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Good morning, everyone.

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I'd like to take you to another continent where it's warmer.

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Back in time to the Inca, which were the largest civilization of the Americas prior to the conquest of the Spanish.

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The one thing that the Inca are most well known for is the idea that they were master stone basins,

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that they were able to build buildings and walls with such accuracy that you couldn't fit, some people say, a credit card,

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and in fact a human hair in between the joints.

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Some of these walls are 300 feet long.

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So my question on my first trip to Cusco was how is it possible that they could do that?

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Because the stone that they used, or stones, were andesite and granite and basalt, and all three of those are incredibly hard stones.

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They're on the Mohs scale, which is the technical scale, going from one to ten, going from talc, which is soapstone,

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and that's one to ten, which is diamond.

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Most of these are between six and seven.

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And in the archaeological record, the only tools that are found are bronze chisels and stone hammers.

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Bronze is about three on the Mohs scale.

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So it's literally like trying to saw through a log with a plastic knife.

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You can't do it because the material itself is harder than the tools.

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So that was my initial question.

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And what I seem to have discovered was that there were two civilizations that preceded the Inca,

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and they were much more highly technically advanced than the Inca themselves,

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which goes counter to conventional thought, where civilizations always go in a line of increasing sophistication.

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But what seems to be not only in South America but also globally is that you have cycles of time and you have cycles of civilization.

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So you have crests and then you have troughs.

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And that's where the Atlantis concept comes in.

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So this is the fanciful depiction of who the Inca originators were.

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Golly.

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And this was actually this is a Peruvian artist.

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So what you have is you have, you know, Peruvian people and others who go, oh, my God, they were, you know, they were gods.

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And then you have the, you know, the Spanish conquistadors who basically thought they were savages.

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So obviously the reality of the Inca is somewhere in between.

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They were human beings.

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Where did they come from? And where did they, you know, what happened to them?

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Most stories say that they came from the Lake Titicaca area, which is half of its in Peru and half of its in Bolivia.

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And so when you read all of the oral traditions and the Spanish chronicles,

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you find out that the island of the sun, which is in the Bolivian half, is probably one of the places where the Inca originated.

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And this is an Inca style building.

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Now, if you look at that, you'll see that it's almost the equivalent of some cottages you'll find here.

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It's basically dry stack stone.

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Or in some cases, they used adobe mud as a mortar because they didn't know cement.

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And cement came with the Spanish later on.

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And then here again is another example of an Inca building.

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But this isn't what you would think of those who have been to Peru or those who have read about them of classic Inca.

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It's supposed to be perfect, you know, almost perfect construction.

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And this is on the island of the moon, which is next to the island of the sun.

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And you see this is adobe construction mixed with stone.

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And that is classic Inca.

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The Inca were a huge civilization, and they had to, by necessity, build quite rapidly.

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So the incredible stone constructions would have been not only time consuming, but again, the toolkit isn't there in the in the archaeological record.

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But you see examples of this throughout Cusco in the Sacred Valley of Peru.

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The other possible location is Tiwanaku in Bolivia, which is just south of Lake Titicaca.

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And this, you know, you look at this and you think, well, my God, that's very sophisticated.

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But the thing to take into account is that all of this was reconstructed in the 1960s.

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So the only original stones are the standing stones you see here.

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Everything else was taken from the surrounding area and reassembled according to what the archaeologists thought this structure looked like.

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So it's very deceiving. You look at that and go, oh, my God, that's sophisticated.

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This is the famous Gate of the Sun, which is at Tiwanaku.

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And that's one solid piece of andesite stone.

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A human being, you know, can walk through there.

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And you see the cracks that is coming down on that side of it.

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It was found snapped in two as if there had been a giant cataclysm at some time in the distant past.

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Some people say the Spanish did that, but the Spanish didn't didn't break it.

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It was actually found half sunk in the mud, suggesting that it has great antiquity and that some major catastrophe happened in the distant past and destroyed the site.

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And that's precisely what we find at what's called Pumapunku.

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Amazing shaping of stones.

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But the whole thing is literally like, you know, like a giant came and picked everything up and threw it all over the place.

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Most of the stones lean in one direction, and that's towards Lake Titicaca.

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So it's as if a giant wave of mud came and swept through the entire place and just toppled everything over.

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Also, it's been mined for its materials since the Spanish arrived there up until very recently.

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So only about five percent of Pumapunku still exists.

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And this is the sort of thing that still, you know, we can still find there.

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And you see the astonishing accuracy of this.

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This is as if a tool came and cut through that material.

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It's completely even from bottom to top.

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And these holes are exactly the same size as if somebody in the distant past had a drill and was able to drill these holes into that stone,

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which again is between six and seven out of ten on the hardness scale.

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And this is how some Germans have reassembled what the original stones looked like.

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And you can see the astonishing complexity.

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This is not the work of Stone Age people wearing loincloths.

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It's something from the distant past.

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I'm not going to give you a timeline because we don't know, but it's it's an indication that we're missing something in history.

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And also these skulls have been found at Pumapunku and Tiwanaku.

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And you can see that they're larger than normal.

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The cranial volume is also larger than the average human being of today or at that time.

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So that adds to the mystery.

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And this is the again the depiction of, you know, of the Inca.

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They were forced out of the Lake Titicaca area about 950 A.D. as the result of a 50 year 50 year drought.

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And the Aymara people swept in and forced them to leave.

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And so what they did, it wasn't just these two.

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This is Manco Capac and his wife and sister, Mama Oklo.

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They didn't simply flee.

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They headed north along a road that existed before them.

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And I believe they knew exactly where they were going based on oral traditions.

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And this is another depiction.

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The thing is that the Spanish, the King of Spain at the time, sent artists to paint the Inca

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because he wanted to know who these so-called kings were and what they looked like.

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But unfortunately, more than 90 percent of the Inca royal family were murdered prior to the Spanish arrival.

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There was a civil war that happened as the result of smallpox.

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And that's why the Spanish had a very easy time of conquering the Inca,

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was that they were already rapidly crumbling as a civilization.

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But the only surviving people they saw had long black hair and facial features like this.

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But that is not necessarily a true depiction of what the Inca looked like because the Inca didn't draw themselves.

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But this is probably closer to what they looked like.

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They looked like short cropped hair like that and they wore large earrings.

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So they were actually called the long ears, which draws in tangentially a relationship possibly with Easter Island.

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It's possible that the Inca or their forebears traveled to Easter Island and they were the ruling family there as well.

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Their destination was this, the Sacred Valley, which is close to Cusco.

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And it's called sacred because it's incredibly productive as regards agriculture.

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The entire valley floor still grows corn and the terracing system goes from the valley floor all the way to the tops of mountains.

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And this is called the Vilcanota River.

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It's the sacred called the Sacred River and it travels from the Andes and winds up being part of the Amazon and going into the Atlantic.

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This is the construction by the Wari people who preceded the Inca and they were a great civilization.

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And this is intact walls that are still present.

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But what the Inca would have encountered on their travel north towards Cusco is this gate.

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And as you can see, there are two distinct styles of construction.

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You have this and you have that.

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That is classic Inca.

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Again, we have stone, which could have been shaped with stone hammers and bronze chisels with adobe mud in between.

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But this is megalithic.

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And this has the accuracy where you cannot fit a human hair in between the joints.

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So I believe that the Inca, when they were traveling north, encountered that that wall as it was.

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And they were in awe.

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So what they did is they simply added on to it.

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And added this, you know, the great area you can see behind it.

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And this is the Corte Cancha, which is in the center of Cusco.

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This is called the Church of Santo Domingo, which was built on top of an Inca or so-called Inca foundation.

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And as we come closer, you see the accuracy of the construction.

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The Spanish used a lot of mortar and they recycled Inca buildings to build all of their buildings.

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But that you can see gaps, but that's probably the result of earthquakes because Cusco is very earthquake prone.

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But that's very complicated.

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It's not simply a straight wall.

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It's got the curve as well.

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And to build that would be very difficult.

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The stone is basalt and it comes from 50 kilometers away.

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And that gives you a bit more of a detail.

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This is what the Corte Cancha originally looked like when the Spanish arrived in 1533.

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And then we also have these fascinating things, which I believe are also found, not necessarily the shape, but they're also found in Egypt.

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And this is where bronze was poured in order to supposedly strengthen the structure of the stone.

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In order to supposedly strengthen the walls.

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It's almost like a clasp of some kind.

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So that meant they had to have localized bronze foundries to be able to pour that into place.

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And this is another example in the wall of the Corte Cancha that's been recycled by the Spanish.

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And then other intriguing and strange looking constructions that and this so-called door, which actually isn't a door.

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And then this.

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That's a whole two and a half feet long.

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And it's perfectly circular.

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As if somebody in the ancient past had the technology of a drill and was able to bore straight through it.

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And this is a.

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Oh.

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And this is the interior of the of the Corte Cancha.

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Again, you see the incredible precision of the stonework.

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And in the middle of the Corte Cancha is this.

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Some people call it a tub or bowl.

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It's one piece of solid basalt.

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And in order to shape that would have taken an incredible amount of time.

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No one knows what the function was.

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And what the Inca did is that they they made the Corte Cancha the center.

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Not only of the city of Cusco, but of their of their entire civilization.

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And there are these energy lines that run from the Corte Cancha outwards and they're called Secke lines and along the lines.

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At these points are places which are called Huacas and they're either buildings or trees or ponds, which are deemed sacred.

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So the Corte Cancha was the epicenter of the Inca civilization from their beginning in Cusco up until the arrival of the Spanish.

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And again, this gives you an idea of the precision of the joinery that I believe they didn't make, but they found, including that little tiny piece there.

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And that is about that size.

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And the question is, why would you bother with?

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Were they fanatics about precision or was it that the building had to be so tightly fitted that it had a specific vibration and that the whole building itself had more than simply a ceremonial function?

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This road is from the Inca period.

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And on the solstices, the sun rises directly up this way.

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And then it would shine.

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The sun would shine straight into what was the Temple of the Sun, whose walls were all sheeted in gold.

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And so the whole the whole room that the sun shone into would glow.

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But what's more intriguing is as we close in on this, you'll see three different levels of construction.

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This is green granite from about 30 kilometers away.

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And it's megalithic.

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And then on the left hand side, this is a graver stone basalt, and it's not quite as tight fitting.

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And then over here is what I regard as being classical Inca.

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So I think what this indicates is that you're looking at three different civilizations and simply the recycling of one structure.

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The megalithic came first.

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Something happened to the building.

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The next culture came and built here.

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And then finally the Inca added on to the right hand side.

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And these are also what are there's a little museum underneath the Coricancha.

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And these skulls are found.

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Again, very similar to what is found in Tiwanaku.

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They have never been carbon 14 tested or DNA tested.

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So we have no idea how old they are.

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Their label is being Inca.

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But that's as far as it goes.

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When you ask the people who work there, they just go, well, we don't know.

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But that's the core of my research is the study of these elongated skulls.

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And to find out who they were, where they came from, and when actually they lived.

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And the DNA and carbon 14 testing is about to start.

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That is not really my ego that I put myself into a lot of pictures.

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But this gives you simply a sense of scale.

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Again, you see the corner, which is the green granite.

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And then you have the stone here with the adobe.

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And some might suggest that, you know, well, the corners would be made stronger.

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And that's why they use that.

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But we find examples of this megalithic construction in patches around Cusco.

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So it's not necessarily just in the corners.

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But it looks literally as if either someone has deconstructed the building or that some catastrophe happened.

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And that's all that was left.

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And the next people to come, the final being the Inca, simply use that and incorporate that into the building.

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And here's another example.

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This is the outer wall of the Coricancha.

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And it's technically incredibly precise.

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Again, you can't fit a human hair in between most of these stones.

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And then later, it looks like we have a recycling system here, whereby a broken section of the wall is reconstructed.

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And adobe is shoved in between.

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And then even later, you have an even cruder form.

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So rather than, again, civilizations going straight up, in this case, it seems to be going that way.

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And this is another form of construction and I think a different time period.

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You see it's polygonal.

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The conventional thought is that the Inca builders would find a stone, roughly shape it, put it into place,

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and then they would put it in the middle of the building.

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And the Inca builders would find a stone, roughly shape it, put it into place, find another stone, which would be of a different shape,

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roughly shape it and try to integrate it in.

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However, thanks to oral tradition and local expertise,

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in fact, what this wall is, it's a series of pictograms.

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So this, though it doesn't look like it, is the head of a puma.

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And that's what we see here.

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You see the outline?

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This stone is that one.

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And there's the body, the two legs, and the tail coming up.

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And the majority of tour guides in Cusco know this, but most tourists are never taught that.

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And this one again, that is the head of a snake.

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You can see the eye.

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And again, you can think it's my imagination until I show you that picture.

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And that again, you see the tongue, the head, and the body.

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This is in Japan.

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This is actually at the Royal Palace in Tokyo.

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And what it suggests is that the megalithic builders who existed in Peru in the ancient past

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may also have existed around the Pacific Rim as well.

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The style isn't exactly the same, but it's the same kind of pillowy look that we saw in the previous picture.

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And that again is at the Imperial Palace in Japan.

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A very tough volcanic stone.

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And this is on Easter Island.

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This is called Vinapu, and it's actually the only example of this.

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There's a lot of stone construction on Easter Island.

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But this example looks in some ways eerily similar to what we find in Cusco.

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And this again is an inca wall.

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You can see how the stone has been recycled.

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This was precision cut at some point.

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00:20:48,600 --> 00:20:53,600
But then the giveaway again is the adobe mud mortar,

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because the Spanish brought with them the knowledge of how to make cement.

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So anything that has cement as mortar is Spanish.

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00:21:00,600 --> 00:21:05,600
Anything that doesn't is either the early attempts of the Spanish,

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or in fact the inca culture rebuilding something.

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And that is one of the best examples, I think, of how the inca achieved their construction

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with bronze chisels and stone hammers.

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00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:23,600
It's quite tight fitting, but it's nothing of the accuracy

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00:21:23,600 --> 00:21:27,600
of some of the other examples that I've shown and will show.

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This is how the inca tried to replicate the look of the ancient past.

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The front is very tight fitting looking, and the back as well.

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But on the inside you have this fill.

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00:21:46,600 --> 00:21:52,600
So as a veneer, their buildings would have looked incredibly precise.

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But because of this and other examples where the walls have been broken,

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we can see the interior, and we can see that it's just a veneer.

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And I think they were attempting to copy the megalithic builders.

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Here's another view of it.

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You see, if you just saw that, you would say, well, that's very well done.

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But when you see the interior, you see that it's a pie shape.

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To make the front fit like that would be time consuming,

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but nothing compared to making the whole thing fit together.

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That is an example of Spanish.

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00:22:25,600 --> 00:22:27,600
This is how the Spanish built their buildings,

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00:22:27,600 --> 00:22:31,600
and this is why when there's an earthquake in Cusco, the buildings crumble.

265
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Because the mortar gives, you know, with the vibration of the shock waves,

266
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the mortar gives way, and the buildings tumble.

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And you can't even see it.

268
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But this is the original builders here.

269
00:22:44,600 --> 00:22:46,600
It's not even a hairline that you can see,

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but that is a join between this stone and that stone.

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And this is another example of that.

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This wall is three feet thick.

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And this is the join, and the join goes from here,

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00:23:02,600 --> 00:23:04,600
three feet through to the other side.

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And because the wall's broken, it's seamless.

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From this point to that point.

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And that is something we could achieve today with great expense and difficulty,

278
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but how could the Inca have possibly achieved that with bronze chisels and stone hammers?

279
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This is Sacsayhuaman, which is the largest megalithic structure in South America,

280
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or in the Americas.

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You can see the people there.

282
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It's an example of scale.

283
00:23:34,600 --> 00:23:38,600
And that's me giving you an example of the size.

284
00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:43,600
It isn't just that this stone is 17 feet high.

285
00:23:44,600 --> 00:23:52,600
Through the earthquakes and other activity, this wall has never moved.

286
00:23:52,600 --> 00:23:57,600
And this stone, in fact, goes down into the ground by 12 feet.

287
00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:00,600
So it's, in fact, 29 feet tall.

288
00:24:00,600 --> 00:24:03,600
And it weighs 125 tons.

289
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And how it's possible for these people to have moved that stone from the quarry is another thing.

290
00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:14,600
I'm not undermining the brilliance of the Inca.

291
00:24:14,600 --> 00:24:18,600
I'm just questioning how was it technically possible,

292
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because the trees located in Cusco are very small,

293
00:24:21,600 --> 00:24:24,600
and they branch off very close to the base.

294
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So you don't have logs that you could use as rollers.

295
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,600
And this other structure is quite astonishing.

296
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This is the wall in behind.

297
00:24:35,600 --> 00:24:38,600
But this, again, is andesite stone.

298
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And the surfaces are almost perfectly flat.

299
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So how is it, you know, again, how is it possible that they were able to shape that?

300
00:24:49,600 --> 00:24:52,600
And this gives you a front view of it.

301
00:24:55,600 --> 00:25:02,600
The story that the tour guides give is that this was,

302
00:25:02,600 --> 00:25:06,600
whenever you see a flat surface, they call that an Inca throne.

303
00:25:06,600 --> 00:25:09,600
The trouble is that there are more than 5,000 of them.

304
00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:12,600
So the Inca were obviously, you know, moving around and sitting down a lot.

305
00:25:13,600 --> 00:25:16,600
And what they say is, well, this is where the Inca, you know,

306
00:25:16,600 --> 00:25:22,600
again, this is the problem with a lot of the tour guides in Cusco, unfortunately,

307
00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:28,600
is that they don't really, to some degree, tend to think as much as they possibly could.

308
00:25:29,600 --> 00:25:31,600
And I'm not, you know, degrading them.

309
00:25:31,600 --> 00:25:33,600
But what they say is the Inca would sit here,

310
00:25:33,600 --> 00:25:37,600
and they would watch the performances that would happen in the courtyard.

311
00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:41,600
But the courtyard's down here, so they would have to turn their heads 90 degrees to look at it.

312
00:25:42,600 --> 00:25:46,600
In fact, what this structure is pointing to is this mountain,

313
00:25:47,600 --> 00:25:51,600
which is called Alsangade, which is a sacred mountain to the Inca,

314
00:25:51,600 --> 00:25:53,600
but probably to their forebears as well.

315
00:25:55,600 --> 00:25:58,600
And all over Cusco in the Sacred Valley, we find these.

316
00:25:59,600 --> 00:26:01,600
Some people have said, well, those are quarries.

317
00:26:02,600 --> 00:26:07,600
The trouble is, again, with the tools that the Inca had, how could they extract the stone?

318
00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:14,600
And like what I just said, it's not that we have one example or 10 examples or 15.

319
00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:19,600
This is a simple example of more than 5,000 structures in the area

320
00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:26,600
where this cleaving or removal of cube-like stone has been done.

321
00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:30,600
And this is one of the larger examples of it.

322
00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:32,600
This is called the Chincana.

323
00:26:34,600 --> 00:26:38,600
And you can see, you know, again, for sense of scale, there are people on top of it.

324
00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:43,600
But you see these supposed staircases, some of which literally go nowhere.

325
00:26:44,600 --> 00:26:49,600
It looks kind of random, so you would think possibly that it could be a quarry.

326
00:26:53,600 --> 00:26:58,600
And on one side, we have this, which is regarded again as being a throne of the Inca,

327
00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:03,600
and then the throne of his wife, and the throne of the high priestess,

328
00:27:04,600 --> 00:27:05,600
who was called the Virgin of the Sun.

329
00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:08,600
So that looks like, you know, it's a very grand looking structure,

330
00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:11,600
and you'd think, you know, there would be a sweeping field out in front

331
00:27:11,600 --> 00:27:16,600
or something like that for them to make their declarations.

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00:27:17,600 --> 00:27:21,600
But in fact, 20 feet away, we find this wall, and this is of the Inca period.

333
00:27:22,600 --> 00:27:25,600
So I think the Chincana pre-existed the Inca,

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00:27:26,600 --> 00:27:29,600
and this area would have been probably open,

335
00:27:30,600 --> 00:27:34,600
and the later Inca people came and constructed this terracing system there.

336
00:27:35,600 --> 00:27:36,600
There's a lot of things that are simply out of place.

337
00:27:37,600 --> 00:27:39,600
There's a lack of logic.

338
00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:43,600
There's a lot of logic that started my whole interest in this

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00:27:44,600 --> 00:27:46,600
when I was being guided around Cusco.

340
00:27:47,600 --> 00:27:49,600
And this is a giant slab of stone.

341
00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:53,600
You can roughly make out a staircase here.

342
00:27:54,600 --> 00:27:59,600
That was actually up and against this wall and snapped off at some point,

343
00:28:00,600 --> 00:28:03,600
and it landed right on top of what is a tunnel.

344
00:28:04,600 --> 00:28:06,600
The dropping of the stone sealed off the tunnel,

345
00:28:06,600 --> 00:28:08,600
and they've done sonograms.

346
00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:13,600
And there's a staircase that goes down 160 stairs straight down,

347
00:28:14,600 --> 00:28:17,600
and then a tunnel which is much larger than a human being can walk,

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00:28:18,600 --> 00:28:21,600
that goes from this side of Sacsayhuaman to the Coricanche in Cusco.

349
00:28:22,600 --> 00:28:23,600
It's about two miles long.

350
00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:27,600
Again, some people suggest that the Inca built the tunnels,

351
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:31,600
but they didn't have the technology possible to cut through solid stone,

352
00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:33,600
which is what you have here.

353
00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:36,600
And again, this is simply another one of these examples of these outcrops

354
00:28:37,600 --> 00:28:38,600
that have been shaped.

355
00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:43,600
And this is called the Temple of the Moon,

356
00:28:44,600 --> 00:28:49,600
which is close to Sacsayhuaman and to the Chincana I showed you.

357
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And you can actually enter here, and that's my wife.

358
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I'm on the inside of it.

359
00:28:57,600 --> 00:29:01,600
And here's where you find an incredibly polished surface.

360
00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:06,600
Some say that, you know, they sanded the surface to make it glossy.

361
00:29:07,600 --> 00:29:11,600
Other researchers have suggested that an incredible heat source was used

362
00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:13,600
in order to vitrify the surface.

363
00:29:14,600 --> 00:29:18,600
And on the interior is this slab with a hole in the ceiling,

364
00:29:19,600 --> 00:29:22,600
and that can easily fit three people lying down.

365
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:26,600
This is one of my greatest pet peeves about Cusco, excuse me,

366
00:29:27,600 --> 00:29:30,600
is the abuse of a very sacred medicine called ayahuasca.

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00:29:31,600 --> 00:29:36,600
And unfortunately, what's happened to it is it's become like a tourist party drug,

368
00:29:37,600 --> 00:29:39,600
whereas in fact, it's a very sacred medicine,

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00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:45,600
which is used for cleansing and purifying and opening up the psyche.

370
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:49,600
But in fact, it's a very sacred medicine,

371
00:29:49,600 --> 00:29:50,600
the psyche.

372
00:29:51,600 --> 00:29:55,600
But in Cusco, it's become something which is unfortunately readily available,

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00:29:56,600 --> 00:29:59,600
and it's almost like, you know, two-for-one specials are available at happy hour.

374
00:30:00,600 --> 00:30:05,600
And this is simply another structure, which is called the Temple of the Monkeys.

375
00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:08,600
And again, you see these incredible flat surfaces,

376
00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:12,600
and the girl there gives you the sense of scale.

377
00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:16,600
As well as depictions of snakes,

378
00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:18,600
the snakes were incredibly important to the Inca.

379
00:30:19,600 --> 00:30:21,600
They represented the subconscious mind.

380
00:30:22,600 --> 00:30:24,600
The puma represented the conscious,

381
00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:26,600
and the condor represented the superconscious.

382
00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:32,600
So the number three is critical in the Inca way of thought,

383
00:30:33,600 --> 00:30:35,600
but it's something that they inherited from other cultures.

384
00:30:36,600 --> 00:30:42,600
Because the actual brilliance of the Inca people wasn't that they were great inventors,

385
00:30:42,600 --> 00:30:45,600
but what they did is as they expanded their civilization,

386
00:30:46,600 --> 00:30:51,600
which eventually occupied southern Colombia in the north,

387
00:30:52,600 --> 00:30:53,600
the middle of Chile in the south,

388
00:30:54,600 --> 00:30:55,600
the Pacific Ocean in the west,

389
00:30:56,600 --> 00:30:57,600
and into the Amazon in the east,

390
00:30:58,600 --> 00:30:59,600
as they enveloped other cultures,

391
00:31:00,600 --> 00:31:02,600
not necessarily conquered them, but enveloped them,

392
00:31:03,600 --> 00:31:07,600
they would take all of the great attributes of that culture and take them as their own.

393
00:31:08,600 --> 00:31:10,600
And so they were, by the time the Spanish arrived,

394
00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:18,600
they were the pinnacle of civilization because they had absorbed and adopted the intelligence of other people.

395
00:31:19,600 --> 00:31:23,600
This is a passageway or a labyrinth at a place called Quinko,

396
00:31:24,600 --> 00:31:26,600
which is in the same area as the other structures we saw.

397
00:31:27,600 --> 00:31:31,600
And again, you can see the surfaces have been shaped at some point in time.

398
00:31:32,600 --> 00:31:35,600
And on the interior, there's this,

399
00:31:35,600 --> 00:31:40,600
there's this, what looks like a temple platform or something.

400
00:31:42,600 --> 00:31:45,600
But again, it's my contention that the Inca didn't build this.

401
00:31:46,600 --> 00:31:51,600
They adopted it or inherited it and used it for their own purposes.

402
00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:55,600
And this is one of the most intriguing things.

403
00:31:56,600 --> 00:31:57,600
Very few people have ever seen this.

404
00:31:58,600 --> 00:32:04,600
Gary and Hugh will see this the next time they come to the Sacred Valley.

405
00:32:05,600 --> 00:32:12,600
It's located, there are hundreds, if not thousands, of intriguing things which are not on the tourist maps.

406
00:32:13,600 --> 00:32:14,600
And this is one of them.

407
00:32:15,600 --> 00:32:18,600
And that's in the same cave.

408
00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:27,600
And again, you can see the incredible precision of which this, you know, how this was made.

409
00:32:28,600 --> 00:32:34,600
And no one honestly has a clue who made it or what it was used for.

410
00:32:35,600 --> 00:32:40,600
But that shows, gives you a sense of the precision of the structure.

411
00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:51,600
And the shape of that construction in the cave is also found here at a place called Oiente Tambo.

412
00:32:52,600 --> 00:32:55,600
And what you have, it's a, you know, it's a very beautiful looking thing.

413
00:32:56,600 --> 00:32:58,600
And it's comprised of three tiers.

414
00:32:59,600 --> 00:33:03,600
And again, that is, that represents the three levels of consciousness.

415
00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:08,600
What's happened to it now is that it's, I think, is that it pre-existed the Inca.

416
00:33:09,600 --> 00:33:12,600
And what they did is they adopted it and actually turned it into a fountain.

417
00:33:13,600 --> 00:33:16,600
They cut this channel here, allowed the water to flow.

418
00:33:17,600 --> 00:33:30,600
But the precision of that as compared to this indicates to me that this was done by a much more technically sophisticated people than this.

419
00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:34,600
And this is clearly Inca period.

420
00:33:38,600 --> 00:33:48,600
This shape is called the Chincana and it relates to that previous slide because again, if you take half of it, you'll see that you have the three levels like that.

421
00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:51,600
And it's called the Inca Cross.

422
00:33:52,600 --> 00:33:57,600
But again, it's an example of something that the Inca adopted from someone else.

423
00:33:57,600 --> 00:34:07,600
And it looks like a very simple symbol, but any simple symbol often, if it's of an ancient and sacred nature, contains an incredible volume of information.

424
00:34:08,600 --> 00:34:24,600
For example, this, it represents time, energy, space, matter, the four seasons, and also the four directions.

425
00:34:24,600 --> 00:34:34,600
And also the four departments of the Inca civilization, the east, the north, the west, and the south.

426
00:34:35,600 --> 00:34:47,600
As well as the three levels of consciousness which are here, the three levels of community service here, and the three levels of philosophy there.

427
00:34:47,600 --> 00:34:57,600
And if you expand on it, then what it also does is it represents this ancient road called the Capacnan, which is the sacred road.

428
00:34:58,600 --> 00:35:02,600
And dotted along this road are many sacred structures.

429
00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:06,600
This is Potosi, which is the sacred mountain of silver.

430
00:35:07,600 --> 00:35:13,600
This is Tiwanaku, Kusui, which is the sacred mountain of silver.

431
00:35:13,600 --> 00:35:20,600
This is Tiwanaku, Kusco's on it, and also Cajamarca, which is an ancient sacred city.

432
00:35:21,600 --> 00:35:34,600
And oral traditions say that the road has been there basically forever, but not only that, but that there's also a tunnel underneath it that travels from the southern part to the northern part.

433
00:35:35,600 --> 00:35:39,600
But no one's actually, as far as I know, been able to enter it.

434
00:35:40,600 --> 00:35:51,600
This is Ollantaytambo, and I think to a great extent it's much more intriguing than its more famous neighbor, which is Machu Picchu.

435
00:35:52,600 --> 00:35:58,600
Machu Picchu is a tourist mecca, which gets 2,000 visitors per day.

436
00:35:59,600 --> 00:36:11,600
But Ollantaytambo, just by its existence and nature, shows us the different cultures and different building technologies existed there.

437
00:36:11,600 --> 00:36:14,600
This is the great accomplishment of the Inca people.

438
00:36:14,600 --> 00:36:17,600
This is called the Andene system. These are terraces.

439
00:36:17,600 --> 00:36:27,600
And again, they were able to build the terracing system in places like the Sacred Valley from the valley floor up to the tops of mountains, so that's more than 2,000 vertical feet.

440
00:36:28,600 --> 00:36:35,600
But Ollantaytambo contains a lot of very other intriguing things.

441
00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:41,600
Here is the men's room.

442
00:36:42,600 --> 00:36:50,600
And next to the men's room, almost no one even bothers to observe that, but here's an example of what I think is the first civilizations work.

443
00:36:51,600 --> 00:36:58,600
Again, somehow they were able to remove these cubes of stone from very hard stone.

444
00:36:58,600 --> 00:37:08,600
And as we climb up the staircase with the Andenes or terraces on the right, on the left we see this.

445
00:37:08,600 --> 00:37:15,600
And this shows us the polygonal system again that exists in Cusco.

446
00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:19,600
And this actually is Inca reconstruction.

447
00:37:19,600 --> 00:37:26,600
You see something had happened to the wall, so they added on with stone mixed with metal.

448
00:37:26,600 --> 00:37:31,600
They added on with stone mixed with mortar in order to fill in spaces.

449
00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:37,600
But what's most intriguing are these up on top at what was the Temple of the Sun.

450
00:37:40,600 --> 00:37:44,600
Again, there's a human being to give you a sense of scale.

451
00:37:48,600 --> 00:37:52,600
This is clearly a shaped stone.

452
00:37:52,600 --> 00:38:05,600
And in this case, I think it actually was a seat, because when you stand, go around and stand behind it and see where the person's sitting, what they would be looking at, you see this.

453
00:38:05,600 --> 00:38:15,600
Which most people think is a natural phenomenon, but I think it's a combination of a natural shape and something that has been sculpted.

454
00:38:15,600 --> 00:38:18,600
If you look here, you can make out an eye.

455
00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:23,600
You can hear there probably was a nose that fell off.

456
00:38:23,600 --> 00:38:26,600
And here there's a mouth with one fang in it.

457
00:38:26,600 --> 00:38:33,600
And this is called, they call this Viracocha, which Viracocha was the creator god.

458
00:38:33,600 --> 00:38:46,600
And it's either a depiction of him or it's a depiction of those that came on his behalf called the Viracochans, who were this mysterious race of tall, tall bearded men.

459
00:38:46,600 --> 00:38:58,600
Some stories say they were white, but I think the correct thing is to say they were light skinned, because to say they were white means they were Europeans, and that gets into major racial controversy.

460
00:39:00,600 --> 00:39:10,600
Up at the Temple of the Sun here again are some of the stones, which conventional archaeologists say that the Anklewood building this incredible structure.

461
00:39:10,600 --> 00:39:20,600
The stone came from across the valley high up on the mountain from a specific quarry, and that for some reason in the distant past the Ankle abandoned their project.

462
00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:35,600
But the more that I visit the place, I think there was a major catastrophe in the distant past, and that caused the Sun Temple to basically, you know, for all intents and purposes explode.

463
00:39:35,600 --> 00:39:47,600
Because I think this is an indication of the Inca finding the site, and because they revered these ancient ancestors, they built this retaining wall underneath it to stabilize everything.

464
00:39:47,600 --> 00:39:52,600
They never seem to touch any of the ancient creations.

465
00:39:52,600 --> 00:39:57,600
What they simply did is usually they would add onto the side of it or to the top of it.

466
00:39:57,600 --> 00:40:01,600
They would integrate themselves into the way the ancestors built things.

467
00:40:01,600 --> 00:40:11,600
And again for a sense of scale at the Sun Temple, this is the filming of ancient aliens that we did about a year ago.

468
00:40:15,600 --> 00:40:21,600
And this is a feature which I believe is found in Egypt and other places.

469
00:40:21,600 --> 00:40:25,600
Again, it's where supposedly molten bronze was poured.

470
00:40:25,600 --> 00:40:44,600
And this would have been like a capital I shape, and it would be almost like a locking mechanism whereby the stones were fitted together, the bronze was poured, and supposedly that would help to stabilize or maintain the position of the stones.

471
00:40:44,600 --> 00:40:49,600
However, during a major earthquake, being bronze, they would simply pop out of place.

472
00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:56,600
So others have suggested that they actually, the function of the bronze was actually for electromagnetic reasons.

473
00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:07,600
That the stone is very high in quartz crystal, and the ancient builders always used stone that was either high in quartz or high in iron, both of which are electromagnetic.

474
00:41:07,600 --> 00:41:18,600
So some believe that the function of this was to help energy flow from one stone to the next, almost as if it was a series of batteries.

475
00:41:18,600 --> 00:41:24,600
Because their precision in fitting would make things fit very tightly, but contact wouldn't be perfect.

476
00:41:24,600 --> 00:41:28,600
This would complete theoretically some kind of circuit.

477
00:41:30,600 --> 00:41:34,600
This is what is left intact of the Temple of the Sun.

478
00:41:34,600 --> 00:41:38,600
The reason why it's still there is that it was built up against the side of a hill.

479
00:41:39,600 --> 00:41:48,600
So even a major earthquake wouldn't cause, or wouldn't allow it to have come apart, whereas the other sides of the building were open.

480
00:41:48,600 --> 00:41:57,600
And they, the stones, multi-ton stones, are found several, you know, in some cases several hundred feet away and down the side of the mountain.

481
00:41:57,600 --> 00:42:06,600
So again, I contend that rather than the standard explanation of the building never having been completed, that in fact it was completed,

482
00:42:06,600 --> 00:42:14,600
that a catastrophe happened, caused it to fall apart, and that's why we find it in the state it's in today.

483
00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:16,600
That's another view of it.

484
00:42:18,600 --> 00:42:20,600
And this is kind of intriguing.

485
00:42:20,600 --> 00:42:30,600
There are six of these major stones, each weigh about 40 tons, and the difference between some researchers and me is that I actually measure the stones.

486
00:42:30,600 --> 00:42:39,600
Some people, you know, like to exaggerate and say this weighs 400 tons or a thousand tons or whatever, but you know, it's a very simple calculation.

487
00:42:39,600 --> 00:42:48,600
If you find out what the density of the stone is and how much it weighs per cubic foot, you simply measure three dimensions and calculate the weight.

488
00:42:48,600 --> 00:42:51,600
And these do average 40 tons.

489
00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:56,600
But in between them are these, which are about that wide.

490
00:42:56,600 --> 00:43:00,600
And what they seem to have acted as is earthquake shims.

491
00:43:00,600 --> 00:43:08,600
Because this was used for solar alignment and study, as well as other things, it was imperative that the wall never move.

492
00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:20,600
So by having these shims, if there was an earthquake or tremor running through the area, the shims were able to run up and down, absorbing the shock and keeping the stones from shifting out of position.

493
00:43:22,600 --> 00:43:25,600
And this is what the Inca did.

494
00:43:26,600 --> 00:43:34,600
They took the remains of the Temple of the Sun, these giant stones that were lying around, and they put them back up.

495
00:43:34,600 --> 00:43:39,600
But they put them in an order which was different from the original intent.

496
00:43:39,600 --> 00:43:44,600
And then they filled in these areas like that.

497
00:43:44,600 --> 00:43:49,600
Most guides and archaeologists won't give you an explanation why this is like that.

498
00:43:49,600 --> 00:43:54,600
But I think it's kind of logical that it was a reconstruction during Inca times.

499
00:43:54,600 --> 00:44:02,600
The Spanish didn't do any reconstruction that didn't have its need for their purposes.

500
00:44:02,600 --> 00:44:10,600
And so sacred structures of the Inca were simply either ignored or were taken apart by the Spanish.

501
00:44:10,600 --> 00:44:12,600
And that's just another view of it.

502
00:44:12,600 --> 00:44:20,600
But under here again you see an Inca construction underneath it to stabilize it.

503
00:44:21,600 --> 00:44:27,600
And this gives you a view, again, I'm not trying to say that the Inca weren't intelligent.

504
00:44:27,600 --> 00:44:29,600
This is their terracing system.

505
00:44:29,600 --> 00:44:38,600
And the scale of the people gives you a sense of how large these were and how difficult it would have been to construct such a thing.

506
00:44:39,600 --> 00:44:43,600
They were incredible agricultural experts.

507
00:44:43,600 --> 00:44:51,600
The soil for the Andeni system was always great earth taken from the Sacred Valley floor itself.

508
00:44:51,600 --> 00:44:58,600
And in some cases, again, carried up 2,000 feet in order to have great topsoil.

509
00:44:58,600 --> 00:45:04,600
And the fertilizer was actually brought from the coast, which is about 200 miles away.

510
00:45:05,600 --> 00:45:09,600
This is one of the oddest things that exists.

511
00:45:09,600 --> 00:45:12,600
And this is the view from the Sun Temple.

512
00:45:12,600 --> 00:45:15,600
And it might be hard to make out.

513
00:45:15,600 --> 00:45:27,600
But if you follow this line this way and then follow this line, a line that would be coming this way, it makes a 90 degree angle.

514
00:45:27,600 --> 00:45:39,600
And then if you follow here, that way, this flat surface and then this angle coming up that way, it's basically half a pyramid.

515
00:45:39,600 --> 00:45:42,600
And this is the capstone missing.

516
00:45:42,600 --> 00:45:48,600
And the only way you can actually see it is from a mountain in behind where there's a very specific temple.

517
00:45:48,600 --> 00:45:56,600
And when you look down from that temple, because of the nature of how this was designed, it appears like a three dimensional pyramid coming up.

518
00:45:56,600 --> 00:46:02,600
Ninety-nine percent of the tour guides in Cusco don't know that exists.

519
00:46:02,600 --> 00:46:04,600
There's no explanation for it.

520
00:46:04,600 --> 00:46:11,600
So again, I think some ancient people did that for some reason.

521
00:46:11,600 --> 00:46:14,600
And this is also at Oiente Tambo.

522
00:46:14,600 --> 00:46:23,600
Ointe Tambo is a place where you could spend several hours because the more you walk around and look, the more intriguing things you find.

523
00:46:23,600 --> 00:46:26,600
This is a solid stone wall.

524
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:31,600
And these knobs or protrusions here don't seem to have any function.

525
00:46:31,600 --> 00:46:43,600
However, a local expert, a native expert, has said that on the solstices, because Cusco is located about 10 degrees below the equator,

526
00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:47,600
the sun basically comes straight over, you know, it doesn't rise and fall like here.

527
00:46:47,600 --> 00:46:49,600
It comes straight over top and down.

528
00:46:49,600 --> 00:46:56,600
And on the solstices, I think it's midday, the sun shines and casts a shadow.

529
00:46:56,600 --> 00:47:00,600
And the shadow comes down and locks into this notch right here.

530
00:47:00,600 --> 00:47:07,600
So again, it's probably not something the Inca did because that is a very hard andesite stone.

531
00:47:07,600 --> 00:47:16,600
And it would have been much easier if they wanted a sundial to build using this technology, which is very fast to do,

532
00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:19,600
and simply stick the knobs in and make the channel.

533
00:47:19,600 --> 00:47:24,600
But whoever built that, it was obviously easy for them to do this kind of work.

534
00:47:24,600 --> 00:47:29,600
But we have no idea who they were or what tools they had.

535
00:47:29,600 --> 00:47:36,600
Moving away from the main part of Ointe Tambo, you know, which is just incredibly gigantic.

536
00:47:36,600 --> 00:47:40,600
It's 600 hectares in size.

537
00:47:40,600 --> 00:47:44,600
You see things like this again.

538
00:47:44,600 --> 00:47:51,600
Seemingly meaningless areas where you have massive chunks of stone as not laser cut,

539
00:47:51,600 --> 00:47:56,600
but as if they were cut out somehow and the surfaces are polished.

540
00:47:56,600 --> 00:48:03,600
But they don't seem to perform any, you know, any real function that we can think of.

541
00:48:03,600 --> 00:48:05,600
And this is in that area.

542
00:48:05,600 --> 00:48:10,600
It's called the Temple of the Condor because if you stand back, it's a natural feature.

543
00:48:10,600 --> 00:48:13,600
But if you stand back, this is the head of the condor here.

544
00:48:13,600 --> 00:48:17,600
And then this is the wing that sweeps back and down.

545
00:48:17,600 --> 00:48:28,600
And throughout this massive stone outcrop, again, you find these odd areas where stone has been removed in seemingly a random fashion.

546
00:48:28,600 --> 00:48:32,600
But clearly the ancients knew what they were doing.

547
00:48:32,600 --> 00:48:37,600
It's simply we, you know, we can't interpret them yet.

548
00:48:37,600 --> 00:48:40,600
And then in the right below that is again, is this.

549
00:48:40,600 --> 00:48:46,600
This is andesite stone with major quartz veins going through it.

550
00:48:46,600 --> 00:48:52,600
Unfortunately, there isn't much left of this area or whatever it was.

551
00:48:52,600 --> 00:48:55,600
It's no longer a building. It's simply piles of stones.

552
00:48:55,600 --> 00:49:00,600
And they've tried to stick some together to replicate whatever it was.

553
00:49:00,600 --> 00:49:05,600
And here where you have the solid stone here.

554
00:49:05,600 --> 00:49:10,600
And then for some reason, they wanted to integrate this one in.

555
00:49:10,600 --> 00:49:17,600
And again, the technical precision of that is quite astonishing.

556
00:49:17,600 --> 00:49:28,600
And here again, you have a polished surface on the right and this integration of well shaped stones into the rock face.

557
00:49:28,600 --> 00:49:34,600
And looking directly across from here is this mountain.

558
00:49:34,600 --> 00:49:39,600
And what you can see here, this is an Inca basically grain elevator.

559
00:49:39,600 --> 00:49:50,600
It's a place where grain was and potatoes were brought up about a thousand feet and stored because the area is has wind basically 24 hours a day.

560
00:49:50,600 --> 00:49:52,600
And the air is normally dry.

561
00:49:52,600 --> 00:49:58,600
So they had a natural drying system built into that.

562
00:49:58,600 --> 00:50:07,600
Here is what's called the Temple of Viracocha, which I haven't been able to get to because the only trail does lead up this way.

563
00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:12,600
But because of this rock scree area, if you tried to step on that, you know, you would wind up here very fast.

564
00:50:12,600 --> 00:50:17,600
But it's this which always captures my attention.

565
00:50:17,600 --> 00:50:21,600
This again is the face which most people say is natural.

566
00:50:21,600 --> 00:50:27,600
But whether it's natural or not, they built a temple on top of his head like a crown.

567
00:50:27,600 --> 00:50:32,600
And I climbed, you know, I climbed up there to see what is it because he has one eye like this.

568
00:50:32,600 --> 00:50:34,600
And what is it that he's looking at?

569
00:50:34,600 --> 00:50:38,600
And he's actually looking back at the Temple of the Condor.

570
00:50:38,600 --> 00:50:42,600
And this gives you a sense of coming in closer to it.

571
00:50:42,600 --> 00:50:44,600
Again, there's the grain elevator there.

572
00:50:44,600 --> 00:50:46,600
This is the Temple of Viracocha.

573
00:50:46,600 --> 00:50:49,600
And there's his head.

574
00:50:49,600 --> 00:50:54,600
And that brings you in a little bit closer.

575
00:50:54,600 --> 00:50:55,600
And even closer.

576
00:50:55,600 --> 00:51:00,600
Because, again, you can see maybe it's my imagination, but I think that's a fang in his mouth.

577
00:51:00,600 --> 00:51:03,600
And I think that slit is on purpose.

578
00:51:03,600 --> 00:51:05,600
You know, the eye is there.

579
00:51:05,600 --> 00:51:11,600
And then there's a slit as though that's where the where the pupil is or was.

580
00:51:11,600 --> 00:51:16,600
And finally, we have Machu Picchu.

581
00:51:16,600 --> 00:51:28,600
And Machu Picchu, contrary to what most anthropologists and archaeologists say,

582
00:51:28,600 --> 00:51:33,600
because the Spanish never found it, and it's not it's not the only one.

583
00:51:33,600 --> 00:51:42,600
There's another city called Choquequirao, which also the Spanish never found.

584
00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:51,600
And the conventional story is that Machu Picchu was built by this one high Inca called Pachacutec.

585
00:51:51,600 --> 00:51:54,600
And he wanted basically a winter palace.

586
00:51:54,600 --> 00:52:02,600
So he sent his workers up there and they flattened the mountain and built this city of approximately 1,000 people.

587
00:52:02,600 --> 00:52:07,600
But the more that you or the more that I visit this place,

588
00:52:07,600 --> 00:52:15,600
the more I can see that at least two other cultures existed prior to the Inca.

589
00:52:15,600 --> 00:52:21,600
And again, that's shown by the construction techniques.

590
00:52:21,600 --> 00:52:29,600
This is, you know, probably just an anomaly, but it does appear that behind the city is a face looking skyward.

591
00:52:29,600 --> 00:52:32,600
But, you know, most likely that's just something nature did.

592
00:52:32,600 --> 00:52:37,600
Yeah.

593
00:52:37,600 --> 00:52:39,600
OK, thanks.

594
00:52:39,600 --> 00:52:48,600
And this is a, you know, this is a fanciful depiction of what Machu Picchu would have, you know, would be if it was a face in behind.

595
00:52:48,600 --> 00:52:55,600
This is Inca period construction, like we've seen, you know, it's basically dry stacked walls, you know,

596
00:52:55,600 --> 00:52:59,600
an engineering marvel in and in and of itself.

597
00:52:59,600 --> 00:53:02,600
But then you find things like this here as well.

598
00:53:02,600 --> 00:53:11,600
And they, you know, most guides simply say, well, this was a temple of, you know, or this was a something for human sacrifice, which the Inca also didn't do.

599
00:53:11,600 --> 00:53:17,600
The Inca were not barbaric people and they did not conduct human sacrifice.

600
00:53:17,600 --> 00:53:22,600
Anyone who's heard of the Inca trail, that's it in the background.

601
00:53:22,600 --> 00:53:27,600
Enter the city from Cusco that way.

602
00:53:27,600 --> 00:53:30,600
This simply shows you again the integration of styles.

603
00:53:30,600 --> 00:53:37,600
You have the bedrock here and on the right, I believe the Inca added that.

604
00:53:37,600 --> 00:53:40,600
This is the Temple of the Sun.

605
00:53:40,600 --> 00:53:46,600
And you can tell just by looking, you look at the sophistication of this as compared to the terraces.

606
00:53:46,600 --> 00:53:52,600
And of course, some will say special building, special construction, you know, agricultural different.

607
00:53:52,600 --> 00:53:56,600
But that's far too simplistic an answer.

608
00:53:56,600 --> 00:53:58,600
That shows you the interior.

609
00:53:58,600 --> 00:54:10,600
And it's as if they were trying to, you know, as if a later builder was trying to protect something that was inside this megalithic shaped stone that whose function is unknown.

610
00:54:10,600 --> 00:54:17,600
Although, of course, they'll always say it has to do with the sun and solar solar alignments, but that's way too simple an explanation.

611
00:54:17,600 --> 00:54:19,600
That's what the stone looks like.

612
00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:22,600
This is called the Temple of the Three Windows.

613
00:54:22,600 --> 00:54:32,600
And again, it's megalithic and contrasts very much in style with that, which is supposed to be, you know, much of Pisa was supposed to have been built over 30 years.

614
00:54:32,600 --> 00:54:35,600
And they wouldn't shift gears like that in terms of construction.

615
00:54:35,600 --> 00:54:40,600
Any architect or engineer in any culture wouldn't allow that.

616
00:54:40,600 --> 00:54:42,600
That's the interior of another building.

617
00:54:42,600 --> 00:54:47,600
And this is the Intiwatana, which is the hitching post of the sun.

618
00:54:47,600 --> 00:54:52,600
What's most intriguing about this is that no one's been able to decode what all of these angles do.

619
00:54:52,600 --> 00:55:01,600
Again, they'll simply say it was used for solstices or equinoxes, but no culture, as far as I'm concerned, specifically has rituals solely on that.

620
00:55:01,600 --> 00:55:06,600
These things are calendars. So daily they are they're doing some sort of function.

621
00:55:06,600 --> 00:55:11,600
It's not just that you wear a bunch of feathers and four times a year you come and celebrate there.

622
00:55:11,600 --> 00:55:16,600
The other intriguing thing is that it's made out of white granite, which is high in crystal.

623
00:55:16,600 --> 00:55:19,600
And it's actually the top of the mountain.

624
00:55:19,600 --> 00:55:21,600
It isn't simply a stone.

625
00:55:21,600 --> 00:55:23,600
They expose the top of the mountain itself.

626
00:55:23,600 --> 00:55:29,600
And people say when they put their hands on it, that it radiates, you know, it radiates energy.

627
00:55:29,600 --> 00:55:35,600
And this shows you again, I think you see this style, this style and this style.

628
00:55:35,600 --> 00:55:40,600
And I contend that those were done by three different people.

629
00:55:40,600 --> 00:55:46,600
That's called the sacred sacred stone, which is a silhouette of the mountain in behind.

630
00:55:46,600 --> 00:55:51,600
And this the mountain, the mountain, which makes the nose in behind Machu Picchu.

631
00:55:51,600 --> 00:55:53,600
This is what's on top of it.

632
00:55:53,600 --> 00:55:55,600
That's simply a plan of the city.

633
00:55:55,600 --> 00:55:59,600
And that that is how you see the city from the top of the mountain.

634
00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:02,600
It's in the shape of a condor facing west.

635
00:56:02,600 --> 00:56:13,600
So the design, the genius of the Inca designers was to they put all sorts of visual clues and things into into the building.

636
00:56:13,600 --> 00:56:15,600
OK, that's more or less the same thing.

637
00:56:15,600 --> 00:56:21,600
They put all sorts of visual clues and things into into the building.

638
00:56:21,600 --> 00:56:24,600
OK, that's more or less the end of the slideshow.

639
00:56:24,600 --> 00:56:26,600
But thank you very much for your attention.

640
00:56:45,600 --> 00:56:47,600
Thank you.

641
00:57:15,600 --> 00:57:18,600
Thank you.