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Transcription by CastingWords

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Transcription by CastingWords

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Transcription by CastingWords

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It leads to a compelling and shocking hypothesis

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that the ship that plummeted two miles to the bottom of the sea

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was not the Titanic

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but its sister ship, the Olympic

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The copies of the victory is halfway through Cesar Reduced

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The use of the ship who only pours the STUDY

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but the ship is much worse than the May 28th

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The ship is only the ship's más deoupe

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The ship's steep and景 modern

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Themusic

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eclectic

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The ship's very dangerous

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The ship's very visited today

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The ship's very very dangerous

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The ship is very dangerous

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The ship's very dangerous

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The ship's very dangerous

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The ship's secret's америк смотреть

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The Titanic and the Olympic were built for the White Star Line

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by Belfast shipbuilders Harland and Wolfe,

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whose chairman was Lord Piri.

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Harland and Wolfe built ships almost exclusively for the White Star Line,

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which was acquired in 1903 by American financier J. Pierpont Morgan's International Mercantile Marine.

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This was part of a drive to create a monopoly on the lucrative North Atlantic passenger trade.

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Chairman of the White Star Line was J. Bruce Ismay.

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It was in fact Lord Piri who was responsible for bringing together Morgan's money

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and British engineering excellence.

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Over dinner at Piri's London residence in 1907,

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Lord Piri and White Star Line's Bruce Ismay

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conceived the idea of building three luxurious superliners.

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First the Olympic,

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then the Titanic,

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and finally the Britannic.

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The first of the new ships, Olympic and Titanic,

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were to be virtually identical.

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This represented the White Star Line's survival strategy

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in the highly competitive North Atlantic passenger market,

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while also ensuring a bright future for the Harland and Wolfe shipyard.

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As well as holding a large financial stake in Harland and Wolfe,

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Lord Piri was a shareholder in the White Star Line

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and the International Mercantile Marine.

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Almost all passenger liners on the North Atlantic route

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in the early part of the 20th century were immigrant ships.

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In poor condition, many were known as coffin ships.

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And their owners blatantly overloaded and overinsured their vessels.

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In fact, it was an industry noted at the time for fraud.

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On the 14th of June, 1911,

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the Olympic made her maiden voyage

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under the command of Captain Edward J. Smith,

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Commodore of the White Star Line.

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Then, just a week later,

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still under the command of Edward Smith,

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the Olympic was involved in a stern collision

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with the tug O.L. Hallenbeck in New York,

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an accident that nearly caused the tug to sink.

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Barely three months later,

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on the 20th of September, 1911,

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the Olympic, still under the command of Captain Smith,

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was involved in yet another collision,

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this time with the British warship H.M.S. Hawk

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in the Brambles Channel in Southampton Water.

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It was a serious collision,

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which was to seal the fate of the Olympic.

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Pulled in by the suction from the Olympic's great propellers,

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the Hawk is irresistibly drawn towards the larger vessel,

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and the two ships collide.

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The Hawk's underwater ram and bows

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strike and penetrate the starboard side of the Olympic,

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causing a triangular hole several meters high,

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and an even larger hole below the waterline.

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Any accident involving a Royal Naval ship

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was investigated by the Admiralty,

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who, not surprisingly in this case,

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found that the Olympic was at fault,

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even though the evidence,

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including eyewitness accounts, suggested otherwise.

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As a consequence of this ruling,

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the White Star's insurers declined to pay out on the claim.

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The damage done to the Olympic was severe.

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Besides being holed both above and below the waterline,

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she sustained numerous other injuries,

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including steel frames buckled,

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thousands of rivets popped,

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steel plating dislodged over four decks,

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and distortion to the starboard propeller and crankshaft.

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To make matters worse,

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the keel was bent,

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giving the ship a pronounced list to port.

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Interestingly enough,

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when six months later

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the ship which came to be known as the Titanic

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made her maiden voyage out of Southampton,

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second-class passenger Lawrence Beasley,

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a science teacher,

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noted that the ship seemed to have a slight

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but permanent list to port

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on the first part of the voyage,

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a fact noted by several other surviving passengers.

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The Great Hull was patched up in Southampton

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by riveting steel plates below the waterline

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and reinforcing with wooden beams above.

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This work took over two weeks,

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suggesting just how serious the damage was.

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In October 1911,

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with these temporary repair works in place,

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the Olympic then limped back

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to the Harland and Wolfe shipyard in Belfast

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for more permanent repairs to be done.

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In fact, some of those temporary repairs

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failed during the voyage to Belfast.

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By the way, remember

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that although this is a model of the Olympic,

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the two ships were virtually identical.

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It's this fact

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which made a conspiracy feasible,

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a conspiracy of monumental proportions.

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The starboard propeller is going to have to be replaced

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and the crankshaft is damaged.

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There's a crack between the arm and the shaft.

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But worse, the keel is bent.

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That's going to give her a permanent list to port

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and there's no way we can correct that.

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We're going to have to cut the ship in half,

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insert a new frame,

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and then put it all back together again.

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The top is going to take months,

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and frankly, for what it's going to cost,

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I think it's simply a waste of time.

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Can you not just patch her up

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until Titanic is ready?

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Well, we could put in a bulkhead to strengthen her.

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But to be honest, sir,

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she will never pass another board of trade inspection.

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In Belfast, the Titanic was nearing completion,

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but all work on her stopped

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so that every effort could be put into the repair of the Olympic.

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This work took seven weeks

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instead of the two weeks originally planned

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and involved replacing steel plates

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along fully one-third of the starboard side of the ship.

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Another indication that the damage was far worse

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than was originally thought.

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Now look at this.

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This is a film of the Olympic

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backing out of the dock in New York.

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You can see where she's been patched up

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on her starboard side.

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It's a huge area.

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And that's just the damage above the waterline.

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In order to get the Olympic back to sea

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and earning a profit as soon as possible,

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the starboard propeller,

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stamped with the Titanic's number 401

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and not yet fitted to the Titanic,

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was fitted to the Olympic.

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This is a fact of some considerable significance,

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as we shall find out later.

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The Olympic's troubles, however,

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were only just beginning.

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After leaving New York Harbor

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on the 24th of February 1912,

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she ran over a sunken wreck off the Grand Banks

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and threw a propeller blade again on this starboard side.

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The loss of the propeller blade shock-loaded the engine and drive shaft

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and placed enormous stresses on the already weakened liner.

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She limped back to Southampton on only one engine,

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arriving there on the 28th of February.

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By the 2nd of March,

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she was once again in the Thompson dry dock in Belfast,

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having her propeller blade replaced.

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This should have taken only a few hours,

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but the Olympic was there in Belfast until the 7th of March.

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In Belfast,

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the Titanic and the Olympic were most often berthed side by side

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and were regularly moved in and out of the Thompson dry dock,

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especially during repairs to the Olympic.

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On a close examination of contemporary archive photographs,

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it is possible to see the minor differences in design

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that tell the two ships apart.

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On the forward part of sea deck,

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Olympic was built with 16 portholes.

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The Titanic with 14.

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Somewhat mysteriously,

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the Titanic has acquired two extra portholes

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between its launch and its maiden voyage.

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This clearly points to the possibility

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that the two ships were switched.

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At the time of Titanic's launch,

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the windows on B deck are clearly discernible

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as being evenly spaced.

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Yet at the time of her maiden voyage,

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they have taken on a distinctly uneven appearance.

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And whereas the Olympic had been open to the public

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for inspection in Belfast and Liverpool,

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Titanic was not.

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That first week in March, 1912,

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was the last time that the Olympic and Titanic

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were together in Belfast.

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The twin ships side by side on the River Lagan.

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And that was when the decision to switch them

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could have been made.

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You can't be serious.

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Olympic and Titanic are exactly the same.

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No one will know we've switched them

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when they get back to work on Monday morning.

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We'll just swap the names.

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Everything else is standard White Star issue.

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I have some boys at the yard

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who'll do the job for a couple of hundred pounds each

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and say nothing.

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We'll never get away with it.

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If word of this gets out,

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it's either that is me

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or we both go down.

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White Star Line and this yard.

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There's got to be another way.

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There isn't.

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We have no choice.

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Right.

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That's it then.

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Switching the two ships

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would have been a remarkably simple undertaking.

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There were no members of the press poking around

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or roving TV crews looking for a story.

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Even photography was in its infancy at the time.

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And generally,

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people believed what they were told

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to be the truth.

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All crockery, linen and so on

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was White Star standard issue,

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interchangeable from ship to ship.

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Letterheads and menus, etc.

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were styled to the particular ship

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but could easily have been changed.

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Only the names on the bows

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and sterns of the ships,

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the nameplates on the lifeboats

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and 48 lifebelts

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would have to be swapped.

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This could easily have been achieved

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using a very small crew,

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literally over a weekend.

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And it's highly unlikely

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that anyone would have noticed a switch

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when they returned to work on Monday morning.

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White Star often used photographs,

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both exterior and interior,

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of the Olympic as the Titanic

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in their advertisements and press releases.

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Both ships had tiled and linoleum flooring.

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Yet, just days before Titanic's maiden voyage,

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Ismay, chairman of the White Star Line,

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ordered her floors to be carpeted.

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Was this to cover Olympic's worn linoleum floors?

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The Harland and Wolf Yard

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was a vast labyrinth of buildings and workshops

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as well as machinery and ships

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in various stages of completion.

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Any unusual activity would hardly be noticed.

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The social order of the day was such

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that the majority of the workers

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would never have thought

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to question their betters.

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They lived in a time

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when the majority of the population

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were told what to think,

270
00:14:17,040 --> 00:14:17,560
where to go,

271
00:14:17,920 --> 00:14:19,280
what to do and when to do it.

272
00:14:19,900 --> 00:14:21,200
It was also a lot easier

273
00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:22,680
in the early years of the century

274
00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:24,480
to bribe or even bully men

275
00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:25,840
into towing the company line,

276
00:14:26,000 --> 00:14:26,720
as we shall see

277
00:14:26,720 --> 00:14:28,120
when the surviving crew members

278
00:14:28,120 --> 00:14:28,960
returned to Britain.

279
00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:32,780
There was no social security safety net

280
00:14:32,780 --> 00:14:33,540
for the unemployed

281
00:14:33,540 --> 00:14:35,320
and companies had the power

282
00:14:35,320 --> 00:14:37,260
to dismiss whole families of workers

283
00:14:37,260 --> 00:14:38,800
if one of them did not do

284
00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:39,720
as he was told.

285
00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:42,280
There's a wee scam going on here

286
00:14:42,280 --> 00:14:44,620
and the bosses are in on it.

287
00:14:45,660 --> 00:14:47,860
They switched those ships two weeks ago

288
00:14:47,860 --> 00:14:49,260
and I know it.

289
00:14:49,980 --> 00:14:51,100
Listen to me, Paddy.

290
00:14:51,540 --> 00:14:52,600
Any more talk from you

291
00:14:52,600 --> 00:14:54,200
about two ships being swapped over

292
00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:55,140
and you'll end up

293
00:14:55,140 --> 00:14:56,280
at the bottom of the River Lagan.

294
00:14:56,620 --> 00:14:57,420
So remember that

295
00:14:57,420 --> 00:14:58,400
when you get back to your wife

296
00:14:58,400 --> 00:14:59,560
and you're 17 kids,

297
00:15:00,060 --> 00:15:01,060
you Irish scum.

298
00:15:02,140 --> 00:15:04,400
The Olympics' original sea trials,

299
00:15:04,640 --> 00:15:05,940
conducted by the Board of Trade,

300
00:15:06,140 --> 00:15:07,620
lasted two full days

301
00:15:07,620 --> 00:15:09,600
while the ship was put through its paces.

302
00:15:10,420 --> 00:15:10,940
Strangely,

303
00:15:11,280 --> 00:15:12,620
the Titanic's sea trials

304
00:15:12,620 --> 00:15:14,060
were a most peremptory affair.

305
00:15:14,640 --> 00:15:16,640
No strenuous manoeuvres were carried out

306
00:15:16,640 --> 00:15:18,140
and the inspection was over

307
00:15:18,140 --> 00:15:19,200
in time for lunch.

308
00:15:19,800 --> 00:15:20,360
Of course,

309
00:15:20,680 --> 00:15:22,640
by now the switch had taken place.

310
00:15:22,640 --> 00:15:25,800
The collision between the Olympic

311
00:15:25,800 --> 00:15:26,820
and HMS Hawk

312
00:15:26,820 --> 00:15:27,720
was by no means

313
00:15:27,720 --> 00:15:29,800
Captain Smith's first incident at sea.

314
00:15:30,220 --> 00:15:30,640
In fact,

315
00:15:30,700 --> 00:15:31,480
he had one of the worst

316
00:15:31,480 --> 00:15:32,980
professional records of his day.

317
00:15:34,040 --> 00:15:36,140
The Commodore of the White Star Line

318
00:15:36,140 --> 00:15:37,000
was a show-off

319
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:38,620
who liked to drive his ships

320
00:15:38,620 --> 00:15:40,380
as though they were giant speedboats

321
00:15:40,380 --> 00:15:42,500
and he damaged a few in his time.

322
00:15:43,300 --> 00:15:45,040
The three incidents involving the Olympic,

323
00:15:45,440 --> 00:15:47,260
which probably damaged her permanently,

324
00:15:47,940 --> 00:15:48,640
must have put him

325
00:15:48,640 --> 00:15:50,020
in a very serious position

326
00:15:50,020 --> 00:15:51,300
in the eyes of his employers.

327
00:15:52,640 --> 00:15:53,800
Could he perhaps

328
00:15:53,800 --> 00:15:54,760
have been summoned

329
00:15:54,760 --> 00:15:56,520
by J. Bruce Ismay,

330
00:15:56,860 --> 00:15:58,260
chairman of the White Star Line,

331
00:15:58,760 --> 00:15:59,740
once it became obvious

332
00:15:59,740 --> 00:16:01,140
that the Olympic was a write-off?

333
00:16:02,100 --> 00:16:02,760
If so,

334
00:16:03,180 --> 00:16:04,220
it would have been a meeting

335
00:16:04,220 --> 00:16:06,460
with the very gravest of consequences.

336
00:16:06,840 --> 00:16:07,620
Oh, come now, E.J.

337
00:16:08,920 --> 00:16:10,540
We've always been good to you,

338
00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:13,200
kept you in brandy and cigars.

339
00:16:14,180 --> 00:16:14,700
Besides,

340
00:16:15,020 --> 00:16:16,320
it's not going to be that difficult.

341
00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:18,940
You've broken a few of our ships, E.J.

342
00:16:19,840 --> 00:16:20,700
The Republic,

343
00:16:20,700 --> 00:16:22,020
the Germanic,

344
00:16:22,020 --> 00:16:23,100
the Coptic,

345
00:16:23,360 --> 00:16:24,940
and when that fire broke out

346
00:16:24,940 --> 00:16:25,520
on the Majestic

347
00:16:25,520 --> 00:16:26,620
and those crewmen were killed.

348
00:16:26,700 --> 00:16:28,140
Yes, I know you denied

349
00:16:28,140 --> 00:16:29,080
it had ever happened,

350
00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:30,860
but we did know.

351
00:16:32,140 --> 00:16:33,260
We gave you command

352
00:16:33,260 --> 00:16:34,680
of the Olympic,

353
00:16:35,220 --> 00:16:36,100
and look what a disaster

354
00:16:36,100 --> 00:16:37,120
that's turned out to be.

355
00:16:37,120 --> 00:16:40,780
And we always paid you well, E.J.

356
00:16:43,240 --> 00:16:43,720
Look,

357
00:16:44,080 --> 00:16:45,900
it's not for me.

358
00:16:46,680 --> 00:16:47,960
It's for the company.

359
00:16:47,960 --> 00:16:52,300
We are in a desperate situation financially,

360
00:16:52,300 --> 00:16:53,980
especially after what happened

361
00:16:53,980 --> 00:16:54,520
to the Olympic.

362
00:16:55,980 --> 00:16:56,420
So,

363
00:16:56,700 --> 00:16:58,960
I'm sorry to have to put it to you like this,

364
00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:01,320
but you do owe us.

365
00:17:01,320 --> 00:17:06,400
We've arranged for a small steamer

366
00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:07,280
from the Leyland Line

367
00:17:07,280 --> 00:17:08,000
to be in a position

368
00:17:08,000 --> 00:17:09,280
to take the passengers off.

369
00:17:11,740 --> 00:17:13,380
I've a good man lined up for the job,

370
00:17:14,080 --> 00:17:14,480
Lord,

371
00:17:15,320 --> 00:17:16,560
Captain Stanley Lord.

372
00:17:16,980 --> 00:17:17,820
Ever come across him?

373
00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:19,980
Well, he's done this sort of thing before.

374
00:17:20,620 --> 00:17:21,800
Well, he did the job so well

375
00:17:21,800 --> 00:17:23,260
he received a commendation for it.

376
00:17:23,980 --> 00:17:24,320
So,

377
00:17:24,820 --> 00:17:25,860
there it is.

378
00:17:26,540 --> 00:17:27,960
He'll be there to lend a hand.

379
00:17:27,960 --> 00:17:30,520
And I'll be there, of course,

380
00:17:31,460 --> 00:17:32,560
along for the ride.

381
00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:35,440
All right, then.

382
00:17:35,460 --> 00:17:36,660
I want to choose my own officers.

383
00:17:40,340 --> 00:17:40,740
Yes.

384
00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:43,000
Of course, E.J.

385
00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:46,140
Men you can trust, eh?

386
00:17:47,680 --> 00:17:50,020
At the time of Titanic's maiden voyage,

387
00:17:50,460 --> 00:17:52,220
Britain was in the grip of a coal strike.

388
00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:54,340
Fuel was in short supply,

389
00:17:54,740 --> 00:17:55,440
and ships and men

390
00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:56,800
were laid up in Southampton.

391
00:17:56,800 --> 00:17:57,960
And yet,

392
00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:00,260
White Star Line had difficulty

393
00:18:00,260 --> 00:18:01,820
finding firemen and greasers

394
00:18:01,820 --> 00:18:03,720
to work below decks on the Titanic.

395
00:18:05,340 --> 00:18:08,080
After steaming from Belfast to Southampton,

396
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:10,000
all but two of the firemen

397
00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:11,360
aboard the ill-fated liner

398
00:18:11,360 --> 00:18:13,860
refused to sign up again in Southampton

399
00:18:13,860 --> 00:18:15,360
for the voyage across the Atlantic,

400
00:18:16,360 --> 00:18:17,800
preferring to wait for employment

401
00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:18,720
on another ship.

402
00:18:19,640 --> 00:18:20,480
All these men,

403
00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:22,360
in the middle of a coal strike,

404
00:18:23,020 --> 00:18:24,860
with so many thousands laid off,

405
00:18:24,860 --> 00:18:26,820
what did they know?

406
00:18:28,820 --> 00:18:30,660
Shortly before Titanic sailed,

407
00:18:31,060 --> 00:18:32,180
Chief Officer Wilde,

408
00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:34,100
who was to lose his life three nights later,

409
00:18:34,180 --> 00:18:35,440
wrote a letter to his sister,

410
00:18:35,960 --> 00:18:36,680
in which he said,

411
00:18:37,120 --> 00:18:38,800
I still don't like this ship.

412
00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:41,560
Strange thing for a man to say,

413
00:18:41,940 --> 00:18:44,100
who had just set foot on board the day before.

414
00:18:44,100 --> 00:18:47,020
Unless, of course,

415
00:18:47,340 --> 00:18:48,580
he realized he was actually

416
00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:49,720
on his old ship Olympic.

417
00:18:53,560 --> 00:18:54,820
It's strange to think

418
00:18:54,820 --> 00:18:55,760
that as the Olympic,

419
00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:57,160
now renamed the Titanic,

420
00:18:57,620 --> 00:18:58,740
was preparing to make

421
00:18:58,740 --> 00:19:00,140
her second maiden voyage,

422
00:19:00,620 --> 00:19:02,160
the ship that started out life

423
00:19:02,160 --> 00:19:03,220
as the Titanic,

424
00:19:03,560 --> 00:19:05,000
and was now called the Olympic,

425
00:19:05,480 --> 00:19:07,140
had to enter her working life

426
00:19:07,140 --> 00:19:08,660
with no fanfare at all.

427
00:19:09,820 --> 00:19:11,760
The Olympic's original maiden voyage

428
00:19:11,760 --> 00:19:12,820
was fully subscribed,

429
00:19:14,060 --> 00:19:14,920
whereas her second,

430
00:19:15,140 --> 00:19:16,180
this time as the Titanic,

431
00:19:16,840 --> 00:19:18,180
was only about half full,

432
00:19:18,380 --> 00:19:19,920
and that in the middle of a coal strike,

433
00:19:20,180 --> 00:19:21,540
when passengers were queuing up

434
00:19:21,540 --> 00:19:22,360
to get to America.

435
00:19:23,480 --> 00:19:24,520
First-class passengers

436
00:19:24,520 --> 00:19:25,940
on other White Star ships

437
00:19:25,940 --> 00:19:26,600
were only offered

438
00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:28,380
second-class berths on Titanic,

439
00:19:28,840 --> 00:19:29,700
even though we know

440
00:19:29,700 --> 00:19:30,800
that first-class cabins

441
00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:31,500
were available.

442
00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:33,380
It's almost as though

443
00:19:33,380 --> 00:19:34,320
White Star Line

444
00:19:34,320 --> 00:19:36,200
didn't want that many people on board.

445
00:19:37,560 --> 00:19:38,400
By the way,

446
00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:40,560
when I refer to the Titanic

447
00:19:40,560 --> 00:19:41,560
from this time on,

448
00:19:42,000 --> 00:19:42,860
I want you to remember

449
00:19:42,860 --> 00:19:43,780
that I'm actually talking

450
00:19:43,780 --> 00:19:44,400
about the ship

451
00:19:44,400 --> 00:19:45,640
that started out its life

452
00:19:45,640 --> 00:19:46,180
as the Olympic,

453
00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:47,820
but which we believe

454
00:19:47,820 --> 00:19:48,620
by this stage

455
00:19:48,620 --> 00:19:49,560
had been switched

456
00:19:49,560 --> 00:19:51,220
and taken on the identity

457
00:19:51,220 --> 00:19:52,220
of the Titanic.

458
00:19:55,440 --> 00:19:57,140
The coal strike is important

459
00:19:57,140 --> 00:19:57,840
for another,

460
00:19:58,240 --> 00:19:59,880
possibly more sinister, reason.

461
00:20:01,020 --> 00:20:01,820
Most other ships

462
00:20:01,820 --> 00:20:02,920
were desperate for coal,

463
00:20:03,280 --> 00:20:04,300
and passengers and cars

464
00:20:04,300 --> 00:20:05,680
destined for the New World

465
00:20:05,680 --> 00:20:06,760
were stuck in Europe.

466
00:20:07,620 --> 00:20:07,980
Yet,

467
00:20:08,300 --> 00:20:10,120
the Leyland Liner Californian,

468
00:20:10,540 --> 00:20:11,120
under the command

469
00:20:11,120 --> 00:20:12,480
of Captain Stanley Lord,

470
00:20:13,040 --> 00:20:14,180
left the port of London

471
00:20:14,180 --> 00:20:16,500
on the 5th of April, 1912,

472
00:20:16,780 --> 00:20:17,780
just five days

473
00:20:17,780 --> 00:20:19,140
before Titanic's departure

474
00:20:19,140 --> 00:20:20,160
from Southampton,

475
00:20:20,860 --> 00:20:22,280
not only fully cold,

476
00:20:22,820 --> 00:20:24,100
but apart from her own crew,

477
00:20:24,520 --> 00:20:25,540
empty of passengers.

478
00:20:26,740 --> 00:20:27,840
With more than enough coal

479
00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:29,260
to get her to the United States,

480
00:20:29,460 --> 00:20:30,160
she headed off

481
00:20:30,160 --> 00:20:31,240
into the middle of the Atlantic

482
00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:32,280
at full speed,

483
00:20:32,280 --> 00:20:33,400
empty,

484
00:20:33,400 --> 00:20:35,900
apart from a cargo

485
00:20:35,900 --> 00:20:37,300
of woolen sweaters.

486
00:20:43,460 --> 00:20:44,600
Over 50,

487
00:20:44,800 --> 00:20:46,340
mostly first-class passengers,

488
00:20:46,540 --> 00:20:47,540
cancelled their passages

489
00:20:47,540 --> 00:20:48,340
on the Titanic

490
00:20:48,340 --> 00:20:49,360
at the last minute,

491
00:20:49,860 --> 00:20:51,200
many of them close friends

492
00:20:51,200 --> 00:20:52,240
and business associates

493
00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:53,160
of J.P. Morgan.

494
00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:55,420
Morgan himself cancelled

495
00:20:55,420 --> 00:20:56,140
his passage

496
00:20:56,140 --> 00:20:57,400
at the 11th hour,

497
00:20:57,800 --> 00:20:59,140
despite having the best suite

498
00:20:59,140 --> 00:20:59,760
on the ship,

499
00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:00,940
claiming illness.

500
00:21:02,140 --> 00:21:03,420
Two days after the sinking,

501
00:21:03,900 --> 00:21:04,860
an American reporter

502
00:21:04,860 --> 00:21:06,140
found him in perfect health

503
00:21:06,140 --> 00:21:07,220
at the French resort

504
00:21:07,220 --> 00:21:08,080
of Aix-les-Bains

505
00:21:08,080 --> 00:21:09,420
with his mistress.

506
00:21:11,020 --> 00:21:12,140
Morgan also had

507
00:21:12,140 --> 00:21:13,300
several valuable

508
00:21:13,300 --> 00:21:14,500
bronze statues,

509
00:21:14,740 --> 00:21:15,480
which she was planning

510
00:21:15,480 --> 00:21:16,040
to import

511
00:21:16,040 --> 00:21:17,120
to the United States,

512
00:21:17,460 --> 00:21:18,740
taken off the Titanic

513
00:21:18,740 --> 00:21:20,440
an hour before she sailed.

514
00:21:21,720 --> 00:21:23,440
Could Morgan have known

515
00:21:23,440 --> 00:21:24,660
the fate of the Titanic,

516
00:21:25,240 --> 00:21:26,040
fully four days

517
00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:27,040
before the disaster?

518
00:21:29,220 --> 00:21:30,320
Florence Ismay,

519
00:21:30,700 --> 00:21:32,260
wife of J. Bruce Ismay,

520
00:21:32,620 --> 00:21:33,660
also turned down

521
00:21:33,660 --> 00:21:34,320
the opportunity

522
00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:35,720
of taking the maiden voyage

523
00:21:35,720 --> 00:21:36,280
on the world's

524
00:21:36,280 --> 00:21:37,480
most luxurious liner,

525
00:21:38,380 --> 00:21:39,120
preferring instead

526
00:21:39,120 --> 00:21:39,960
to take their children

527
00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:41,120
on a motoring holiday,

528
00:21:42,220 --> 00:21:43,560
after first claiming

529
00:21:43,560 --> 00:21:44,260
ill health.

530
00:21:44,260 --> 00:21:48,260
Now there is one thing

531
00:21:48,260 --> 00:21:49,200
that sailors fear

532
00:21:49,200 --> 00:21:50,060
above all else,

533
00:21:50,440 --> 00:21:51,780
and that is fire at sea.

534
00:21:52,460 --> 00:21:52,820
And yet,

535
00:21:52,900 --> 00:21:53,960
when Titanic cast off

536
00:21:53,960 --> 00:21:54,660
from Southampton,

537
00:21:54,760 --> 00:21:55,380
there was a fire

538
00:21:55,380 --> 00:21:56,040
smouldering in

539
00:21:56,040 --> 00:21:57,200
Number 10 Coal Bunker.

540
00:21:58,640 --> 00:21:59,740
Instead of putting out

541
00:21:59,740 --> 00:22:00,180
the fire,

542
00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:01,360
the bunker was actually

543
00:22:01,360 --> 00:22:02,000
topped up

544
00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:03,640
with 400 tons of coal.

545
00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:05,260
Captain Smith knew it,

546
00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:06,100
the ship's officers

547
00:22:06,100 --> 00:22:07,300
and chief engineer knew it,

548
00:22:07,740 --> 00:22:08,440
as did those

549
00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:09,360
who worked half-heartedly

550
00:22:09,360 --> 00:22:10,140
to put it out.

551
00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:12,760
The fire that had been

552
00:22:12,760 --> 00:22:14,240
smouldering in Coal Bunker

553
00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:14,940
Number 10

554
00:22:14,940 --> 00:22:15,760
had been smouldering

555
00:22:15,760 --> 00:22:16,300
for a week,

556
00:22:16,760 --> 00:22:17,520
and yet it was kept

557
00:22:17,520 --> 00:22:18,600
from the Board of Trade

558
00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:19,140
Inspector,

559
00:22:19,300 --> 00:22:20,320
Maurice Harvey Clark,

560
00:22:20,580 --> 00:22:21,780
who at the British Inquiry

561
00:22:21,780 --> 00:22:23,000
denied all knowledge of it.

562
00:22:24,500 --> 00:22:25,500
Could the fire

563
00:22:25,500 --> 00:22:26,840
in Coal Bunker Number 10

564
00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:28,240
have been Plan B?

565
00:22:29,460 --> 00:22:30,720
If all else fails,

566
00:22:31,140 --> 00:22:31,820
tell the passengers

567
00:22:31,820 --> 00:22:32,560
there's a fire,

568
00:22:32,840 --> 00:22:33,520
vent the smoke

569
00:22:33,520 --> 00:22:34,140
through the ship,

570
00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:35,620
and get them off that way.

571
00:22:37,600 --> 00:22:38,880
Captain Stanley Lord

572
00:22:38,880 --> 00:22:39,720
and the Californian

573
00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:40,860
had left the Port of London

574
00:22:40,860 --> 00:22:41,680
in a great hurry,

575
00:22:42,340 --> 00:22:43,660
ostensibly bound for Boston.

576
00:22:44,240 --> 00:22:44,680
Then,

577
00:22:45,060 --> 00:22:45,640
on the evening

578
00:22:45,640 --> 00:22:46,740
of the 14th of April,

579
00:22:47,320 --> 00:22:48,160
the ship came

580
00:22:48,160 --> 00:22:49,060
to a dead stop

581
00:22:49,060 --> 00:22:49,700
in the middle

582
00:22:49,700 --> 00:22:50,480
of the ice field.

583
00:22:53,260 --> 00:22:53,740
Strangely,

584
00:22:54,260 --> 00:22:55,060
Captain Lord,

585
00:22:55,560 --> 00:22:56,480
six foot tall,

586
00:22:56,840 --> 00:22:57,620
elected to sleep

587
00:22:57,620 --> 00:22:58,120
that night

588
00:22:58,120 --> 00:22:58,940
fully clothed

589
00:22:58,940 --> 00:23:00,400
on a five-and-a-half-foot couch

590
00:23:00,400 --> 00:23:01,200
in the chart room

591
00:23:01,200 --> 00:23:02,520
rather than in his cabin.

592
00:23:03,300 --> 00:23:04,180
He also ordered

593
00:23:04,180 --> 00:23:04,780
her boilers

594
00:23:04,780 --> 00:23:05,780
to be kept fired up

595
00:23:05,780 --> 00:23:06,400
and her engines

596
00:23:06,400 --> 00:23:07,080
on standby.

597
00:23:07,900 --> 00:23:08,280
Why?

598
00:23:08,820 --> 00:23:09,680
Was he expecting

599
00:23:09,680 --> 00:23:10,840
some sort of emergency

600
00:23:10,840 --> 00:23:11,880
that might mean

601
00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:12,840
a last-minute dash

602
00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:13,440
into the night?

603
00:23:14,780 --> 00:23:15,660
That evening,

604
00:23:15,840 --> 00:23:16,800
the Titanic received

605
00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:17,940
six radio messages.

606
00:23:18,720 --> 00:23:19,480
The first three

607
00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:20,380
were from other ships,

608
00:23:20,600 --> 00:23:21,320
giving the location

609
00:23:21,320 --> 00:23:22,220
of icebergs.

610
00:23:22,560 --> 00:23:23,480
The other three

611
00:23:23,480 --> 00:23:25,240
were from the Californian,

612
00:23:25,600 --> 00:23:26,300
more concerned

613
00:23:26,300 --> 00:23:27,540
with giving her own position,

614
00:23:27,900 --> 00:23:28,700
stopped for the night.

615
00:23:30,420 --> 00:23:31,300
Those three

616
00:23:31,300 --> 00:23:32,700
were personally addressed

617
00:23:32,700 --> 00:23:33,700
to Captain Smith.

618
00:23:33,700 --> 00:23:36,220
It's almost as if

619
00:23:36,220 --> 00:23:36,880
Captain Lord

620
00:23:36,880 --> 00:23:38,060
was letting Smith know

621
00:23:38,060 --> 00:23:39,500
that the Californian

622
00:23:39,500 --> 00:23:40,120
was ready

623
00:23:40,120 --> 00:23:41,180
and waiting.

624
00:23:44,740 --> 00:23:45,660
Captain Smith

625
00:23:45,660 --> 00:23:46,360
had delayed

626
00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:47,340
turning the corner

627
00:23:47,340 --> 00:23:48,900
on the outward southern track.

628
00:23:49,440 --> 00:23:50,120
He ordered the turn

629
00:23:50,120 --> 00:23:50,660
to the west

630
00:23:50,660 --> 00:23:51,440
ten miles

631
00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:52,320
further south

632
00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:52,880
than the normal

633
00:23:52,880 --> 00:23:53,660
turning point.

634
00:23:54,380 --> 00:23:55,480
This was certainly not

635
00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:56,420
as an evasive measure

636
00:23:56,420 --> 00:23:57,560
to avoid the ice field,

637
00:23:57,860 --> 00:23:58,820
but one designed

638
00:23:58,820 --> 00:23:59,440
to take him

639
00:23:59,440 --> 00:24:00,700
directly into it.

640
00:24:01,120 --> 00:24:02,340
He must have known this.

641
00:24:03,700 --> 00:24:04,500
Tragically,

642
00:24:04,700 --> 00:24:05,240
Captain Lord

643
00:24:05,240 --> 00:24:05,900
failed to keep

644
00:24:05,900 --> 00:24:07,340
his radio operator awake.

645
00:24:08,100 --> 00:24:08,600
Even so,

646
00:24:08,720 --> 00:24:09,480
the Californian's

647
00:24:09,480 --> 00:24:10,060
last message

648
00:24:10,060 --> 00:24:10,720
to the Titanic

649
00:24:10,720 --> 00:24:11,460
never got there.

650
00:24:11,980 --> 00:24:13,480
The Titanic's radio operators

651
00:24:13,480 --> 00:24:14,300
were too busy

652
00:24:14,300 --> 00:24:15,380
with passengers' messages.

653
00:24:20,460 --> 00:24:21,500
It was standard

654
00:24:21,500 --> 00:24:22,500
practice of the day

655
00:24:22,500 --> 00:24:23,160
for captains

656
00:24:23,160 --> 00:24:24,140
to run their ships

657
00:24:24,140 --> 00:24:25,120
at full speed

658
00:24:25,120 --> 00:24:26,080
through the ice field.

659
00:24:26,680 --> 00:24:27,160
Any object

660
00:24:27,160 --> 00:24:27,640
large enough

661
00:24:27,640 --> 00:24:28,080
to damage

662
00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:29,040
an iron steamship

663
00:24:29,040 --> 00:24:29,880
would be seen

664
00:24:29,880 --> 00:24:30,680
in plenty of time

665
00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:31,360
to avoid it.

666
00:24:32,380 --> 00:24:32,900
Other ships

667
00:24:32,900 --> 00:24:33,480
in the vicinity

668
00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:34,160
cruised on

669
00:24:34,160 --> 00:24:34,900
at full speed

670
00:24:34,900 --> 00:24:35,880
on that night,

671
00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:37,140
so in that respect

672
00:24:37,140 --> 00:24:37,780
Captain Smith

673
00:24:37,780 --> 00:24:39,200
was by no means unique.

674
00:24:41,120 --> 00:24:42,420
So why then

675
00:24:42,420 --> 00:24:43,920
was the Californian stopped?

676
00:24:44,440 --> 00:24:45,180
Had she reached

677
00:24:45,180 --> 00:24:45,940
her destination

678
00:24:45,940 --> 00:24:47,380
and was she now waiting?

679
00:24:49,340 --> 00:24:50,860
Sometime before 11pm,

680
00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:51,920
lookouts Fred Fleet

681
00:24:51,920 --> 00:24:52,800
and Reginald Lee

682
00:24:52,800 --> 00:24:53,880
came on watch

683
00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:54,360
and climbed

684
00:24:54,360 --> 00:24:55,300
to the crow's nest.

685
00:24:57,700 --> 00:24:58,580
Captain Smith

686
00:24:58,580 --> 00:24:59,580
retired for the night,

687
00:24:59,880 --> 00:25:00,840
but coincidentally,

688
00:25:01,060 --> 00:25:01,960
like Stanley Lord,

689
00:25:01,960 --> 00:25:03,460
he also chose to rest

690
00:25:03,460 --> 00:25:04,460
fully clothed,

691
00:25:04,700 --> 00:25:05,620
not in his own cabin

692
00:25:05,620 --> 00:25:06,880
but in the chart room

693
00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:07,820
behind the bridge,

694
00:25:08,260 --> 00:25:09,660
almost as if he expected

695
00:25:09,660 --> 00:25:10,520
to be called back

696
00:25:10,520 --> 00:25:11,020
to the bridge

697
00:25:11,020 --> 00:25:11,860
at any moment.

698
00:25:14,480 --> 00:25:16,200
It was very cold outside

699
00:25:16,200 --> 00:25:17,540
and few if any passengers

700
00:25:17,540 --> 00:25:18,600
would have been on deck.

701
00:25:19,340 --> 00:25:20,400
First Officer Murdoch

702
00:25:20,400 --> 00:25:20,880
was standing

703
00:25:20,880 --> 00:25:21,880
on the open part

704
00:25:21,880 --> 00:25:23,060
of the starboard side

705
00:25:23,060 --> 00:25:23,540
of the bridge

706
00:25:23,540 --> 00:25:24,860
when he saw the iceberg

707
00:25:24,860 --> 00:25:26,560
about 800 yards ahead.

708
00:25:27,100 --> 00:25:27,980
He ordered the ship

709
00:25:27,980 --> 00:25:28,860
turned to port

710
00:25:28,860 --> 00:25:30,140
and inexplicably,

711
00:25:30,480 --> 00:25:31,780
engines full of stern.

712
00:25:32,660 --> 00:25:34,080
By reversing the engines,

713
00:25:34,280 --> 00:25:35,080
Murdoch was actually

714
00:25:35,080 --> 00:25:36,260
increasing the risk

715
00:25:36,260 --> 00:25:36,740
of collision,

716
00:25:36,860 --> 00:25:38,060
something he must have known.

717
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:40,160
Maybe Murdoch,

718
00:25:40,360 --> 00:25:41,960
hand-picked by Captain Smith,

719
00:25:42,640 --> 00:25:43,560
was deciding to give

720
00:25:43,560 --> 00:25:45,080
the iceberg a nudge anyway.

721
00:25:46,740 --> 00:25:48,300
Given that the turning circle

722
00:25:48,300 --> 00:25:48,900
of the Titanic

723
00:25:48,900 --> 00:25:50,920
was 1,280 yards

724
00:25:50,920 --> 00:25:52,220
and the stopping distance

725
00:25:52,220 --> 00:25:53,600
850 yards,

726
00:25:54,540 --> 00:25:55,660
Titanic should have been able

727
00:25:55,660 --> 00:25:56,580
to avoid the iceberg

728
00:25:56,580 --> 00:25:57,900
with the greatest of ease,

729
00:25:58,260 --> 00:25:59,580
even allowing for a slight delay

730
00:25:59,580 --> 00:26:00,520
while orders were given

731
00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:01,280
and the wheel turned

732
00:26:01,280 --> 00:26:02,180
the ship to port.

733
00:26:03,020 --> 00:26:04,220
So why didn't it?

734
00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:07,260
Second Officer Lightholler

735
00:26:07,260 --> 00:26:08,240
told the inquiry

736
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:09,500
that before going off duty

737
00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:10,140
for the night,

738
00:26:10,540 --> 00:26:11,680
he would have been easily able

739
00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:12,460
to see an iceberg

740
00:26:12,460 --> 00:26:13,740
from a mile and a half,

741
00:26:13,980 --> 00:26:15,420
more probably two miles away.

742
00:26:17,280 --> 00:26:18,440
He also said

743
00:26:18,440 --> 00:26:19,100
that the iceberg

744
00:26:19,100 --> 00:26:20,340
would have been just as visible

745
00:26:20,340 --> 00:26:21,000
from the bridge

746
00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:22,200
as from the crow's nest.

747
00:26:22,620 --> 00:26:23,500
Plenty of time

748
00:26:23,500 --> 00:26:24,860
to turn and avoid it then.

749
00:26:25,860 --> 00:26:27,480
In an emergency such as this,

750
00:26:27,560 --> 00:26:28,800
it was never a good idea

751
00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:30,660
to turn your broadside to danger.

752
00:26:31,480 --> 00:26:32,300
Even if Titanic

753
00:26:32,300 --> 00:26:33,800
had ran the iceberg head-on,

754
00:26:33,860 --> 00:26:34,900
it would have stayed afloat.

755
00:26:39,340 --> 00:26:41,360
Although up to 250 crewmen

756
00:26:41,360 --> 00:26:42,080
would have been killed

757
00:26:42,080 --> 00:26:42,760
while they slept

758
00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:43,900
in their bunks in the bar.

759
00:26:45,560 --> 00:26:47,080
Apart from those on the bridge,

760
00:26:47,520 --> 00:26:48,280
and of course those

761
00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:49,400
in the forward boiler rooms,

762
00:26:49,400 --> 00:26:50,540
the glancing blow

763
00:26:50,540 --> 00:26:51,200
with the iceberg

764
00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:52,120
would have passed

765
00:26:52,120 --> 00:26:53,300
virtually unnoticed.

766
00:26:54,260 --> 00:26:55,300
The vibration felt

767
00:26:55,300 --> 00:26:56,260
by some of the passengers

768
00:26:56,260 --> 00:26:57,400
was almost certainly

769
00:26:57,400 --> 00:26:57,980
that caused

770
00:26:57,980 --> 00:26:58,760
by the reversing

771
00:26:58,760 --> 00:26:59,380
of the engines.

772
00:26:59,880 --> 00:27:00,500
And by the time

773
00:27:00,500 --> 00:27:01,100
anyone noticed

774
00:27:01,100 --> 00:27:01,760
what had happened,

775
00:27:02,220 --> 00:27:02,820
the iceberg

776
00:27:02,820 --> 00:27:03,960
had slipped away

777
00:27:03,960 --> 00:27:04,560
into the night.

778
00:27:05,760 --> 00:27:06,360
Captain Smith

779
00:27:06,360 --> 00:27:07,120
was on the bridge

780
00:27:07,120 --> 00:27:08,040
in a matter of seconds.

781
00:27:08,680 --> 00:27:09,700
But instead of a general

782
00:27:09,700 --> 00:27:10,740
call to stations,

783
00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:12,300
his officers acted

784
00:27:12,300 --> 00:27:12,840
as though there were

785
00:27:12,840 --> 00:27:14,040
no emergency at all.

786
00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:17,220
second officer Lightholler,

787
00:27:17,460 --> 00:27:18,420
awakened by the sound

788
00:27:18,420 --> 00:27:19,320
of steam letting off,

789
00:27:19,640 --> 00:27:20,760
claims to have stayed

790
00:27:20,760 --> 00:27:21,420
in his cabin

791
00:27:21,420 --> 00:27:22,440
until another officer

792
00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:23,300
came to get him.

793
00:27:25,540 --> 00:27:26,860
His evidence later,

794
00:27:27,180 --> 00:27:27,720
to the effect

795
00:27:27,720 --> 00:27:28,640
that he had stayed there

796
00:27:28,640 --> 00:27:29,880
because he was off duty

797
00:27:29,880 --> 00:27:31,220
and thought he should stay

798
00:27:31,220 --> 00:27:32,220
where he would expect

799
00:27:32,220 --> 00:27:32,880
to be found,

800
00:27:33,020 --> 00:27:34,380
simply does not ring true.

801
00:27:34,380 --> 00:27:38,500
The bridge was only

802
00:27:38,500 --> 00:27:39,460
a few seconds walk

803
00:27:39,460 --> 00:27:40,180
from his cabin

804
00:27:40,180 --> 00:27:41,220
in the officer's quarters

805
00:27:41,220 --> 00:27:42,380
and he should have

806
00:27:42,380 --> 00:27:43,240
gone straight there

807
00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:44,440
at the first hint of trouble.

808
00:27:45,420 --> 00:27:46,680
So why didn't he?

809
00:27:48,240 --> 00:27:49,240
A few passengers

810
00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:50,300
came out of their cabins

811
00:27:50,300 --> 00:27:51,260
to see why the engines

812
00:27:51,260 --> 00:27:51,860
had stopped.

813
00:27:52,220 --> 00:27:52,820
But for the first

814
00:27:52,820 --> 00:27:54,240
40 minutes after the collision,

815
00:27:54,380 --> 00:27:54,960
there was really

816
00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:56,420
no sense of danger at all.

817
00:27:57,440 --> 00:27:58,280
One can understand

818
00:27:58,280 --> 00:27:59,200
this frame of mind

819
00:27:59,200 --> 00:28:00,480
on the part of the passengers,

820
00:28:01,020 --> 00:28:01,840
even on the part

821
00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:02,360
of the crew.

822
00:28:04,380 --> 00:28:05,120
Except for those

823
00:28:05,120 --> 00:28:06,240
who were dousing the fires

824
00:28:06,240 --> 00:28:07,840
in boiler rooms 5 and 6.

825
00:28:08,420 --> 00:28:09,060
After all,

826
00:28:09,260 --> 00:28:09,960
they thought they were

827
00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:11,100
on an unsinkable ship.

828
00:28:11,640 --> 00:28:12,380
But for the captain

829
00:28:12,380 --> 00:28:13,620
and the officers,

830
00:28:14,040 --> 00:28:15,120
who were in full possession

831
00:28:15,120 --> 00:28:15,920
of the facts,

832
00:28:16,260 --> 00:28:17,860
there is really no excuse.

833
00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:19,380
They dithered

834
00:28:19,380 --> 00:28:20,700
because they expected

835
00:28:20,700 --> 00:28:21,480
to be rescued.

836
00:28:24,120 --> 00:28:25,880
It was 35 minutes

837
00:28:25,880 --> 00:28:26,640
before the first

838
00:28:26,640 --> 00:28:27,980
distress signal was sent.

839
00:28:29,900 --> 00:28:31,320
35 minutes before

840
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:32,740
the first radio emergency,

841
00:28:33,020 --> 00:28:34,200
CQD, was sent.

842
00:28:35,260 --> 00:28:37,020
45 minutes before

843
00:28:37,020 --> 00:28:37,980
starting the pumps.

844
00:28:39,080 --> 00:28:40,480
45 minutes before

845
00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:41,480
starting to prepare

846
00:28:41,480 --> 00:28:42,300
the lifeboats.

847
00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:44,360
And a full hour

848
00:28:44,360 --> 00:28:45,720
and 25 minutes

849
00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:46,700
before the first one

850
00:28:46,700 --> 00:28:47,300
was launched.

851
00:28:48,800 --> 00:28:50,420
Only six crew members

852
00:28:50,420 --> 00:28:51,100
were on watch

853
00:28:51,100 --> 00:28:52,060
at the time Titanic

854
00:28:52,060 --> 00:28:53,000
struck the iceberg.

855
00:28:54,100 --> 00:28:55,080
First officer Murdoch

856
00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:56,080
and sixth officer Moody

857
00:28:56,080 --> 00:28:57,000
were later drowned.

858
00:28:57,840 --> 00:28:59,280
Of the surviving crew members,

859
00:28:59,840 --> 00:29:00,980
quartermaster Alfred Oliver

860
00:29:00,980 --> 00:29:02,020
was aft of the bridge

861
00:29:02,020 --> 00:29:02,500
at the time

862
00:29:02,500 --> 00:29:03,220
and saw nothing.

863
00:29:04,100 --> 00:29:05,140
Helmsman Robert Hitchens

864
00:29:05,140 --> 00:29:06,360
was hastily transferred

865
00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:08,000
to a job as harbormaster

866
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:08,760
in Cape Town,

867
00:29:09,180 --> 00:29:10,220
which leaves lookouts

868
00:29:10,220 --> 00:29:11,260
Frederick Fleet

869
00:29:11,260 --> 00:29:12,420
and Reginald Lee.

870
00:29:13,280 --> 00:29:14,540
At the British inquiry,

871
00:29:14,760 --> 00:29:15,400
as a witness,

872
00:29:16,020 --> 00:29:16,680
Frederick Fleet

873
00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:18,380
was clearly defensive,

874
00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:18,960
edgy,

875
00:29:19,640 --> 00:29:20,600
obviously didn't trust

876
00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:21,340
his questioners

877
00:29:21,340 --> 00:29:22,080
and at times

878
00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:23,240
was downright surly.

879
00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:24,860
But then he was

880
00:29:24,860 --> 00:29:26,020
under the watchful gaze

881
00:29:26,020 --> 00:29:27,220
of J. Bruce Ismay,

882
00:29:27,360 --> 00:29:28,020
the chairman of the

883
00:29:28,020 --> 00:29:28,800
White Star Line

884
00:29:28,800 --> 00:29:30,180
and the lawyers.

885
00:29:30,400 --> 00:29:31,400
I'm no judge of distances

886
00:29:31,400 --> 00:29:32,140
or spaces.

887
00:29:32,400 --> 00:29:33,280
Was it a mile away

888
00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:34,860
or how far away was it?

889
00:29:35,060 --> 00:29:35,860
I cannot say.

890
00:29:36,140 --> 00:29:36,880
Can you not give

891
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:37,520
any estimate?

892
00:29:37,740 --> 00:29:38,380
No, sir.

893
00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:39,920
Was it half a mile?

894
00:29:39,920 --> 00:29:40,680
I cannot say.

895
00:29:40,740 --> 00:29:41,720
It was impossible to tell.

896
00:29:41,860 --> 00:29:42,800
Was it as far away

897
00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:43,800
as the boat's length?

898
00:29:44,260 --> 00:29:45,160
I could not say.

899
00:29:45,720 --> 00:29:46,600
Can you not say

900
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:47,920
anything about it?

901
00:29:48,340 --> 00:29:49,960
No, sir.

902
00:29:50,440 --> 00:29:52,180
You really do not understand.

903
00:29:53,060 --> 00:29:53,740
That gentleman

904
00:29:53,740 --> 00:29:54,680
is not trying to get

905
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:55,560
round you at all.

906
00:29:55,780 --> 00:29:56,800
Some of them are all.

907
00:29:57,400 --> 00:29:58,240
Is there any more

908
00:29:58,240 --> 00:29:59,300
I'd like to have a go at me?

909
00:30:01,740 --> 00:30:03,580
When Titanic came to arrest,

910
00:30:03,960 --> 00:30:04,880
Captain Smith asked

911
00:30:04,880 --> 00:30:05,640
the fourth officer,

912
00:30:05,780 --> 00:30:07,020
Joseph Groves Boxall,

913
00:30:07,120 --> 00:30:08,060
to work out a position.

914
00:30:08,900 --> 00:30:10,800
It is clear from the records

915
00:30:10,800 --> 00:30:12,500
that Titanic's navigator

916
00:30:12,500 --> 00:30:13,520
worked out a position

917
00:30:13,520 --> 00:30:15,920
that was 12 miles away

918
00:30:15,920 --> 00:30:17,320
from where they actually were.

919
00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:21,560
This was to prove

920
00:30:21,560 --> 00:30:23,260
a fatal mistake.

921
00:30:24,160 --> 00:30:26,080
We know he was 12 miles out

922
00:30:26,080 --> 00:30:26,980
in his calculations

923
00:30:26,980 --> 00:30:28,060
because of the actual

924
00:30:28,060 --> 00:30:29,320
location of the wreck.

925
00:30:30,900 --> 00:30:32,840
The position that Boxall gave

926
00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:34,220
would have put the Titanic

927
00:30:34,220 --> 00:30:35,880
within sight of the Californian.

928
00:30:37,100 --> 00:30:38,600
Was that where he thought

929
00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:39,400
he should have been?

930
00:30:41,700 --> 00:30:42,760
For some reason,

931
00:30:43,260 --> 00:30:44,680
Captain Smith ordered the Titanic

932
00:30:44,680 --> 00:30:46,280
to move half-speed ahead

933
00:30:46,280 --> 00:30:47,860
for another five minutes

934
00:30:47,860 --> 00:30:49,240
before stopping the engines

935
00:30:49,240 --> 00:30:50,600
again for the last time.

936
00:30:51,500 --> 00:30:52,580
Maybe he was heading

937
00:30:52,580 --> 00:30:53,420
towards the ship

938
00:30:53,420 --> 00:30:54,320
whose lights could just

939
00:30:54,320 --> 00:30:55,580
be made out on the horizon,

940
00:30:56,040 --> 00:30:57,180
expecting it to be

941
00:30:57,180 --> 00:30:58,060
the Californian.

942
00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:00,040
Several survivors

943
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:01,080
mentioned the sighting

944
00:31:01,080 --> 00:31:01,540
of a ship

945
00:31:01,540 --> 00:31:02,900
about five or six miles

946
00:31:02,900 --> 00:31:03,740
from the Titanic.

947
00:31:04,420 --> 00:31:05,540
The Titanic could easily

948
00:31:05,540 --> 00:31:06,380
have steamed there,

949
00:31:06,760 --> 00:31:07,920
yet Smith was content

950
00:31:07,920 --> 00:31:09,100
to assume the ship

951
00:31:09,100 --> 00:31:10,240
would sail over to him

952
00:31:10,240 --> 00:31:11,880
because he believed

953
00:31:11,880 --> 00:31:13,240
it was the Californian.

954
00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:15,160
At this point,

955
00:31:15,380 --> 00:31:16,080
let's examine

956
00:31:16,080 --> 00:31:17,220
what's happened so far.

957
00:31:17,220 --> 00:31:19,680
A stricken ocean liner

958
00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:20,680
is dead in the water.

959
00:31:21,540 --> 00:31:22,440
A rescue ship,

960
00:31:22,540 --> 00:31:23,180
the Californian,

961
00:31:23,220 --> 00:31:24,120
is standing by.

962
00:31:25,280 --> 00:31:26,260
Messages have been sent

963
00:31:26,260 --> 00:31:27,000
to Captain Smith

964
00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:28,140
from the Californian

965
00:31:28,140 --> 00:31:29,400
stating exactly

966
00:31:29,400 --> 00:31:30,280
where she is waiting.

967
00:31:31,480 --> 00:31:32,640
Captain Smith can see

968
00:31:32,640 --> 00:31:33,560
a stationary ship

969
00:31:33,560 --> 00:31:34,260
on the horizon,

970
00:31:34,780 --> 00:31:35,460
and having received

971
00:31:35,460 --> 00:31:36,480
inaccurate information

972
00:31:36,480 --> 00:31:37,800
from 4th Officer Boxall

973
00:31:37,800 --> 00:31:38,900
as to his position,

974
00:31:39,280 --> 00:31:40,680
he assumes it's the Californian

975
00:31:40,680 --> 00:31:41,700
and everything's going

976
00:31:41,700 --> 00:31:42,640
according to plan.

977
00:31:44,020 --> 00:31:45,340
At about midnight,

978
00:31:45,340 --> 00:31:46,960
the Titanic started sending

979
00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:48,140
up her distress rockets,

980
00:31:48,560 --> 00:31:49,820
red, white, and blue.

981
00:31:50,560 --> 00:31:51,840
Rockets could also be seen

982
00:31:51,840 --> 00:31:52,300
from the bridge

983
00:31:52,300 --> 00:31:53,100
of the Californian,

984
00:31:53,280 --> 00:31:54,560
and this was duly reported

985
00:31:54,560 --> 00:31:55,520
to Captain Lord.

986
00:31:56,260 --> 00:31:57,440
Captain Lord asked

987
00:31:57,440 --> 00:31:59,120
what colour the rockets were.

988
00:31:59,760 --> 00:32:00,180
In fact,

989
00:32:00,300 --> 00:32:01,360
over the next two hours,

990
00:32:01,720 --> 00:32:02,780
Lord repeatedly asked

991
00:32:02,780 --> 00:32:03,360
his officers

992
00:32:03,360 --> 00:32:04,380
about the colour

993
00:32:04,380 --> 00:32:05,160
of the rockets.

994
00:32:05,920 --> 00:32:06,720
Was he expecting

995
00:32:06,720 --> 00:32:08,260
to see red or blue signals?

996
00:32:09,080 --> 00:32:09,760
Very likely.

997
00:32:10,260 --> 00:32:11,480
But whether he was or not,

998
00:32:11,700 --> 00:32:12,720
the answer from the bridge

999
00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:13,920
was always the same,

1000
00:32:13,920 --> 00:32:15,740
only white rockets

1001
00:32:15,740 --> 00:32:16,540
could be seen.

1002
00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:18,420
He therefore, rightly,

1003
00:32:18,840 --> 00:32:19,920
assumed that the rockets

1004
00:32:19,920 --> 00:32:20,760
were not coming

1005
00:32:20,760 --> 00:32:21,580
from the Titanic.

1006
00:32:22,640 --> 00:32:23,600
Survivors reported

1007
00:32:23,600 --> 00:32:24,940
that the rockets launched

1008
00:32:24,940 --> 00:32:25,540
from the bridge

1009
00:32:25,540 --> 00:32:26,240
of the Titanic

1010
00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:27,200
soared up

1011
00:32:27,200 --> 00:32:28,400
several hundred feet

1012
00:32:28,400 --> 00:32:29,340
into the night sky,

1013
00:32:29,780 --> 00:32:31,340
bursting with an

1014
00:32:31,340 --> 00:32:32,400
ear-splitting report.

1015
00:32:33,140 --> 00:32:34,420
The rockets from the ship

1016
00:32:34,420 --> 00:32:35,020
that was visible

1017
00:32:35,020 --> 00:32:36,100
from the Californian

1018
00:32:36,100 --> 00:32:37,100
only went as high

1019
00:32:37,100 --> 00:32:38,280
as the top of her mast,

1020
00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:40,000
and even at 4 to 5 miles

1021
00:32:40,000 --> 00:32:40,460
distant,

1022
00:32:40,840 --> 00:32:41,520
the officers would have

1023
00:32:41,520 --> 00:32:42,700
quite reasonably expected

1024
00:32:42,700 --> 00:32:43,720
to hear a report,

1025
00:32:44,180 --> 00:32:45,080
but they heard nothing.

1026
00:32:45,780 --> 00:32:46,860
It seems most likely

1027
00:32:46,860 --> 00:32:47,700
that the ship seen

1028
00:32:47,700 --> 00:32:48,720
from the Californian

1029
00:32:48,720 --> 00:32:50,420
was a wooden sailing bark

1030
00:32:50,420 --> 00:32:51,320
called the Samson,

1031
00:32:51,840 --> 00:32:52,720
conducting illegal

1032
00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:53,960
seal-fishing activities

1033
00:32:53,960 --> 00:32:55,140
on the ice floes

1034
00:32:55,140 --> 00:32:55,720
at the time.

1035
00:32:56,440 --> 00:32:57,240
The white rockets

1036
00:32:57,240 --> 00:32:58,100
she was firing,

1037
00:32:58,520 --> 00:32:59,600
to mast height only,

1038
00:32:59,980 --> 00:33:01,100
were intended to recall

1039
00:33:01,100 --> 00:33:02,340
her small rowing boats.

1040
00:33:03,120 --> 00:33:03,720
A few months

1041
00:33:03,720 --> 00:33:04,720
after the disaster,

1042
00:33:05,220 --> 00:33:06,380
the captain of the Samson

1043
00:33:06,380 --> 00:33:07,580
said that he had also

1044
00:33:07,580 --> 00:33:08,720
seen a large liner

1045
00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:09,620
firing rockets,

1046
00:33:09,620 --> 00:33:10,620
and that he had not

1047
00:33:10,620 --> 00:33:11,420
gone to investigate

1048
00:33:11,420 --> 00:33:12,660
because of his own

1049
00:33:12,660 --> 00:33:13,580
illegal activities.

1050
00:33:14,580 --> 00:33:15,400
The Californian's

1051
00:33:15,400 --> 00:33:16,340
apprentice, Gibson,

1052
00:33:16,860 --> 00:33:17,720
later testified

1053
00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:18,960
that he saw only

1054
00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:19,980
eight rockets fired

1055
00:33:19,980 --> 00:33:20,620
from the ship

1056
00:33:20,620 --> 00:33:21,400
and all white.

1057
00:33:23,320 --> 00:33:24,680
The Titanic had fired

1058
00:33:24,680 --> 00:33:25,640
at least 18,

1059
00:33:25,900 --> 00:33:27,140
possibly as many as 22,

1060
00:33:27,640 --> 00:33:28,340
and had included

1061
00:33:28,340 --> 00:33:29,140
red and blue.

1062
00:33:30,900 --> 00:33:32,060
Titanic survivor

1063
00:33:32,060 --> 00:33:33,080
Miss Edith Russell

1064
00:33:33,080 --> 00:33:34,680
said the officers

1065
00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:35,560
told them all,

1066
00:33:35,900 --> 00:33:36,380
don't worry,

1067
00:33:36,500 --> 00:33:37,140
the Californian

1068
00:33:37,140 --> 00:33:38,220
will pick everybody up

1069
00:33:38,220 --> 00:33:39,120
if you don't come back

1070
00:33:39,120 --> 00:33:39,700
for breakfast.

1071
00:33:40,620 --> 00:33:41,900
How could they possibly

1072
00:33:41,900 --> 00:33:42,420
have known

1073
00:33:42,420 --> 00:33:43,680
it was the Californian?

1074
00:33:45,400 --> 00:33:46,540
It's hard to believe

1075
00:33:46,540 --> 00:33:47,540
in such an emergency,

1076
00:33:48,020 --> 00:33:48,780
but they were letting

1077
00:33:48,780 --> 00:33:50,560
lifeboats go half full.

1078
00:33:51,080 --> 00:33:51,780
They knew the ship

1079
00:33:51,780 --> 00:33:52,260
was sinking,

1080
00:33:52,380 --> 00:33:52,920
nobody could be

1081
00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:53,520
that stupid,

1082
00:33:54,080 --> 00:33:55,220
but they expected

1083
00:33:55,220 --> 00:33:56,740
the ship on the horizon

1084
00:33:56,740 --> 00:33:58,540
to come steaming over.

1085
00:33:59,200 --> 00:34:01,160
But it was the wrong ship.

1086
00:34:01,960 --> 00:34:03,060
The Californian

1087
00:34:03,060 --> 00:34:05,120
was 19 miles away,

1088
00:34:05,120 --> 00:34:08,280
where Captain Stanley Lord

1089
00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:10,420
waited for colored rockets.

1090
00:34:14,420 --> 00:34:15,820
At around 1 a.m.,

1091
00:34:15,820 --> 00:34:17,040
it must finally have dawned

1092
00:34:17,040 --> 00:34:17,900
on Captain Smith

1093
00:34:17,900 --> 00:34:19,360
that the rescue

1094
00:34:19,360 --> 00:34:20,380
upon which the survival

1095
00:34:20,380 --> 00:34:21,360
of so many depended

1096
00:34:21,360 --> 00:34:22,980
was not going to materialize.

1097
00:34:23,580 --> 00:34:24,320
Now boats are being

1098
00:34:24,320 --> 00:34:25,100
let go full,

1099
00:34:25,540 --> 00:34:26,000
and passengers

1100
00:34:26,000 --> 00:34:26,920
are beginning to panic.

1101
00:34:28,360 --> 00:34:29,300
As the senior

1102
00:34:29,300 --> 00:34:30,200
surviving officer,

1103
00:34:30,800 --> 00:34:31,500
much credence

1104
00:34:31,500 --> 00:34:32,040
and publicity

1105
00:34:32,040 --> 00:34:33,640
was given to the evidence

1106
00:34:33,640 --> 00:34:35,060
of 2nd Officer Lightholler.

1107
00:34:35,460 --> 00:34:36,160
I did not leave

1108
00:34:36,160 --> 00:34:36,900
the Titanic, sir.

1109
00:34:37,680 --> 00:34:39,100
The Titanic left me.

1110
00:34:41,100 --> 00:34:42,280
He was evasive

1111
00:34:42,280 --> 00:34:42,800
in response

1112
00:34:42,800 --> 00:34:43,900
to pertinent question

1113
00:34:43,900 --> 00:34:45,020
at the American

1114
00:34:45,020 --> 00:34:46,340
and British inquiries.

1115
00:34:47,140 --> 00:34:47,920
Out to protect

1116
00:34:47,920 --> 00:34:48,700
first and foremost

1117
00:34:48,700 --> 00:34:49,580
his own reputation,

1118
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:50,500
and then that

1119
00:34:50,500 --> 00:34:51,580
of the White Star Line.

1120
00:34:52,280 --> 00:34:53,340
At the British inquiry,

1121
00:34:53,500 --> 00:34:54,080
he claimed,

1122
00:34:54,240 --> 00:34:55,280
The Titanic began

1123
00:34:55,280 --> 00:34:56,600
her turn to port

1124
00:34:56,600 --> 00:34:57,600
before the look-out

1125
00:34:57,600 --> 00:34:58,140
drank down

1126
00:34:58,140 --> 00:34:58,980
from the crow's nest.

1127
00:35:00,340 --> 00:35:01,620
How would he have known this?

1128
00:35:01,620 --> 00:35:02,240
He said he was

1129
00:35:02,240 --> 00:35:03,540
in his cabin at the time.

1130
00:35:05,140 --> 00:35:06,180
Lightholler also said

1131
00:35:06,180 --> 00:35:07,280
at the American inquiry,

1132
00:35:07,460 --> 00:35:08,220
There was no mist

1133
00:35:08,220 --> 00:35:09,040
ten minutes

1134
00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:09,680
before the ship

1135
00:35:09,680 --> 00:35:10,440
struck Verge.

1136
00:35:10,960 --> 00:35:12,020
Flatly contradicting

1137
00:35:12,020 --> 00:35:12,640
the evidence

1138
00:35:12,640 --> 00:35:13,660
of the two look-outs.

1139
00:35:14,400 --> 00:35:15,140
And how would he have

1140
00:35:15,140 --> 00:35:15,600
known this

1141
00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:16,560
if he was in his cabin?

1142
00:35:17,620 --> 00:35:18,840
He also lied

1143
00:35:18,840 --> 00:35:19,720
about the number

1144
00:35:19,720 --> 00:35:20,480
of ice warnings

1145
00:35:20,480 --> 00:35:21,660
received on the bridge,

1146
00:35:21,920 --> 00:35:22,980
as if to suggest

1147
00:35:22,980 --> 00:35:23,980
that the iceberg

1148
00:35:23,980 --> 00:35:25,400
came as a surprise.

1149
00:35:26,080 --> 00:35:27,080
I do not remember

1150
00:35:27,080 --> 00:35:27,900
any ice warnings

1151
00:35:27,900 --> 00:35:28,420
being posted

1152
00:35:28,420 --> 00:35:28,900
on the bridge.

1153
00:35:28,900 --> 00:35:32,000
Lightholler,

1154
00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:33,020
along with

1155
00:35:33,020 --> 00:35:34,160
second radio operator

1156
00:35:34,160 --> 00:35:34,920
Harold Bride

1157
00:35:34,920 --> 00:35:35,760
and ship's baker

1158
00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:36,640
Charles Joffin,

1159
00:35:37,020 --> 00:35:37,700
all claimed

1160
00:35:37,700 --> 00:35:38,360
that after getting

1161
00:35:38,360 --> 00:35:39,220
off the Titanic,

1162
00:35:39,700 --> 00:35:40,720
they stayed in the water

1163
00:35:40,720 --> 00:35:41,840
for up to an hour.

1164
00:35:42,400 --> 00:35:43,500
I was in the water

1165
00:35:43,500 --> 00:35:44,180
for between

1166
00:35:44,180 --> 00:35:45,100
half an hour

1167
00:35:45,100 --> 00:35:45,680
and an hour

1168
00:35:45,680 --> 00:35:47,060
before I climbed

1169
00:35:47,060 --> 00:35:48,300
aboard the upturned

1170
00:35:48,300 --> 00:35:48,880
collapsible.

1171
00:35:50,180 --> 00:35:50,940
Twenty of us

1172
00:35:50,940 --> 00:35:52,140
spent most of the rest

1173
00:35:52,140 --> 00:35:52,700
of that night

1174
00:35:52,700 --> 00:35:54,060
balancing on the upturned boat

1175
00:35:54,060 --> 00:35:56,160
while I gave the orders

1176
00:35:56,160 --> 00:35:57,680
to lean left

1177
00:35:57,680 --> 00:35:58,640
and lean right.

1178
00:35:59,180 --> 00:36:00,180
This is quite clearly

1179
00:36:00,180 --> 00:36:01,020
not possible.

1180
00:36:01,820 --> 00:36:02,440
We know that

1181
00:36:02,440 --> 00:36:03,120
the sea temperature

1182
00:36:03,120 --> 00:36:03,600
that night

1183
00:36:03,600 --> 00:36:04,200
was between

1184
00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:05,340
two and three degrees

1185
00:36:05,340 --> 00:36:06,320
below freezing.

1186
00:36:07,180 --> 00:36:08,420
Average life expectancy

1187
00:36:08,420 --> 00:36:09,360
at that temperature

1188
00:36:09,360 --> 00:36:10,580
between three

1189
00:36:10,580 --> 00:36:11,400
and four minutes.

1190
00:36:12,060 --> 00:36:12,880
This testimony

1191
00:36:12,880 --> 00:36:13,740
would simply

1192
00:36:13,740 --> 00:36:14,940
not stand up today.

1193
00:36:15,480 --> 00:36:16,540
It is quite clearly

1194
00:36:16,540 --> 00:36:17,300
fabrication.

1195
00:36:19,060 --> 00:36:20,640
Just before 5.30

1196
00:36:20,640 --> 00:36:21,900
on that fateful morning,

1197
00:36:22,360 --> 00:36:23,380
Captain Stanley Lord

1198
00:36:23,380 --> 00:36:24,780
woke his radio operator

1199
00:36:24,780 --> 00:36:26,280
only to discover

1200
00:36:26,280 --> 00:36:27,260
that the Titanic

1201
00:36:27,260 --> 00:36:28,120
had already sunk.

1202
00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:29,580
He set off

1203
00:36:29,580 --> 00:36:30,260
at full steam

1204
00:36:30,260 --> 00:36:31,040
for the wreck site

1205
00:36:31,040 --> 00:36:32,300
but of course

1206
00:36:32,300 --> 00:36:33,100
he was too late.

1207
00:36:33,560 --> 00:36:34,240
The Carpathia

1208
00:36:34,240 --> 00:36:35,120
had already arrived

1209
00:36:35,120 --> 00:36:36,440
and was picking up survivors.

1210
00:36:37,440 --> 00:36:38,400
Notable amongst these

1211
00:36:38,400 --> 00:36:39,660
was J. Bruce Ismay

1212
00:36:39,660 --> 00:36:40,920
who had slipped

1213
00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:41,740
into a lifeboat

1214
00:36:41,740 --> 00:36:42,700
at the last minute.

1215
00:36:43,340 --> 00:36:44,020
For this he was

1216
00:36:44,020 --> 00:36:44,860
to pay the price

1217
00:36:44,860 --> 00:36:45,740
in public shame

1218
00:36:45,740 --> 00:36:46,880
for the rest of his life.

1219
00:36:48,060 --> 00:36:49,340
As the Carpathia

1220
00:36:49,340 --> 00:36:50,740
steamed towards New York,

1221
00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:52,640
Ismay was supposedly

1222
00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:54,100
taken to the doctor's cabin

1223
00:36:54,100 --> 00:36:55,800
and put under sedation.

1224
00:36:57,240 --> 00:36:57,860
Even so,

1225
00:36:57,960 --> 00:36:59,040
he managed to find time

1226
00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:01,100
to send three separate telegrams

1227
00:37:01,100 --> 00:37:02,160
to the White Star's

1228
00:37:02,160 --> 00:37:03,000
New York office

1229
00:37:03,000 --> 00:37:04,280
urging them to hold

1230
00:37:04,280 --> 00:37:04,920
the Cedric

1231
00:37:04,920 --> 00:37:05,940
in New York harbor

1232
00:37:05,940 --> 00:37:07,220
so that the Titanic

1233
00:37:07,220 --> 00:37:08,460
surviving crew members

1234
00:37:08,460 --> 00:37:09,180
could be taken

1235
00:37:09,180 --> 00:37:09,820
straight back

1236
00:37:09,820 --> 00:37:10,600
to Southampton.

1237
00:37:11,780 --> 00:37:12,660
Hastily organized,

1238
00:37:12,920 --> 00:37:13,860
the American inquiry

1239
00:37:13,860 --> 00:37:14,660
failed to ask

1240
00:37:14,660 --> 00:37:15,580
the right questions.

1241
00:37:16,120 --> 00:37:17,380
Titanic surviving officers

1242
00:37:17,380 --> 00:37:18,060
stonewalled,

1243
00:37:18,360 --> 00:37:19,660
as did Ismay himself.

1244
00:37:20,620 --> 00:37:21,740
Several experienced

1245
00:37:21,740 --> 00:37:22,380
sea captains

1246
00:37:22,380 --> 00:37:22,840
were called

1247
00:37:22,840 --> 00:37:23,700
to give evidence

1248
00:37:23,700 --> 00:37:24,580
regarding the wisdom

1249
00:37:24,580 --> 00:37:26,080
of steaming at full speed

1250
00:37:26,080 --> 00:37:27,060
through an ice field.

1251
00:37:27,520 --> 00:37:27,960
But they all

1252
00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:28,840
said the same thing.

1253
00:37:29,460 --> 00:37:30,480
Maintaining full speed

1254
00:37:30,480 --> 00:37:31,560
in the vicinity of ice

1255
00:37:31,560 --> 00:37:32,500
was perfectly normal

1256
00:37:32,500 --> 00:37:33,460
and on the night

1257
00:37:33,460 --> 00:37:34,040
in question,

1258
00:37:34,460 --> 00:37:35,320
the icebergs

1259
00:37:35,320 --> 00:37:36,040
could be seen

1260
00:37:36,040 --> 00:37:36,820
at between five

1261
00:37:36,820 --> 00:37:37,980
and six miles distant.

1262
00:37:38,980 --> 00:37:40,120
It never occurred

1263
00:37:40,120 --> 00:37:40,660
to anyone

1264
00:37:40,660 --> 00:37:42,220
to ask the simple question,

1265
00:37:42,780 --> 00:37:43,700
in that case,

1266
00:37:44,160 --> 00:37:45,340
why did the Titanic

1267
00:37:45,340 --> 00:37:46,160
hit an iceberg?

1268
00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:50,020
when the surviving

1269
00:37:50,020 --> 00:37:50,820
crew got back

1270
00:37:50,820 --> 00:37:51,300
to England,

1271
00:37:51,640 --> 00:37:52,220
they naturally

1272
00:37:52,220 --> 00:37:53,180
expected to go

1273
00:37:53,180 --> 00:37:53,660
straight home

1274
00:37:53,660 --> 00:37:54,540
to their loved ones.

1275
00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:56,020
Instead,

1276
00:37:56,380 --> 00:37:57,220
they were all herded

1277
00:37:57,220 --> 00:37:58,300
into a railway shed

1278
00:37:58,300 --> 00:37:59,000
and held

1279
00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:00,400
for nearly 24 hours

1280
00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:01,460
before being made

1281
00:38:01,460 --> 00:38:02,780
to sign pieces of paper.

1282
00:38:03,660 --> 00:38:04,260
A lot of them

1283
00:38:04,260 --> 00:38:05,140
were under the impression

1284
00:38:05,140 --> 00:38:05,980
that they were signing

1285
00:38:05,980 --> 00:38:07,480
the Official Secrets Act.

1286
00:38:08,120 --> 00:38:08,920
Was someone trying

1287
00:38:08,920 --> 00:38:10,100
to suppress something here,

1288
00:38:10,220 --> 00:38:11,280
some vital piece

1289
00:38:11,280 --> 00:38:11,940
of information?

1290
00:38:12,120 --> 00:38:13,260
Remember what it is

1291
00:38:13,260 --> 00:38:14,400
you've put your names to.

1292
00:38:14,400 --> 00:38:16,560
If there's any talk

1293
00:38:16,560 --> 00:38:17,220
of the ship

1294
00:38:17,220 --> 00:38:17,860
being swapped

1295
00:38:17,860 --> 00:38:18,700
in Belfast

1296
00:38:18,700 --> 00:38:20,600
or any stories

1297
00:38:20,600 --> 00:38:21,800
of insurance fraud

1298
00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:22,480
going on,

1299
00:38:23,160 --> 00:38:24,120
then there will be

1300
00:38:24,120 --> 00:38:24,980
20 years

1301
00:38:24,980 --> 00:38:26,180
of His Majesty's pleasure

1302
00:38:26,180 --> 00:38:27,280
awaiting you

1303
00:38:27,280 --> 00:38:28,240
and no job

1304
00:38:28,240 --> 00:38:28,900
to come out to

1305
00:38:28,900 --> 00:38:29,660
when it's over.

1306
00:38:30,100 --> 00:38:30,280
So,

1307
00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:31,500
think on this when

1308
00:38:31,500 --> 00:38:32,460
you see your wives

1309
00:38:32,460 --> 00:38:33,780
and sweethearts.

1310
00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:39,520
Ismay,

1311
00:38:39,800 --> 00:38:40,240
Lightholler

1312
00:38:40,240 --> 00:38:40,840
and the other

1313
00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:41,680
surviving officers

1314
00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:42,500
all came back

1315
00:38:42,500 --> 00:38:42,920
to England

1316
00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:44,360
on the steamship Adriatic.

1317
00:38:45,300 --> 00:38:46,220
There can be little doubt

1318
00:38:46,220 --> 00:38:47,140
as to the main subject

1319
00:38:47,140 --> 00:38:47,860
of conversation

1320
00:38:47,860 --> 00:38:48,640
on their voyage.

1321
00:38:49,100 --> 00:38:49,580
They were all

1322
00:38:49,580 --> 00:38:50,540
to be star witnesses

1323
00:38:50,540 --> 00:38:51,480
in the forthcoming

1324
00:38:51,480 --> 00:38:52,420
British inquiry.

1325
00:38:57,200 --> 00:38:57,720
Now,

1326
00:38:57,800 --> 00:38:58,440
it is unlikely

1327
00:38:58,440 --> 00:38:59,300
that a fraud

1328
00:38:59,300 --> 00:39:00,620
of such immense proportions

1329
00:39:00,620 --> 00:39:02,080
could have been undertaken

1330
00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:03,100
without the collusion

1331
00:39:03,100 --> 00:39:03,840
of the authorities,

1332
00:39:04,060 --> 00:39:05,180
notably the British government,

1333
00:39:05,660 --> 00:39:06,640
as we shall see later

1334
00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:07,780
when we look at the inquiry.

1335
00:39:07,780 --> 00:39:09,540
In fact,

1336
00:39:09,780 --> 00:39:11,180
it makes perfect sense

1337
00:39:11,180 --> 00:39:11,820
for the government

1338
00:39:11,820 --> 00:39:12,440
of the day

1339
00:39:12,440 --> 00:39:13,780
under Prime Minister

1340
00:39:13,780 --> 00:39:14,540
Lord Asquith

1341
00:39:14,540 --> 00:39:15,920
to have colluded

1342
00:39:15,920 --> 00:39:17,020
in a cover-up.

1343
00:39:23,160 --> 00:39:24,220
You'll never believe

1344
00:39:24,220 --> 00:39:25,080
what they've just done.

1345
00:39:25,080 --> 00:39:35,460
How many?

1346
00:39:36,460 --> 00:39:37,560
I'm told 1,500.

1347
00:39:39,340 --> 00:39:40,620
The position is simply

1348
00:39:40,620 --> 00:39:41,320
this, Prime Minister.

1349
00:39:42,700 --> 00:39:43,980
The White Star line

1350
00:39:43,980 --> 00:39:44,940
is on the verge

1351
00:39:44,940 --> 00:39:45,620
of bankruptcy.

1352
00:39:46,100 --> 00:39:46,260
Now,

1353
00:39:46,420 --> 00:39:47,200
if White Star

1354
00:39:47,200 --> 00:39:48,060
were forced to go

1355
00:39:48,060 --> 00:39:48,780
into liquidation,

1356
00:39:49,140 --> 00:39:49,560
the Haaland

1357
00:39:49,560 --> 00:39:50,220
and Pulfiard

1358
00:39:50,220 --> 00:39:50,820
in Belfast

1359
00:39:50,820 --> 00:39:51,700
would also be placed

1360
00:39:51,700 --> 00:39:53,520
in a very precarious position,

1361
00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:54,840
perhaps even forced

1362
00:39:54,840 --> 00:39:55,660
to close down.

1363
00:39:56,420 --> 00:39:56,560
Now,

1364
00:39:56,640 --> 00:39:57,280
that means

1365
00:39:57,280 --> 00:39:59,160
that 20,000 men

1366
00:39:59,160 --> 00:40:00,140
will be laid off,

1367
00:40:00,500 --> 00:40:01,320
not to mention

1368
00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:02,020
the effect

1369
00:40:02,020 --> 00:40:03,580
on all the subsidiary

1370
00:40:03,580 --> 00:40:04,960
and dependent industries.

1371
00:40:05,520 --> 00:40:06,200
Quite frankly,

1372
00:40:06,560 --> 00:40:08,280
it is a political situation

1373
00:40:08,280 --> 00:40:09,880
we cannot afford,

1374
00:40:10,020 --> 00:40:10,520
Prime Minister.

1375
00:40:11,500 --> 00:40:12,500
Alienate the Irish

1376
00:40:12,500 --> 00:40:14,420
and we will most certainly

1377
00:40:14,420 --> 00:40:15,980
lose seats in Belfast.

1378
00:40:16,900 --> 00:40:17,540
The Fenians,

1379
00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:18,460
the Republicans

1380
00:40:18,460 --> 00:40:19,820
will seize the opportunity.

1381
00:40:20,960 --> 00:40:22,520
And with our majority gone,

1382
00:40:22,520 --> 00:40:25,020
we will undoubtedly

1383
00:40:25,020 --> 00:40:26,740
lose the next election,

1384
00:40:26,900 --> 00:40:27,280
Prime Minister.

1385
00:40:27,620 --> 00:40:28,440
There is the chance

1386
00:40:28,440 --> 00:40:29,380
of a blundy hair

1387
00:40:29,380 --> 00:40:31,660
of unprecedented proportions.

1388
00:40:32,320 --> 00:40:33,460
We are going to have

1389
00:40:33,460 --> 00:40:34,100
to go along

1390
00:40:34,100 --> 00:40:35,040
with this, Prime Minister.

1391
00:40:37,380 --> 00:40:38,940
I will not see a stain

1392
00:40:38,940 --> 00:40:40,340
put upon the British government.

1393
00:40:41,040 --> 00:40:42,240
Not for the White Star line,

1394
00:40:42,580 --> 00:40:43,720
not for Haaland and Wolfe,

1395
00:40:44,040 --> 00:40:45,020
not for the Irish,

1396
00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:46,620
and certainly not

1397
00:40:46,620 --> 00:40:47,220
for the interests

1398
00:40:47,220 --> 00:40:48,020
of J.P. Morgan.

1399
00:40:48,020 --> 00:40:50,180
I would also remind you,

1400
00:40:50,280 --> 00:40:50,920
Prime Minister,

1401
00:40:51,240 --> 00:40:52,460
that as part of the arrangement

1402
00:40:52,460 --> 00:40:53,660
for an American company

1403
00:40:53,660 --> 00:40:55,380
to acquire the White Star line,

1404
00:40:55,500 --> 00:40:56,840
J.P. Morgan agreed

1405
00:40:56,840 --> 00:40:57,720
that this government

1406
00:40:57,720 --> 00:40:59,400
could requisition his ships

1407
00:40:59,400 --> 00:41:01,080
as Royal Naval Reserves

1408
00:41:01,080 --> 00:41:02,760
should the need arise.

1409
00:41:02,760 --> 00:41:04,640
I would also remind you,

1410
00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:05,360
Prime Minister,

1411
00:41:05,560 --> 00:41:06,520
that the situation

1412
00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:07,140
in Europe

1413
00:41:07,140 --> 00:41:07,940
is becoming

1414
00:41:07,940 --> 00:41:09,380
ever more doubtful.

1415
00:41:10,680 --> 00:41:11,320
If

1416
00:41:11,320 --> 00:41:13,400
the White Star line

1417
00:41:13,400 --> 00:41:15,080
were to go into liquidation,

1418
00:41:15,600 --> 00:41:16,700
the major creditor

1419
00:41:16,700 --> 00:41:17,400
would be

1420
00:41:17,400 --> 00:41:20,760
J.P. Morgan himself.

1421
00:41:21,460 --> 00:41:21,780
Now,

1422
00:41:21,860 --> 00:41:22,600
as both owner

1423
00:41:22,600 --> 00:41:23,360
and banker,

1424
00:41:23,560 --> 00:41:24,340
he would certainly

1425
00:41:24,340 --> 00:41:25,600
exercise his rights

1426
00:41:25,600 --> 00:41:27,160
to seize his assets.

1427
00:41:27,600 --> 00:41:28,360
And we

1428
00:41:28,360 --> 00:41:29,800
would lose

1429
00:41:29,800 --> 00:41:31,280
all those ships,

1430
00:41:31,800 --> 00:41:32,420
Prime Minister.

1431
00:41:33,020 --> 00:41:34,220
It's a sad day

1432
00:41:34,220 --> 00:41:34,740
for England

1433
00:41:34,740 --> 00:41:36,180
when the policies

1434
00:41:36,180 --> 00:41:37,380
of a British government

1435
00:41:37,380 --> 00:41:38,060
are dictated

1436
00:41:38,060 --> 00:41:38,800
by greedy

1437
00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:39,640
and ruthless

1438
00:41:39,640 --> 00:41:40,380
businessmen.

1439
00:41:41,760 --> 00:41:42,960
And if it ever

1440
00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:44,000
became public,

1441
00:41:45,780 --> 00:41:47,800
doubtless

1442
00:41:47,800 --> 00:41:48,660
you have someone

1443
00:41:48,660 --> 00:41:49,100
in mind

1444
00:41:49,100 --> 00:41:50,400
to run the show.

1445
00:41:50,780 --> 00:41:51,160
Yes.

1446
00:41:51,740 --> 00:41:52,700
I thought we could

1447
00:41:52,700 --> 00:41:53,720
bring Mersey

1448
00:41:53,720 --> 00:41:54,520
out of retirement.

1449
00:41:55,080 --> 00:41:55,920
He's reliable,

1450
00:41:56,320 --> 00:41:56,960
he knows how

1451
00:41:56,960 --> 00:41:57,880
the system works,

1452
00:41:58,520 --> 00:41:59,420
he's discreet,

1453
00:41:59,420 --> 00:42:01,300
and he will do

1454
00:42:01,300 --> 00:42:01,980
what needs

1455
00:42:01,980 --> 00:42:02,620
to be done.

1456
00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:04,300
My son

1457
00:42:04,300 --> 00:42:05,300
is called to the bar.

1458
00:42:05,400 --> 00:42:06,280
I would be more comfortable

1459
00:42:06,280 --> 00:42:07,180
if he were there

1460
00:42:07,180 --> 00:42:08,720
to keep an eye on things.

1461
00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:09,240
Of course,

1462
00:42:09,340 --> 00:42:09,640
Prime Minister,

1463
00:42:09,780 --> 00:42:10,460
we'll find employment

1464
00:42:10,460 --> 00:42:10,960
for him in the

1465
00:42:10,960 --> 00:42:11,780
Attorney General's office.

1466
00:42:12,060 --> 00:42:12,680
Very well then.

1467
00:42:13,980 --> 00:42:14,420
But

1468
00:42:14,420 --> 00:42:15,640
neither I

1469
00:42:15,640 --> 00:42:16,860
nor the Administration

1470
00:42:16,860 --> 00:42:18,500
know anything

1471
00:42:18,500 --> 00:42:19,360
about it.

1472
00:42:22,700 --> 00:42:23,480
Thank you, sir.

1473
00:42:25,160 --> 00:42:25,640
So,

1474
00:42:26,060 --> 00:42:26,800
the Board of Trade

1475
00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:27,260
Inquiry

1476
00:42:27,260 --> 00:42:28,120
was to be conducted

1477
00:42:28,120 --> 00:42:29,080
by Lord Mersey.

1478
00:42:29,420 --> 00:42:30,340
President of the

1479
00:42:30,340 --> 00:42:30,940
Board of Trade

1480
00:42:30,940 --> 00:42:32,100
and no stranger

1481
00:42:32,100 --> 00:42:33,380
to the art of cover-up.

1482
00:42:35,060 --> 00:42:36,100
Since the enormous

1483
00:42:36,100 --> 00:42:36,860
loss of life

1484
00:42:36,860 --> 00:42:37,540
was in part

1485
00:42:37,540 --> 00:42:38,280
due to outdated

1486
00:42:38,280 --> 00:42:38,960
Board of Trade

1487
00:42:38,960 --> 00:42:39,540
regulations

1488
00:42:39,540 --> 00:42:40,460
regarding the number

1489
00:42:40,460 --> 00:42:41,180
of lifeboats

1490
00:42:41,180 --> 00:42:41,800
to be carried

1491
00:42:41,800 --> 00:42:42,440
by ships

1492
00:42:42,440 --> 00:42:43,340
and the safety

1493
00:42:43,340 --> 00:42:44,140
of ships at sea

1494
00:42:44,140 --> 00:42:44,640
generally,

1495
00:42:45,180 --> 00:42:46,320
it was hardly likely

1496
00:42:46,320 --> 00:42:47,140
that the inquiry

1497
00:42:47,140 --> 00:42:47,780
was going to be

1498
00:42:47,780 --> 00:42:48,560
too concerned

1499
00:42:48,560 --> 00:42:49,740
with uncovering

1500
00:42:49,740 --> 00:42:50,220
the truth,

1501
00:42:50,700 --> 00:42:51,500
the Board of Trade

1502
00:42:51,500 --> 00:42:52,760
being both plaintiff

1503
00:42:52,760 --> 00:42:53,420
and defendant

1504
00:42:53,420 --> 00:42:54,280
in the case.

1505
00:42:54,280 --> 00:42:57,240
The hearings

1506
00:42:57,240 --> 00:42:57,720
were held

1507
00:42:57,720 --> 00:42:58,340
at the Scottish

1508
00:42:58,340 --> 00:42:58,860
Drill Hall

1509
00:42:58,860 --> 00:42:59,320
in London

1510
00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:00,500
where the acoustics

1511
00:43:00,500 --> 00:43:01,300
were so bad

1512
00:43:01,300 --> 00:43:02,120
that spectators

1513
00:43:02,120 --> 00:43:02,680
in the public

1514
00:43:02,680 --> 00:43:03,120
galleries

1515
00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:03,800
found it difficult

1516
00:43:03,800 --> 00:43:04,560
to hear everything

1517
00:43:04,560 --> 00:43:05,320
that was said.

1518
00:43:06,480 --> 00:43:06,980
Lord Mersey

1519
00:43:06,980 --> 00:43:07,540
had complained

1520
00:43:07,540 --> 00:43:08,360
about the unfortunate

1521
00:43:08,360 --> 00:43:09,180
choice of venue

1522
00:43:09,180 --> 00:43:09,940
but then again

1523
00:43:09,940 --> 00:43:10,720
it had been booked

1524
00:43:10,720 --> 00:43:11,560
by his son.

1525
00:43:12,740 --> 00:43:13,580
Harold Sanderson,

1526
00:43:13,960 --> 00:43:14,740
representing Harland

1527
00:43:14,740 --> 00:43:15,220
and Wolfe,

1528
00:43:15,660 --> 00:43:17,020
repeatedly made the mistake

1529
00:43:17,020 --> 00:43:18,480
of referring to the Titanic

1530
00:43:18,480 --> 00:43:19,500
as the Olympic.

1531
00:43:19,500 --> 00:43:22,140
As for Lord Mersey

1532
00:43:22,140 --> 00:43:22,620
himself,

1533
00:43:22,760 --> 00:43:24,000
he simply didn't ask

1534
00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:25,100
or allow to be asked

1535
00:43:25,100 --> 00:43:26,000
the right questions.

1536
00:43:26,760 --> 00:43:27,260
The press,

1537
00:43:27,520 --> 00:43:27,960
who were there

1538
00:43:27,960 --> 00:43:28,880
throughout the hearings

1539
00:43:28,880 --> 00:43:29,500
and could have done

1540
00:43:29,500 --> 00:43:30,320
something about it,

1541
00:43:30,640 --> 00:43:31,340
were more interested

1542
00:43:31,340 --> 00:43:32,120
in the scandal

1543
00:43:32,120 --> 00:43:33,000
surrounding the

1544
00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:34,060
lucky escape

1545
00:43:34,060 --> 00:43:35,480
of J. Bruce Ismay.

1546
00:43:37,080 --> 00:43:37,880
Other expert

1547
00:43:37,880 --> 00:43:38,600
naval officers

1548
00:43:38,600 --> 00:43:39,600
told Lord Mersey

1549
00:43:39,600 --> 00:43:40,360
that even on a

1550
00:43:40,360 --> 00:43:41,080
moonless night

1551
00:43:41,080 --> 00:43:42,080
there'd be no difficulty

1552
00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:43,120
spotting an iceberg

1553
00:43:43,120 --> 00:43:44,080
from as far away

1554
00:43:44,080 --> 00:43:45,000
as six or even

1555
00:43:45,000 --> 00:43:45,660
ten miles.

1556
00:43:48,340 --> 00:43:48,900
Remember,

1557
00:43:48,900 --> 00:43:50,420
the full turning circle

1558
00:43:50,420 --> 00:43:51,160
of the Titanic

1559
00:43:51,160 --> 00:43:52,100
at top speed

1560
00:43:52,100 --> 00:43:52,960
was only

1561
00:43:52,960 --> 00:43:54,060
three quarters of a mile.

1562
00:43:57,140 --> 00:43:58,660
The whole British inquiry

1563
00:43:58,660 --> 00:43:59,600
was a whitewash.

1564
00:44:00,300 --> 00:44:00,840
Captain Smith

1565
00:44:00,840 --> 00:44:01,560
would not be blamed

1566
00:44:01,560 --> 00:44:02,160
because he was

1567
00:44:02,160 --> 00:44:03,040
no longer alive

1568
00:44:03,040 --> 00:44:04,300
and could not defend himself.

1569
00:44:04,980 --> 00:44:05,540
The lookouts

1570
00:44:05,540 --> 00:44:06,340
were not to blame.

1571
00:44:06,800 --> 00:44:07,980
The design and construction

1572
00:44:07,980 --> 00:44:08,720
of the Titanic

1573
00:44:08,720 --> 00:44:09,680
was not to blame.

1574
00:44:10,340 --> 00:44:11,320
Neither were her officers

1575
00:44:11,320 --> 00:44:12,420
or her owners.

1576
00:44:13,140 --> 00:44:13,620
In fact,

1577
00:44:14,160 --> 00:44:15,300
no one was to blame

1578
00:44:15,300 --> 00:44:17,560
except Captain Lord.

1579
00:44:18,900 --> 00:44:21,360
Captain Lord stood alone.

1580
00:44:23,800 --> 00:44:24,920
If Lord Mersey

1581
00:44:24,920 --> 00:44:25,540
heard anything

1582
00:44:25,540 --> 00:44:26,220
at the inquiry

1583
00:44:26,220 --> 00:44:27,020
that he didn't like,

1584
00:44:27,240 --> 00:44:28,320
he simply ignored it.

1585
00:44:28,860 --> 00:44:29,400
She looked like

1586
00:44:29,400 --> 00:44:30,420
a small tramp steamer

1587
00:44:30,420 --> 00:44:31,580
about five miles away.

1588
00:44:32,340 --> 00:44:32,860
They were firing

1589
00:44:32,860 --> 00:44:34,060
ruckus just after midnight.

1590
00:44:35,220 --> 00:44:35,620
Altogether,

1591
00:44:35,860 --> 00:44:37,200
she fired eight ruckus

1592
00:44:37,200 --> 00:44:38,080
and all white

1593
00:44:38,080 --> 00:44:39,360
and rose no further

1594
00:44:39,360 --> 00:44:40,120
than the mast head.

1595
00:44:40,120 --> 00:44:41,960
I think we are all

1596
00:44:41,960 --> 00:44:42,560
of the opinion

1597
00:44:42,560 --> 00:44:43,980
that the distress signals

1598
00:44:43,980 --> 00:44:44,840
which were seen

1599
00:44:44,840 --> 00:44:45,500
from the deck

1600
00:44:45,500 --> 00:44:46,460
of the Californian

1601
00:44:46,460 --> 00:44:48,040
were, in fact,

1602
00:44:48,380 --> 00:44:49,460
the distress signals

1603
00:44:49,460 --> 00:44:50,500
from the Titanic.

1604
00:44:51,940 --> 00:44:52,940
I went down below

1605
00:44:52,940 --> 00:44:53,640
to Captain Lord

1606
00:44:53,640 --> 00:44:54,460
who was sleeping

1607
00:44:54,460 --> 00:44:55,180
in the chart room.

1608
00:44:56,020 --> 00:44:56,660
He asked me again

1609
00:44:56,660 --> 00:44:57,220
if I was sure

1610
00:44:57,220 --> 00:44:57,800
there was no colour

1611
00:44:57,800 --> 00:44:58,300
in the rockets.

1612
00:44:59,000 --> 00:44:59,620
So I said,

1613
00:44:59,920 --> 00:45:00,140
no.

1614
00:45:00,940 --> 00:45:01,800
They were all white.

1615
00:45:01,800 --> 00:45:03,840
I think the onus

1616
00:45:03,840 --> 00:45:04,360
of proof

1617
00:45:04,360 --> 00:45:05,020
in this matter

1618
00:45:05,020 --> 00:45:06,620
is upon the Californian

1619
00:45:06,620 --> 00:45:08,800
that it will be

1620
00:45:08,800 --> 00:45:09,900
for the Californian

1621
00:45:09,900 --> 00:45:11,020
to satisfy us

1622
00:45:11,020 --> 00:45:12,180
that they were not

1623
00:45:12,180 --> 00:45:12,940
the signals

1624
00:45:12,940 --> 00:45:13,820
of the Titanic.

1625
00:45:15,280 --> 00:45:16,960
Whenever a Titanic survivor

1626
00:45:16,960 --> 00:45:18,540
referred to the mystery ship

1627
00:45:18,540 --> 00:45:19,220
that they'd seen

1628
00:45:19,220 --> 00:45:19,940
on the horizon,

1629
00:45:20,780 --> 00:45:21,640
as often as not,

1630
00:45:21,720 --> 00:45:22,200
Lord Mersey

1631
00:45:22,200 --> 00:45:23,100
would interject with,

1632
00:45:23,260 --> 00:45:24,560
you mean the Californian?

1633
00:45:24,560 --> 00:45:26,860
There was barely

1634
00:45:26,860 --> 00:45:27,360
an attempt

1635
00:45:27,360 --> 00:45:28,480
at cross-examination

1636
00:45:28,480 --> 00:45:29,760
and, as happened

1637
00:45:29,760 --> 00:45:30,360
so often,

1638
00:45:30,880 --> 00:45:31,540
Captain Lord

1639
00:45:31,540 --> 00:45:33,300
declined to defend himself,

1640
00:45:34,320 --> 00:45:35,660
perhaps out of fear

1641
00:45:35,660 --> 00:45:36,560
that he might reveal

1642
00:45:36,560 --> 00:45:38,040
his part in the conspiracy.

1643
00:45:39,500 --> 00:45:39,860
Furthermore,

1644
00:45:40,360 --> 00:45:41,600
when the inquiry heard

1645
00:45:41,600 --> 00:45:42,260
from passengers

1646
00:45:42,260 --> 00:45:43,000
who'd been aboard

1647
00:45:43,000 --> 00:45:43,720
the Mount Temple

1648
00:45:43,720 --> 00:45:45,000
that they'd actually

1649
00:45:45,000 --> 00:45:45,920
seen the Titanic

1650
00:45:45,920 --> 00:45:46,720
on the horizon

1651
00:45:46,720 --> 00:45:48,340
and were even close enough

1652
00:45:48,340 --> 00:45:49,380
to hear the last two

1653
00:45:49,380 --> 00:45:50,580
reports of her rockets,

1654
00:45:51,540 --> 00:45:52,200
Lord Mersey

1655
00:45:52,200 --> 00:45:53,780
repeatedly interrupted them.

1656
00:45:53,780 --> 00:45:55,080
You do not give me

1657
00:45:55,080 --> 00:45:56,520
the answers that please me.

1658
00:45:57,580 --> 00:45:58,080
Of course,

1659
00:45:58,320 --> 00:45:59,540
if Lord Mersey was

1660
00:45:59,540 --> 00:46:00,840
a party to the cover-up,

1661
00:46:01,220 --> 00:46:01,760
he would have known

1662
00:46:01,760 --> 00:46:03,000
about Captain Lord's

1663
00:46:03,000 --> 00:46:03,620
secret mission

1664
00:46:03,620 --> 00:46:05,460
and of how the rescue plan

1665
00:46:05,460 --> 00:46:06,720
failed largely because

1666
00:46:06,720 --> 00:46:07,580
of circumstances

1667
00:46:07,580 --> 00:46:09,440
outside Captain Lord's control.

1668
00:46:10,160 --> 00:46:10,560
And yet,

1669
00:46:10,980 --> 00:46:12,080
Lord Mersey repeatedly

1670
00:46:12,080 --> 00:46:13,300
interrupted the testimony

1671
00:46:13,300 --> 00:46:14,760
of Californians' officers

1672
00:46:14,760 --> 00:46:16,760
and instead accepted

1673
00:46:16,760 --> 00:46:18,400
evidence against Captain Lord

1674
00:46:18,400 --> 00:46:19,900
that would have been laughed

1675
00:46:19,900 --> 00:46:20,500
out of court

1676
00:46:20,500 --> 00:46:21,880
under normal circumstances.

1677
00:46:21,880 --> 00:46:24,060
Was Captain Lord

1678
00:46:24,060 --> 00:46:25,320
being made a scapegoat

1679
00:46:25,320 --> 00:46:26,380
because he had failed

1680
00:46:26,380 --> 00:46:27,760
to do what he'd been engaged

1681
00:46:27,760 --> 00:46:28,800
to do on the night

1682
00:46:28,800 --> 00:46:29,520
of the disaster?

1683
00:46:31,900 --> 00:46:32,620
Of course,

1684
00:46:32,740 --> 00:46:33,640
by highlighting Lord

1685
00:46:33,640 --> 00:46:34,540
and the Californian,

1686
00:46:34,900 --> 00:46:35,840
Lord Mersey was drawing

1687
00:46:35,840 --> 00:46:36,760
attention away

1688
00:46:36,760 --> 00:46:37,520
from rather more

1689
00:46:37,520 --> 00:46:38,440
sensitive issues.

1690
00:46:39,460 --> 00:46:40,400
Titanic's bulkheads

1691
00:46:40,400 --> 00:46:40,940
should have gone

1692
00:46:40,940 --> 00:46:41,740
one deck higher.

1693
00:46:42,360 --> 00:46:43,440
It was the Board of Trade's

1694
00:46:43,440 --> 00:46:44,180
own regulations

1695
00:46:44,180 --> 00:46:45,340
that allowed Titanic

1696
00:46:45,340 --> 00:46:46,040
to go to sea

1697
00:46:46,040 --> 00:46:47,380
with too few lifeboats

1698
00:46:47,380 --> 00:46:49,040
and the Board of Trade's

1699
00:46:49,040 --> 00:46:49,740
inspectors

1700
00:46:49,740 --> 00:46:50,900
who had been so ready

1701
00:46:50,900 --> 00:46:51,960
to sign the ship off

1702
00:46:51,960 --> 00:46:52,940
as fit to go to sea

1703
00:46:52,940 --> 00:46:53,840
in the first place.

1704
00:46:57,380 --> 00:46:59,100
Titanic cost $10 million

1705
00:46:59,100 --> 00:47:00,220
to build

1706
00:47:00,220 --> 00:47:01,680
and as a brand new ship

1707
00:47:01,680 --> 00:47:02,780
would have been insurable

1708
00:47:02,780 --> 00:47:04,420
for that amount and more.

1709
00:47:05,500 --> 00:47:05,980
The Olympic,

1710
00:47:06,160 --> 00:47:06,800
on the other hand,

1711
00:47:07,160 --> 00:47:08,920
damaged beyond economic repair,

1712
00:47:09,160 --> 00:47:10,200
would only have been insurable

1713
00:47:10,200 --> 00:47:11,680
for a much smaller amount.

1714
00:47:12,760 --> 00:47:13,820
A motive for switching

1715
00:47:13,820 --> 00:47:15,420
the ships is clear.

1716
00:47:15,420 --> 00:47:17,480
Normally,

1717
00:47:17,600 --> 00:47:18,380
White Star Line,

1718
00:47:18,540 --> 00:47:19,760
when they insured their ships,

1719
00:47:20,180 --> 00:47:21,260
took on part of the risk

1720
00:47:21,260 --> 00:47:21,860
themselves

1721
00:47:21,860 --> 00:47:23,320
and it was at first thought

1722
00:47:23,320 --> 00:47:24,220
that Lloyd's of London

1723
00:47:24,220 --> 00:47:25,280
would only be liable

1724
00:47:25,280 --> 00:47:26,640
for $7.5 million.

1725
00:47:28,020 --> 00:47:29,040
Not so.

1726
00:47:29,840 --> 00:47:30,880
For just one week

1727
00:47:30,880 --> 00:47:32,080
before the maiden voyage

1728
00:47:32,080 --> 00:47:32,860
of the Titanic,

1729
00:47:33,540 --> 00:47:34,460
which we now know

1730
00:47:34,460 --> 00:47:35,800
was in fact the Olympic,

1731
00:47:36,980 --> 00:47:37,920
White Star Line

1732
00:47:37,920 --> 00:47:39,200
upped their insurance

1733
00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:40,600
on the vessel dramatically

1734
00:47:40,600 --> 00:47:43,120
and, incredibly,

1735
00:47:43,520 --> 00:47:44,580
just five days

1736
00:47:44,580 --> 00:47:45,540
after the sinking,

1737
00:47:46,620 --> 00:47:47,660
Lloyd's paid out

1738
00:47:47,660 --> 00:47:49,900
$12.5 million.

1739
00:47:56,080 --> 00:47:57,340
Although three quarters

1740
00:47:57,340 --> 00:47:57,960
of a century

1741
00:47:57,960 --> 00:47:58,540
at the bottom

1742
00:47:58,540 --> 00:47:59,580
of the Atlantic Ocean

1743
00:47:59,580 --> 00:48:00,680
did not exactly

1744
00:48:00,680 --> 00:48:01,620
preserve Titanic

1745
00:48:01,620 --> 00:48:03,100
in museum-like condition,

1746
00:48:03,480 --> 00:48:04,220
there is enough

1747
00:48:04,220 --> 00:48:05,080
left of the wreck

1748
00:48:05,080 --> 00:48:06,140
to give us more than

1749
00:48:06,140 --> 00:48:06,920
just an idea

1750
00:48:06,920 --> 00:48:08,140
of what really happened.

1751
00:48:09,100 --> 00:48:10,000
Corrosion has done

1752
00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:11,120
its relentless work,

1753
00:48:11,120 --> 00:48:12,320
but where the original

1754
00:48:12,320 --> 00:48:13,520
black paint of the hull

1755
00:48:13,520 --> 00:48:14,420
has flaked away,

1756
00:48:14,860 --> 00:48:15,820
it is still possible

1757
00:48:15,820 --> 00:48:16,700
to see spots

1758
00:48:16,700 --> 00:48:17,780
of grey paint

1759
00:48:17,780 --> 00:48:19,200
which formed the undercoat,

1760
00:48:19,780 --> 00:48:20,920
except that grey paint

1761
00:48:20,920 --> 00:48:21,740
was only used

1762
00:48:21,740 --> 00:48:22,480
as an undercoat

1763
00:48:22,480 --> 00:48:23,140
on the Olympic

1764
00:48:23,140 --> 00:48:24,620
and not on the Titanic.

1765
00:48:27,200 --> 00:48:28,040
Examination of the

1766
00:48:28,040 --> 00:48:28,900
starboard propeller

1767
00:48:28,900 --> 00:48:29,740
reveals the number

1768
00:48:29,740 --> 00:48:31,420
01 stamped into the metal.

1769
00:48:32,100 --> 00:48:32,660
In fence,

1770
00:48:32,780 --> 00:48:33,900
there is too much corrosion

1771
00:48:33,900 --> 00:48:34,680
to make out

1772
00:48:34,680 --> 00:48:35,840
the number 4 clearly,

1773
00:48:36,240 --> 00:48:36,760
but remember

1774
00:48:36,760 --> 00:48:37,840
the starboard propeller

1775
00:48:37,840 --> 00:48:39,000
numbered 401

1776
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:40,060
for the Titanic

1777
00:48:40,060 --> 00:48:41,600
was put on the Olympic

1778
00:48:41,600 --> 00:48:43,200
as part of the repairs

1779
00:48:43,200 --> 00:48:44,240
after the collision

1780
00:48:44,240 --> 00:48:45,020
with the Hawk.

1781
00:48:46,280 --> 00:48:47,200
Remote cameras

1782
00:48:47,200 --> 00:48:48,020
under the control

1783
00:48:48,020 --> 00:48:48,900
of the discoverer

1784
00:48:48,900 --> 00:48:49,940
of the Titanic wreck,

1785
00:48:50,060 --> 00:48:51,180
Dr. Robert Ballard,

1786
00:48:51,560 --> 00:48:52,100
have examined

1787
00:48:52,100 --> 00:48:53,120
the stern section

1788
00:48:53,120 --> 00:48:53,680
of the ship.

1789
00:48:54,380 --> 00:48:54,920
They show

1790
00:48:54,920 --> 00:48:55,800
that in addition

1791
00:48:55,800 --> 00:48:57,140
to the lateral bulkheads

1792
00:48:57,140 --> 00:48:57,880
that were a feature

1793
00:48:57,880 --> 00:48:58,840
of both the Titanic

1794
00:48:58,840 --> 00:48:59,600
and the Olympic,

1795
00:49:00,140 --> 00:49:01,080
there is a longitudinal

1796
00:49:01,080 --> 00:49:01,920
bulkhead

1797
00:49:01,920 --> 00:49:02,920
in the stern section

1798
00:49:02,920 --> 00:49:03,920
where there was none

1799
00:49:03,920 --> 00:49:04,920
on the original plans

1800
00:49:04,920 --> 00:49:05,760
for either vessel.

1801
00:49:06,700 --> 00:49:07,360
The position

1802
00:49:07,360 --> 00:49:08,240
of this bulkhead

1803
00:49:08,240 --> 00:49:09,120
suggests

1804
00:49:09,120 --> 00:49:10,360
a temporary repair

1805
00:49:10,360 --> 00:49:11,320
has been carried out

1806
00:49:11,320 --> 00:49:12,500
to strengthen the keel,

1807
00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:14,060
a keel perhaps

1808
00:49:14,060 --> 00:49:15,340
damaged by the collision

1809
00:49:15,340 --> 00:49:16,400
with HMS Hawk.

1810
00:49:17,360 --> 00:49:18,040
And finally,

1811
00:49:18,600 --> 00:49:19,360
a close look

1812
00:49:19,360 --> 00:49:19,920
at the bow

1813
00:49:19,920 --> 00:49:20,820
could reveal

1814
00:49:20,820 --> 00:49:21,620
the most damning

1815
00:49:21,620 --> 00:49:22,460
evidence of all.

1816
00:49:22,460 --> 00:49:24,820
In 1986,

1817
00:49:25,500 --> 00:49:26,360
the French National

1818
00:49:26,360 --> 00:49:27,640
Oceanographic Institute

1819
00:49:27,640 --> 00:49:28,880
examined the wreck

1820
00:49:28,880 --> 00:49:30,280
with Dr. Robert Ballard.

1821
00:49:30,820 --> 00:49:31,420
One of the things

1822
00:49:31,420 --> 00:49:31,880
they checked

1823
00:49:31,880 --> 00:49:32,980
was the name of the ship.

1824
00:49:34,500 --> 00:49:35,220
In keeping

1825
00:49:35,220 --> 00:49:36,400
with White Star tradition,

1826
00:49:36,640 --> 00:49:37,180
both ships

1827
00:49:37,180 --> 00:49:38,160
had their names

1828
00:49:38,160 --> 00:49:38,840
engraved

1829
00:49:38,840 --> 00:49:40,140
into the upper bow plates

1830
00:49:40,140 --> 00:49:40,900
in letters

1831
00:49:40,900 --> 00:49:41,920
four foot high.

1832
00:49:43,140 --> 00:49:44,380
Examination of the wreck

1833
00:49:44,380 --> 00:49:45,900
and the name Titanic

1834
00:49:45,900 --> 00:49:47,680
shows that it is made

1835
00:49:47,680 --> 00:49:48,540
of iron letters

1836
00:49:48,540 --> 00:49:49,540
which have been riveted

1837
00:49:49,540 --> 00:49:51,300
onto the original bow plates.

1838
00:49:51,300 --> 00:49:53,640
With the passage of time,

1839
00:49:53,940 --> 00:49:54,560
two of the letters

1840
00:49:54,560 --> 00:49:55,300
have dropped off

1841
00:49:55,300 --> 00:49:56,220
and been lost forever

1842
00:49:56,220 --> 00:49:56,860
in the sediment

1843
00:49:56,860 --> 00:49:57,820
of the seabed.

1844
00:49:58,460 --> 00:49:59,100
At the place

1845
00:49:59,100 --> 00:50:00,120
where they once were,

1846
00:50:00,680 --> 00:50:01,820
engraved into the hull,

1847
00:50:02,560 --> 00:50:03,220
are the letters

1848
00:50:03,220 --> 00:50:05,140
M and P.

1849
00:50:05,140 --> 00:50:06,180
Samadrick

1850
00:50:06,180 --> 00:50:07,600
and três

1851
00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:19,600
men

1852
00:50:19,600 --> 00:50:20,420
and not

1853
00:50:20,420 --> 00:50:21,080
especially

1854
00:50:21,080 --> 00:50:22,080
one

1855
00:50:22,180 --> 00:50:22,440
and

1856
00:50:22,560 --> 00:50:23,180
over

1857
00:50:23,180 --> 00:50:23,820
over

1858
00:50:23,820 --> 00:50:24,340
the

1859
00:50:24,440 --> 00:50:25,980
story

1860
00:50:26,700 --> 00:50:27,080
in the

1861
00:50:27,080 --> 00:50:28,220
story

1862
00:50:28,440 --> 00:50:29,900
comes in

1863
00:50:29,900 --> 00:50:31,640
and

1864
00:50:31,640 --> 00:50:31,860
every

1865
00:50:31,860 --> 00:50:32,640
month

1866
00:50:32,640 --> 00:51:02,620
Thank you.

1867
00:51:02,640 --> 00:51:32,620
Thank you.

1868
00:51:32,640 --> 00:52:02,620
Thank you.

1869
00:52:02,640 --> 00:52:32,620
Thank you.