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While the Western Allies were held up in the
Ardennes fighting the Battle of the Bulge,

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on the Eastern Front the Red Army was making
good progress.

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They entered Warsaw on the 17th of January
1945.

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The locals cheered as the Polish units in the
Red Army passed by.

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They did not know that some of the officers
they applauded were from the Soviet Union

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and were only pretending to be Poles.

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Stalin hadn't just created new Polish
officers.

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He'd created an entire new Polish government.

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Unlike the Polish government in exile, this
group of tame Poles would do just what Sta...

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The Red Army continued to push forward
further into Eastern Europe,

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capturing Budapest, the capital of Hungary,
in February 1945.

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The Hungarians had been allies of the Nazis.

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Together with the Germans they had fought
fiercely against the Red Army.

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Now they would pay for it.

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They opened every safe and strong box.

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They took away 130 million penga and cash,

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as well as about 800 suitcases and other
containers deposited by clients,

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and emptied 1400 safe deposit boxes.

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Nearby other Soviets took paintings and other
works of art worth billions of pounds,

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including works by Renoir, El Greco and Goya.

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An estimated 99% of these artworks have never
been recovered.

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As well as the wealth of the city,

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the population was also at the mercy of the
Soviet occupiers.

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And what happened to them in the aftermath of
the Soviet victory in Budapest was to beco...

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So bad was the situation in Hungary that a
group of Hungarian communists in Kurbanje...

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In January, when the Red Army arrived, they
committed a series of sexual crimes in an...

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Drunken soldiers raped mothers in front of
their children and husbands.

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Girls as young as 12 were dragged from their
fathers and mothers,

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and raped in succession by 10 to 15 soldiers,
from whom many of them caught venereal...

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In February 1945, Stalin travelled here, to
Yalta on the Black Sea in the south of the...

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to attend what would become the most famous
meeting of the war.

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But the pressures of the war had clearly
taken their toll on one of the leaders of ...

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Churchill looked at Roosevelt very
solicitously.

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Churchill, I suppose, had no surprise, as I
had and anyone else who had seen Roosevelt...

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to see this gaunt, very thin figure.

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His face was waxen, sort of yellow and waxen,
and very drawn, very thin.

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And a lot of the time he was sort of sitting
there with his mouth open, sort of staring...

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So that was quite a shock to see him in that
state.

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The Allies also decided on the formation of
the United Nations after the war.

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The newsreel coverage was decidedly
optimistic.

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This meeting crystallises the Allied resolve
that Germany shall be beaten unconditionally,

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and that lasting peace shall prevail
throughout the world.

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The optimism didn't last long.

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Here in Poland on 28th March 1945, just a few
weeks after signing the Yalta Agreement,

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the Soviets showed how sincere they really
were about Polish political independence.

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Sixteen leading independent political and
military figures in Poland

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arrived for what they had been told was to be
a lunch with senior Soviet officials.

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But they weren't just going on a short
journey, and they weren't just going for...

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In fact, they were all transported over 700
miles to here, the Lviv Yanka prison in...

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The Polish leaders had made a big mistake.

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They trusted the Soviet authorities.

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Each of them was imprisoned and interrogated.

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And then they waited to see the final fate
Stalin had in store for them.

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Roosevelt was more relaxed about the whole
dispute with Stalin.

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Just before Yalta, he'd even remarked that
apart from matters concerning Germany,

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he wanted to stay out of disputes in Europe
as far as possible.

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He wrote to Churchill in early April that

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I would minimise the general Soviet problem
as much as possible,

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because these problems in one form or another
seem to arise every day,

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and most of them straighten out.

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Roosevelt was still keen to get on with
Stalin,

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partly because the Soviet leader had offered
to help with what was happening here,

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in the Far East, in the war against Japan.

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Americans made up the bulk of the Allied
forces who were engaged in the Pacific

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in what was known as island hopping,

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the struggle to wrest each island from the
Japanese.

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It was a brutal and bloody war.

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Just eight days after the Yalta agreement,

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the Americans had launched one of their
fiercest assaults here,

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on the island of Iwo Jima, 750 miles south of
Tokyo.

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Just after 9 o'clock in the morning on 19
February 1945,

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the first wave of US Marines landed on the
island.

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The battle for this piece of volcanic rock
less than 8 miles square

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would be horrific for both sides.

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The American troops were

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on the island of Iwo Jima,

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and the Americans were on the island of Iwo
Jima.

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The American troops were on the island of Iwo
Jima,

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and the Americans were on the island of Iwo
Jima.

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The American troops were on the island of Iwo
Jima,

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and the Americans were on the island of Iwo
Jima.

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For both sides.

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Of the 21,000 Japanese defenders,

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20,000 would die in the struggle.

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The total American casualties on Iwo Jima,
including wounded,

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were over 25,000.

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More than the Allies suffered on D-Day.

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Sir Roosevelt was intensely grateful

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that Stalin had promised the Soviet Union

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would help the Western Allies,

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and enter the war against Japan once Germany
was defeated.

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As for the 16 independent Poles

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tricked into meeting the Soviet authorities

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by an offer of lunch,

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they were all put on trial.

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Of the 16, 13 were sentenced to various terms
in Soviet prison.

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Reversing years of American strategic policy

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would be a massive air assault on Berlin.

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Over six months, the head of bomber command

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sent his planes on 19 mass attacks on the
Nazi capital.

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As many as 800 bombers on a single mission.

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Nearly 11,000 bombing sorties.

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This attack on Berlin would have significance

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far beyond casualty numbers.

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With this raid, the Eighth Air Force crosses
a moral threshold.

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And that moral threshold is

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we will not deliberately bomb civilians.

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Usually the moral divide for historians is
the Tokyo raid,

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which took place the next month,

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where we incinerate the city and kill almost
100,000 people.

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And, but I think,

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once we cross the moral divide in Berlin,

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it made everything else, including the atomic
bomb, a little bit easier.

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That today's government,

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share the worries and suffering with its
people,

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but will never consider it a cause of sorrow
or sorrow.

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The White House

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The White House

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The White House

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The White House

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The White House

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The White House

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Crowds are landing on Constitution Avenue
from here to the White House.

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All the soldiers and servicemen in the crowd,

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stand firmly at attention.

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And now, the Cason will start its solemn,

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procession through Washington.

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The White House

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