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So first, before I do anything, I want to pay tribute to my dear friend and that of
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many of you who are here today, John Michele, as John Martino did, and say how greatly we
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all miss him and how irreplaceable he was.
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You know who's moving up into that slot very fast is John Martino.
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I thought that that was so interesting.
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He's turning into a serious philosopher and I'll be sitting at his feet any minute now.
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John, where are you?
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I hope Suzy doesn't mind about us.
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So Egyptian Dawn is the title of the last book I published and it is concerned with
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the origin of Egyptian civilization.
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But the basis of it is really the use of a new dating technique that was invented by
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my friend and colleague, Professor Ioannis Lyritsis of the University of the Aegean
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which is something which enables us to date stone structures directly for the first time
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in the history of archaeology.
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I won't go into the details of that because I have far too much to convey in a short time
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here as it is, but it is an extremely interesting and effective technique and we used it to
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to read the pyramids and to get a date on the Osiris shaft and to date the valley and
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Sphinx temples at Giza.
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So I think I'd better move right along now and start with the Osiris shaft which is
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117 feet deep and it's directly beneath this strange horizontal thing in front of you here
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called the Kefrin Causeway.
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The pyramid behind it is the Great Pyramid and this is from the south shooting north
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and as you can see there's a passage under the Kefrin Causeway which is this great limestone
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causeway that runs all the way from the Valley Temple up to the pyramid of Kefrin.
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This is looking at it from the other side and that's Olivia.
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She and I do all the archaeological work together and she was co-author of the previous
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book The Sphinx Mystery and she contributed a great deal to this one as well as indeed
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she contributes to all of my books because as I say we work together in everything.
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This is from the north shooting south showing that the passage goes underneath the causeway
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if they unlock all the locks and let you in then you go down this ladder onto the
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first level and this is looking the other way on the first level.
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Then this is the way down to level two.
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Now this is 75 feet and it's a bit intimidating in the sense that because there's water at
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the bottom the ladder is wet and very slippery.
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You feel as if you could very easily lose your grip and down you would go and also
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I don't know when this was installed I think in the 40s by Selim Hassan but these two ladders
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they kind of slide in and out of the rock and so you don't know if you're going to
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go slide from here and hit there and then when I was making this descent there was a
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crazy electrician on the surface who kept turning off the light and I didn't have a
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torch because there was supposed to be a light and then the light went off and we
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were constantly plunged into astigian blackness by this madman including halfway down that
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ladder.
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So here's level two the bottom of the ladder in the background and then they've got this
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lamp that you see and off to the right there is a burial area with a series of niches.
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Now this is a giant black granite sarcophagus and we weren't able to get a sample from
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it.
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I suppose it weighs about 40 tons but we were able to get a sample from this one that
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weighs between 30 and 40 tons and the first strange thing we discovered from the sample
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by x-ray diffraction analysis we were able to discover what mineral this was and actually
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the slides aren't very visible but I hope you can make that out.
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The mineral was called dacite and it doesn't occur in any other context in any artifact
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known from the entire history of ancient Egypt only in this one sarcophagus and I discussed
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a geologist who had spent his life exploring the whole continent of Africa and had lived
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for many many years as a geologist in Egypt.
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He was a westerner and he told me there are no dacite deposits in the whole continent
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of Africa that would yield a vein big enough to produce a sarcophagus of this size.
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There are some very rare very narrow veins you could never get a thing like this and
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so what that means is that this strange sarcophagus had to have come from outside the continent
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of Africa and that means that it was brought into Africa down from the delta had to come
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from the other side of the Mediterranean somewhere.
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I haven't really researched dacite deposits in Europe so I don't know where it came from
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but it did not come from Egypt or anywhere in Africa.
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Now we dated it and we got a very early date that could be pre-dynastic and so we couldn't
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date the shaft directly but we could date two of the sarcophagi and therefore it proves
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this is an extremely ancient shaft.
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This is another view of it.
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Of course the sarcophagi were empty.
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This is the ladder that leads to level three.
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That's quite a short descent of only 30 feet and here is the sarcophagus at the bottom,
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the lid of it I mean, which has been raised and put on these wooden planks that you see.
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Well now this is called the Osiris shaft because at the bottom level there is a miniature replica.
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Well I say miniature, it's smaller than this room considerably about half the size of
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this room I guess in area.
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Of the mythical island of Osiris the story goes that Osiris was buried in an island surrounded
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by water and so they constructed this by carving it out of the bedrock and in the middle of
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this island which is indeed surrounded by a canal filled with water as you'll see.
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There's the sunken sarcophagus which itself was below water and that's where the body
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of Osiris was meant to be and there's a path leading onto the island.
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The rest of it is surrounded by the canal and at one time it had four pillars, four
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square pillars at each corner of the island that were all carved out of the bedrock so
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that the ceiling rock came down on all four corners and it was still like that in 1944.
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This was discovered in 1817, I mean the modern discovery of it by Caviglia.
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This is not otherwise known.
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I was the one who discovered that it was discovered, if you see what I mean.
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And the work was done there by Hassan in the 40s and then after 1944 at some unknown
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time vandals went down there and completely destroyed the Osiris island.
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They must have been religious fanatics and it must have been the most terrible job because
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they hacked away all four stone columns as if they were madmen which they clearly were.
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So this is I think the real reason why the Egyptians don't like people to even have
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photographs.
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There are no photographs of this place available except the ones I took and they don't want
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people to know that crazies went down there and destroyed this fantastically important
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ancient site.
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Here's another view of the lid of the sarcophagus down there.
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You can see the stump of one of the four columns behind and it's just been completely hacked
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away and beyond that you can see the part of the canal.
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Here's another view taken from the ladder looking down on it.
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You can see that it's a mess.
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There's pieces of broken stone everywhere.
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That's another view.
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You can get a bit more view of the canal here and you can see that the canal surface is
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covered with a kind of, well on the screen here you can't see it, but it's covered in
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a kind of limey scum but it's perfectly clear water beneath.
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This is a hole in the wall that doesn't really go anywhere because there have been many speculations
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about does this lead to a network of other chambers and tunnels, et cetera.
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Here is another view of the canal.
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You can see how carefully they've cut that.
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How did they know?
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We're talking about 117 feet below the surface.
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How did they know that by cutting this meticulously shaped canal around this artificial island
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that they would have water available to fill the canal?
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Where does the water come from and how does it come to just the right level?
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This is very interesting.
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There's only one way that could have been done.
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There must be another system of chambers and tunnels nearby where they were able to harness
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and direct a spring and there must be a conduit under the water level leading the water in
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to this canal.
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What clearly needs to be done is that divers need to explore this canal thoroughly but
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they probably have to clear away all the broken bits of stone from all the hacked away columns
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first and there could be anything down at the bottom of this canal but one thing that's
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bound to be down there is a conduit that leads to some other place and divers could
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then presumably go along that conduit and pop up in that other place wherever that
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is and then we'd have another whole system of chambers and tunnels but the only way
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to get to them, I'm convinced, is by first going underwater.
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Well, that's typical of the Egyptians always trying to find ingenious ways to conceal things.
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Here's another hole in the wall that doesn't really go anywhere and the answer to the
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connection of this place with other systems underground is not at the level that you can
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see but as I say it's beneath water.
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So that's the Osiris shaft and I should say that the date we got on the sarcophagus down
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at the third level shows that it's more recent than the one at the second level and what
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I believe happened, the earliest date would be the fifth dynasty and the latest date
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is in the middle kingdom so clearly it wasn't in the intermediate period between the two
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so I believe that the third and bottom level of the Osiris shaft was added at the time
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that Osiris became important in Egyptian religion which started in the fifth dynasty.
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My own personal feeling about it is that it took place in the middle kingdom which was
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the high point of the Osirid religion and that this was a very important cult center
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where private Osarian ceremonies took place probably involving the pharaoh himself, certainly
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at least the high priest of Giza but I would think the pharaoh went down there once a
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year or something and they would have carried out rituals but because it's relatively small
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there could only be a small number of people but I believe they may have enacted the ritual
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of Osiris being shut up in the coffin and so on but I mustn't go into the mythology
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I'm just mentioning that the bottom level is younger than level two and I think it was
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an extension at a later time but the main shaft is no later than Old Kingdom but I
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believe pre-dynastic.
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So now in Egyptian Dawn first of all I want to stress that there's a website EgyptianDawn.info
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just as indeed there is for the preceding book the SphinxMystery.info.
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These websites have taken a lot of time and trouble and extraordinary expense to create
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in order to make further material available and these are free websites and if you go
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to the EgyptianDawn.info you will find hundreds more pictures than could squeeze into the
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book and you do need to see those if you have a serious interest in all of this because
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they reveal so much and in the first chapter I am able to unravel the three superimposed
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plans of the Giza Plateau and they explain why the three pyramids are the size and shape
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and position that they are which had never been clear before and it's extremely complex
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geometry not unlike the kind of thing that my good friend Howard has found about Karnak
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and as I move along I will be explaining why I believe there's a connection between the
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origins of Egyptian civilization and the megalith builders.
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This is a satellite view of Giza.
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Now here that's the Great Pyramid at the top and you can see in the center of the Sphinx.
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In front of the Sphinx is the Sphinx Temple and to the side of it is the Valley Temple
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and we'll be talking a lot more about those.
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Here's this Cephrin Causeway and the Osiris Shaft is sort of up here somewhere quite far
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up and until 1936 the Sphinx Temple was unknown and had been unknown since at least 2000 BC
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and it was covered with sand and when Salim Halson was completing the final excavation
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of the Sphinx Pit which those of you who are familiar with my and Olivia's book The
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Sphinx Mystery will know that we think was originally a moat in the Old Kingdom period
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filled with water because the Nile at that point came to here and there's a passageway
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here between the two temples where the water was let in during the three months of the
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the year of the inundation and then I found all the bolt holes and things of the sluice
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gates and whatever and photographed them and that's all on SphinxMystery.info and you
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can consult the book that this was a moat and that the Sphinx was really originally
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a giant statue of the crouching Anubis, the guardian of the necropolis and at the time
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the Old Kingdom ended when there were riots at Giza and all the Keffrin statues were
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smashed and so on that they mutilated the head of Anubis by knocking the nose and ears
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off which was easy to do and then in the SphinxMystery I show whose face is on the Sphinx which
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was recarved from a stump that it was the pharaoh Amenem had the second the third pharaoh
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of the Middle Kingdom and that's why we have a man's face and it was originally Anubis
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and this lake that would have been around it when it was filled with water is referred
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to many many times in the pyramid texts as the Jackal Lake and it was a sacred place where
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rituals to do with the dead king took place and the the son of the dead king would set forth
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in a little reed boat and sail around the Sphinx and he would take the four jars containing the
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internal organs of his father who was being mummified probably in that structure and wash
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them in in the water of the Jackal Lake this is all described in the pyramid texts anyway you need
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to read the SphinxMystery for that and I'm supposed to be talking about another book so we'll go on
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so here's the Sphinx again and that's the Sphinx temple and this is the Valley temple and these
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are very important I'll be coming back to them because I have found intact unopened royal tombs
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of the Old Kingdom period at Giza but they're not in the pyramids and if you read Herodotus
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carefully you'll see that even then in the fifth century BC he recorded what the Egyptians told
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him at that time that the pharaohs were not buried in the pyramids they were buried on the
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the hill the Lofos on which the pyramid stood in other words the tombs are in the Giza plateau
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but they're not in the pyramids and I don't know why Egyptologists are so obstinate that
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they can't read their Herodotus now here is a diagram this is the feet of the Sphinx as you
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can see he doesn't he has cut his toenails and so this is the plan of the Sphinx temple here's
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the little passage down here between where I think the water came in now this structure here
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is what is so important this leads to one of the subterranean unopened chambers and which is clearly
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a tomb but it was built before the temple was built so we're talking about something very ancient
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indeed and I'm going to show you many more views of it now here we are inside the Sphinx temple I
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should say that we had privileged access to these structures because of our dating project which was
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officially permitted by the grandly styled Supreme Council of Antiquities they love the word supreme
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in the Middle East and indeed there are several dictators who are supreme but they're coming down
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fast so when we were there Olivia pointed out to me because she's very sharp-eyed and I'm not I go
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around with my head I would go around with my head in the clouds if there were any in Egypt this
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strange structure she said what's this what's that hole in the floor this is the bedrock this
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is a bedrock floor I went over and had a look and it's very strange what is that hole in the floor
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and what's that thing in the hole in the floor see archaeologists aren't allowed in because this is
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locked not just to the public but archaeologists can't even get in there the only creatures we
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found in there were a pair of nesting hoopoos you know these slides are much too dark is there
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anything anybody can do about this it looks like it's nighttime this is taken in bright sunlight
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here is there anything that can be done about the fact that the slides are too dark for people to
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see you know I'm looking at it here on the computer screen in front of me I mean we're talking
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about something that's taken in bright Sun but this looks like it's midnight well I'll go on
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that's a bit better so this is me standing in a hole carved out of bedrock floor now this is the
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north wall of this thing's temple and that is the strange thing which I will describe it's there and
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you can see it's got this 20 30 40 50 ton limestone block there over it and then a sort of plug stone
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this is the north wall of the Sphinx temple temple and very difficult to see here this is what's
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called the North trench it's in total shadow here and this is a sheer cliff face where we'll be
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seeing that again in a moment now look here is this thing in the floor they they've excavated
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this hole very carefully carved cutting it out of the bedrock and into it they have placed this
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huge granite slab this long thin slab slab it runs out under the wall and into the North trench
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beyond and it must weigh a hundred tons and they brought that all the way from Aswan that's a big
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deal and then what they've done is they have hollowed it out in the center they made this
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niche then they've carved this groove here and on top of the groove they have laid these the series
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of square granite blocks to press down very hard and they're very tight in there leaving only this
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groove now the Sphinx temple was excavated twice first of all by Selim Hassan who left almost no
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account of it in his record although he did comment on this strange feature and he said it
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was a wastewater drain and then Rick in the 1970s re-excavated and he described it as a
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wastewater drain and Veserung and so when when we were there we had an inclinometer with us
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and so I was able to discover that it slants inwards so it was a wastewater drain bringing
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wastewater into the temple that's a bit like me urinating in reverse I'm a temple so I think
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maybe it was not the temple doing PP that in fact it was something else and we're talking about a
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hundred ton granite slab plus all the granite blocks to have a wastewater drain draining inwards
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so here is the black and white photo published by Selim Hassan and that was the first time anybody
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had seen this thing that's Selim Hassan he was a very very great archaeologist he was probably the
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finest of the native Egyptian Egyptologists I have a lot of time for him and Om Setti used to
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rewrite all his stuff before it was published and that's why his English is so perfect and now here
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is a close-up of the little hole that's left this is one of those granite blocks hammered down in
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there this is the sides of the thing and that's the far wall and this strange groove you can see
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there are patterns of wear here as if something was in there so to cut it short what I think
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that is is I think it was a cable conduit a triple one as I'll show you in a moment and that it was
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used for guiding cables which as you can see were off to either side even in this picture you can
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see here on the screen as it is that something was wearing away at the granite on the left and the
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right is if these cables were lifting lowering very very heavy things and I believe they were
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allowing us sarcophagus and these are the kind of cords they were using they were using cotton
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cords triple ones this is a new kingdom image from the tomb of Ramesses the sixth now this is
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an old kingdom pulley that Salim Hassan excavated he found two of them at Giza excavated at Giza
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you can see triple grooved these are for lowering extremely heavy 50 tons sarcophagi into tombs and
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that's the other view of the same object published by Hassan Egyptologists never discussed
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these but then they don't discuss much these were also excavated at Giza by Hassan and these are
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counterweights the Egyptians had a lot of technology going on here these by the way that pulley you
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saw that was made of basalt which is the strongest stone they have so that it won't crack under the
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weight here we are in the North trench oh my god in the photograph you can see it very clearly
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but in what you can see on the screen it looks like well I don't know what it looks like but you
28:05.500 --> 28:12.620
can't see anything this is tragic it truly is if you could see it you would see that the groove
28:12.700 --> 28:18.300
has been cut out here from the bedrock of the North trench this is the North wall of the Sphinx
28:18.300 --> 28:24.700
temple and this is a sheer cliff face and the groove continues here and goes into the cliff
28:24.700 --> 28:37.100
face it continues under the cliff face that's key that's this is terrible here we can't see a bloody
28:37.100 --> 28:44.620
thing but that little tiny patch of light that's my hat that's me standing down there
28:44.620 --> 28:52.380
that's you honest you can see he's looking down there worried because I jumped down there's no
28:52.380 --> 29:00.500
way to get in there I had to leap and he wondered if I was still alive I guess and I'm standing in
29:00.500 --> 29:05.340
the groove which you're supposed to be able to see but can't in the photo as reproduced in the
29:05.340 --> 29:14.140
book you can see the groove very clearly and how it goes into the cliff face and that's just another
29:14.140 --> 29:24.540
view of the same but you can't see that on the screen either so oh my god well these these you
29:24.540 --> 29:33.900
can't you can't see anything I'm sorry yeah yeah and this is a close-up of the groove this is the
29:33.900 --> 29:39.420
North wall of the Sphinx temple and this is the groove coming out in the bedrock of the trench
29:39.420 --> 29:47.260
below this is I cleared the sand away I had to do it with my hands the the windblown sand one of
29:47.260 --> 29:53.980
the granite blocks to show the thing continues and this is a bit better there's one of the
29:53.980 --> 30:01.820
granite blocks and and here it is coming the ST5 that means we took tried to take a dating sample
30:01.820 --> 30:07.820
of the Sphinx temple but this one didn't come out there's another granite block and this is all
30:07.820 --> 30:17.500
continuing here and this is the cliff face yeah this is the going it's already under the cliff
30:17.500 --> 30:21.580
face there that's a pile of rubbish I swept aside in order to show that the granite continued and
30:21.580 --> 30:31.340
the granite stops here and this is all just sand and an empty well I mean it's a shaft going down
30:31.340 --> 30:38.220
below but it's filled with sand so it would have been empty for the sand and the point is that I
30:38.220 --> 30:43.900
had did have a spike on my belt and I put the metal spike down and as far as I could and it
30:43.900 --> 30:49.820
is just sand there's no stone there because the stone ends here so what we have is this
30:49.820 --> 31:00.940
fantastically elaborate construction whereby they had this very long 30 foot cable conduit of granite
31:01.580 --> 31:09.740
um triple grooved where they were lowering the sarcophagus to a royal tomb through down that
31:09.740 --> 31:16.620
shaft which is now filled with sand and so it's not as if we need to search for the entrance to
31:16.620 --> 31:23.500
the tomb because this is it and all we have to do is clear the sand out I want to remind you that
31:23.500 --> 31:29.900
from 2000 BC this was covered in sand the whole site and it was only rediscovered in 1936 so it
31:29.900 --> 31:40.060
cannot have been robbed it has to be intact and there we are this is once again the north wall
31:40.060 --> 31:46.620
the sphinx temple that's the pyramid of keffron and we're standing there there is that same thing
31:46.620 --> 31:55.020
again and this is another groove on the other side of the sphinx temple this would be the south
31:55.100 --> 32:00.780
cable conduit which has not even been properly excavated I mean neither Haasan nor Rick ever
32:00.780 --> 32:06.780
bothered even to clear the rubble out of it this as you can see is another one but not with granite
32:06.780 --> 32:11.420
but well we don't know what's under here and this is just a random stone sitting there that nobody
32:11.420 --> 32:21.820
ever bothered to pick up and here this I found in it this is a very strange mound of sort of
32:22.780 --> 32:29.020
stuff welling up out of the ground that is either sulfur or arsenic it's a very billy-ous yellow
32:29.020 --> 32:36.860
orange stuff coming up I don't know what's causing it but it's in this conduit which then
32:37.500 --> 32:42.220
disappears into this hole so that's another one and I believe that's another intact tomb on the
32:42.220 --> 32:48.060
other side of the sphinx temple and these both predate the construction of the sphinx temple
32:48.060 --> 32:56.940
think how long ago that was here's the sphinx temple you can just about make it out the
32:56.940 --> 33:09.660
projection is terrible hue notes for next year so you can't really see this now there are other
33:09.660 --> 33:17.260
of these cable conduits at Giza this one as is in front of the pyramid of keffron and it's
33:17.820 --> 33:22.780
you can see the same thing there's the groove this is one of those square granite blocks
33:23.340 --> 33:30.380
hammered down and this is a surrounding granite thing and this is where it ends this is
33:32.140 --> 33:38.380
beneath the funerary temple of keffron the great ruins of which you've seen if you've been there
33:38.460 --> 33:47.660
in front of the pyramid of keffron on the east side and this is the cable conduit and it goes
33:47.660 --> 33:54.860
under the south wall of the keffron funerary temple and terminates in the center of the
33:54.860 --> 34:00.060
funerary temple of keffron these are excavation photos because all covered in sand again now
34:00.860 --> 34:09.900
and here we have the italian guys did this plan and they this is this is the thing here
34:11.100 --> 34:18.380
showing this is the south wall the dark bits are the surviving stones of the funerary temple of
34:18.380 --> 34:26.300
keffron that was this huge structure and in front of the keffron pyramid and this is the conduit
34:26.300 --> 34:33.660
conduit which they refer to once again as a water drain everybody thinks these things are water
34:33.660 --> 34:42.380
drains and this is the 1901 plan by the germans showing the same feature this is the south wall
34:42.380 --> 34:50.540
again of the funerary temple of keffron and the drain there and here we see it again this time
34:50.540 --> 35:00.060
it's standing on his head it's called a hof entwesserung hof meaning the courtyard of the main
35:01.260 --> 35:08.380
hall of the temple and the entwesserung is a wastewater drain and this is this is it
35:09.260 --> 35:15.100
and and it ends under this piece of floor here and it comes out under the south wall
35:15.420 --> 35:22.140
and so i maintain that the tomb of keffron is beneath the keffron funerary temple and is also
35:22.140 --> 35:31.100
intact has not been opened since his burial now this is a very very dark
35:33.420 --> 35:40.700
slide once again this is the remains of the great basalt floor of the funerary temple of
35:41.660 --> 35:49.340
kops in front of the great pyramid now here it is portrayed in a in a plan you can see the black
35:49.340 --> 35:57.260
is the surviving portions once it covered the entire area and this is the the pyramid is up here
35:58.220 --> 36:05.180
and this is the now vanished kops causeway that was like the keffron causeway except it went to the
36:05.180 --> 36:10.780
great pyramid and these are boat pits here and this is another boat pit and this is one of those
36:10.780 --> 36:18.940
little tiny pyramids and here is the same feature of the cable conduit and going under in this case
36:18.940 --> 36:25.260
the north wall of the kops funerary temple which they've attempted to reconstruct here and leading
36:25.260 --> 36:32.620
in and disappearing under the surviving basalt floor portion which means that the tomb of keops
36:32.620 --> 36:39.900
is also intact and underneath what used to be his funerary temple at the eastern floor in front
36:39.900 --> 36:47.740
of the great pyramid so why is everybody waiting why aren't we rushing out there and opening all
36:47.740 --> 36:53.020
these tombs and here it is again in another plan this time they haven't used black to show the
36:53.020 --> 36:59.260
surviving basalt but this is the same cable conduit and they often have this bend because
36:59.260 --> 37:09.020
it helps control the the con the cables you see and so that pulley that you saw that i think that
37:09.020 --> 37:18.780
it was here that it was found by haasen now this you can barely see this this on the left is the
37:18.780 --> 37:27.020
base of the pyramid of micoreenus and it's the eastern wall and this is the remains of the
37:27.100 --> 37:33.020
funerary temple of micoreenus there are features which if you could see them i would discuss
37:33.020 --> 37:39.340
you can't see them but what i discovered there is no conduit here now this is the
37:40.460 --> 37:47.420
the micoreenus causeway this is modern cairo we're facing east from the micoreenus pyramid
37:47.420 --> 37:52.620
you go down there and now covered in the sand if you could look under the sand you'd find the
37:52.620 --> 38:00.460
micoreenus valley temple which was excavated by reisner a hundred years ago and when he did that
38:01.260 --> 38:09.980
this is one of his photos he found this strange cable conduit here and you know reisner was a
38:09.980 --> 38:16.300
very clever man he's the only egyptologist who realized when he found one of these channels that
38:16.380 --> 38:23.180
it slanted inwards and could not be for wastewater so full marks george reisner who was the only one
38:23.180 --> 38:28.940
with any brains when it came to wastewater drains not being for draining wastewater
38:30.140 --> 38:36.700
and here is another photo showing at an earlier stage of the excavation they cleared away this
38:36.700 --> 38:44.620
stuff was which was later in date to get to when they removed it they had less structures that's
38:44.620 --> 38:52.060
what archaeologists do and here once again is the cable conduit now because this valley temple was
38:52.060 --> 38:58.940
set in gravel and there was no bedrock for its base what they did was because they had to have
38:58.940 --> 39:04.860
always a couple of men standing at the end of the cables guiding them and holding them or they had a
39:04.860 --> 39:12.300
machine that was unrolling or whatever however it worked they had to have a stable place you remember
39:12.300 --> 39:16.620
in this finks temple floor there was that hole where two men could stand next to each other at
39:16.620 --> 39:23.740
the end of the thing on the inside of the temple well here they took a huge limestone rectangular
39:23.740 --> 39:31.740
block and they put it down into the gravel bed uh floor and they then hollowed it out
39:32.940 --> 39:41.500
to make a little bathtub kind of thing that two men or some machine could be in to guide the cables
39:41.500 --> 39:48.540
down and they they placed this huge limestone hollowed out stone at the end of the channel
39:48.540 --> 39:53.340
and then at the other end they lowered their sarcophagus after the pharaoh died so what this
39:53.340 --> 40:00.460
means is that micoreenus's tomb is also intact and it has also never been opened and so all the three
40:00.460 --> 40:05.180
famous pharaohs of the old kingdom that you're always hearing their names because the pyramids
40:05.180 --> 40:12.860
bear their names even though they i don't they built them their tombs are intact and they would
40:12.860 --> 40:19.500
all make the little pathetic tomb of turankhamun look like complete nonsense by comparison because
40:19.500 --> 40:25.340
you know he was only 19 years old and and he died suddenly and they threw some junk into a into a
40:25.340 --> 40:33.900
room and that's meant to be a pharaoh's tomb it was it was very derisory the tombs of these great
40:33.900 --> 40:40.460
pharaohs of the old kingdom would be gigantic and the things in them would be just unimaginable
40:40.460 --> 40:41.660
and if you're into gold
40:44.380 --> 40:46.540
personally i'm more interested in texts
40:48.940 --> 40:58.380
and here is a nice color picture uh by reisner of the valley temple of micoreenus and and here's
40:58.380 --> 41:04.060
this main avenue of it and here once again is this cable conduit and this little square
41:04.620 --> 41:09.980
which has a later structure superimposed on it as you can see which reisner then cleared away
41:10.540 --> 41:17.660
this is the little square stone hollowed out where the cable commences and so the tomb is
41:17.660 --> 41:23.740
down here and it once again it passes under this wall you see this wall which did continue at one
41:23.740 --> 41:30.540
time across it goes under there and the tomb is down here somewhere so we know exactly where
41:30.540 --> 41:37.740
the three tombs of the three pharaohs are in addition to them there are the two tombs under
41:37.740 --> 41:45.340
the sphinx temple and and then i found more under the valley temple oh this is once again the the
41:45.340 --> 41:49.260
see there's the little limestone thing hollowed out and here's the thing again this is another
41:49.260 --> 41:56.620
one of the reisner pictures so and this is now i'm on top of the valley temple on the roof looking
41:56.620 --> 42:02.620
down that's the pyramid of kephron with the icing on top and this is the kephron causeway and the
42:02.620 --> 42:10.940
osiris shaft is sort of up there underneath and and these people are tourists and um you can't
42:10.940 --> 42:18.620
see this very well so i'll go on uh now in the valley temple when it was excavated in um in the
42:18.620 --> 42:26.300
early 20th century they found these more of these cable conduits which had been built into the walls
42:26.300 --> 42:32.140
and the roof of the valley temple because they were sticking out over the west side
42:33.900 --> 42:41.020
and once again um this is um it says vasa or something i can't read that
42:41.020 --> 42:48.860
um anyway it's that's another wastewater drain they all are you know every time you bury a pharaoh
42:48.860 --> 42:52.380
you have to have a wastewater drain in case he has to go to the loo in the night
42:54.780 --> 43:01.660
so here once again is the same familiar construction the tiny groove the blocks holding it down
43:01.660 --> 43:06.940
and a very sturdy stone base and this tiny groove these are for lowering
43:07.420 --> 43:17.980
30 40 50 60 ton stone sarcophagi into subterranean chambers now here we are vasashpire that means
43:17.980 --> 43:26.380
waterspout and it's sticking out of the side of the um west wall of the valley temple here now i
43:26.380 --> 43:33.340
know every inch of the valley temple and and i've discovered countless concealed chambers and
43:34.300 --> 43:39.500
secret passages in the walls and i photographed them all and if you go to the website of the book
43:39.500 --> 43:42.540
because there's room for very few of these things in the book itself
43:43.340 --> 43:51.580
you will find hundreds of photos of the unknown valley temple that no egyptologist has ever known
43:51.580 --> 43:57.420
existed because i was crawling around down through cobra holes and all sorts of things to find these
43:57.420 --> 44:02.860
and the walls of the valley temple are riddled with three stories of secret passages and and
44:02.860 --> 44:09.900
all kinds of chambers i'll show you a few of them but underneath the valley temple there are
44:09.900 --> 44:16.060
yet more either tombs or the hall of records or certainly big chambers whatever is there it's there
44:16.060 --> 44:27.500
but it's a city underground and here is a plan of the part of the valley temple this is the ascending
44:27.500 --> 44:34.460
passage that goes out onto the keffron causeway and the you can see here
44:37.980 --> 44:43.180
trying to make it out i think this is where one of the conduits is going through the wall here
44:44.140 --> 44:47.260
and there's another one here so they were lowering heavy things down
44:48.140 --> 44:51.660
into holes on the western at the western foot of the temple
44:51.900 --> 44:56.940
here's the full plan i've just shown you the left half i'm now showing you the whole bit
44:56.940 --> 45:03.500
this is the keffron causeway and here's where you come in in one of these two entrances you come into
45:03.500 --> 45:12.940
the anti-room as it's called you go through into the pillared hall now these areas are all closed
45:12.940 --> 45:18.300
and when we got in there they had to smash the locks with hammers because they'd rusted shut
45:18.300 --> 45:25.900
and nobody had any keys and because nobody had been in there since 1910 apparently and
45:27.660 --> 45:32.220
this chamber here was shot and this is the stairway that goes up onto the roof and none of this
45:32.220 --> 45:36.940
was ever visited the only people who had ever been on the roof and in some of the inner bits
45:36.940 --> 45:41.740
were electricians laying cables for sonne lumiere with their own ladders but of course
45:42.380 --> 45:47.020
the archaeologists don't speak to electricians so they were able to do that
45:47.020 --> 45:52.300
speak to electricians so the the electricians never clearly never had any opportunity to tell
45:52.300 --> 45:57.180
the archaeologists that they'd seen some of these secret passages and chambers and of course the
45:57.180 --> 46:02.140
electricians not knowing anything about archaeology didn't know that they were secret and they assumed
46:02.140 --> 46:05.900
the archaeologists must have known they were there so there was no communication
46:08.460 --> 46:14.220
that's how the world works so here we have these sort of groups you know for the things that were
46:14.220 --> 46:21.820
lowered into the ground here and there are so many sealed chambers inside this structure that
46:21.820 --> 46:25.020
we don't even have to dig all we need is get some fiber optic
46:26.140 --> 46:32.220
cables and and start looking inside these places i'll show you some photos but this area
46:33.740 --> 46:38.620
is sealed and has been for 4 000 years four and a half thousand years what's in this box
46:39.180 --> 46:45.180
um there's something under here uh look how thick this is you know i've been in
46:45.180 --> 46:52.140
i've been crawling in there uh it's it's riddled with passages and chambers and no egyptologist
46:52.140 --> 46:57.180
even knows they're there enough to make you quite cross
46:57.180 --> 46:59.740
the house
47:02.540 --> 47:07.980
so this is this ascending passage that goes out as i said onto the keffron causeway
47:08.620 --> 47:15.900
and underneath here as i said for the first time in my book the crystal sun in in 2000
47:15.900 --> 47:21.900
is bound to be a sealed space and i found a lot more evidence of that
47:22.620 --> 47:29.420
um here's this vas vas or spire i just love that word in german yogan don't you love the word
47:29.420 --> 47:39.740
vas or spire so now you can't see very well here on the screen but this is um granite blocks
47:40.620 --> 47:45.020
behind which i believe to be a sealed space which is under that ascending passage
47:45.020 --> 47:53.420
now here i am um i'm afraid they locked me up no no i'm not behind bars but it feels like it
47:53.420 --> 47:59.740
because this is from one sealed bit across into another sealed bit which also you can't see here
47:59.740 --> 48:06.300
there's a person there who's invisible and this is from inside what they call the porter's lodge
48:06.300 --> 48:10.860
um with the tourists sitting outside oblivious to the fact we're in there and this is a very
48:10.860 --> 48:17.260
strange room that's also always locked and very very strange i could talk for hours about this
48:17.260 --> 48:24.700
but i don't have time now here is this square box i'm upon the roof now and um
48:26.700 --> 48:31.900
this is a square box that's been sealed for four and a half thousand years nobody's ever thought
48:31.900 --> 48:35.020
that there must be something in there it just never crossed their minds
48:35.020 --> 48:38.220
that there must be something in there it just never crossed their minds
48:40.220 --> 48:46.300
here we are you can't once again you can't see us that's that's me and that's you on us and we're
48:46.300 --> 48:53.500
taking a sample where that light is from our torch inside one of the six magazines and you can see
48:53.500 --> 49:01.340
the granite roof there um of another locked portion of the valley temple nobody knows this
49:01.340 --> 49:06.220
is actually an incredibly clear photo and i just don't know what's gone wrong but
49:07.260 --> 49:13.500
there's no point looking into the dark like this so this is me once again it should be a very light
49:13.500 --> 49:21.820
photo squatting um taking a photo with my camera of another end of it inside uh one of the secret
49:21.820 --> 49:27.900
chambers inside the walls of the valley temple this was taken by olivia um this you can see
49:27.980 --> 49:33.740
is a very very big chamber much bigger than it appears and nobody admits its existence can
49:33.740 --> 49:37.820
you believe that and we're talking about the only intact temple from the old
49:38.780 --> 49:43.980
old kingdom in the whole of egypt and nobody has ever bothered to look at it since 1910
49:45.660 --> 49:46.620
egyptology
49:49.020 --> 49:55.420
now here we have um another one of the secret passages inside the walls what you could see
49:55.420 --> 50:00.940
in the photo if it weren't so badly displayed here is a granite plug stone these are all
50:00.940 --> 50:07.500
limestone blocks here's a close-up of the granite plug stone once again you can't see it so that
50:07.500 --> 50:13.420
we have a secret passage in the limestone walls and then we have a granite plug stone to seal
50:13.420 --> 50:19.180
off a portion so what's behind the granite plug stone well i suppose nobody ever looked because
50:19.180 --> 50:25.420
nobody ever got as far as seeing the granite plug stone because the secret chamber where you
50:25.420 --> 50:30.940
have to be to see the granite plug stone doesn't exist so if it doesn't exist you can't go in and
50:30.940 --> 50:36.540
you can't see anything can you um i'm looking down from the roof of the valley temple where
50:36.540 --> 50:42.780
nobody is ever allowed and it's three stories high this structure now we're talking about an
50:42.780 --> 50:51.580
old kingdom temple intact that nobody has ever bothered to study so here i am on the roof and
50:51.580 --> 50:57.900
this is one of many vertical shafts that goes down three stories now you can see each one of
50:57.900 --> 51:03.020
these shafts at one time contained a wooden staircase which connected with all three stories
51:03.020 --> 51:07.740
and there's there's passages running along at three levels ground level first floor second
51:07.740 --> 51:14.700
floor and then there's the roof where i'm standing and there are passages inside the walls here you
51:14.700 --> 51:22.460
see a groove cut in the block which was for a slat for you know fixing the wooden staircase
51:23.020 --> 51:28.460
and there are ledges here that you can't see like here's a ledge where it was laid down and then you
51:28.460 --> 51:33.260
get off the staircase and you go along the passage underneath and then the next floor there's another
51:33.260 --> 51:40.780
passage and then we and i have been at the ground one um and crawled around in the sand there and
51:40.780 --> 51:49.820
olivia came in there well that's the end of the valley temple pictures so you have to look and
51:49.820 --> 51:56.940
get the book and the website and there's hundreds of images of all the stuff that's secret so
51:58.540 --> 52:02.540
this is getting worse i think your bulb is blowing out or something and this is supposed
52:02.620 --> 52:09.260
to say stonehenge in africa can you read that well so when i was trying to find out the origins
52:09.260 --> 52:16.620
of egyptian civilization oh i should say we redated the pyramids i forgot um using our
52:16.620 --> 52:22.540
technique we found that they're too old and that they could be as early as 3000 bc you know i'm
52:22.540 --> 52:26.460
sorry to disappoint those of you who like the ancient rain theory and think everything goes
52:26.460 --> 52:33.420
back to 10 000 bc or 12 000 or whatever it is but i've never followed that line of reasoning
52:33.420 --> 52:40.860
myself and and so it's true that the pyramids are older than is thought but they they are not that
52:40.860 --> 52:49.100
far back but they do go back to um well what we can say for certain because we get a range of
52:49.180 --> 52:57.260
dating result but the the latest they could possibly be was before the fourth dynasty even
52:57.260 --> 53:03.820
existed and therefore they could not possibly have been built by keops kephron and micorenes
53:04.700 --> 53:10.860
because they hadn't been born yet so that much we've proved and they could be pre-dynastic they
53:10.860 --> 53:18.220
could go back to 3000 bc or i forget the exact date now it's in the book maybe 3300 would be
53:18.220 --> 53:27.340
the earliest now the largest megalithic ring in the world is in morocco it's called missoura
53:27.340 --> 53:35.180
and olivia and i have you can barely see that this is getting really bad but um the this is a
53:35.180 --> 53:41.260
huge men here sticking up there and you can't get this on google earth doesn't have the definition
53:41.260 --> 53:48.620
and nobody could can find it and nobody's ever been there and i've never met an archaeologist
53:48.620 --> 53:54.540
a living one i've met some in my dreams who has ever seen the place but it is the largest
53:54.540 --> 53:59.820
megalithic ring in the world and far larger than avy or stanton drew
54:03.900 --> 54:07.980
that's one of the men here is the only one that's still standing there are the others
54:07.980 --> 54:15.420
are fallen on their sides and these this is a ring here of stones this is they've all these
54:15.420 --> 54:25.820
have been broken off um well that's meant to be a view of the of the countryside it's a very wild
54:25.820 --> 54:37.820
place and there's no road that goes there oh god well um i'm afraid that most of the photos
54:37.820 --> 54:44.300
are becoming invisible but you can still see the black and white things um um i'll try to abbreviate
54:45.500 --> 54:49.820
i thought that the there's got to be an answer now that we know the pyramids are older than
54:49.820 --> 54:55.740
they should be there's got to be an answer to how the ancient egyptian civilization came into being
54:58.940 --> 55:04.460
if we're looking for any people who existed before the construction of the pyramids who could
55:04.460 --> 55:10.540
conceivably have had the geometrical mathematical and astronomical knowledge required and the
55:10.540 --> 55:17.420
ability to handle huge stones then we are forced to look at the megalithic peoples and
55:18.380 --> 55:24.060
um if you go to antechera in spain which is a wonderful megalithic remain you find
55:24.060 --> 55:29.340
200 ton stones in the ceiling of that structure which is all still intact and you can go in there
55:30.140 --> 55:36.060
and so we're talking about people who are able to manipulate 200 ton stones and the only 200 ton
55:36.060 --> 55:41.980
stones at giza are on the platform outside the pyramid of kephran and that's about as big as the
55:41.980 --> 55:45.980
egyptians got so we know the megalith builders can handle that kind of thing
55:46.700 --> 55:52.700
and at their city of lixos on the atlantic coast before the romans built all over the top of it
55:53.660 --> 56:01.100
we the the very ancient remains have 40 ton stone blocks and and so we've got the megalith
56:01.100 --> 56:07.900
builders having stone technology and all the math and they could have contributed towards the
56:07.900 --> 56:15.740
construction of giza because they had all the knowledge and the skill so i'm suggesting that
56:16.940 --> 56:23.180
the people of the western delta who are sometimes just known as libyans nobody knows what a libyan
56:23.180 --> 56:31.340
is i don't mean the modern ones and um libya was traditionally everything that was west of egypt
56:31.340 --> 56:38.620
all the way to the atlantic you see that's a lot of space and the megalithic civilization
56:39.260 --> 56:45.580
went all the way from the borders of egypt to the atlantic coast where there are settlements and
56:45.580 --> 56:53.980
missouri is not that far from the atlantic coast of morocco south of tangier and between tangier
56:53.980 --> 57:00.460
and rabat and in the middle of nowhere we had a lot of adventures getting there
57:01.100 --> 57:07.900
had to cross a river with a horse and and we were constantly being assailed by dogs who might be
57:07.900 --> 57:13.580
rabid and there's no road as i said and everybody pretended they didn't know where the ring was
57:13.580 --> 57:21.100
because they didn't want people to find it and i was able to prove from a survey done by
57:21.740 --> 57:28.940
um james maver who's now unfortunately died an american oceanographer of the site that
57:29.900 --> 57:38.940
he measured the the site and i found in a treatise by plutarch an account of the roman general
57:38.940 --> 57:45.660
sartorius conquering what we now call morocco for the roman empire and that he he went along this way
57:46.620 --> 57:52.620
uh and he found this gigantic site because there is a tumulus in the middle of the ring which is
57:52.620 --> 57:58.460
later than the ring he found the tumulus and he excavated it and the precise measurements are
57:58.460 --> 58:04.940
preserved from the memoirs of sartorius a lost book by plutarch and they exactly match the
58:04.940 --> 58:12.540
measurements of mesura found when maver surveyed it so we know for certain that this is the same
58:12.540 --> 58:21.900
place and the mythological explanation of this site recorded in roman times we're talking about
58:22.540 --> 58:29.500
first century ad stated that it was the site where hercules and the giant anteus had a wrestling
58:29.500 --> 58:36.860
match and the site where atlas stood who gave his name to the atlas mountains and to the atlantic
58:37.500 --> 58:44.540
ocean with the sky on his shoulders but if you go back to the earliest mention of the sky
58:46.940 --> 58:54.060
on the shoulders of atlas you find it in ischulus and who is the earliest of the surviving greek
58:54.060 --> 59:02.300
playwrights and he says that he had not the sky on his shoulders but he bore a pillar on his
59:02.300 --> 59:07.100
shoulders so if you start decoding the the earliest accounts of all this you're talking
59:07.100 --> 59:14.220
about pillars at this spot and of course there are men hairs there as i've shown you and this
59:14.220 --> 59:19.580
is said to have been the site of the golden apples of the hisperides and so this is an atruscan
59:21.900 --> 59:26.780
one of the atruscan mirror bronze mirror paint pictures on the back of the mirror
59:27.420 --> 59:31.900
showing the garden of the hisperides now this is meant to be a tree with the golden apples
59:32.300 --> 59:40.700
so i did research into what is a golden apple to a greek is it cruz o melon and melon or what we
59:40.700 --> 59:47.980
call melon means apple in greek ancient greek and a cruz o melon is a golden apple and it's the name
59:47.980 --> 59:54.460
according to plenty plenty records this even though he wrote in latin he recorded the greek
59:54.460 --> 01:00:00.860
word he said that is the finest form of quince and as as those of you who are familiar with
01:00:00.860 --> 01:00:07.500
quinces will know quinces are very golden things and so what they really meant was that it wasn't
01:00:07.500 --> 01:00:14.780
a golden apple tree at missoura there were quince trees and olivia and i have quince trees in our
01:00:14.780 --> 01:00:20.860
garden and we were keen on quinces and every year olivia makes a year's supply of quince jelly and
01:00:21.740 --> 01:00:29.420
so when we went to missoura this is many years ago um before i'd worked any of this out or knew
01:00:29.420 --> 01:00:37.100
any of this at all um olivia said because she always sees everything um i would have had my
01:00:37.100 --> 01:00:43.660
head in a moroccan cloud if the sky had not been clear um oh look at all those quince trees
01:00:44.700 --> 01:00:51.020
and there is there are still lots of wild quince trees growing at missoura very big ones i've never
01:00:51.020 --> 01:00:56.620
seen that species anywhere else because we're talking about 30 40 foot high quince trees and
01:00:56.620 --> 01:01:03.260
um it seems that they are the survival of a quince grove that once grew at missoura and that
01:01:03.260 --> 01:01:08.940
this indeed was the garden of the hisperides where hercules went to retrieve the golden apples as
01:01:08.940 --> 01:01:14.060
one of his labors and then he wrestled with the giant anteus and i won't go into all the
01:01:14.060 --> 01:01:21.740
mythology further than that but this is an atrascan picture of it and um that's hercules um holding
01:01:22.060 --> 01:01:30.460
his club because he was a tough character and um um and so on i'll skip the rest of that
01:01:30.460 --> 01:01:39.660
so here's an aerial photo of missoura it oh god well anyway it was an aerial photo of missoura
01:01:40.300 --> 01:01:50.460
it's got 168 of the 172 stones are still standing and um it's an ellipse based on um
01:01:51.740 --> 01:01:59.980
one of the pathagorean ellipses that we find in britain which alexander tom published so it's the
01:01:59.980 --> 01:02:06.220
same culture because this underlying geometry is is the same as what you find here it's the same
01:02:06.220 --> 01:02:13.500
civilization and this is the giant tumulus and it's been excavated in a kind of cross shape
01:02:14.380 --> 01:02:21.180
the spaniard who excavated in the 30s was arrested and executed because of the spanish civil war and
01:02:21.180 --> 01:02:27.020
all his archaeological notes were destroyed unfortunately now here here's the missoura ring
01:02:27.020 --> 01:02:33.740
again there's that men here still standing others have fallen and here's the ring of 168 of the
01:02:33.740 --> 01:02:42.860
172 stones and here's the great tumulus and there's the excavation and there's the sea now this um
01:02:43.420 --> 01:02:50.940
um the guy who did the survey the oceanographer maver from woodsville massachusetts
01:02:52.060 --> 01:02:59.820
he was able to work out that when this was built thousands of years ago the site was accessible
01:02:59.820 --> 01:03:06.300
up a river as indeed we know now that stonehenge was accessible up the river avon because the
01:03:06.300 --> 01:03:12.460
megalith builders were a great maritime culture you could reach most of their main sites by water
01:03:12.460 --> 01:03:17.500
you had to and this could be reached by water even though you'd never know today because it's
01:03:17.500 --> 01:03:25.260
all silted up but this photo shows how near it is to the sea and there's a river there was a river
01:03:25.260 --> 01:03:30.780
there's a bit of a river there left that connected it with sea it was very easy to sail up in it in
01:03:30.780 --> 01:03:39.660
megalithic times now here's one of major surveys you can see the fallen men here's are splayed out
01:03:39.660 --> 01:03:46.300
there there's one that's fallen and it's this ellipse shape and he's shown here the excavation
01:03:46.300 --> 01:03:55.500
areas inside this mound and this is a clearer one you see intact men here this is the one that's the
01:03:55.500 --> 01:04:00.700
big one that you've seen that's still standing and this is a fallen men here so those are men
01:04:00.700 --> 01:04:08.780
here's that have fallen over on their sides that's intact that's fallen and broken ones these are all
01:04:08.780 --> 01:04:17.420
broken off because there's been a lot of vandalism and it's completely astronomical both the equinoxes
01:04:17.420 --> 01:04:25.500
both the solstices moon rises star rises you name it it's all built into the mesura system
01:04:26.860 --> 01:04:33.820
which is far too complicated for me to to explain now but here you can see the major diameter
01:04:33.820 --> 01:04:38.380
and the minor diameter of the ellipse which are measured and they come out to precisely
01:04:38.380 --> 01:04:44.140
one of those pythagorean ellipses that tom was talking about and here is an old spanish map
01:04:44.140 --> 01:04:50.700
which i found from a spanish archaeological journal of the 1920s when this was still
01:04:50.700 --> 01:04:57.260
spanish morocco and there's techewan and there's tangier showing the site of mesura
01:04:59.980 --> 01:05:00.540
where is it
01:05:00.540 --> 01:05:14.860
it's around here somewhere one of these can you read that oh here's here's the site of the ancient
01:05:14.860 --> 01:05:25.180
city of lixus which was a megalithic city and it's got a roman city on top of it lixus is amazing
01:05:26.140 --> 01:05:30.620
uh well worth going morocco to see lixus but um
01:05:33.420 --> 01:05:39.180
mesura is they oh of course the reason why i had trouble seeing is because they've
01:05:39.180 --> 01:05:42.860
spelt it in the spanish form here
01:05:45.980 --> 01:05:51.740
so there you go this is the mediterranean this is the coast of morocco and this is the atlantic
01:05:51.740 --> 01:05:57.820
coast that's the pillars of hercules there so that is mesura and that's about as good a map
01:05:57.820 --> 01:06:05.260
as you'll get and that took a lot of finding i can tell you and at lixus they excavated this
01:06:05.260 --> 01:06:11.500
wonderful face of the sea god because the mythology recorded by sartorius records that there was a
01:06:11.500 --> 01:06:17.740
temple of posiden as he called it at the spot so it's hardly surprising that a maritime culture
01:06:17.740 --> 01:06:25.020
had as its main deity a sea god and that's his face now we come we leave morocco and we come to
01:06:25.020 --> 01:06:33.900
the trilithons of libya which are in western libya um below quite far south uh below sort
01:06:33.900 --> 01:06:41.820
of halfway between mesurata and tripli but if you come down in inland i hope there's no fighting
01:06:41.820 --> 01:06:48.300
going on there and this is a trilithon structure here this is a whole complex there's a trilithon
01:06:48.860 --> 01:06:53.420
structure the trilithons as you find them at stonehenge they're they're localized because
01:06:53.420 --> 01:06:59.180
there are different tribes along the northern coast which is all megalithic of north africa and
01:07:00.140 --> 01:07:06.220
in in this particular area the libyan area the modern libyan area they were into trilithons and
01:07:06.220 --> 01:07:11.900
i'm sure that there was a direct connection with stone the stonehenge later phase people
01:07:13.340 --> 01:07:21.500
um these are more libyan remains megalithic now here's a one that you can at least see with a guy
01:07:21.500 --> 01:07:28.460
riding by uh one of the many many many many trilithons they're known as senams
01:07:29.420 --> 01:07:36.460
uh in libya you can see how they resemble the trilithons of stonehenge and they're just sitting
01:07:36.460 --> 01:07:43.260
out there nobody has really studied these since oh i don't know the 1920s or so because you know
01:07:43.260 --> 01:07:51.340
libya is not exactly a hospitable place for archaeology and here's another one and another one
01:07:51.340 --> 01:08:03.260
and that's a ancient wall there's another ancient wall another rather weird trilithon type thing
01:08:04.940 --> 01:08:10.460
um you can't see that one very well that's two pillars actually there's no no stone left on top
01:08:10.460 --> 01:08:17.580
that would have had one but it's fallen off or been knocked off another wall this is not megalithic
01:08:17.580 --> 01:08:28.140
this is later there's one with strange symbols don't know what that means another trilithon another one
01:08:30.140 --> 01:08:38.300
another one and masses of stuff nobody knows what it is these these are all very old photos
01:08:38.300 --> 01:08:45.660
which i found in very old rare books um an enormous expense and and got a very very skilled
01:08:45.740 --> 01:08:53.100
scanner guy to do and we had to remove the uh the grid that was over the old photos is
01:08:53.100 --> 01:09:00.300
unbelievable fiddle here this is a trilithon you can barely see it um to get these into visible
01:09:00.300 --> 01:09:04.780
form and they're but they're all on the website of the book that's another trilithon
01:09:06.540 --> 01:09:12.060
um this was another one there's the top stone there's another one
01:09:12.860 --> 01:09:21.180
another one and now this this is a megalithic ring uh with lots of men here which is in algeria
01:09:23.100 --> 01:09:29.100
but once again you can't wander around algeria either to go and find these things these are some
01:09:29.100 --> 01:09:35.020
apparently much later structures found there because libya was then a big place for the
01:09:35.420 --> 01:09:38.460
big place for the romans where they grew olives
01:09:41.660 --> 01:09:48.300
and this is um earthworks and inside are these trilithonic things
01:09:48.940 --> 01:09:55.100
of stone with these earthworks surrounding them unlike the the moroccan side where they
01:09:55.100 --> 01:10:00.060
were still into round rings they they became sort of involved in square things in libya because
01:10:00.060 --> 01:10:05.660
they all had everybody has to be different don't they and there's another one of them drawn
01:10:06.300 --> 01:10:12.220
this is a sanam as they call it near kasa doga wherever that is these tend to be in an area
01:10:12.220 --> 01:10:23.260
called tahuna now um i was unable to find a decent map of the area that i want to show you this map
01:10:23.260 --> 01:10:32.540
of the delta um because um this is the nile here are the pyramids and it spreads out into
01:10:32.540 --> 01:10:38.460
all these branches here as you can see and um this is where all the papyrus grew because
01:10:38.460 --> 01:10:43.340
papyrus doesn't grow in running water it only grows in still water so it never grew on the banks
01:10:43.340 --> 01:10:49.740
of the nile people have naively imagined most egyptologists naively imagined that there was
01:10:49.740 --> 01:10:56.300
papyrus growing all along the nile and never happened it only started here where it started
01:10:56.300 --> 01:11:04.140
to fan out and you get still water patches in the delta now this western delta was inhabited by
01:11:04.140 --> 01:11:11.980
people known as libyans who i'm i was able to study the tattoo markings on their skins as recorded
01:11:11.980 --> 01:11:19.580
in the new kingdom wall paintings and tomb paintings and so on and i was then able to match
01:11:19.580 --> 01:11:27.180
those up with the patterns found on ancient pottery in megalithic remains in spain and
01:11:27.180 --> 01:11:33.260
they're identical and i reproduced these in the book so that you can see that the same patterns
01:11:33.260 --> 01:11:40.460
of the megalith builders from spain were preserved as tattoo markings of the libyans of the western
01:11:40.460 --> 01:11:48.220
delta so-called libyans who are descendants clearly of the megalith builders and this strengthens
01:11:48.220 --> 01:11:54.540
the hypothesis that these were the people who really got together and built the pyramids not
01:11:54.540 --> 01:12:02.460
the southern egyptians which are known as upper egyptians and that there were two simultaneous
01:12:02.460 --> 01:12:07.100
cultures in what's called the first and second dynasties in the pre-dynastic period there was
01:12:07.100 --> 01:12:13.340
the so-called libyans of the north who were constantly in fighting battles all along in here
01:12:13.340 --> 01:12:23.820
with the the guys who wore the crown of the south and here is another bit showing this area
01:12:25.020 --> 01:12:31.580
there are millions of head of cattle along the coast of libya and in western in the western
01:12:31.580 --> 01:12:37.900
delta and hundreds of thousands of head were used to be captured and recorded by the southern
01:12:38.540 --> 01:12:45.260
kings in battle so millions of head of cattle we're talking about an immense rich civilization
01:12:45.260 --> 01:12:51.260
up there where in an area that's now become arid but which was at that time a kind of savanna
01:12:51.260 --> 01:13:00.780
similar to kenya i'm just showing you close up of papyrus the papyrus that only grew in the delta
01:13:01.820 --> 01:13:10.060
and there's another view and here is the shows you that has a strange triangular stalk and it just
01:13:11.100 --> 01:13:17.260
the it pays to know that the papyrus had to come from these weird libyan people that the the
01:13:17.260 --> 01:13:22.940
southern egyptians were always fighting now i wish you could see this better this is the most wonderful
01:13:23.900 --> 01:13:29.100
uh... and eighteen seventeen century picture of an ancient britain
01:13:29.100 --> 01:13:33.980
uh... you can see it better on the website is not in the book i found it after the book was published
01:13:33.980 --> 01:13:39.980
and if you read the old descriptions of what the ancient britains would like at the time that the
01:13:39.980 --> 01:13:44.860
finnicians were coming and getting all the tin from cornwall which they had to get to make the bronze
01:13:44.860 --> 01:13:48.460
using the cop because there's no tin in the mediterranean and everybody had to have their
01:13:49.020 --> 01:13:52.540
munitions industry didn't they they had to have their arms so they could go around
01:13:52.620 --> 01:13:57.100
killing each other so they had to have bronze and they had to get tin in the tin trade was
01:13:57.100 --> 01:14:03.420
monopolized by the finnicians after 1550 bc but by before that it was the megalith builders
01:14:03.420 --> 01:14:08.380
and their trade routes up and down the atlantic all the way from morocco to sweden where all the
01:14:08.380 --> 01:14:14.140
megalithic remains are found they were inherited by the finnicians and so the finnicians became
01:14:14.140 --> 01:14:20.060
the famous tin traders in order to make all the bronze and they described the ancient britains
01:14:20.540 --> 01:14:27.820
um our ancestors as wearing these long black capes always carrying a staff and having long
01:14:27.820 --> 01:14:34.460
beards and being rather surly like somebody whose team has lost it wainbly
01:14:36.940 --> 01:14:44.460
you forgot to mention that the megalithic stanford stones in libya were used as olive
01:14:44.460 --> 01:14:52.780
presses they were adapted to press the olive yes that's right a lot of those holes were
01:14:52.780 --> 01:14:58.220
bored in them and the romans converted them to to be used for olive presses the thing is that
01:14:58.940 --> 01:15:05.980
it became the great olive area for producing the olive oil for the roman empire and some
01:15:06.620 --> 01:15:10.300
people who've written about that have maintained that olives were introduced by
01:15:10.940 --> 01:15:17.420
the romans which is not true because olives from libya are very clearly mentioned in pre-dynastic
01:15:18.780 --> 01:15:27.980
ivory carvings in egypt so it was always the homeland of the olive and but the the olive
01:15:27.980 --> 01:15:34.460
industry as such became an industry under the romans who commercialized everything but before
01:15:34.460 --> 01:15:41.020
that it was always where the olive came from the olive was the symbol of the north coast of africa
01:15:43.100 --> 01:15:53.900
so i've probably exhausted my time available perhaps i've exceeded it but i hope that
01:15:55.580 --> 01:16:01.420
those of you who are interested in following this up will look at the website
01:16:02.380 --> 01:16:10.220
egyptiandawn.info and before that sphinxmystery.info in order to get lots more pictures there's
01:16:10.220 --> 01:16:15.500
hundreds more pictures on the website than are in the book much more than you've seen here and of
01:16:15.500 --> 01:16:20.540
course you can see them very clearly and on the website you can call up a full computer screen
01:16:20.540 --> 01:16:26.700
image in color of a lot of the stuff that appears in the book in black and white and i would
01:16:26.700 --> 01:16:31.020
especially urge you because you're a special audience who are interested in geometry and all
01:16:31.020 --> 01:16:38.140
that to look at the material from chapter one which shows the giza plan of the giza plateau
01:16:39.100 --> 01:16:47.740
and see how fantastically complex that was the geometry we i used the aerial ordinance
01:16:47.740 --> 01:16:55.820
survey maps compiled by the egyptian air force and in order to get the plan accurate and the
01:16:55.820 --> 01:17:04.460
giza plan covers an area of about 50 million square feet and we managed to achieve an accuracy
01:17:06.620 --> 01:17:13.580
to within one to two feet in that gigantic area where these measurements are precise and
01:17:15.500 --> 01:17:19.180
we went to a great deal of trouble to get this right because you can't do any of this on
01:17:19.180 --> 01:17:23.900
photoshop we had to use adobe illustrator and you have to be very skilled to use that and
01:17:24.780 --> 01:17:31.660
we took a great deal of trouble and spent weeks over getting this i worked it all out first on
01:17:31.660 --> 01:17:38.700
paper and and then we had to prove it on the screen before i published it to make sure that
01:17:38.700 --> 01:17:45.500
it really all checked out and i can assure verified all the geometrical information in chapter one none
01:17:45.500 --> 01:17:50.380
of which i've mentioned here today i urge you to study that if you're interested in that kind of
01:17:50.460 --> 01:17:58.220
thing it it relates directly to what howard found at carnac so the howard and i are great pals and
01:17:58.220 --> 01:18:04.140
and we've been discussing these things all those squares and the diagonals of the squares and so on
01:18:04.140 --> 01:18:09.180
that he found that same kind of thing was going on at giza i do urge you to take a look at that on
01:18:09.180 --> 01:18:16.220
the website
01:18:20.380 --> 01:18:20.880
you
01:18:50.380 --> 01:18:51.900
you