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We knew there was a war on.

2
00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:23,480
By that time, what was left of us was herded
into the cattle trains and shipped to...

3
00:00:23,480 --> 00:00:27,719
That was literally a matter of hours, if not
minutes, until our turn.

4
00:00:27,719 --> 00:00:32,719
When we were already sitting at the railroad
station, this was September 1941,

5
00:00:32,719 --> 00:00:38,600
when the German army overran the Ukraine and
stopped the exiling, stopped the trains.

6
00:00:38,600 --> 00:00:40,719
They stopped the trains.

7
00:00:40,719 --> 00:00:45,320
And it was to us as if the Lord had sent us
the angels.

8
00:00:45,320 --> 00:00:50,799
Here were people who stopped the terror that
had been upon us for 25 years,

9
00:00:50,799 --> 00:00:53,560
who came and opened the churches for us and
said,

10
00:00:53,560 --> 00:00:56,599
you can have all the services you want.

11
00:00:56,600 --> 00:00:58,200
It was like heaven.

12
00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:04,799
My mother, to the day she died, never stopped
talking about the wonderful two years that...

13
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when the German army came.

14
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They took over the houses.

15
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We gave them gladly.

16
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It was magnificent.

17
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And we were absolutely convinced that the
Germans had come to save us from communism.

18
00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:20,319
And never was there any reason for us to
change our minds.

19
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Why should we?

20
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The Germans were heroes in our eyes.

21
00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:25,960
We absolutely believed in Adolf Hitler.

22
00:01:25,959 --> 00:01:31,679
We believed in the nature of his struggle, in
the merits of his struggle.

23
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We had these magnificent German soldiers
protecting us.

24
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So the beginning was not at all unpleasant.

25
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But then it became grim.

26
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Then the winter came.

27
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In the dark days of autumn 1941, the summer's
defeats have decimated the Red Army,

28
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and Hitler's artillery can strike Moscow
itself.

29
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The Soviet Union seems on the brink of total
defeat.

30
00:06:11,560 --> 00:06:17,359
But Stalin has his back to the wall, and he
will stop at nothing to protect his power...

31
00:06:17,360 --> 00:06:21,160
Hitler and the Allies expect the fall of
Moscow at any moment.

32
00:06:27,160 --> 00:06:33,160
In the capital, an agitated Stalin entrusts
the defence to General Zhukov.

33
00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:40,160
And it is his suggestion at the end of
November of a counterattack against the...

34
00:06:40,960 --> 00:06:46,960
It is a plan made possible by the seemingly
limitless depth of Red Army reserves.

35
00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:51,960
His agent in Tokyo, Richard Zorga, has sent a
message to the Soviet Union.

36
00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:56,960
He says that the Soviet Union is not ready to
fight against the Soviet Union.

37
00:06:56,960 --> 00:07:01,960
But the Soviet Union is ready to fight
against the Soviet Union.

38
00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:06,960
And the Soviet Union is ready to fight
against the Soviet Union.

39
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His agent in Tokyo, Richard Zorga, has sent
word that Japan will not, as feared,

40
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attack the USSR from Manchuria.

41
00:07:18,759 --> 00:07:23,759
And for once, crucially, Stalin trusts the
advice of a minion.

42
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He authorises the transfer west of more than
half the Soviet strength in the Far East.

43
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Seventeen fresh divisions trained regulars
with full armoured and artillery support

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that will form the heart of the
counterattack.

45
00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:50,560
The first days of December are an agony of
anticipation.

46
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But on the 5th Zhukov unleashes his armies.

47
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Within 48 hours, the Soviet thrusts are fully
underway.

48
00:08:10,560 --> 00:08:15,560
Hitler's furious order to hold advanced
positions is meaningless.

49
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The Red Army's new T-34 tanks are rugged,
powerful fighting machines

50
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designed to perform unfailingly in the bitter
cold of deepest winter.

51
00:08:28,360 --> 00:08:33,360
And swarms of specialist ski troops are too
fast for the ill-clad Wehrmacht.

52
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German troops can only fall back in
astonished disarray.

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As army groups enter, the juggernaut that was
to crush Moscow is smashed apart.

54
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After six months of catastrophic defeats, the
Red Army's hard-fought victory is undeniable.

55
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And as the year closes, Soviet towns and
villages west of the capital

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are being freed from their brief Nazi
occupation.

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There will be more sweepings in the next few
days.

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There will be more sweeping Soviet victories,

59
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but none will burn more brightly than this
first astounding recovery

60
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from the brink of defeat.

61
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Convinced now that Germany is on the brink of
collapse,

62
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Stalin demands attack after attack.

63
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Every remaining reserve is thrown into the
fray

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as he seeks to drive the invader from Soviet
territory.

65
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But it is impossible.

66
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Their superhuman effort has taken its toll.

67
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And the armies are exhausted.

68
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Dissipated by Stalin's overreaching ambition,

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the offensives make only trivial gains,

70
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and at a dreadful cost.

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And by the time its attacks peter out in
February,

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the Red Army has lost the battle in the
capital.

73
00:10:06,559 --> 00:10:09,559
And by the time its attacks peter out in
February,

74
00:10:09,559 --> 00:10:12,559
the Red Army has lost almost a million troops

75
00:10:12,559 --> 00:10:14,559
in the battle for Moscow.

76
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That grim statistic will be hidden from the
Soviet people

77
00:10:18,559 --> 00:10:20,559
for half a century.

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00:10:26,559 --> 00:10:30,559
The majority of Wehrmacht units may have
escaped encirclement,

79
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but they could not save their equipment.

80
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Now it lies abandoned everywhere.

81
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A gigantic German scrapyard.

82
00:10:52,359 --> 00:10:55,359
It is a fitting sight to show British Foreign
Minister Eden

83
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when he arrives to survey the battlefields.

84
00:10:59,359 --> 00:11:02,359
For neither Britain nor Stalin's new ally,
the United States,

85
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believed that Moscow could survive the German
onslaught.

86
00:11:12,360 --> 00:11:15,360
But if the Western Allies are amazed,

87
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this one victory has revealed to Stalin

88
00:11:18,360 --> 00:11:21,360
a mirage of complete triumph,

89
00:11:21,360 --> 00:11:24,360
and he is totally committed to further
attack.

90
00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:28,360
But he has miscalculated.

91
00:11:28,360 --> 00:11:31,360
The Wehrmacht is not yet beaten,

92
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and is planning massive new offensives.

93
00:11:37,360 --> 00:11:40,360
His folly will again compel the Red Army

94
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to fight in desperate defense.

95
00:11:46,360 --> 00:11:49,360
And so the Soviet people must struggle on.

96
00:11:50,360 --> 00:11:53,360
It will be a long, painful journey,

97
00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:57,360
and many will not survive to its conclusion.

98
00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:34,360
The Soviet Union is not yet defeated.

99
00:12:34,360 --> 00:12:37,360
It is still a long way to go.

100
00:12:37,360 --> 00:12:40,360
But it is not yet over.

101
00:12:40,360 --> 00:12:43,360
The Soviet Union is not yet defeated.

102
00:12:43,360 --> 00:12:46,360
It is still a long way to go.

103
00:12:46,360 --> 00:12:49,360
But it is still a long way to go.

104
00:12:49,360 --> 00:12:52,360
But it is still a long way to go.

105
00:12:52,360 --> 00:12:55,360
But it is still a long way to go.

106
00:12:55,360 --> 00:12:58,360
But it is still a long way to go.

107
00:12:58,360 --> 00:13:01,360
But it is still a long way to go.

108
00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:04,360
But it is still a long way to go.

109
00:13:04,360 --> 00:13:07,360
But it is still a long way to go.

110
00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:10,360
But it is still a long way to go.

111
00:13:10,360 --> 00:13:13,360
But it is still a long way to go.

112
00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:16,360
But it is still a long way to go.

113
00:13:16,360 --> 00:13:19,360
But it is still a long way to go.

114
00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:22,360
But it is still a long way to go.

115
00:13:22,360 --> 00:13:25,360
But it is still a long way to go.

116
00:13:25,360 --> 00:13:28,360
But it is still a long way to go.

117
00:13:28,360 --> 00:13:31,360
But it is still a long way to go.

118
00:13:31,360 --> 00:13:34,360
But it is still a long way to go.

119
00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:37,360
But it is still a long way to go.

120
00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:40,360
But it is still a long way to go.

121
00:13:40,360 --> 00:13:43,360
But it is still a long way to go.

122
00:13:43,360 --> 00:13:46,360
But it is still a long way to go.

123
00:13:46,360 --> 00:13:49,360
But it is still a long way to go.

124
00:13:49,360 --> 00:13:52,360
But it is still a long way to go.

125
00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:59,360
And so, and so, the Lord...

126
00:13:59,360 --> 00:14:01,360
Salat!

127
00:14:02,360 --> 00:14:04,360
Salat!

128
00:14:05,360 --> 00:14:08,360
Salat, what have we,

129
00:14:08,360 --> 00:14:12,360
Salat, in whose heart we...

130
00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:14,360
Salat!

131
00:14:16,360 --> 00:14:18,360
Salat!

132
00:14:18,360 --> 00:14:20,360
Salat!

133
00:14:48,360 --> 00:14:50,360
Salat!