
03:18:33,381 --> 03:18:36,551
shadow that is much bigger and far away

4258
03:18:36,551 --> 03:18:39,650
here the same astronaut enters the field

4259
03:18:39,650 --> 03:18:42,171
of the view from the right and again the

4260
03:18:42,171 --> 03:18:44,240
light that it reflects, partially goes to it

4261
03:18:44,240 --> 03:18:46,251
illuminated the underside of the rover

4262
03:18:46,251 --> 03:18:48,561
but it has no effect on the

4263
03:18:48,561 --> 03:18:51,341
eclipsed lunar module mass and

4264
03:18:51,341 --> 03:18:53,841
finally there is one more detail

4265
03:18:53,841 --> 03:18:56,240
suggests the use of a secondary source

4266
03:18:56,240 --> 03:18:58,730
of light either a reflective panel or a

4267
03:18:58,730 --> 03:19:01,131
little flashlight and it's so shiny

4268
03:19:01,131 --> 03:19:03,230
brilliance appearing repeatedly on the heels

4269
03:19:03,230 --> 03:19:09,251
of the astronaut boots not Norquist a

4270
03:19:09,251 --> 03:19:12,010
24-bit color

4271
03:19:12,010 --> 03:19:15,170
okay question, you almost know such a problem

4272
03:19:15,170 --> 03:19:17,630
check was to the value or this one

4273
03:19:17,630 --> 03:19:19,760
questions requests here

4274
03:19:19,760 --> 03:19:29,390
I can't pussy pussy do you have the

4275
03:19:29,390 --> 03:19:32,359
pop order restrictive or be like one

4276
03:19:32,359 --> 03:19:34,819
recharge in delucci telepathy the key

4277
03:19:34,819 --> 03:19:36,920
photons lying around as a broker

4278
03:19:36,920 --> 03:19:44,739
add it slowly for some meat no no

4279
03:19:45,550 --> 03:19:48,949
fun Melanie claim ends but

4280
03:19:48,949 --> 03:20:00,350
you know these shoes this is one

4281
03:20:00,350 --> 03:20:02,779
reflective you can't show me

4282
03:20:02,779 --> 03:20:08,529
again and where does this come from

4283
03:20:14,949 --> 03:20:17,949
right

4284
03:20:21,141 --> 03:20:30,420
could there be a flashlight, give a NASA

4285
03:20:30,420 --> 03:20:32,551
statement that since the lunar surface

4286
03:20:32,551 --> 03:20:35,101
itself is a poor reflector of the subject

4287
03:20:35,101 --> 03:20:37,051
material for photography will be too

4288
03:20:37,051 --> 03:20:39,450
in full light or in front and complete

4289
03:20:39,450 --> 03:20:42,420
shadows can you explain why the site of

4290
03:20:42,420 --> 03:20:44,311
the LEM in the shade is bright

4291
03:20:44,311 --> 03:20:47,580
instead lit up like we just did

4292
03:20:47,580 --> 03:20:49,740
shown is the reflection of the sand

4293
03:20:49,740 --> 03:20:51,721
not enough to brighten up the parts

4294
03:20:51,721 --> 03:20:53,761
in the shadow of the lunar landscape and

4295
03:20:53,761 --> 03:20:56,400
the astronaut suit is too small and too small

4296
03:20:56,400 --> 03:20:58,950
far away to brighten up the dark side of

4297
03:20:58,950 --> 03:21:01,620
the LEM can then explain to you which source

4298
03:21:01,620 --> 03:21:03,601
of light has managed to illuminate so

4299
03:21:03,601 --> 03:21:05,610
clearly the dark side of the moon

4300
03:21:05,610 --> 03:21:08,340
module given that the lunar soil

4301
03:21:08,340 --> 03:21:10,530
reflects only 8% of the light

4302
03:21:10,530 --> 03:21:12,630
receive how is it possible that the

4303
03:21:12,630 --> 03:21:15,150
shadow area of ​​the LEM that is only illuminated

4304
03:21:15,150 --> 03:21:17,221
by reflected light has a similar one

4305
03:21:17,221 --> 03:21:19,471
clarity in the field hits directly

4306
03:21:19,471 --> 03:21:22,440
given by the sun that not even the

4307
03:21:22,440 --> 03:21:24,540
Mythbusters with their experiment

4308
03:21:24,540 --> 03:21:26,400
managed to balance the reflected light

4309
03:21:26,400 --> 03:21:28,590
with whoever hits the terrain, you can

4310
03:21:28,590 --> 03:21:30,181
explain how this could have happened

4311
03:21:30,181 --> 03:21:32,960
with some of the apollo photos

4312
03:21:32,960 --> 03:21:34,950
as the professional

4313
03:21:34,950 --> 03:21:36,990
photographers we interviewed have stated

4314
03:21:36,990 --> 03:21:38,670
that these photos would not have been

4315
03:21:38,670 --> 03:21:40,771
possible without the aid of reflection

4316
03:21:40,771 --> 03:21:43,110
panels and additional lighting

4317
03:21:43,110 --> 03:21:45,000
explain how they could have been taken

4318
03:21:45,000 --> 03:21:47,370
by the astronauts on the moon who didn't

4319
03:21:47,370 --> 03:21:49,410
do not have reflective panels neither

4320
03:21:49,410 --> 03:21:52,250
additional lighting

4321
03:21:53,070 --> 03:21:55,960
faced with this apparent counterfeit

4322
03:21:55,960 --> 03:21:57,851
of the moon photos different people

4323
03:21:57,851 --> 03:22:00,070
have suggested an extreme possibility

4324
03:22:00,070 --> 03:22:02,920
that man did go to the moon but the

4325
03:22:02,920 --> 03:22:04,780
photos will be recreated here later

4326
03:22:04,780 --> 03:22:06,790
earth because for some reason they had it

4327
03:22:06,790 --> 03:22:08,470
didn't work well the first time

4328
03:22:08,470 --> 03:22:09,250
all around

4329
03:22:09,250 --> 03:22:11,470
but in any case this is not possible

4330
03:22:11,470 --> 03:22:13,870
two reasons firstly the use of

4331
03:22:13,870 --> 03:22:15,880
studio lighting is visible everywhere

4332
03:22:15,880 --> 03:22:18,460
various missions from Apollo 11 to

4333
03:22:18,460 --> 03:22:21,820
Apollo 17 one would have to explain what

4334
03:22:21,820 --> 03:22:23,860
exactly the photographic problem

4335
03:22:23,860 --> 03:22:26,021
that would have forced NASA to fire again

4336
03:22:26,021 --> 03:22:28,360
all these photos in a studio for six people

4337
03:22:28,360 --> 03:22:32,230
missions on six second everyone can

4338
03:22:32,230 --> 03:22:34,360
check how the photos and the

4339
03:22:34,360 --> 03:22:36,101
television images match

4340
03:22:36,101 --> 03:22:38,410
perfect in that every detail

4341
03:22:38,410 --> 03:22:40,300
present in the television images

4342
03:22:40,300 --> 03:22:42,700
also present in the photos this

4343
03:22:42,700 --> 03:22:44,740
means that both the photos and the

4344
03:22:44,740 --> 03:22:46,990
Television footage was shot at the same time

4345
03:22:46,990 --> 03:22:50,380
time and in the same place in others

4346
03:22:50,380 --> 03:22:52,660
words the set is the same for the

4347
03:22:52,660 --> 03:22:55,870
pictures and before the TV pictures and ever since

4348
03:22:55,870 --> 03:22:57,880
the television images always have been

4349
03:22:57,880 --> 03:23:00,460
broadcast live, this means that also the

4350
03:23:00,460 --> 03:23:02,500
photos must have been taken at the

4351
03:23:02,500 --> 03:23:05,800
the same time and not later or possibly

4352
03:23:05,800 --> 03:23:07,870
before the television scenes were pre

4353
03:23:07,870 --> 03:23:10,330
recorded in a studio but definitely not

4354
03:23:10,330 --> 03:23:14,550
after the date of the live broadcast

4355
03:23:17,070 --> 03:23:20,051
at this point we only have one left

4356
03:23:20,051 --> 03:23:23,110
consideration to make whether it is true

4357
03:23:23,110 --> 03:23:25,421
all this evidence seems to suggest so

4358
03:23:25,421 --> 03:23:27,940
someone at NASA decided to fake it

4359
03:23:27,940 --> 03:23:29,771
moon landings they would have for sure

4360
03:23:29,771 --> 03:23:31,931
needed to convince the astronauts

4361
03:23:31,931 --> 03:23:34,091
play their part up to

4362
03:23:34,091 --> 03:23:36,221
the ending couldn't have happened

4363
03:23:36,221 --> 03:23:38,621
to fake the moon landings without them

4364
03:23:38,621 --> 03:23:42,011
full cooperation and astronauts are some of them

4365
03:23:42,011 --> 03:23:44,190
exceptional people courageous and

4366
03:23:44,190 --> 03:23:47,141
motivated by a deep sense of pride that

4367
03:23:47,141 --> 03:23:48,910
comes from constantly posting their

4368
03:23:48,910 --> 03:23:49,841
lives in danger

4369
03:23:49,841 --> 03:23:51,971
to the progress of

4370
03:23:51,971 --> 03:23:54,730
science it must not have been easy

4371
03:23:54,730 --> 03:23:57,190
them to participate in such fraud justly

4372
03:23:57,190 --> 03:23:58,961
to meet the needs of the United States

4373
03:23:58,961 --> 03:24:01,240
to affirm their leadership

4374
03:24:01,240 --> 03:24:03,761
all the world then let's take one

4375
03:24:03,761 --> 03:24:05,950
take a closer look at the story of the three

4376
03:24:05,950 --> 03:24:08,650
Armstrong's most famous astronauts

4377
03:24:08,650 --> 03:24:11,291
Aldrin and Collins the historic crew

4378
03:24:11,291 --> 03:24:16,570
of Apollo 11 on July 24, 1969 astronauts

4379
03:24:16,570 --> 03:24:19,091
Neil Armstrong Buzz Aldrin and Michael

4380
03:24:19,091 --> 03:24:21,311
Collins returned triumphant from the

4381
03:24:21,311 --> 03:24:23,351
greatest mission ever accomplished

4382
03:24:23,351 --> 03:24:26,051
in the history of mankind they are just beginning

4383
03:24:26,051 --> 03:24:28,541
the moon they are the first people

4384
03:24:28,541 --> 03:24:30,700
to have ever visited another celestial body

4385
03:24:30,700 --> 03:24:33,311
body and returned safely from it

4386
03:24:33,311 --> 03:24:35,921
they are welcomed on the salvage ship

4387
03:24:35,921 --> 03:24:38,771
personally by President Nixon after a

4388
03:24:38,771 --> 03:24:40,690
short exchange for the cameras

4389
03:24:40,690 --> 03:24:43,360
Armstrong Aldrin and Collins are placed

4390
03:24:43,360 --> 03:24:45,131
quarantined for a few weeks

4391
03:24:45,131 --> 03:24:48,251
isolation than on September 16

4392
03:24:48,251 --> 03:24:50,291
appear for a press conference up front

4393
03:24:50,291 --> 03:24:52,181
of the worldwide members of the press who

4394
03:24:52,181 --> 03:24:54,350
welcomed them with a standing ovation

4395
03:24:54,350 --> 03:24:58,990
[Applause]

4396
03:24:58,990 --> 03:25:01,810
everyone expects to see three absolutes

4397
03:25:01,810 --> 03:25:03,940
heroes shining with happiness and

4398
03:25:03,940 --> 03:25:06,040
proud of their incredible achievement

4399
03:25:06,040 --> 03:25:08,920
but their faces seem darkly tense

4400
03:25:08,920 --> 03:25:11,950
somehow preoccupied they seem

4401
03:25:11,950 --> 03:25:13,870
uncomfortable and there are several

4402
03:25:13,870 --> 03:25:15,970
really embarrassing moments during the

4403
03:25:15,970 --> 03:25:18,310
event when the three are astronauts

4404
03:25:18,310 --> 03:25:20,140
asked the meaning of a mission that has

4405
03:25:20,140 --> 03:25:22,330
brought humanity onto another celestial being

4406
03:25:22,330 --> 03:25:24,670
body for the first time the three do not

4407
03:25:24,670 --> 03:25:27,010
seem too eager and not too enthusiastic

4408
03:25:27,010 --> 03:25:29,590
about answering the question from many of us

4409
03:25:29,590 --> 03:25:32,100
and many other people in many places

4410
03:25:32,100 --> 03:25:34,690
have speculated on the significance of this

4411
03:25:34,690 --> 03:25:36,660
first landing on another body in space

4412
03:25:36,660 --> 03:25:40,660
would each of you please give us your estimate

4413
03:25:40,660 --> 03:25:42,430
of what it means for everyone

4414
03:25:42,430 --> 03:25:44,670
us

4415
03:25:48,881 --> 03:25:51,700
and when Armstrong describes them

4416
03:25:51,700 --> 03:25:53,591
achievement as the beginning of a new one

4417
03:25:53,591 --> 03:25:56,320
era he looks more like a forced person

4418
03:25:56,320 --> 03:25:58,091
to read from a script that someone

4419
03:25:58,091 --> 03:25:59,980
actually convinced of his own words

4420
03:25:59,980 --> 03:26:06,160
whole program it is the beginning of a new one

4421
03:26:06,160 --> 03:26:12,280
age may be the most embarrassing

4422
03:26:12,280 --> 03:26:13,931
the moment of everything comes when the famous

4423
03:26:13,931 --> 03:26:16,150
astronomer and journalists are Patrick

4424
03:26:16,150 --> 03:26:18,521
Moore asks the astronauts if they

4425
03:26:18,521 --> 03:26:20,711
could see stars from the moon if you

4426
03:26:20,711 --> 03:26:22,900
looked up at the sky, you actually could

4427
03:26:22,900 --> 03:26:25,001
see the stars in the state of the corona

4428
03:26:25,001 --> 03:26:27,041
despite death but not one of them

4429
03:26:27,041 --> 03:26:29,440
they surprisingly remember seeing it

4430
03:26:29,440 --> 03:26:31,990
a single naked-eye star we were

4431
03:26:31,990 --> 03:26:33,971
never be able to see stars from the moon

4432
03:26:33,971 --> 03:26:36,370
surface or on the daylight side of the

4433
03:26:36,370 --> 03:26:38,831
Moon with the eye without looking through it

4434
03:26:38,831 --> 03:26:41,740
optics even Collins who remained

4435
03:26:41,740 --> 03:26:43,450
in lunar orbit while the other two

4436
03:26:43,450 --> 03:26:45,341
descended on the surface no

4437
03:26:45,341 --> 03:26:51,461
remember seeing a single star, this is one

4438
03:26:51,461 --> 03:26:53,771
given that really disturbing fact

4439
03:26:53,771 --> 03:26:55,240
their Gemini colleagues

4440
03:26:55,240 --> 03:26:57,251
missions that flew in space for a few years

4441
03:26:57,251 --> 03:26:59,740
before they remember the long hours they spent

4442
03:26:59,740 --> 03:27:02,740
looking at the stars we would spend several

4443
03:27:02,740 --> 03:27:05,291
hours just with our faces pressed up

4444
03:27:05,291 --> 03:27:06,851
against the window at night with all

4445
03:27:06,851 --> 03:27:09,190
dimmed lights and watch the

4446
03:27:09,190 --> 03:27:11,261
stars also the astronauts of the

4447
03:27:11,261 --> 03:27:13,391
shuttle missions like James for example

4448
03:27:13,391 --> 03:27:15,671
Riley remembers seeing literally millions

4449
03:27:15,671 --> 03:27:18,131
of stars in space what are the

4450
03:27:18,131 --> 03:27:20,261
stars as in space as they are just

4451
03:27:20,261 --> 03:27:22,660
brighter than on earth or how could you

4452
03:27:22,660 --> 03:27:23,320
describe it

4453
03:27:23,320 --> 03:27:25,721
the they are brighter, but they are

4454
03:27:25,721 --> 03:27:27,400
different many things different

4455
03:27:27,400 --> 03:27:28,900
about one that you have not so mysterious

4456
03:27:28,900 --> 03:27:30,341
torsion so that they do not twinkle properly

4457
03:27:30,341 --> 03:27:32,831
you see many points and you see the

4458
03:27:32,831 --> 03:27:34,570
many points and that literally

4459
03:27:34,570 --> 03:27:36,971
millions of them one wonders where the

4460
03:27:36,971 --> 03:27:39,671
Apollo 11 astronauts have really been in

4461
03:27:39,671 --> 03:27:41,471
the crucial eight days of their mission

4462
03:27:41,471 --> 03:27:43,391
given that they don't remember being a

4463
03:27:43,391 --> 03:27:46,870
single star with the naked eye another

4464
03:27:46,870 --> 03:27:48,791
surprising fact is that instead of

4465
03:27:48,791 --> 03:27:51,070
pursuing a successful career within NASA

4466
03:27:51,070 --> 03:27:53,530
after that triumph the three ignite

4467
03:27:53,530 --> 03:27:55,721
astronauts suddenly decided to make the

4468
03:27:55,721 --> 03:27:58,961
space agency just over a year later

4469
03:27:58,961 --> 03:28:00,641
their mission with the Apollo program

4470
03:28:00,641 --> 03:28:01,280
still

4471
03:28:01,280 --> 03:28:03,771
in full swing all three astronauts

4472
03:28:03,771 --> 03:28:07,880
literally resigned from NASA Armstrong

4473
03:28:07,880 --> 03:28:09,980
disappears from the scene goes to the

4474
03:28:09,980 --> 03:28:12,230
country decides not to give more

4475
03:28:12,230 --> 03:28:14,960
interviews and shuns the public eye as well

4476
03:28:14,960 --> 03:28:17,271
when NASA celebrates the completion of

4477
03:28:17,271 --> 03:28:19,550
the Apollo program that carried out 12

4478
03:28:19,550 --> 03:28:21,230
men to the moon in the course of three

4479
03:28:21,230 --> 03:28:23,811
years the most important of them all Neil

4480
03:28:23,811 --> 03:28:26,601
Armstrong refuses to participate in the

4481
03:28:26,601 --> 03:28:30,200
ceremony Buzz Aldrin also falls into one

4482
03:28:30,200 --> 03:28:32,360
deep state of depression that guides him

4483
03:28:32,360 --> 03:28:34,940
against abuse of drugs and alcohol I

4484
03:28:34,940 --> 03:28:38,440
thrived on addictive substances

4485
03:28:38,440 --> 03:28:41,540
alcoholism and that clearly started

4486
03:28:41,540 --> 03:28:45,370
predominate in my unstructured life

4487
03:28:45,370 --> 03:28:48,170
1973 he appears in a photo in Perry

4488
03:28:48,170 --> 03:28:50,690
Match has definitely changed in his physique

4489
03:28:50,690 --> 03:28:53,330
aspect to the French magazine Aldrin

4490
03:28:53,330 --> 03:28:56,150
declares that they consider us heroes, but

4491
03:28:56,150 --> 03:28:59,570
the moon destroyed us in 1994

4492
03:28:59,570 --> 03:29:01,730
interview Aldrin is asked to give something

4493
03:29:01,730 --> 03:29:03,800
advice to the young people who want it

4494
03:29:03,800 --> 03:29:06,080
become astronauts in the future

4495
03:29:06,080 --> 03:29:07,550
instead of encouraging them and

4496
03:29:07,550 --> 03:29:10,460
inspires them with enthusiasm he warns

4497
03:29:10,460 --> 03:29:12,710
against possible disappointments

4498
03:29:12,710 --> 03:29:15,980
space and its limits are certain

4499
03:29:15,980 --> 03:29:20,780
new and challenging and because they are

4500
03:29:20,780 --> 03:29:21,920
they are also new and challenging

4501
03:29:21,920 --> 03:29:24,200
insecure and I think everyone is ambitious

4502
03:29:24,200 --> 03:29:26,200
that must be a career field

4503
03:29:26,200 --> 03:29:29,030
equipped with a lot of patience and the

4504
03:29:29,030 --> 03:29:31,580
ability to deal with things that are not running

4505
03:29:31,580 --> 03:29:33,530
just as they can perceive

4506
03:29:33,530 --> 03:29:35,450
that they would in advance why would

4507
03:29:35,450 --> 03:29:37,370
a man who had just achieved the most

4508
03:29:37,370 --> 03:29:39,110
important mission in the history of

4509
03:29:39,110 --> 03:29:41,660
humanity warned young people against the

4510
03:29:41,660 --> 03:29:43,601
risk of disappointment and failure

4511
03:29:43,601 --> 03:29:45,920
ladies and gentlemen Neil Armstrong

4512
03:29:45,920 --> 03:29:48,561
Armstrong sometimes reappears in public

4513
03:29:48,561 --> 03:29:50,601
but it is certainly not for singing

4514
03:29:50,601 --> 03:29:52,971
praise for NASA at a ceremony hosted by

4515
03:29:52,971 --> 03:29:56,570
Bill Clinton in 1994 Armstrong makes a

4516
03:29:56,570 --> 03:29:59,360
ambiguous and mysterious statement while

4517
03:29:59,360 --> 03:30:01,130
talking to a group of students

4518
03:30:01,130 --> 03:30:03,530
mentions some protective truths

4519
03:30:03,530 --> 03:30:05,391
layers that young people should try

4520
03:30:05,391 --> 03:30:08,530
delete to continue, we leave you

4521
03:30:08,530 --> 03:30:13,120
a lot that has been undone is great

4522
03:30:13,120 --> 03:30:16,570
ideas undiscovered breakthroughs

4523
03:30:16,570 --> 03:30:21,400
available to those who can remove one

4524
03:30:21,400 --> 03:30:24,850
truths protective layers later

4525
03:30:24,850 --> 03:30:27,610
Armstrong once again baffles reporters like him

4526
03:30:27,610 --> 03:30:29,800
refuses to participate in the celebrations

4527
03:30:29,800 --> 03:30:32,050
of the 40th anniversary of the Apollo

4528
03:30:32,050 --> 03:30:35,740
mission in 2004 filmmaker bart sibrel

4529
03:30:35,740 --> 03:30:38,530
produces a documentary called Astronauts

4530
03:30:38,530 --> 03:30:40,840
gone wild in which he interviews the

4531
03:30:40,840 --> 03:30:42,760
astronauts of the Apollo missions and

4532
03:30:42,760 --> 03:30:44,980
asks them to swear it on the Bible

4533
03:30:44,980 --> 03:30:47,770
they really have been to the moon we

4534
03:30:47,770 --> 03:30:49,630
should note that in the United

4535
03:30:49,630 --> 03:30:51,910
Stands a sworn testimony filmed

4536
03:30:51,910 --> 03:30:54,130
camera can be used in a court against

4537
03:30:54,130 --> 03:30:56,170
the person who gave that testimony

4538
03:30:56,170 --> 03:30:58,570
and in the United States, perjury is one

4539
03:30:58,570 --> 03:31:00,480
crime that can even land you in jail

4540
03:31:00,480 --> 03:31:02,800
we don't know if this is real

4541
03:31:02,800 --> 03:31:05,080
reason, but it's interesting to note

4542
03:31:05,080 --> 03:31:07,780
that once Neil Armstrong realizes he is

4543
03:31:07,780 --> 03:31:10,030
filmed by Sea Burrell's camera he

4544
03:31:10,030 --> 03:31:12,010
refuses to swear on the Bible I wanted

4545
03:31:12,010 --> 03:31:13,360
to give you the opportunity to swear

4546
03:31:13,360 --> 03:31:14,470
the Bible that you walked on the moon

4547
03:31:14,470 --> 03:31:16,360
would you put your left hand on the Bible

4548
03:31:16,360 --> 03:31:17,920
and swear to God you walked on the

4549
03:31:17,920 --> 03:31:19,870
moon Jenna

4550
03:31:19,870 --> 03:31:23,290
Mr. sniper yes if he actually walked on

4551
03:31:23,290 --> 03:31:25,030
the moon why wouldn't you do it like that

4552
03:31:25,030 --> 03:31:27,220
why don't you just put it there afterwards

4553
03:31:27,220 --> 03:31:29,020
see Braille offers him five thousand

4554
03:31:29,020 --> 03:31:31,120
dollars in cash to donate to charity

4555
03:31:31,120 --> 03:31:33,730
Armstrong still refuses to swear yes

4556
03:31:33,730 --> 03:31:35,740
five thousand dollars cash you can give

4557
03:31:35,740 --> 03:31:37,180
it to charity if you swear on the Bible

4558
03:31:37,180 --> 03:31:38,230
that you walked on the moon

4559
03:31:38,230 --> 03:31:41,530
it may be good, why don't you worry why

4560
03:31:41,530 --> 03:31:44,200
not why wouldn't you Buzz Aldrin too

4561
03:31:44,200 --> 03:31:45,970
refuses to swear, why don't you swear further

4562
03:31:45,970 --> 03:31:49,230
the Bible that you walked on the moon

4563
03:31:50,390 --> 03:31:52,410
why don't you swear that on the bible

4564
03:31:52,410 --> 03:31:55,920
you walked on the moon like that, i just did

4565
03:31:55,920 --> 03:31:57,240
did the Bible warn you that you were on the

4566
03:31:57,240 --> 03:31:57,450
Moon

4567
03:31:57,450 --> 03:31:59,220
see Braille persists and even

4568
03:31:59,220 --> 03:32:00,930
insults Aldrin to the first

4569
03:32:00,930 --> 03:32:04,290
astronaut hits him with a punch

4570
03:32:04,290 --> 03:32:06,390
the end of the day just like Armstrong

4571
03:32:06,390 --> 03:32:10,080
Aldrin also refused to swear to Michael

4572
03:32:10,080 --> 03:32:12,180
Collins to the 3rd Apollo astronaut

4573
03:32:12,180 --> 03:32:14,729
refuses to swear and actually runs away

4574
03:32:14,729 --> 03:32:16,710
see braille as if he saw the devil

4575
03:32:16,710 --> 03:32:18,090
Well, I'm asking you to swear in the Bible

4576
03:32:18,090 --> 03:32:19,530
that you would orbit the moon

4577
03:32:19,530 --> 03:32:21,120
please leave well if you really

4578
03:32:21,120 --> 03:32:22,590
circled the moon why don't you swear

4579
03:32:22,590 --> 03:32:24,930
the Bible you did, so I just don't

4580
03:32:24,930 --> 03:32:26,220
understand why when you orbit the moon

4581
03:32:26,220 --> 03:32:27,479
you wouldn't have a problem with it

4582
03:32:27,479 --> 03:32:29,880
swearing on the Bible or reading Braille

4583
03:32:29,880 --> 03:32:31,290
certainly does not have a pleasant one

4584
03:32:31,290 --> 03:32:33,510
approach only if someone has been real

4585
03:32:33,510 --> 03:32:36,300
on the moon why don't you all swear

4586
03:32:36,300 --> 03:32:37,830
should do to get rid of it

4587
03:32:37,830 --> 03:32:39,420
the nuisance would have been to stretch

4588
03:32:39,420 --> 03:32:42,300
hold out your hand and swear on the Bible

4589
03:32:42,300 --> 03:32:44,340
top Armstrong could have given five

4590
03:32:44,340 --> 03:32:46,440
thousand dollars in charity simply by

4591
03:32:46,440 --> 03:32:49,320
performing that act, but none of the

4592
03:32:49,320 --> 03:32:51,710
three astronauts wanted to do it

4593
03:32:51,710 --> 03:32:54,710
Why

4594
03:32:55,150 --> 03:32:58,370
[Music]

4595
03:33:00,890 --> 03:33:06,040
[Music]

4596
03:33:06,790 --> 03:33:11,690
Okay, here we go, hold it

4597
03:33:11,690 --> 03:33:14,740
smile, that's fine, keep it quiet

4598
03:33:14,740 --> 03:33:17,690
hey wait a minute wait a minute is true

4599
03:33:17,690 --> 03:33:28,000
the moon hey sorry i will make it spicy

4600
03:33:28,000 --> 03:33:36,020
go there to study it. Okay okay

4601
03:33:36,020 --> 03:33:38,920
here we go again, now hold tight

4602
03:33:38,920 --> 03:33:41,590
Come on Betty, come on, give me a smile

4603
03:33:41,590 --> 03:33:47,680
that's right, keep it up

4604
03:33:49,040 --> 03:34:45,409
[Music]