1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,000 You 2 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:32,000 You 3 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:34,000 You 4 00:00:56,160 --> 00:00:58,160 Let me speak 5 00:00:58,160 --> 00:01:06,040 England France and Russia returning forces against our ally Austria we must stand with that united ready to sacrifice 6 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:31,160 You 7 00:01:47,800 --> 00:01:52,360 The allied leaders were arguing their way over the whole future of the German people 8 00:01:52,360 --> 00:01:56,360 Under their hands the map of Europe was drawn and redrawn again 9 00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:02,400 At last after more than three months of discussion. They presented the terms of their treaty to the Germans 10 00:02:03,880 --> 00:02:12,880 Germany lost land in the east the west and the north in the east the most important of those losses was the wide strip of territory given to the newly independent Poland 11 00:02:13,400 --> 00:02:16,400 Separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany 12 00:02:16,640 --> 00:02:20,680 While on the west France took back the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine 13 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:30,520 And was also given the right to mine coal in the SAA an area placed under League of Nations control for 15 years 14 00:02:34,640 --> 00:02:41,960 To protect France Germany was forbidden to station soldiers in the Rhineland and in the south of the country 15 00:02:42,160 --> 00:02:50,120 France Germany was forbidden to station soldiers in the Rhineland an area which was to be occupied by Allied troops until 1935 16 00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:55,660 It was not only the loss of territory which Germany resented 17 00:02:55,920 --> 00:03:01,580 But also the fact that Czechoslovakia and Poland now contains large numbers of Germans 18 00:03:01,580 --> 00:03:07,960 And as if to add insult to injury the treaty for bad German speaking Austria to unite with Germany 19 00:03:08,920 --> 00:03:11,160 Her fortifications were to be destroyed 20 00:03:11,960 --> 00:03:14,680 Her army was to be reduced to a hundred thousand men 21 00:03:16,340 --> 00:03:18,240 No Air Force 22 00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:22,920 No submarines and to accept blame for starting the war and pay reparations 23 00:03:23,040 --> 00:03:30,240 So in the high summer of 1919 the German delegates were brought to the Great Hall of Mirrors at Versailles to sign the peace treaty 24 00:03:30,920 --> 00:03:38,720 It was a compromise piece that satisfied not even one single Allied leader and predictably the Germans loathed it 25 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:46,660 The Germans argued that the Germany to which they were returning had suffered poverty and unemployment in the years since the war and 26 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:50,240 Couldn't afford the vast sums demanded by the Allies 27 00:03:58,880 --> 00:04:05,560 But these arguments didn't impress the Allies who fixed the sum of six thousand six hundred million pounds for the Germans to pay 28 00:04:08,800 --> 00:04:11,240 That sum would have to be paid in goods as well as money 29 00:04:11,800 --> 00:04:16,360 Most would come from here in the Ruhr the industrial heart of Germany 30 00:04:17,280 --> 00:04:24,400 but at the end of 1922 the Germans fell behind with their payments and Raymond Poincaré the new French Prime Minister 31 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:31,080 Decided to act if Germany wouldn't pay in full and on the nail then France would help herself 32 00:04:32,080 --> 00:04:39,080 So on the 11th of January 1923 French and Belgian troops entered the Ruhr to force the Germans to pay up 33 00:04:41,720 --> 00:04:45,680 There was of course after Versailles no German army big enough to stop them 34 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:49,920 At first the French believed that they could make the Germans work for them 35 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:56,560 but suddenly German politicians and people were united in a common cause hatred of the French and 36 00:04:57,200 --> 00:04:59,840 Huge protest meetings were held all over Germany 37 00:05:00,240 --> 00:05:06,880 Their attitude towards the Germans in the Ruhr began to harm they tried to cut the Ruhr off from the rest of the country 38 00:05:07,880 --> 00:05:11,000 German visitors were searched as if they were entering a foreign land 39 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:16,800 1923 was disastrous for Germany in that year the great German inflation reached its peak 40 00:05:17,280 --> 00:05:19,760 But sometimes the value of the mark had been dropping 41 00:05:20,280 --> 00:05:24,560 As the value of the notes decreased so the amount of notes needed to buy things grew 42 00:05:25,040 --> 00:05:29,120 Banks became more and more expensive and the German market was not as good as it was before 43 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:33,120 But the German market was still growing and the German market was still growing 44 00:05:33,560 --> 00:05:37,640 And the German market was still growing and the German market was still growing 45 00:05:37,640 --> 00:05:41,640 The demand for paper money was growing and the demand for paper money was growing 46 00:05:41,960 --> 00:05:46,760 But the demand for paper money was growing and the demand for paper money was growing 47 00:05:47,080 --> 00:05:51,560 And the demand for paper money was growing and the demand for paper money was growing 48 00:05:51,880 --> 00:05:56,920 But the demand for paper money was growing and the demand for paper money was growing 49 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:01,640 But the demand for paper money was growing and the demand for paper money was growing 50 00:06:01,880 --> 00:06:03,880 But the demand for paper money was growing 51 00:06:03,880 --> 00:06:05,880 And the German government was not yet production going again 52 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:10,200 The government also announced that Germany would resume the payment of reparations 53 00:06:10,520 --> 00:06:12,520 It was the only possible way of getting the French out 54 00:06:13,320 --> 00:06:18,120 But to the nationalists it looked like yet another pathetic surrender to Germany's enemies 55 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:22,200 General Ludendorff, who had never accepted that Germany had been defeated 56 00:06:22,680 --> 00:06:28,040 Gave his support to Adolf Hitler, the leader of the new National Socialist Party 57 00:07:03,880 --> 00:07:07,880 Until 1934, conflicts between Germany and Poland smoldered 58 00:07:08,200 --> 00:07:12,200 Fencing, next to East Prussia, had been completely cut off from the Reich 59 00:07:16,840 --> 00:07:22,840 Warsaw continued to try to rest total control over the strategically important harbor city 60 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:25,720 In West Prussia, the situation was similar 61 00:07:26,280 --> 00:07:30,280 East Prussia was now completely cut off from the German Reich 62 00:07:30,280 --> 00:07:36,280 Bolstered by English and French guarantees of war support, Poland has no further incentive to negotiate in good faith with Germany 63 00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:40,600 And in the meantime, in Warsaw, maps are suddenly starting to circulate 64 00:07:40,920 --> 00:07:44,920 Which contain a new western Polish border, extending to just west of Berlin 65 00:07:45,720 --> 00:07:49,720 All across Poland, the so-called pogroms against the minorities begin 66 00:07:50,600 --> 00:07:54,600 Night after night, Polish border guards begin to attack Poland 67 00:07:54,680 --> 00:07:58,680 In Poland, the so-called pogroms against the minorities begin 68 00:07:59,080 --> 00:08:03,080 Night after night, Polish border officials shot at the fleeing Germans 69 00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:12,200 Shortly before the official outbreak of war, there were already 80,000 ethnic Germans in refugee camps in both Danzig and the German Reich 70 00:08:12,200 --> 00:08:18,200 The misery of the minority Germans in Poland had now developed the third and most pressing reason that would lead to the outbreak of war 71 00:08:42,200 --> 00:08:46,200 Poland is now committing atrocities against the German minority in the German part of Poland 72 00:08:46,200 --> 00:08:50,200 Poland is now committing atrocities against the German minority in Poland 73 00:09:12,200 --> 00:09:16,200 Hitler is now at a very tough situation 74 00:09:16,200 --> 00:09:26,200 Basically it's like, alright, if I don't declare war on Poland, if I don't go in and help these Germans out, well then the German minority is just going to keep getting slaughtered 75 00:09:26,200 --> 00:09:30,200 And it's not an insignificant amount of Germans in that area who are being killed 76 00:09:30,200 --> 00:09:34,200 I mean, it was pretty bad what was going on, what the Poles were doing in that area 77 00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:40,200 And so he was basically saying, well, if we don't go in, then those Germans are just going to keep getting slaughtered 78 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:50,200 If we go in, we're going to find ourselves out more with Poland, France, and Britain, and possibly the Soviet Union 79 00:09:50,200 --> 00:09:58,200 But in a move of brilliant cunning, he astonished the world in the summer of 1939 by doing a deal with Stalin 80 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:04,200 With Stalin on his side, Hitler was sure nobody else would interfere when he attacked the Poles 81 00:10:05,200 --> 00:10:13,200 Whilst the military commissions of the Western powers are still negotiating in Moscow with a view of enlisting Russia in their front against Germany 82 00:10:13,200 --> 00:10:22,200 Right Foreign Minister von Britentrop flies to the Soviet capital to sign a pact of non-aggression and consultation with Mr. Stalin and Foreign Commissioner Molotov 83 00:10:22,200 --> 00:10:38,200 The applause greets the Fuhrer who has just arrived in the call of her house to address the Reichstag which has been called an extraordinary session 84 00:10:38,200 --> 00:10:44,200 The Reichstag was and is a German city 85 00:10:44,200 --> 00:10:47,200 Gansi is wise and is a German city 86 00:10:47,200 --> 00:10:50,200 It's to have only Germany to thank for their cultural development 87 00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:53,200 I will be the first to introduce this barbaric regime 88 00:10:53,200 --> 00:11:00,200 If Poland should try to destroy Gansi economically on the path of anti-political measures 89 00:11:00,200 --> 00:11:06,200 Then Germany could no longer be seen as idle 90 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:11,200 I told the Polish Ambassador, that if the situation continued as it was 91 00:11:11,200 --> 00:11:17,200 If Gansi were persecuted and were attempted by Poland to ruin Gansi economically 92 00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:19,200 The situation could not be tolerated 93 00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:29,200 We interrupt this broadcast of Adolf Hitler's speech just momentarily to report a dispatch from Paris 94 00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:35,200 Which says that Premier de Lange of France has now called the French Council of Ministers for an emergency meeting 95 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:46,200 I do not have any interest in Poland in the small street you talk about with Poland and the people 96 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:53,200 I therefore resolve to speak to Poland in the same language in which Poland has addressed us for such a long time 97 00:11:53,200 --> 00:12:01,200 We know that Germany and two different doctrines were governed 98 00:12:01,200 --> 00:12:05,200 It was only a question that was asked 99 00:12:05,200 --> 00:12:13,200 Once again we interrupt very briefly this talk by Chancellor Hitler to announce that in London Parliament has been summoned to meet at 6pm in London 100 00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:28,200 Poland for the first time this evening has shot at regular soldiers upon our territory 101 00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:37,200 We are ready to fight 102 00:12:37,200 --> 00:12:40,200 From now on, bomb will be met by bomb 103 00:13:35,200 --> 00:13:37,200 We are ready to fight 104 00:13:37,200 --> 00:13:40,200 From now on, bomb will be met by bomb 105 00:13:40,200 --> 00:13:42,200 We are ready to fight 106 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:45,200 From now on, bomb will be met by bomb 107 00:13:45,200 --> 00:13:47,200 We are ready to fight 108 00:13:47,200 --> 00:13:50,200 From now on, bomb will be met by bomb 109 00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:52,200 We are ready to fight 110 00:13:52,200 --> 00:13:55,200 From now on, bomb will be met by bomb 111 00:13:55,200 --> 00:13:57,200 We are ready to fight 112 00:13:57,200 --> 00:14:00,200 From now on, bomb will be met by bomb 113 00:14:00,200 --> 00:14:07,200 I am speaking to you in the Cabinet Room at 10 Downing Street 114 00:14:07,200 --> 00:14:16,200 This morning the British Ambassador in Berlin ended the German government with a final note 115 00:14:16,200 --> 00:14:21,200 stating that unless we heard from them by 11 o'clock 116 00:14:21,200 --> 00:14:27,200 that they were prepared at once to withdraw their troops from Poland 117 00:14:27,200 --> 00:14:30,200 a state of war would exist between us 118 00:14:30,200 --> 00:14:36,200 I have to tell you now that no such undertaking has been received 119 00:14:36,200 --> 00:14:43,200 and that consequently this country is at war with Germany