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Okay so the title of this talk is ancient Sardinia island of the giants. Now this is

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an absolutely fascinating place, a place I've visited several times and we run tours there

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too now. It's a continuation of my research on megalithic sites and also on giants and we go

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there regularly, we now run tours and expeditions there because we keep finding more and more sites

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there. So what is it about Sardinia? Why is this island in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea

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so important? Well it's surrounded by many other ancient cultures, not just Sardinia itself,

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it's associated very much with giants. This is one of the things which it's renowned for really,

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even there was even an ancient aliens episode devoted to this subject. It's got dolmens,

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it's got standing stones, it has stone avenues, has carved hypergium caves, spiral carvings,

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there's elements of goddess worship, there's even the Europe's oldest pyramid on the northern

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part of the island. There's also these giant statues that are being discovered, holy wells,

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a bull cult and the mighty Naradjic culture who built many thousands of ancient sites. And we'll

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have a look at the prehistory, the historical timeline and the relevance of this in the

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megalithic world. Its location is right in the heart of the Mediterranean, it's an Italian

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country officially, just north of it is Corsica which is a French country and some people believe

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this is the ancient land of Atlantis but it's traditionally known as the island of the giants.

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But before we get into giant stories and discoveries there's an interesting element to the historical

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timeline here because in the Odyssey by Homer it states that when the hero encounters some of his

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foes they're a giant race of cannibals and that's at the foot, I quote, of the sheer cliffs on

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either side. This could have been the entrance to the Goulet de Bonifacio which is in between

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Sardinia and Corsica. As it narrows a windy and treacherous area is encountered and it's only

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seven miles between the islands so the description fits perfectly with the Odyssey and stories that

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were written down many thousands of years ago. There's also the area is quite interesting just

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on the Corsican side, a cave at the bottom of the Goulet de Bonifacio. It was discovered in 1972

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and it's over 8,750 years old. It's a native skeleton of a female. Then the thing about this

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which makes it particularly interesting is that it was found with grave goods, it was painted with

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red ochre and of course it's the oldest human skeleton found anywhere in this part of the world

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suggesting that even the megalithic culture could stretch that far back. Even on Sardinia in the

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southwestern area there's been other Mesolithic finds, not full skeletons or burials but certainly

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bones and evidence of occupation going back between 10,000 and 8,200 years and there are

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different variations on why this would be. Because of the Mesolithic connection they thought

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there may be connections with ancient Africa which is just south of there and some of the

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shorelines of ancient Europe. It was nicknamed Amsicura because this is like an historical

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character who was part of Sardinian culture who was against the Romans but we see the timeline

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of some of the different cultures. We're looking at some of the cultures we're going to be looking

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at as the Aziri, the Bona Ingnu, obviously the Philagosa, the Phoenicians, the Naragic and so

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on and so forth. But really we're going to be looking from really the Neolithic time when we're

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going to be looking at some of the dolmens, some of the hypergium carved stone tombs, going into

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the Naragic culture, the Bronze Age culture and there's a good mix here because it's the centre

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of the Mediterranean there was obviously a seafaring connection with other ancient peoples.

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The Obsidian culture is interesting here as well. Obsidian is created on the island from the

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volcanic areas and this goes back to 6000 BC, the trade of that at least. The goddess worship on

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the island is very interesting and this goes way way back you know to 6000 to 4000 BC and may be

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connected with the goddess worship on Malta and there's even connections between the goddess

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figurines and how they look very much like Macedonian goddesses. So this is the one on

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the left there, sorry the one on the right is the early Neolithic statue and it's known as the Venus

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of Macoma and it dates to 6000 BC. That's contemporary with the earliest sites in Malta and Gozo so there

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could be a connection there. The Bonu Iguini culture is 4000 to 3500 BC. This is mainly in

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the Sasari area up north where the islanders learned to domesticate animals, cultivate wheat

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and build simple shelters. They were buried, the dead were buried in caves found all over Sardinia

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known as domus de Janus or fairy houses or fairy accommodation. Very interesting sites, we'll look

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at some of those as we go through. The Aziri culture or the San Michelle culture that's

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sometimes called is about 3200 to 2800 BC, the Neolithic culture and they're like basically they

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worked with stone in a certain way. They were involved in some of the hypergems and some of

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the dolmens and some of the other sites we're going to look at but they lasted for quite a long time

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in Sardinia and they were known to be trading obsidian doing these beautiful carvings and

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paintings with these sort of goddess stylised goddess figurines. They were the beginning really

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of the bull cult which dominated this part of the world and you can see one of the skulls here from

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this culture showing evidence of trepanning which is an ancient medical procedure by cutting holes

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in the skull and the patient would survive. This is found at Sanorbi, this is a Mediterranean

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mother goddess and this is very similar to ones again we find in Malta but it's very stylised,

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very unique style we find in this part of the world and you may recognise and see similarities

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between this and other areas as we go through here. We also find these spiral carvings which

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were very dominant in Sardinia but also on Malta and Gozo and these are from Corsica,

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this one's from Corsica, some of this one here is from Corsica and some are from Sardinia

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and it's thought that these are what are called, I forget what they're called, they're called betels

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or they're kind of reliefs of humans but they're also sacred stones marking a particularly sacred

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spot. There's also the Abelzu philagosa culture which is 2700-2200 BC and these have strange

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carvings of what looks like upside down abstract forms of humans flying downwards into the earth

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head first so these are at various sites especially at a place called Likoni which we visit when we

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go there regularly and on our tours. He just shows you some of the examples that are in the museum

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at Likoni and you see these beautiful stylised carvings of humans do look not dissimilar to

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what we see at places like Begli Tepe in south east Turkey. We also have this kind of

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weapon type thing at the bottom here which could represent warfare, it could mean something else

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completely different. Corsica is very interesting, we're not really going to have too much of a look

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at Corsica but you do find stone avenues and these humanoid statues similar to what we see

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at Likoni and there's groups of them sometimes it's like 260 stones in one series of avenues

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and some of them go back to 5000 BC they're very very ancient. He's just some information about the

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different types of sites we get on the island but there are a lot of dolmens in Sardinia and you can

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see a trail of dolmens in the northern part of Sardinia. This is probably the most famous one

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it's a Cova-Cada dolmen and it's very interesting because it's the beginning of the stylised

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giants tombs we're going to look at soon which are really the dominant structure in ancient

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Sardinia and this is a classic dolmen it's like 2.7 meters or six or so feet high it's got

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grey and pink track eye it's like the stones have been very carefully cut if you look at the interior

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and it goes further behind as well there's some more rough humed dolmens this is Laku and

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some Monumentos dolmen and you can see these are different variations some go up to like 1300 BC

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we also have standing stones all over the country we find these almost everywhere this is a little

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flyby of some of the stones we spotted on our trip there back in 2016 and incidentally when

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we were actually looking at these stones we actually had quite um you start to see these

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clouds in the back forming certain shapes well eventually they form this shape which I thought

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was quite interesting like a bunch of UFOs flying around but we do find beautiful spiral carvings

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on some of the stones these are concentric circles and spirals this is actually in someone's back

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garden but luckily they weren't at home when we visited them and so we just went around the back

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and had a good look and this is one of the more famous stones in central Sardinia

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the dolmens to Janus or fairy houses is a Aziri culture so they're quite early some remarkable

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carvings this is usually what the entrance looks like it sort of goes into the ground

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but there are some remarkable ones this is actually you can't get in this one but I

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thank Antonella Porcu for stone pages for these photos these date back to over 3000 BC and you

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can see these stunts carved out of solid rock with beautiful red ochre and it's even got checkerboard

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stylized paintings on them spirals and it's got it's divided up for the different burials

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classic spirals much like we find in Malta and Gozo in the hypergems there

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and almost like fake wooden planked roofs we find that are carved in the style of what probably

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the houses would have looked like we also find these bull figurines which is like reminiscent of

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this bull cult this is Anjala Ruhu and again this is also connected to the mother goddess cult as

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well which is evident in this area and you even find bull carvings 3D relief huge ones on top

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of various of these fairy houses or hypergems this would have had a big bull's head on it as

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well and at the same site here we find these sort of steps that go nowhere much like we find in

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Peru and Bolivia and there's even sort of what looks like footprints of animals which have been

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carved out of the solid bedrock where these fairy houses exist you can just see how intricate these

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are they're really really stunning and there's a real power when you go inside and experience

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these now this is very similar to Etruscan stonework in Italy or could be Pulaski who were an

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earlier megalithic culture but we find the same kind of things sort of fake beams and pillars

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going across the roofs here we have these rounded topped entrances here which we find in Sardinia

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and we also find these Etruscan

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small bronze statues that were found this one is from Italy and this this one is Italy rather and

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this is what we find in Sardinia this is an interesting site this is called Crucifix Manu

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and this is another bull cult site with hypergems but what's interesting about this place

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is the fact that it has cart ruts now these have been found all over Malta and in different parts

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of the world but we find some incredible examples here that are carved deep in the ground if you're

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not sure what cart ruts are they're like parallel to parallel you know grooves carved into the

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ground but they follow each other so it's believed that they were some kind of vehicle that would

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create some heat up the stone and create these through the rock just to give you a sense of

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scale here this is an aerial shot you can see there all over here this whole area this is

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probably like 10 acres maybe 15 acres has cart ruts all down the side here all here so this is

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absolutely incredible and we you know the fact we find these in various parts of the world

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does open up a lot of questions that have yet to be answered as to who created them and why they were

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created

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this is uh Salaqsi this is the Dunwister Janus in the northern part of the island but not too far

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from there is near the cart ruts and near Salaqsi is this now this is unique in the whole of Europe

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you know really in the whole of the world this is Monte de' Acone pyramid this is it goes back to

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the earliest phase is actually 4000 BC but it's recognized as having the major construction

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between 3650 and 2970 BC now if this is the case and this makes this potentially the oldest pyramid

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in the world you know it's as old as certainly as old as the corral pyramids in Peru which are

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thought to be the oldest it's older than the pyramids of Giza and it's older than all the

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pyramids in central america and yet it's not recognized as such so this is absolutely incredible

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it's near Sassari near the town of Porto Torres it's a raised platform with a slope going up much

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like we find in the classic ziggurats its name translates in different ways a stone mountain

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or mountain with a tail and it's even got underground chambers nearby which we'll look

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at in a moment but it's reminiscent of the ziggurat of Ur in ancient Mesopotamia which is

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2100 BC or thereabouts and also the pyramids here in Sicily are very similar as well but not quite

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to the same specifications or quality as we find in Sardinia this is actually in Tenerife

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this is one of the pyramids the Blackstone pyramids found all over the island it's not the

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Guemar pyramids the famous ones but the pyramid of Monte D'Acode this is how it began it began

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as like a pyramid platform with a slope going down with one of the flat stones here which is

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like a dolmen and this would have been about 4000 BC and if we look down the slope here you can

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see there's a standing stone this is the dolmen there's also an egg-shaped stone here like a

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round stone which has got cut marks on it which is thought to be like the omphalai of the site

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the famous kind of stone that marks the center of the culture here and it's believed that could

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have been there from a very very early date this site has been known to have been used for at least

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six to seven thousand years these same kind of stones are found in Easter Island and this is

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called Tipitakura this is the navel of the world in Easter Island we have other navels like in

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Greece and Delphi and other areas that have this same tradition the fact that we're finding that

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here in Sardinia is really quite remarkable and this is an aerial view of the pyramid and you can

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see the shape of it you can see all the structures nearby this is called the sorcerers or the

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magicians sort of quarters area over here here we have other carvings and stones all around the edge

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we have the slope obviously the standing stone and all the other pieces it's quite an interesting

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complex in its own right and these are some of the things that some of the pieces that were found

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here this just shows you one of the stones and how it was raised up and placed in a certain way

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it really was a major sacred center of ancient Sardinia and it's really overlooked people just

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don't know about this site and it's really huge sites with quite a large pyramid

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and there's JJ Ainsworth who explored there with me showing you the magnitude of one of the

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dolmens that are at the site this just shows you the upright the standing stone and the strange

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shaped top on it as well it's almost like a cleft carved into it this is to give you a sense of

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of the sort of landscape and the style and shape of the pyramid with an aerial shot

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but the different cultures use this pyramid for different in different ways and it seems like

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you know the giants may have been involved with this is very near to Porto Torres where some

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accounts were recorded there are huge cyclopean boulders around the edge it's clearly a megalithic

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site with very large stones it's obscure bizarre carvings around the back of it we have spiral

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carvings again and we have this very strange figure almost like some weird dancing figure with

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these lines going around the edge and it's never been deciphered as to what exactly that means

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it's another area around the back of the sorcerer's area apparently it's called

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and just to get a sense of it this is such an important site i wanted to spend a little bit

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of time looking at this again this gives you a sense of scale and size i mean it's pretty big

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site i mean the people at the site were really delighted when i turned up with my drone we had

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a good um flyover to get a sense of it it's very dry at the time we went in september so all the

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grass had become like brown grass it was like kind of dust but other times you can go in the

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spring where it's all greenery surrounding the main site this is one of the this is one of the

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hypergiums very very close to the site and this is actually you know you can see these zigzag

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carvings actually on one of the fake uprights which kind of holds it together and these

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beautifully carved entrances this is carved out of solid bedrock we even have stone circle type

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complexes and sardinia this is limmery near azucena so again this is very ancient the same

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kind of date as the pyramid this is a slightly further east and you can see these burials but

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they're actually in a kind of circular formation and it's been thought that perhaps these were

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some very very early stone circles they got transformed with men here making up some of the

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um burials there's also cysts or cysts where people were buried and numerous discoveries have

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been made here and uh yeah it's a very very interesting site these are near some of the

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giant tombs as well in the area and it just gives you a sense of what is going on here in ancient

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sardinia there's just a flyover just to get a sense of it and just within about five miles there's um

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um some of the giants tombs which we're going to look at shortly but this is just a very important

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place it's worth worth having a little look at that

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but before we look at the actual giants that have been discovered there's some stone giants

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that were found in sardinia which one of the most important discoveries ever made in the

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mediterranean the giants of monteprama are over seven foot tall stone sculptures of um

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kind of warriors but also boxers um and different different you know things that they were

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it was found by accident in march 1974 these were all broken up and they've been reconstructed

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over the years it's on the western coast of sardinia here near cabrass and this is the

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actual site we actually went to the site and actually got some drone photography of it

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but this area here up here and here is the real giants area this is where actual bones and

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skeletons have been uncovered but there are multiple excavations that took place here

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it's thought it was the naraji culture who like the warrior culture the bronze age culture of

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ancient sardinia this just shows you the area around um where it was was found this area here

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it's a very interesting site there's many many look at all these naraji towers these naraji

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towers are fascinating we'll have a look at those in the moment but over seven thousand of them

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have been recorded in different parts of the country

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this is how it would have been laid out the site if you're interested in that with all these

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slabs and all the all the burials of the actual statues were buried like human beings

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this shows you how they reconstructed it all but these are you know some of the most important

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discoveries in the country they have a vague resemblance to c3po of star wars as you can see

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with the face here and these are the boxers they're called um don't know why they're called that

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uh and then we have the wrestlers and the warriors there's all different names for them

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there's often duplications are made of these and bronze very small ones which you find next to

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the site this is clearly why they're called boxes because they have boxing gloves there's also the

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archers not the radio show but you can see uh these are actually representations of people

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actually you know firing arrows here's one of the stone arrow that the archers the arrow

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that they would have used and we have the warriors they're wearing sort of helmets with shields and

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so forth and more of those here and a reconstruction of what some of them would have looked like with

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extremely large horns and capes and shields and other such things this was put together by

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jj ainsworth then there's models of the naraji towers themselves which is really interesting so

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they were modeling and creating um you know effigies of where they actually lived you see

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another one here made of bronze and another one the beautiful relief carving and zigzag carving

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and 3d reliefs here reminiscent of what we find at kabeck-li-tepe then there's these betels or

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betels now these these translators house of god this is a you know um uh hebru kind of meaning

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and um and they were like geometric forms created in a kind of humanoid place but they were sacred

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objects and they were revered by the ancient sardinian people the truncated cones they

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sometimes connected with the naraji sometimes corrected connected with the giant's graves but

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they're at least the 14th century bc these are another anomaly that we find in most of the sites

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around the area specifically around monteprama now this is this next place is a very strange

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place this is called beduso this is a hypogeum it's utterly bizarre like it's like it's like

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been pushed over on its side but this is naturally how it was you can see the summer standing inside

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there's like a cube that's been cut out of the center of this rock um utterly strange and no

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one knows exactly what was going on or why these were even constructed we're going to be checking

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this out when we do our trip there in may now sardinia is in the middle of the giant world here

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there's only a couple of accounts here but since then we've actually got a whole load more

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just put together by cecilia hall here's just some accounts uh from 1953 we have other accounts from

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1901 and these talk about over eight feet tall warrior skeletons that were found near porto torres

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which is not too far from monti de acote pyramid we have a nine foot account as well

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from that was found in one of the giant's tombs this is one area in the southwest where many

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were supposed to have been discovered in this city this is supposedly a giant's tooth provided

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by paula harris but actually it's a cow's tooth another tooth was found and it was sent to

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caliari the the capital and the university there and he got lost but again we think it's

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probably a cow's tooth there are various accounts we've come across um sort of hearsay accounts

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just talking about and this gentleman believes um he knows a farmer who found a mass grave of

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giant skeletons between four and five meters tall which is ridiculously big and then they got covered

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up again because he didn't want the archaeologists ruining his farm and his field um but this is

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these are the kind of stories we came across there's a whole documentary was created called

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for the forbidden history tv show that stars jamie thexton and andrew goff he did some research

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out there and one of the photo one of the images they used in the tv show was from tanino murrah

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which shows some giant skulls in the central southwestern part of uh of the island but various

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people such marcelo palastri is a journalist and author of time of the giants which is in sardinia

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he met the local farmer who's also the mayor of la plaza who found leg bones and skulls as a child

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of over two meter tall skeletons had perfect teeth no sign of where holes on the right temporal lobe

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and or tripanning and it was so large that he could actually fit the skull over his head

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the femur went half femur went down to halfway down his calf from his hip however the father

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destroyed them because he was concerned there would be kind of a curse when he was a boy other

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farmers have discovered massive finger bones and tibia bones and so on and so forth including this

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gentleman igina argiolus who's a woodworker in terabla he found three huge skeletons in 1950

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he informed a local jesuit priest and they came along in two black vehicles and dug up the whole

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lot and removed them and they disappeared this is something that keeps happening apparently in

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sardinia these are quite interesting these were found not too far from monteprima in a place

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called subrace these are some tablets that were found dating to the bronze age clearly on them in

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when translated from venetian they spell out the word giants or giant gallo and luigi santa decoded

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them and found believes there from 3000 years ago and they were honoring the great giant kings

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who used to live in this part of the world on the tablets they were called shardana and we know

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that that's probably where the name sardinia came from there's stories and legends about these

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shardana warriors who some people connect with the biblical nephelin when they were driven out

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of the bible lands they may have spread out and could have turned up as the mysterious ancient

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sea kings to come over to sardinia it's known that ramesses the second hired some of these

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shardana to fight his battles for him this was further developed by stephen quail and timothy

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they made a documentary looking at these kind of accounts talking about skulls and jaws and

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other things and how they got disappeared and destroyed even claiming that some people had

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witnessed giant skeletons and burials on the island in various parts of the last hundred or so years

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but the thing about giants why the legends are so strong there as well as well as finding actual

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bones and skeletons these are how many giant tombs they're called are found all over sardinia

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over 300 of these are still partly in existence some badly damaged hundreds more probably existed

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and this is generally what they look like this is from tamuli but they would have had a curved

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forecourt a tablet-shaped entrance stone with a rounded even that square that should be rounded

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entrance into the tomb itself and with a kind of cyclopean and large stones going over the top

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to create this very interesting shaped site this is just one example one style they use this is

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down in the south um uh sadomi orcu we went here got some drone shots of this but you can see the

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curved forecourt here in the shape at the back but if you actually look at it from above if you

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turn it around it looks like a bull's head so we're getting representations of the bull cult

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in the actual shape of these giants tombs that's the interior of this particular tomb

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so you can see it's pretty high it's like 10 to 15 feet high at places and this is dated to around

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1500 bc as most of them are they have massive bass out blocks some are very finely carved

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and they're mainly on a this one's on a southeast axis but some of them are southwest

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most of them are kind of east they face roughly east as a rule one of them does face north as well

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this jj just climbing in through one side here and you can see the massive blocks that make

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up the entrance to this giant's tomb has niches in it down the side like you can see like we

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find in places like west kennett longbarrow and some of the long barrows of ancient britain

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and that's one of the that's the end that's the entrance at the back there and then this

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is the little niche which we find in some of these um giants tombs very interesting site this one

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very mysterious it's up on a um very high plateau these are the outer walls made up of cyclopean

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blocks and these were another giant's tomb and obviously someone got a bit carried away with a

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gun and tried to destroy the sign but this is just another one with a tablet stone

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called in batigui south of barore and again the shape of these and style of these no one really

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knows exactly what that's all about but this is what they would have looked like they're very

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stylized almost like a footprint made of stone but they all have this same design spec they all

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have this kind of small entrance at the bottom with a large uh back you know tomb at the back

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chamber at the back with these very thin stones at the front and that's just what it looks like

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within the landscape not much of it is left most of this has been destroyed but there is a naraji

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tower near here as well but this one's very curved at the back that's what it looks like from above

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very very strange sites and this is what's left of the naraji tower well this would have

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been much much taller originally and there's another site nearby called center bain zoo

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only got one gunshot in that sign but this is very interesting site not much left here either

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this gives you an outline of what it would have looked like and the great naraji that was found

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photographed nearby but this is the tamuli tomb it's actually got an entrance there that's

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shouldn't be blocked up with the great naraji what they would have looked like in the background

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this is quite interesting so it has two uh two of these at the site

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giants tombs you can see the sign there this just gives you a sense of what's left of one of the

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giants tombs as you enter it one of the things about these tombs because they face east the

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work of john burke suggests that as the sun rises the talaric currents would get charged up and would

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would go straight inside the entrance to these tombs and so it could be a place where they were

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charging up the seeds and grains and it was actually used as a fertility site much like we

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find in many other parts of the world but tamuli is a very interesting place there's numerous

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two giant tombs there various different shapes and sizes there's me posing for some reason

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but these are kind of strange these are called the marmarouda's bettels and these are 1600 to 1300

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bc these are odd because they have kind of breasts on them or protrusions like we find in ancient

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peru and egypt and other places no one's sure exactly what these are for because there's

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several of them marking this particular area there's also a great naraji tower what's left

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00:34:04,640 --> 00:34:12,800
of it's in ruins and there's a megalithic kind of rock chamber here and this is not dissimilar

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00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:18,400
to what we find in many parts of the world but jim viera might be interested because this is

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actually very similar to the kind of rock chambers we find in ancient new england and new york state

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with quite large stones making up the ceiling and these are the classic tumor di giorganti or

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the giant's tombs this is one of the most impressive ones kodovechiu and this is up

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north east in the azucena north of olbia

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naradji is again nearby and here you can see this is the classic shot of the giant's tombs

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entrance stone the tablet stone that we find at this particular site you can see it from above

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these huge blocks making up lintels across the whole length of this with the curved forecourt

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at the front and there's actually a sign up at this site and it talks about these

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telluric currents and about how people have done tests here they found out seeds do in fact get

331
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charged up there's there's evidence that people have had very strange experiences here and it's

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affected them quite strongly and this just gives you a sense of sense of the landscape

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and what it would look like it's a little bit of drone shot there but these are something about

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these sites that just get me this i can't i'm not quite sure what it is why this is but this is

335
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about 33 feet long and the stones are like up to four meters or 13 or 14 feet tall

336
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um and up the upper portion um there were other parts of the other stones actually here that are

337
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being removed this was actually broken off but it's being replaced you can see how thin they

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are as well it's a very abstract very bizarre design but this is something we find all over

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00:36:11,520 --> 00:36:12,160
sardinia

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um

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and we even have naraji towers very close by and this is some aerial shot of this particular

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particular site now there's the fact there's a seven thousand of these naraji towers there's

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not just a couple seven thousand have been recorded just on sardinia so they really liked

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building them it seems near this near that other giant simcoe of vichy there's lilogi this is very

345
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:46,880
impressive site as well this dates back to 1800 bc um there is a trace even of a tumulus and

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this is southeastern orientation coming out from the front and again we have this bizarre shaped

347
00:36:53,360 --> 00:36:58,160
sort of entrance here which no one's really been able to decipher exactly what that is

348
00:37:01,760 --> 00:37:05,280
uh this dates you know this is basically the middle bronze age we're looking at here all

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00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:10,480
the early to middle bronze age and again we have the curved forecourt this is looking at

350
00:37:10,480 --> 00:37:18,400
it from the back most of the lintels have now been removed and uh you know and this is

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00:37:18,960 --> 00:37:23,600
we look we're looking through it from the entrance but for some reason they always have these here

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00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:27,360
no one's quite been able to work out because no giant's could squeeze through there there's no

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way that's gonna you're gonna get a body squeezing through there so it's thought that if there were

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actual giants buried in it they would have been placing it and the site would be built around them

355
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this is another one called uh the tomes tomb this is slightly further south along the east coast but

356
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again we have almost identical design there's jj posing next to it so you get a sense of scale

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probably about 15 uh 10 or 12 to 15 feet high uh and there are some you know with many of these

358
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tombs there's been some research done on the archaeoastronomy some are oriented towards the

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00:38:04,880 --> 00:38:11,680
taurus constellation which makes sense uh because of the the uh the bull type effigy that they

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00:38:11,680 --> 00:38:18,000
mark on the landscape some are precisely oriented to the brightest star in taurus al de beran or

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alfa tauray this is the case most certainly of this tomb here and a couple of others um but some

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people have even suggested that the whole shape of these particular sites could have phallic

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symbolism and female symbolism in the same size we have the upright stone with the phallic symbolism

364
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then we have the open forecourts with the legs open for the female symbolism this one you can't

365
00:38:42,560 --> 00:38:47,760
go in we have to jump over the fence to go in this one but the similarities have been noted

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by various researchers to other styles we find in different parts of the world for instance we have

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the caucasius dolmens uh in parts of russia and ukraine and where we have this kind of almost

368
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cyclopean polygonal stonework with holes at the bottom which researchers such as andrew collins

369
00:39:05,840 --> 00:39:11,920
and others believe are what are called soul holes where the the deceased would have a place to

370
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travel out of the tomb the soul of the deceased to go up into the night sky to certain constellations

371
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to reconnect with the ancestors and the gods this one's very similar these two here these are very

372
00:39:25,120 --> 00:39:29,760
similar they have a curved forecourt with the hole at the bottom so we have almost identical

373
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style and design found in ancient russia we also have giants being found in this part of the world

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as well and the linked with these particular types of tombs but these naradji towers um

375
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are very intriguing they're cyclopean they're massive massive stones they have a very interesting

376
00:39:52,080 --> 00:39:57,760
design they often have a skylight lintels going across at the top this one in particular is from

377
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santa cristina but this this site here is more famous because of the santa cristina holy well

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which is date to around 1300 to 1100 bc this is the shape of it we're looking from above but these

379
00:40:11,200 --> 00:40:18,480
actually steps going underneath to this sacred water area and you can see other structures in

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the landscape here as well if you actually go inside here you have to go inside this forecourt

381
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and walk down into the tomb itself and every 18.6 year 18.6 year the full moon shines down

382
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into the world and also you have on the equinoxes you have alignments with the sun going into these

383
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chambers as well so it's thought that they have very special powers and they were very well

384
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designed beautifully cut polygonal megalithic blocks which unlike most other sites in sardinia

385
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and even the historian solanus wrote that these waters had miraculous healing powers all 40 of

386
00:41:02,560 --> 00:41:08,240
them there are over 40 holy wells in ancient sardinia and this is some of the stonework at

387
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the bottom here you can see the very intricate cut steps and designs it's a very very interesting

388
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site this is the top entrance where the sun shines through at midday at certain times of year

389
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and would like charge up and light up the water this is what it looks like when you're looking

390
00:41:24,320 --> 00:41:30,080
out from it so you have this kind of trapezoid shape but there are other there are other holy

391
00:41:30,080 --> 00:41:36,640
wells all over sardinia and there again they have this sort of walls that come inwards at the top

392
00:41:36,640 --> 00:41:42,160
with almost like steps on the ceiling as well as the ones you walk down so they're incredibly

393
00:41:42,160 --> 00:41:47,440
sophisticated people have analyzed these from an ancient technology viewpoint and compared them

394
00:41:47,440 --> 00:41:53,920
with some of the most sophisticated sites in peru and in egypt we get to visit many of these sites

395
00:41:54,080 --> 00:41:57,840
on the trips we take there some of that some of the obscure bizarre designs

396
00:41:58,720 --> 00:42:04,320
but you have to kind of question why go to such trouble why why make them so perfect and it seems

397
00:42:04,320 --> 00:42:10,640
like the geometry and the the location and also the way the sun and the moon would affect it

398
00:42:10,640 --> 00:42:16,080
gave them these special properties that were written about by these early chroniclers

399
00:42:18,400 --> 00:42:22,880
and we have more naraji towers i mean this is just the tip of the iceberg really these just the ones

400
00:42:22,880 --> 00:42:27,920
that are on the megalithic earth google overlay there's actually thousands more than this but

401
00:42:27,920 --> 00:42:32,480
these are pretty much the ones you can visit i mean some are absolutely huge this is called

402
00:42:32,480 --> 00:42:39,200
baramuni sunaraxi this dates back to a very early time to you know the earliest giant's graves it

403
00:42:39,200 --> 00:42:47,840
was in use for over 500 years built with blocks of basalt with massive chambers it was began in

404
00:42:47,840 --> 00:42:53,440
the bronze age it was used up until the iron age and you can just get a sense of the scale here when

405
00:42:53,440 --> 00:42:58,240
you look at these cars and this building here absolutely huge and this would have gone much much

406
00:42:58,240 --> 00:43:02,480
taller would have appointed it's almost like a castle it's like almost like a british castle

407
00:43:03,120 --> 00:43:07,840
with all these different chambers and wells and other such things around the area

408
00:43:09,680 --> 00:43:16,080
this is baramuni sunaraxi this is one of the ones we visit on the tour and actually if you

409
00:43:16,080 --> 00:43:21,520
get inside it is it does get more remarkable and you can see it's almost polygonal blocks but

410
00:43:21,520 --> 00:43:27,040
they're more rough human cyclopean blocks compared to what we find say in italy where they're much

411
00:43:27,040 --> 00:43:33,440
more precisely carved it's just a layout of the site here so you get a sense of the the craziness

412
00:43:33,440 --> 00:43:39,200
of this all and even nearby there's a very interesting conical shaped hill which could

413
00:43:39,200 --> 00:43:45,520
be man-made some people claim it's like silbury hill or even a pyramid this is just down uh

414
00:43:45,520 --> 00:43:52,080
just literally just down the road from that particular naraji tower this is naraji losa

415
00:43:52,880 --> 00:44:00,480
it's had several excavations done over the years it's got some very interesting geometry

416
00:44:00,480 --> 00:44:07,680
within it as well which will which we look at when we go there and you can see the quite unusual

417
00:44:07,680 --> 00:44:15,040
shape of it as well so this is the sort of a hidden geometry within the naraji and the interior

418
00:44:15,040 --> 00:44:19,040
is also very interesting it doesn't look too big here but when you actually get inside it

419
00:44:19,040 --> 00:44:28,000
it really is quite massive you can see that here you see massive cyclopean blocks making up the

420
00:44:28,000 --> 00:44:36,080
interior this is what it looks like directly from above and this is what it looks like if you

421
00:44:36,960 --> 00:44:39,040
fly around it with the drone

422
00:44:41,280 --> 00:44:47,440
and there's been a lot of research done on this and still the actual the real purpose of this

423
00:44:48,240 --> 00:44:53,200
hasn't ever really been understood because you've got 7 000 of them scattered around the whole

424
00:44:53,200 --> 00:44:57,920
country they're not really defensive because there wasn't you know why would you need 7 000 of them

425
00:44:57,920 --> 00:45:02,480
they seem to have some ceremonial purpose we know that people didn't live directly in the main

426
00:45:02,480 --> 00:45:07,120
towers they may have lived around the area and some of the other constructions nearby

427
00:45:07,840 --> 00:45:13,360
but their purpose is still unclear and they they seems like they were marking a certain spot some

428
00:45:13,360 --> 00:45:19,200
people have even suggested it could actually they could be seen if you stand on one of the narajis

429
00:45:19,200 --> 00:45:24,160
if they were in their full glory and splendor as they were originally built if you stood on one of

430
00:45:24,160 --> 00:45:28,960
them you'd be able to light a flame or a fire on top of it then the next one could be lit and all

431
00:45:28,960 --> 00:45:34,720
7 000 could be lit up and you'd be able to have a communication around the entire country from

432
00:45:34,720 --> 00:45:39,920
the tops of these naraji towers so there could have been a communication device it could have

433
00:45:39,920 --> 00:45:44,800
even been an energetic device because it's known that some of them do have magnetic properties and

434
00:45:44,800 --> 00:45:52,640
were built upon magnetic anomalies and so there's a lot of different ideas about this and but you

435
00:45:52,640 --> 00:45:59,280
know one of the things that a lot of people are questioned is the bottom half of the island here

436
00:45:59,280 --> 00:46:04,720
is kind of covered in dirt and rubble and it's been some of the sites have been destroyed

437
00:46:04,720 --> 00:46:10,800
and it seems like a tidal wave might have actually destroyed the narajic civilization

438
00:46:11,360 --> 00:46:15,520
and so people have because of that it's got in all the newspapers about a decade ago

439
00:46:16,160 --> 00:46:23,520
so sardinia might be seen as Plato's Atlantis and even Greek philosophers placed Atlantis as

440
00:46:23,520 --> 00:46:28,320
beyond the pillars of hercules well that doesn't quite make sense but the pillars of hercules they

441
00:46:28,320 --> 00:46:35,120
believed were between Sicily and Tunisia they think this was the original pillars of hercules

442
00:46:35,120 --> 00:46:39,520
and this is just beyond it so this could have been Atlantis and you can see on this map here

443
00:46:40,160 --> 00:46:45,120
how much more landmass there is so it would have gone all the way around here so there could be

444
00:46:45,200 --> 00:46:50,560
many many other sites that would have been connected to Corsica as well around the ancient

445
00:46:50,560 --> 00:46:57,200
land of sardinia even it said that Herodotus and Aristotle shared this view that these were the

446
00:46:57,200 --> 00:47:03,920
original pillars of hercules which could have gone further out into the ocean interestingly just on

447
00:47:03,920 --> 00:47:11,840
this part of sardinia just below the sea here sorry in Sicily a huge monolith massive something

448
00:47:11,840 --> 00:47:17,040
like 40 or 50 foot tall monolith has been found under the water which could have been one of these

449
00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:22,720
pillars of hercules but anyway this is just an idea but the fact is this has been affected

450
00:47:22,720 --> 00:47:29,920
by some kind of flooding on the southern part of the island and it does seem you know there's

451
00:47:29,920 --> 00:47:36,560
been quotes saying it's like a Pompeii submerged by mud there's been many many different

452
00:47:37,520 --> 00:47:44,560
you know cataclysmic effects on this part of the island so whether it's ancient Atlantis or

453
00:47:44,560 --> 00:47:49,520
whether it's just one of the many fascinating areas we find all around this part of the

454
00:47:49,520 --> 00:47:54,560
Mediterranean most of this area is megalithic if you look around here we have the beautiful

455
00:47:54,560 --> 00:48:00,320
polygonal wall sites built by the Pulaskians you may have been the early sardinians we have

456
00:48:00,320 --> 00:48:06,080
enough Sicily we have pyramids down here on Sicily we have even in the south of France here

457
00:48:06,080 --> 00:48:12,560
we have Montpellier we have the castle no man were giants were known to exist all around here

458
00:48:12,560 --> 00:48:18,800
in Majorca and Menorca on the Balearic islands we have megalithic t-shaped pillars on the northern

459
00:48:18,800 --> 00:48:28,480
coast here of Africa we have the Libyan trilithons and even in Tunisia as well all this area here

460
00:48:28,480 --> 00:48:34,240
and so we've got Malta and Goza here so this whole area does seem to be extremely rich in

461
00:48:34,240 --> 00:48:40,720
megalithomania and if you get a chance it's really worth taking a look and exploring ancient

462
00:48:40,720 --> 00:48:43,600
Sardinia so thank you very much for listening

463
00:49:04,240 --> 00:49:04,740
you