1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:26,000 My talk today is based on my new book, Sirius the Sire of the Morty Stemples. 2 00:00:26,000 --> 00:00:35,200 And in it I present evidence that the beginning of Mediterranean civilization was likely 3 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:43,800 much different than we commonly think and why this is important to us. 4 00:00:43,800 --> 00:00:49,160 So just imagine you're on an island in the Mediterranean smaller than the island of 5 00:00:49,160 --> 00:00:57,160 the right and that you could walk from the east coast to the west in only one day. 6 00:00:57,160 --> 00:01:07,160 And during that day you would see dozens of magnetic temples. 7 00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:18,160 You would see them along your path or on a slope of a hill a bit further away or even in the distance on top of the hills. 8 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:23,160 Tampels everywhere you look. 9 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:34,160 Now wouldn't you ask yourself why all these temples were built? 10 00:01:34,160 --> 00:01:42,160 In fact this is a picture of the island of Malta in the Stone Age. 11 00:01:42,160 --> 00:01:56,160 And with this image we have pinpointed one of the greatest enigma of the prehistory of Malta and the Mediterranean. 12 00:01:56,160 --> 00:02:01,160 Most of these temples were discovered in the course of the last century. 13 00:02:01,160 --> 00:02:08,160 And the archaeologists who found them wondered about this number of magnetic sites of course. 14 00:02:08,160 --> 00:02:21,160 And the explanation they came up with is that the ancient Maltais were affected by some sort of religious fanaticism. 15 00:02:21,160 --> 00:02:29,160 Or that maybe it was tribal sort of perocule competition. 16 00:02:30,160 --> 00:02:51,160 But to me this is an unsatisfactory answer because it implies that they use their energy and spend an enormous amount of time on behavior and purposes which were primitive and irrational. 17 00:02:51,160 --> 00:03:01,160 And this to me seems to be just the projection of our own prejudices about these ancient people. 18 00:03:01,160 --> 00:03:10,160 In fact the people living in Malta in the Stone Age were able to build magnificent structures. 19 00:03:10,160 --> 00:03:24,160 The largest of which are two miracles of planning, problem solving and engineering. 20 00:03:24,160 --> 00:03:38,160 That's why unless we solve this riddle of the many temples, I think we fail to understand the spirit of the people who lived in those ancient times. 21 00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:53,160 And I may be sad that if we fail to understand them, it could very well be that we miss an important part of our own selves living today. 22 00:03:53,160 --> 00:04:07,160 My research has indicated that they were skyborechers and that over time they became aware of very subtle movements in the sky. 23 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:17,160 And that these observations were the driving factor behind the creation of the art and the architecture of a great civilization. 24 00:04:17,160 --> 00:04:24,160 And that we are only beginning to discover the many facets of it. 25 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:40,160 I first landed in Malta 30 years ago and like many people who visit Malta for the first time, I had never heard of its marilitic temples. 26 00:04:40,160 --> 00:04:51,160 I visited the archaeological museum more or less by chance because I passed it along the Republic Street and Paletta, the Main Street. 27 00:04:51,160 --> 00:05:09,160 And in those days, 30 years ago, there were showing those near the entrance and in them these curious goddess statues were on display who were labeled fat ladies. 28 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:21,160 If I remember correctly, but they were so strange that they decided to go inside and have a look. 29 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:31,160 And it more or less changed the course of my life as funny as this may sound. 30 00:05:32,160 --> 00:05:39,160 Although the focus of my talk will be the temples themselves. 31 00:05:39,160 --> 00:05:47,160 I will show some of these beautiful statues that are so typical for the Malta's temple period. 32 00:05:47,160 --> 00:05:58,160 And they also were found inside nearly all of the temples even in the underground one, the Hippoutream of Halsa Flini. 33 00:05:58,160 --> 00:06:10,160 So here are some of the more typical statues who have been labeled goddess statues apart from the fat ladies. 34 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:27,160 And I personally think that these obese ones are more just more stylized and seem to convey indeed goddess in symbolic form because there are other two. 35 00:06:27,160 --> 00:06:37,160 And it's show that the Stone Age people in Malta were able to make naturalistic art as well and of the finest sort. 36 00:06:37,160 --> 00:06:53,160 These are the most lovely figurines, the picture under the right is the, called the Venus of Malta and on the left the so-called sleeping lady of the Hippoutream. 37 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:58,160 They are both very small, not more than 12 centimeters. 38 00:06:58,160 --> 00:07:01,160 You need to convert it in inches, I guess. 39 00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:04,160 And but it is something like this. 40 00:07:04,160 --> 00:07:10,160 And I put them up a bit larger so that you can see the gorgeous details of them. 41 00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:15,160 This is too art in my view. 42 00:07:16,160 --> 00:07:29,160 So time allows me to show only the highlights here which also include the authors, which were found in all temples to practically all of them. 43 00:07:29,160 --> 00:07:39,160 And they are typical because the spitals are very well made. 44 00:07:39,160 --> 00:08:01,160 They are truly artistic and they seem to introduce us to a world view in which the cycles of nature and of time were both combined and played in an important part in the philosophy of those people. 45 00:08:01,160 --> 00:08:09,160 These as if sculptured in stone, they want to convey to us what there for loss of years. 46 00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:15,160 And it seems to me it's sort of a sort of a writing system. 47 00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:30,160 In Targin for instance, the temple quite close to Valetta, many different sort of spitals have no founds that they made them in all possible, thinkable forms. 48 00:08:30,160 --> 00:08:40,160 And they were, for instance, found not only in Targin but also at Harjariim and even in Jugantiya in Goso. 49 00:08:40,160 --> 00:08:54,160 These names of temples may sound a bit strange to people who are not have not visited Malta but in course of this hour you will get used to them. 50 00:08:54,160 --> 00:09:09,160 They are multi-snames for the places at which the temples were discovered, except the one of Sucantiya, who was named after the Gagantic stones from which it was built. 51 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:26,160 And also because of the belief that the belief by the population that these huge stones could only be placed there in the form of a temple by giants. 52 00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:30,160 So it is the multi-snames for giant. 53 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:42,160 This gives us a small impression on the basic unity of this cult here. 54 00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:53,160 The same goes for the design of the temples themselves as we will see later on. 55 00:09:53,160 --> 00:10:09,160 Now in the museum I learned that the first inhabitants of Malta were famous, who crossed over with a cattle in boats from Sicily in around 5200 BC, which is the late Newlithic. 56 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:27,160 And then around 3,800 BC, they started building all of a sudden huge, mega-lithic temples and they continued building them until around 2,500 BC and after that they disappeared. 57 00:10:27,160 --> 00:10:36,160 And I accepted everything I read about the explanation of Malta's prehistory as a matter of course. 58 00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:48,160 After this first visit I returned and I lived in Malta for six years between 1996. 59 00:10:48,160 --> 00:10:59,160 And I worked as an interpreter in tourism and as a private teacher of German and Dutch for the local tour guides. 60 00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:07,160 And in these years I got acquainted with all the megalithic sites that could still be found in the countryside. 61 00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:23,160 Based on this experience I produced in 2009 the booklet which you mentioned before archaeological walks on Gozo at the moment the second printing is out of stock, but the new edition is in the offing. 62 00:11:24,160 --> 00:11:36,160 My years in Malta also enabled me to follow the commotion in the local press involving some independent researchers. 63 00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:46,160 One of them, the Maltese medical doctor, Anton Mifzut published his dossier Malta in 1995. 64 00:11:46,160 --> 00:12:02,160 And in it he showed that there was strong evidence for human habitation in Malta earlier than commonly thought, even as early as the Paleolithic which is the old Stone Age. 65 00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:19,160 The details of Mifzut's work can be found in Hankok's book Underworld which was published in 2002 and in my book I also dedicated a chapter to this controversy. 66 00:12:19,160 --> 00:12:32,160 Hankok in Underworld devotes over a hundred pages to the situation in Malta and deals with this important matter of the dating at great length. 67 00:12:32,160 --> 00:12:41,160 So I can warmly refer you to Underworld if you would like to know every single detail of it. 68 00:12:41,160 --> 00:13:05,160 The fields opposition at a time to any suggestion that the dates for the first inhabitants or for the temple period for that matter could be much older made me determined to study it further because all this commotion seemed to indicate that something was a miss. 69 00:13:05,160 --> 00:13:20,160 Now before I present the outcome of my research to you, I would like to stress that my aim has not been to prove archaeology wrong. 70 00:13:20,160 --> 00:13:40,160 My point of departure has strictly been to try and find satisfactory answer to the questions and unique miles that I mentioned earlier and my soul intention is to present what I found no more but certainly also no less. 71 00:13:40,160 --> 00:14:08,160 I regard archaeology as a discipline which today works with dating tools that are very accurate yet neither radio carbon dating which dates the radio carbon isotopes presenting objects that once belonged to living matter nor thermal luminescence or DNA testing are designed to date stone buildings directly. 72 00:14:08,160 --> 00:14:19,160 But they do this only by association with date objects that are found in or near these stone buildings. 73 00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:37,160 And when nevertheless part of my book contains a critique of archaeology in Malta, this concerns specific dealings and manipulations in the past which do not pertain to archaeology today. 74 00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:52,160 Now the clarify this, let us have closer look at the interesting details of the multi-stamples themselves and see where it will lead us. 75 00:14:52,160 --> 00:15:01,160 Even today ruins of temples can be found everywhere in Malta and gozo. 76 00:15:01,160 --> 00:15:16,160 The state of preservation ranges from great magnetic buildings like here Hajarim in the 1930s to just a few stones scattered in a field. 77 00:15:16,160 --> 00:15:27,160 The city of the sites are situated in beautiful locations like Bahria here which overlooks the sea. 78 00:15:27,160 --> 00:15:44,160 And most of them this is Santa Vana and gozo for a close to Zhugantia also and here Rasirahepp also with a beautiful sea view all the way to gozo. 79 00:15:44,160 --> 00:16:04,160 These beautiful locations and sea views and wide views in the country in the cases when they were built in the countryside in valleys is one of the aspects that I found very interesting to note. 80 00:16:04,160 --> 00:16:17,160 All together, 60, 6, Megalitic sites have been recorded which is a point which is not very well known. 81 00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:24,160 And they were published in the survey by John D. Evans in 1974. 82 00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:38,160 I produce a map which has been printed in my book where I have asked my editor to design, not my designer to design. 83 00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:46,160 The oldest oldest sites that have been found and recorded on the map itself. 84 00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:57,160 This is the screen is lovely because it is very large so you will be able to see the names of all the sites. 85 00:16:57,160 --> 00:17:13,160 I have listed the main sites here which many of its are included in the Heritage Maltah website. 86 00:17:13,160 --> 00:17:22,160 And are visited by tourists. These are temple remains which are so small and of which I shared you some pictures. 87 00:17:22,160 --> 00:17:27,160 The tourists usually neglect us to see them. 88 00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:35,160 On the left side, the sites that have regretfully disappeared. 89 00:17:35,160 --> 00:17:54,160 Even at the time, when they were recorded by John Evans, I suppose Evans used his library work to delve into reports from the 19th century and the pre-war report to list them. 90 00:17:54,160 --> 00:18:10,160 And he listed them very accurately. Also, if you lost sites in Gozo, you will see that in Gozo there are many more sites than just the famous Gigantia temples. 91 00:18:10,160 --> 00:18:18,160 So this is one of the true riddles of the multi-seilins. 92 00:18:18,160 --> 00:18:26,160 So the remains of 34 are still in the countryside visible. 93 00:18:26,160 --> 00:18:39,160 And 19th, 19th, and 19th, and 19th, are in a state that their ground plans, this is important and their orientations are clear. 94 00:18:39,160 --> 00:18:50,160 The style of building the layout and design varies somewhat. 95 00:18:50,160 --> 00:18:59,160 But the basic principles were more or less the same for all the temples. So let us have a closer look at them. Next. 96 00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:16,160 This is the Temple of Sugantia in Gozo, the Outer Wall, and it is the first impression you will have of the Temple nowadays. 97 00:19:16,160 --> 00:19:23,160 It also, therefore, includes an impression of the fantastic view from the Temple side. 98 00:19:23,160 --> 00:19:42,160 And this was also noticed in the past, that's why this artist, an unknown artist, made a pretty drawing of the situation in 1820, where the view is also stressed, I think. 99 00:19:42,160 --> 00:19:52,160 If we now look on the other side and we walk around the Temple, we see the front, the facade. 100 00:19:52,160 --> 00:20:04,160 And here it is scaffolding, which was put in place because the facade threatened to collapse. 101 00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:24,160 Hides a bit the majesty of it, but I found in the archives a photo from 1920, in which you can still see the original situation, as it was found when the Temple was uncovered. 102 00:20:24,160 --> 00:20:42,160 This facade, we will look at this somewhat also for the other temples, because although the style is different for every temple, the principle of the facade is always the same. 103 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:56,160 It is an entrance in the middle, and the front curves somewhat, concaven, as if it embraces the forecourt. 104 00:20:56,160 --> 00:21:07,160 And there are stones, stone layers on top of it. The height of which we will see in a minute. 105 00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:28,160 So this is the facade of Hadjarim, and 500 meters down hill, there is the Naira Temple complex, here we see Naira south, also the facade, which looks indeed very antique. 106 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:43,160 The miracle also of the multi-stampels is that inside the archaeologists found actually models, which the architects of the stone age themselves had made and left inside the temple. 107 00:21:44,160 --> 00:21:59,160 One of these models is on exhibit in the archaeological museum, it is the left hand top photo, which is a compilation of the pieces, which were found at Tarsheen. 108 00:21:59,160 --> 00:22:11,160 And here on the right we see the drawing done by the architect, which accompanied one of the archaeologists from Italy before the war, Chashie. 109 00:22:11,160 --> 00:22:35,160 So Chashie drew through this reconstruction of a temple facade based on these pieces that were found, but also based on a situation we find underground in Malta, which is a relief of a temple facade, 110 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:51,160 and a whole, out carved out into the rock. This is the underground temple of Halsa Fleene, which I mentioned before briefly. 111 00:22:51,160 --> 00:23:06,160 And this is one of the most pretty rooms. It is here a temple facade is in the relief carved out in the rock, an incredible piece of art. 112 00:23:06,160 --> 00:23:31,160 And we not only see a facade, we also see that a bovet is a roof, and the roof is like a dome, like a full stone, which is called Corbald, if this is the English pronunciation of the word. 113 00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:56,160 The proof that the above-ground temples had, indeed, a roof, can be found in some of them. We find it in Hathurim, but also in Naira, even clearer. Here is the first ups of Naira's out. And we see this Corbalding, this idea of this basis of dome here clearly. 114 00:23:56,160 --> 00:24:09,160 And the church, he made again a reconstruction, a drawing, which is a reconstruction of the same first ups of Naira. 115 00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:29,160 But we see here what we cannot see in the temples themselves, because they are in a ruinous state. But we see here what we need to envision when we think about the multi-stemple. They were majestic. They were absolutely out of this world, I would say. 116 00:24:29,160 --> 00:24:47,160 Now that we have an impression of the majesty of these buildings, I would like to take us step higher up and look at the temples from above. 117 00:24:47,160 --> 00:25:06,160 Because then, we all of a sudden see that in this aerial view that as you can see, the situation is not one temple. We are talking about two temples. One next to the other. 118 00:25:06,160 --> 00:25:19,160 The one a bit smaller, the other a bit larger, but they are both in the same style. Which is, they consist of two oval rooms, one behind the other. 119 00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:38,160 And they are connected by a central path which runs from the altar room at the back of the temple straight through these oval rooms, completely central through the building to the doorway. 120 00:25:38,160 --> 00:25:59,160 That means if we stand inside the temple and we look through the doorway. First of all, we see that the corridor is obviously made with much attention to the finishing of the stones. 121 00:25:59,160 --> 00:26:14,160 The temple of the altar wall of the Chuganti at temple, the inside is beautifully worked. Also, the corridor seems to be a focus of attention of the builders. 122 00:26:14,160 --> 00:26:27,160 And if you stand at the altar, at the back of the temple, you have this view through the Chuganti Amnord, which is a smaller one, to the horizon. 123 00:26:27,160 --> 00:26:48,160 I also need to tell you that now we walk on a wooden ramp or path, which was put there by the authorities to protect the original stone age floor. 124 00:26:48,160 --> 00:27:06,160 Because this floor is very precious. First of all, the slabs are also 60 cm thick. And they are placed like a true mosaic made out of slabs, perfectly horizontal. 125 00:27:06,160 --> 00:27:34,160 Not only is there this one floor that everybody could see when it was still visible for us. This is not the only floor. It is also very crucial to know that every temple in Malta and certainly the larger ones, like as you can see at our gene, had your him, a neidra, 126 00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:53,160 have at least three of these floors of these thick slabs, one on top of the other. And that is not all. Underneath these is a layer of pebbles, underneath the layer of pebbles is earth. 127 00:27:53,160 --> 00:28:17,160 And then the Malta's archaeologist, Temi Samit, who made the famous excavations at the Temple of Tajine, also discovered that this original floor, the rock bottom, was used because there were indications of herds like they had been fire. 128 00:28:17,160 --> 00:28:43,160 And nowadays we are also allowed to see that there was a system carved inside the floor for catching water. So there are at least four layers of the temple, of the main temples that have been in use, an indication that they were used over a three-meness long period of time. 129 00:28:43,160 --> 00:29:08,160 Also that they were reconstructed whenever the need for it was felt so that we do look at the original ground plans but not at the original building itself. 130 00:29:08,160 --> 00:29:35,160 I will show you now a photo and old photo of the corridor of Jugantia south because here you see the enormous dimensions of the upright stones, the auto stats that flank the corridor. 131 00:29:36,160 --> 00:30:02,160 And this is a view from Jugantia south, which is the larger temple. And here I have placed these two views next to each other on purpose for you to be able to see that although it seemed in the ground plan that these corridors are parallel, in fact they are not. 132 00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:18,160 Here you can see that Jugantia north points more to the end of the hill, it is not too real. And Jugantia south is pointing to a more easily positioned. 133 00:30:18,160 --> 00:30:38,160 So if we now look at this ground plan again, we can actually now that we know about it, we can see this curious situation of this little shift. 134 00:30:39,160 --> 00:30:52,160 You might think that this was done out of sloppiness or because it was not important, but my research has shown that this in fact was deliberate. 135 00:30:52,160 --> 00:31:17,160 The aerial view of the NIDRA complex is interesting for a similar reason. First of all we see that the ground plans are have similar design as Jugantia, these two oval rooms intersected by the central path. 136 00:31:17,160 --> 00:31:32,160 Also that there is a clear shift in temple orientations. The very small temple here near me, originally consisted also of two oval rooms, the front one has disappeared. 137 00:31:32,160 --> 00:32:01,160 The dispointing to a vestily direction. The middle temple is pointing to an eastily direction and the south temple, which we see here, is one of the miracles of Malta. It points exactly to east. 138 00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:17,160 But the situation at NIDRA later on and not just about NIDRA south as this east pointing temple is called the south temple. 139 00:32:17,160 --> 00:32:40,160 The question arises is it legitimate to look at the sky for an answer to this curious shift in orientations and also when we keep in mind that the view from all of the temples was originally free. 140 00:32:40,160 --> 00:32:51,160 I would like to show you at the situation of Hadjarim, which is a difficult situation to prove. 141 00:32:51,160 --> 00:33:05,160 Because we have seen NIDRA, which is near the coast, you can see here with the beautiful view, etc. There are temples at which this is not quite apparent, but I have discovered something at Hadjarim. 142 00:33:05,160 --> 00:33:12,160 This is the ground plan of Hadjarim and we see here the main temple. 143 00:33:12,160 --> 00:33:22,160 That's this work. Yes, the main temple is this part of the building on the right hand side of the ground plan. 144 00:33:22,160 --> 00:33:37,160 You see here the two oval rooms behind each other intersected by the corridor. This oval room was reconstructed during the temple period. 145 00:33:37,160 --> 00:33:50,160 There were doorways to the annexes that were later built. The original old temple of Hadjarim or the big temple of Hadjarim is the one here at the right hand side. 146 00:33:50,160 --> 00:34:05,160 Now if we look through the corridor, that is we stand at the back and we look towards the southeast. We see in the distance trees. 147 00:34:05,160 --> 00:34:17,160 These trees have been there for a long time, so nobody has noticed that if you imagine that these trees are not there, actually this temple has a sea view. 148 00:34:17,160 --> 00:34:31,160 The trees are on the car park and are behind a robber wall and lucky enough, the car park of the Visitor Center has not been built up. 149 00:34:31,160 --> 00:34:45,160 The Visitor Center itself was by chance built to the side of it. So if you stand on the car park and you look back, you see the robber wall and you see the facade of the well under the tent. 150 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:59,160 There is the facade of Hadjarim. Nowadays these precious buildings are protected against the weather. Two of them at least, three of them hadjarim, Naira and Tarjim. 151 00:34:59,160 --> 00:35:06,160 There are plans to also cover as you can see here, but it has not been affected here. 152 00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:19,160 So from the car park we see the facade of Hadjarim without any doubt. And then when you stand at the same location and turn 180 degrees, so you look the other way. 153 00:35:19,160 --> 00:35:29,160 You look through the valley actually and you see the sea in the distance which is near the blue grotto incredible. I've never noticed before, only discovered it recently. 154 00:35:29,160 --> 00:35:44,160 So this is important for reasons that we will understand later on because now we know that the view was free and it was actually towards the natural sea horizon. 155 00:35:44,160 --> 00:36:01,160 The situation at Tarjim is the same. Nowadays the Tarjim temple complex is surrounded by buildings, the buildings of the village of Tarjim itself, and you cannot see anything. 156 00:36:01,160 --> 00:36:13,160 But there are all photographs, this one was taken by Oulini himself, the Italian. And here you see a little bit how the situation might have been in prehistory. 157 00:36:13,160 --> 00:36:30,160 First of all, some books, written in the 19th century mentioned that you could have looked from the power area all the way to the Hadjarim hill. 158 00:36:30,160 --> 00:36:45,160 And that will have been the reason why this location was chosen for the temple. So it does not look towards the sea, but over the plain of Malta as far as you can look. 159 00:36:45,160 --> 00:37:05,160 This is the corridor of the middle temple of Tarjim. I go back for a minute because here we see that the Tarjim complex is very original. It also consists of several temples, one behind the other. 160 00:37:05,160 --> 00:37:23,160 But these, there are four of them. There is the little one here. There is the East temple. There is the South temple on the middle temple which joins the, which joined at the later stage, the East temple and the South temple. 161 00:37:23,160 --> 00:37:40,160 You can walk through the whole complex. There is no wall between the temples. But they were built at several stages. The small temple here is the oldest, not only in my book, but in everybody's book. 162 00:37:40,160 --> 00:37:50,160 Then the East temple is the next oldest. And then the South temple was built and the space in between was filled up later on. 163 00:37:50,160 --> 00:37:58,160 And we are looking through the corridor of this middle temple, the temple in between linking the south and the East temple. 164 00:37:58,160 --> 00:38:22,160 I also found that after the middle temple was built, one of the offices, the left part of the south temple was demolished. And it was demolished during the so-nage to make the view free for the new temple. 165 00:38:22,160 --> 00:38:38,160 So this is a fascinating situation. Here, the floors also are up to one meter thick. And here it was discovered that there was a rock bottom use of the temple floors. 166 00:38:38,160 --> 00:39:05,160 So now we have many riddles and questions to answer. And I think we have also all the ingredients to allow us to make a rational guess or a rational conclusion. 167 00:39:05,160 --> 00:39:20,160 First, we need to ask, is it legitimate to look at the sky for an answer to all the questions that have to be answered? 168 00:39:20,160 --> 00:39:42,160 First of all, the artifacts in the museum, which point to the sky. This is one of them is a tall artist stone, which has been interpreted as a depiction of the moon and the stars, although it has not been deciphered. 169 00:39:42,160 --> 00:40:00,160 Then there is the so-called solar wheel from Hadjarim to the right and on top tiny figurine found at the Shara circle, one among many of these figurines that look up. 170 00:40:00,160 --> 00:40:13,160 So I have called it the stargazing figurine of the stone circle of gozo. This is only one indication that we may ourselves look up for an answer. 171 00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:32,160 There is another far more complicated and fascinating reason why the solution to the multi-stampels in igmas lies in the sky. And this is the temple of the Miraculous Temple, I would say, of Nightarassat. 172 00:40:32,160 --> 00:40:50,160 Here we look from the inside to the outside. Nightarassat, as I mentioned, is orientated to east, but just slightly off to east. 173 00:40:50,160 --> 00:41:05,160 So the reason why it is slightly off, I will show you in a minute, that the sunrise of the day of the equinoxes. 174 00:41:05,160 --> 00:41:19,160 So at the morning that the day of the equinoxes, the sun shines when it rises above the hill straight into the temple. We see it here. 175 00:41:19,160 --> 00:41:29,160 So precisely that even archaeologists are now convinced that this was delivered and not by chance. 176 00:41:29,160 --> 00:41:45,160 So this is a miracle of precision because the temple does not overlook the sea, but points towards the slope of the hill on which it was built. 177 00:41:45,160 --> 00:41:56,160 So only about half an hour after sunrise when the sun has climbed up above the rim of the hill, the light enters the temple. 178 00:41:56,160 --> 00:42:07,160 This time delay for the light show inside the temple is the reason why it was not orientated towards east. 179 00:42:07,160 --> 00:42:21,160 But slightly off and in order to accomplish the light show with precision, they had to really go out of the way to make measurements to make this happen at all. 180 00:42:21,160 --> 00:42:30,160 They could have made it easier for themselves by building the temple in a location from which it would overlook the true horizon. 181 00:42:30,160 --> 00:42:37,160 Because then you simply could orientate it to the east, which is easier. 182 00:42:37,160 --> 00:42:49,160 But for some mysterious reason they didn't, could it be that they built the south temple in this location because for some reason they wanted it close to the middle temple? 183 00:42:49,160 --> 00:43:00,160 If this is so, the middle temple was built first and this is a thought which we will need further exploration and we will come back to it. 184 00:43:00,160 --> 00:43:09,160 At Nightra South, the temple built it celebrated all the seasons. So a unique situation. 185 00:43:10,160 --> 00:43:19,160 So this is the sun light as it falls through the entrance at the morning of the equinoxes. 186 00:43:19,160 --> 00:43:27,160 But there is also a light display on the morning of the summer solstice. 187 00:43:27,160 --> 00:43:56,160 On the 21st of December the sun shines through the entrance, although it is made of huge slabs of stone, was placed so precisely in a way that the left side of the portal and the right side of the portal together left a slit or an opening for the sun. 188 00:43:56,160 --> 00:44:16,160 To fall to shine through and make a light show on stone which was purposely placed inside the first overroom of the temple on the right hand side of the entrance if you walk into it. 189 00:44:16,160 --> 00:44:32,160 And this is the image that the sun produces even without a roof imagine how impressive this light display would have been if the roof was still there. 190 00:44:32,160 --> 00:44:51,160 Now the reverse is also through this is a situation on the other side of the first room when you look outside on the morning during the morning of the sunrise of the 21st of June. 191 00:44:51,160 --> 00:45:14,160 The sun is allowed by the doorway to shine through it just enough to leave the same projection on a stone which is a mirror of the mirror image of the other stone for the winter solstice. 192 00:45:14,160 --> 00:45:21,160 The flagship of this light is caused by the fact that part of the lindlestone is missing. 193 00:45:21,160 --> 00:45:35,160 So in the original condition the temple was in the stripe would be similar as the one which was projected by the winter solstice sun. 194 00:45:36,160 --> 00:45:50,160 So this is after half an hour the light display fades away over the floor and points then to the entrance it is really fascinating. 195 00:45:51,160 --> 00:46:19,160 And here is a drawing of the situation. The the broad line is the equinox sunlight. This is the summer solstice which falls on the rim of this summer solstice stone and the winter solstice reduces a light projection on the winter solstice stone as it now has been called. 196 00:46:19,160 --> 00:46:37,160 This all all mainstream accepted by all archaeologists. There is no one who doubts the purpose on the intent behind this temple. 197 00:46:37,160 --> 00:46:51,160 Now neither of us out therefore it has proven to everybody who investigates the temples that it is legitimate to look at the sky. 198 00:46:51,160 --> 00:47:03,160 And there were investigators, 40 years ago, who measured the asimots, the compost directions of all the other temples too and they produced this diagram. 199 00:47:03,160 --> 00:47:10,160 Here we see that the orientations are very interesting. They are in two clusters. 200 00:47:10,160 --> 00:47:24,160 So there is a cluster of temples, temple orientations which point to a point to south east on the horizon and there is a cluster that point to south west. 201 00:47:25,160 --> 00:47:49,160 And the cluster was so obvious that they calculated that this was the most of been a mechanism which was the cause for these obvious clusters. 202 00:47:49,160 --> 00:48:05,160 This is what Aljuis and Ventura, the researchers found and I read it aloud. In view of the apparent clustering, we decided to carry out a simple statistical analysis of the available data. 203 00:48:05,160 --> 00:48:15,160 A geeseware test showed that the probability that the above distribution of alzimots should occur by chance is less than one in a thousand. 204 00:48:15,160 --> 00:48:19,160 That means there must have been a purpose behind it. 205 00:48:19,160 --> 00:48:27,160 This implied that some factor was influenced by a house influence the choice of orientation of the temples. 206 00:48:28,160 --> 00:48:44,160 Now, Adjuis and Ventura never found that factor. The reason is why they adhered to the dating of the temple period in Malta which is, as I told you before, 382225 on the BC. 207 00:48:44,160 --> 00:48:59,160 If you adhere to that time period, you find only several possible candidate stars to which the temples could have been orientated towards. 208 00:48:59,160 --> 00:49:11,160 As you'd also mentioned, that they looked at stars because these clusters of orientations, as you'd you, are outside the range of the sunrise or sunset along the horizon. 209 00:49:11,160 --> 00:49:18,160 So the sun was out of the question and the moon too. So then you have to look at stars. 210 00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:40,160 If you find several stars for a culture which is so obviously a unity in style and intent and purpose, then it is not very satisfactory to come up with several stars as a solution for your orientations. 211 00:49:40,160 --> 00:49:51,160 And this problem was seen on that's why somebody's searcher have preferred to then not look at the corridors themselves but crossways. 212 00:49:51,160 --> 00:49:56,160 And found that some of the temples indeed show a light display during the winter solces. 213 00:49:56,160 --> 00:50:09,160 In my view, this too does not solve the orientation of the temples because if you want to solve these, you need to look at the corridors, at the proper direction of the corridors themselves. 214 00:50:09,160 --> 00:50:13,160 No. 215 00:50:13,160 --> 00:50:19,160 I decided to ask myself this question. 216 00:50:19,160 --> 00:50:31,160 In view of the unity of the multi-stemple culture, could there have been just one star which came into the line of sight of all the temples at some point in time? 217 00:50:31,160 --> 00:50:35,160 And the answer was yes, there was one. 218 00:50:35,160 --> 00:50:47,160 It was one that could happen, not having more befitting the majesty of the multi-stemples in their Mediterranean setting. 219 00:50:47,160 --> 00:50:57,160 It appear to be serious, according to my research and only serious. 220 00:50:57,160 --> 00:51:20,160 But before I explain what the implications is, I briefly have to walk you through a mechanism in the sky, a factor which all researchers are aware of, which is called precession, which makes the stars to shift. 221 00:51:20,160 --> 00:51:24,160 This is called the precession of the equinoxes. 222 00:51:24,160 --> 00:51:29,160 I suppose most of you will be aware of this movement. 223 00:51:29,160 --> 00:51:31,160 It is hardly visible. 224 00:51:31,160 --> 00:51:46,160 You can only see it over several hundred years of time before you shift can be noticed. 225 00:51:46,160 --> 00:52:01,160 So because of this shift of the stars, the stars can also be used as a dating point. 226 00:52:01,160 --> 00:52:10,160 I checked all the major stars and none of them passed all the temples at some point in time. 227 00:52:10,160 --> 00:52:19,160 The only one who passed all the temple access who had been investigated was serious. 228 00:52:19,160 --> 00:52:31,160 Now the serious precession curve appears on the latitude of multi. 229 00:52:31,160 --> 00:52:46,160 So the serious appears on the latitude of multi for the first time after a period of long invisibility for the first time in 9,000 and around 200 or 300 BC. 230 00:52:46,160 --> 00:52:53,160 And then it progressively moves towards the east. 231 00:52:53,160 --> 00:52:59,160 This is the curve of serious invisibility in multi. 232 00:52:59,160 --> 00:53:11,160 And here we see this first appearance of serious in the sky at 9,150 BC where it can be seen with the naked eye quite comfortably. 233 00:53:11,160 --> 00:53:18,160 Now as it happens, this is exactly the asimout, the compass direction, 234 00:53:18,160 --> 00:53:48,160 at which the old temple of hajjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 235 00:53:48,160 --> 00:54:18,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 236 00:54:18,160 --> 00:54:48,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 237 00:54:48,160 --> 00:55:18,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 238 00:55:18,160 --> 00:55:48,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 239 00:55:48,160 --> 00:56:18,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 240 00:56:18,160 --> 00:56:48,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 241 00:56:48,160 --> 00:57:18,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 242 00:57:18,160 --> 00:57:48,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 243 00:57:48,160 --> 00:58:18,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 244 00:58:18,160 --> 00:58:48,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 245 00:58:48,160 --> 00:59:18,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 246 00:59:18,160 --> 00:59:48,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 247 00:59:48,160 --> 01:00:00:18,160 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj 248 01:00:18,160 --> 01:00:35,260 jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj