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My most recent research in Turkey is to try and find the influences that came to bear

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on the construction of Gabbacli Tepe sometime around 9,000 to 9,500 BC.

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But also to see its impact upon civilisation and religion and mythology that came from

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that into the later ages within Somalia, Babylon, Syria, places like this, and Persia

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and try and then backtrack and see how the whole thing fits together.

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The reason why large stones were used for this so-called monumental architecture is ultimately

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an enigma, it's a mystery.

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And Gabbacli Tepe is the first time that this appears.

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It's the oldest, recorded or accepted monument anywhere in the world where this type

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of architecture was used.

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And you have to ask yourself, why was this sudden change from using cave environments for

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religious or shamanic purposes to suddenly using these huge structures?

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Because I was like they were super-sizing.

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And the answer seems to be that something must have happened, something constant to change.

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They are whole thought processes.

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And my personal belief is that they were in an age that followed a major catastrophe that

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affected large parts of the earth.

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And they were essentially in fear that if they did not do something extra special, then

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these bad things that happened in the world would come back again.

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I think Gabbacli Tepe was probably used by initiates or entrances, as I call them,

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those that enter inside the different enclosures and monuments that are there.

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I think that they were interfaces between two different worlds, the world that we live in,

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the so-called liminal world or the spiritual dimension.

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And that they used the stones, the symbolism on them, the carvings, the placement,

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the arrangement, the shapes, the sizes to get them into the right state of mind.

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You know, add into this different other type of shamanic practices, which may have been

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well, psychotropic drugs, drumming, ecstatic dance, and things like this, all of which

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would have helped create an altered state of consciousness where they would have

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quite literally been able to jump between this visible reality into another one that

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they believed existed just beyond the veil.

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And I think that that's what they were used for.

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In particular, the twin central pillars that exist within the middle of all of the large

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enclosures at Gabbacli Tepe.

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The oldest dated evidence, Gabbacli Tepe, as it stands, comes from two separate sources.

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One is the different types of mostly flint and obsidian tools that have been discovered.

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And the other is radiocarbon dating of organic matter that's been retrieved from the

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various enclosures.

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And what this has shown is that the oldest structures were built probably around 9,409,500

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BC.

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And that the other enclosures were built very gradually over a period of around 1500

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years through until around 8,000 BC.

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When the final structures were decommissioned and the place was covered over finally,

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however, this important point out that the earliest structures were built on the bedrock,

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on the summit of the mountain itself.

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And this time soil was imported from somewhere else, somewhere down the plain below,

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and broke up to the site to cover over the first of the enclosures that were built.

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Now a lot of the construction is difficult to ascertain.

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It might have been 50 years, 100 years, 150, maybe even 200 or more.

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But they were then covered over.

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And then other structures were built directly on top of those.

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And then they were covered over and then more were put on.

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And the interest in fact is that the most sophisticated of the largest of the monuments

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were the ones that were constructed first.

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And the smallest of the monuments were the ones that were constructed actually at the end.

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So it was almost as if the level of sophistication gradually diminished

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across a period of 1500 years.

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Well, go back to the tip I was built in stages.

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And this seems to have been a style of the construction of ancient monuments in different parts

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of the world.

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I mean, for instance, the Maya constructed a tempo or a pyramid.

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And then overlay that with a newer construction and newer monument and gradually built

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it up almost like creating layers of an onion.

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But similar types of phases of construction can be found at monuments much closer home to home.

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Like at Stonehenge, for instance.

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The main blowstone and Sarson circles that we know and see today, they were constructed

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some time around 2500 to 3000 BC.

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However, evidence now shows that there were other monuments that existed on the site and nearby

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that go back in stages all the way through and tell around 8,000 BC.

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When at the same location of Stonehenge, there was seen to have been monuments that were

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focused upon huge great tree-like posts that were erected possibly to mark the lunar

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rising at different times within the the lunar standstill cycle of about 18 years.

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And so different activities and different types of monuments were being constructed and then

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decommissioned and something new was built.

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This went all the way through the the Mesolithic period into the neolithic period and then into

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the Bronze Age when finally the building construction of Stonehenge came to an end.

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As to the builders of Gabbacli Tapai, I think that we must decredit the local culture.

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The style as far as the building construction is concerned is very similar to various other

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monuments within the neoraste. Within Leksi-Siriah in northern Iraq, in other parts of Eastern Turkey,

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there was stuff going on. They call prognolithic cultures and there is enough similarities

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with Gabbacli Tapai that there obviously linked in some way. But why did they suddenly start

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to super size their monuments? That's the bigger question and clearly some influences came to

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bear on the local people for this to actually take place. Now those influences were probably

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incoming peoples, maybe even displaced peoples from some other part of the ancient world.

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Now as to where they came from, this is a million dollar question one that I will be answering

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hopefully within my own upcoming book. But you have various candidates. The people could have

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come from the era of the Neil in North Africa, the era that we now know as Egypt because

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there was certainly trading between the the Neil and the area of what is today Israel and

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Palestine, Syria and Lebanon that was going on at the time of Gabbacli Tapai. It's very possible

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that there was an Egyptian influence at the back of the Tapai. But equally, they could have been

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incoming peoples displaced from the the North because the climate was getting bad again.

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There was a mini-Isage just before the time of construction of Gabbacli Tapai. So they could have been

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incoming peoples from Europe or from North and Asia, the steps, the Russian steps, for instance,

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or there might have been some incoming peoples from Asia or there might have been people coming in

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from you know by boat, by overseas. We're not sure, you know there are various possibilities here.

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But they may well have come to bear on the local culture to get them to build these,

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in other words they may have said, look, we can solve your problems but what you will need to do

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is construct these monuments and we'll tell you how to work with them. That I think is what

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actually happened. Bowbeck is a Roman site focused around the temple of Zeus or Jupiter as

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Caesar known in the Roman pantheon. This is constructed on this massive foundation known as the

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Great Platform and within the Great Platform itself are in a line three incredibly large stone blocks

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that are estimated to be 900 to a thousand tons a piece and in a nearby quarry is another similar

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stone that was obviously you know cut and made ready to go which weighs anything up to about 1200 tons.

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And this is unique. There is absolutely nothing like this in the rest of the ancient world.

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And of course this is obviously beg the question of did the Romans really create this or were

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these blocks apart of some kind of you know previous structure that was there that goes back to antiquity.

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And it is a subject which I've written about extensively and I think that there is some evidence

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to show that the Great Platform did pre-exist the Roman temple exactly by how much

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is a mystery. I mean it could be you know a few thousand years, it could be more.

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But who actually constructed it? Well there is no answer at the moment.

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But I think what's important to point out about it is that if Gabbacly Tapag would have been constructed

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as early as 9,000 to 9,500 be see this gives us several thousand years at least

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of trial and error and experimentation with you know stone technologies to get to a point where

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you can create huge blocks and move them into place. The harrots actually did that and why they did that.

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And actually no idea why they would need to use blocks. I suppose I thought it was easier than

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creating a million bricks and putting them in the same place I suppose. But you know so

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the importance here is that it answers the question as to where this technology may have come from

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because we had enough time to develop it over a period of several thousand years.

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Deto the Great Pyramid and the use of huge blocks there within the different

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temples around the Pyramids, the valley temple for instance of Kaffrey has blocks in it which

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also may be a hundred tons or more a piece and although they're not nearly the same size of

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those at Baalbeck the idea was something that probably developed over a period of several thousand

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years as far as the idea that giants may have been behind the construction of monuments like Baalbeck

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or any other monumental architecture. There are missile legends of course there are as far as actual

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physical evidence you know skeletal remains and things like that. It's not there. I mean here

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and there there are accounts of the discovery of large bounds obviously from you know some prehistoric

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humans or whatever but it's just not there to show that there was actual races existing of giants.

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Maybe in other parts of the world I mean they're done seem to be some evidence that you know

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people eight nine feet tall possibly even higher existed in small isolated communities in parts

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of the Americas there's a lot of repulse you know and this seems to be a hell of a lot of

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bones that come out particularly from Native American men's you know in North America that back

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up back this up and allow it something which mainstream archaeology just will not even look at

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it is a very very interesting area and one of the most interesting factors I think is the

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number of the giant bones that have been found often have six fingers on each hand and six toes

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that really is interesting and plus that the shape of the jaws and the the teeth structure is

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different that does hint the possibility there may have been a race of giant that existed but I think

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you've got to be careful you know this is anatomical remains that we're talking about here

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not necessarily that those same race of giants were the ones that constructed huge monuments

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in the Middle East in the ancient world that may possibly be the result of people just seeing

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these huge blocks that we used for building construction and assuming that they they were you know

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the product the work of giants there is there is some evidence from the ancient texts like

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the book of Enoch for instance that the ancient race known as the watches and also the Nephilim

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were of giant stature now I think that this is the memory of real people that existed in the

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part some kind of shamanic culture that basically came in and took over the show at a very early stage

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in here in development probably just prior to what we know as the neolithic revolution

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which would have been just after the end of the last ice age but I also fear that we're also talking

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about Chinese whispers here that although these people probably were of large stature and exactly

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how much I don't know it could just a bit of few inches as opposed to the local population

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that gradually across the centuries and across the millennia as Chinese whispers do these people

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their size grew and grew until they were the size of trees by sick clay and so I feel that there

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is a lot of fantasy that's gone into this and it's important I think for people to be aware of this

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and not to believe how heartedly everything that they read in these ancient texts they are just

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indicators of what we are to look for in other words perhaps a cultural release of large stature

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I mean for instance the watches were also said to have other quite specific features that like white hair

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you know very pale skin with rated features

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there's evidence that they possibly were feather coats and you know had long serpent like faces and things like this

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these are really interesting and do seem to suggest that we're dealing with you know real human beings

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that had some kind of resemblance to what we find in the ancient texts but we're looking for paths

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you know I think it's wrong to simply believe what we read in those ancient texts we're just

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looking at the patterns and working with those the idea that there might have been some kind of

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global culture behind the construction of the earliest monument, la architecture like stone hens

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you know or places in you know cost of the rake as other parts of central America South America

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is an interesting idea and it's one that some of my colleagues are you know promoting at this

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very time but I think you have to be very cautious because although you look at the backlit

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upper you look at the carvings and for me they say central America they say South America

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the problem is is that the comparisons that you are making you know in your own mind

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is with carvings generally that are of a much much later date and I mean by not just several

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thousand years but probably by 10 thousand years that a lot of the stone work within the Americas

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that we know and recognize was only created probably about the time of Christ or you know later

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right the way through until you know you know sort of Colombian times you know either first Europeans

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reaching the continent so we had to be a little bit careful but there was no question that what we

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see at the backlit up I has more in common in style with the Americas than what it has done with

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other civilisations of the ancient world like Egypt, Babylon, you know, so Mar the Ended Valley or

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whatever no question and that does strike me as interesting it's something that we need to be

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looking more into but for it to make sense we need to find similar high cultures existing within

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central and South America the evidence go backlit up I seems to point towards the mining closures

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in particular the central pillars in the middle of them being focused on the northern sky

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and in particular the star denneb in the constellation of sickness now the importance in this

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particular star is that it marks the opening of the so called dark rift now this is an area of the

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Milky Way, it calls by sort of stellar dust and debris that seems to break the Milky Way into two

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separate streams at this point which runs from the area of sickness a short distance down to where

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the sun crosses the Milky Way in the vicinity of the constellations of Sagittarius and Scorpio

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and this dark rift has universally been seen in both the ancient and the New World

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as I point of entry and exit to the sky world and it would seem as if similar beliefs were present

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at Gabbacly Tapai and that these ideas were actually retained within the area of the of South East

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Turkey and eventually filtered through into various you know ethno religious groups that existed there

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until fairly recently recent times for instance Gabbacly Tapai overlooks the heran plane

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well on this plane is the ancient city of heran and this was the home of the so called Sabians

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now they were a strange pagan culture and they venerated the north as the place of the

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primal cause the place of original creation the place of life and of death and they would

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celebrate this each year with a festival known as the mystery of the north and other similar

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ideas within different religious groups in the area were tend to suggest that this idea of the importance

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of the north you know to do with the the Paul Star the Milky Way the sickness is something

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that had been present there since the time of Gabbacly Tapai well the interesting thing about

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the dating of Gabbacly Tapai putting it back so far into the past is that firstly amongst the

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archaeologists working with this sort of pro tonialithic world that exists in South East Turkey

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I don't think they they've got too much of a problem because they were working on various other

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sites where we're similar monuments not on the same scale had already been discovered places like

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Navarri Chorey Chaiono and you know other sites like this in the air of northern Syria in Turkey

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if you're in northern Iraq so I don't think they were too surprised to find out that it went back to

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that time particularly the lead archaeologist himself a professor's clash mid because he earlier worked

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on the the pro tonialithic structure of Navarri Chorey so he knew what he was looking for when he

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first went to the site in 1994 and expected it to be of that type of age but having said that

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the outside world had no knowledge of this culture at that time so when it hit the headlight for

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the first time in about the year 2000 that's when Gabbacly Tapai really reached public consciousness

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it was almost disbelief in fact I was actually very surprised to find online that there are a

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number of blogs that have been written that are actually skeptical of Gabbacly Tapai as a whole and you

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know I think it's like some kind of fabrication and that the dating is sort of like you know

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wishful thinking on the part of the archaeologist and that it's got no connection with religion

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at all sorts of strange statements and the reason why that's there is because it does raise so many

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questions about the so called neolithic revolution and how the whole thing came about because the normal

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idea which was put forward probably in about the 1930s by Golden Child was that you know the creation

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of agriculture gave us a lot more time for leisurely activities and for spiritual needs and that

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this raised the idea of the creation of monuments for worship or the developing of technologies

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and other things which only came as a result of agriculture whereas what Gabbacly Tapai

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shows is the complete opposite and that's the fact that religious and spiritual motivations

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came before the agriculture in fact that the agriculture came about as an ascetic to feed the

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hundred if not thousands of people involved with these building constructions and all of the

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pilgrims that were coming seemingly from vast areas different kinds different groups whatever

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that would probably meet places like Quebecly Tapai however many times a year that they would

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all need to be fed and that they couldn't just do this with you know the local game you know

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by creating all the meat somehow out of this the agricultural revolution began and in fact

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what resulted from this was obviously the use of wheat for bread and for beer or for whatever

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else that they were using it and modern genetics has shown that the origins of 68 strains

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of modern wheat used by us to die can all be traced back to one location just 50 miles away

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from Gabbacly Tapai it's an extinct volcano and mountain range known as Calagadar da

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daugh pronounced similar to that and it's actually often the horizon you're going to see it

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from Gabbacly Tapai that that or my certainly was the foundation point of not just the near

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revolution but or my certainly what the Bible refers to as as the gardener of Eden Gabbacly Tapai

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was finally decommissioned or the last of the monuments there around 8000 BC already there were

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other structures in the region that were now operational places like Nevada Chorey, Chaiano and Various

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other similar what they call pre-pottery neolithic sites and this was at the point of transition

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into the pottery era of the neolithic which also included the use of and the presence of Agri Calaculture

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now the spread had begun but stone monuments were still being constructed and whereas those

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of Gabbacly Tapai and one or two other sites in this region had these beautiful carvings on

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the T-shaped terminations or capitals on them this now got less and less the idea that they

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may have been anthropomorphic I mand-like in appearance got lost and eventually all they were doing

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was erecting what we'd called to die standing studs you know there was no carvings on the

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Tawar very minimal amounts of you know of any kind of manufacturing to make them look into

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anything so in other words there was a transition and this was the beginning of the megalithic

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culture and what we find is that in the neighboring country to Turkey in Armenia you have this

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massive megalithic complex of Kara Hunch which Armenian archaeologists and scientists have dated

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to around 5500 BC which is much earlier the most of the megalithic monuments of Europe

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and here you have what was originally literally thousands of standing stones in a huge

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great pattern of stone circles and stone rows that all seem to be interlinked in a massive pattern

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of which up to 80 or so of those stones had holes in them which the scientists have been able to

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determine were cited towards the sun, the moon and stars and one of the stars that was seen

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to have been cropping up more than any other in connection with Kara Hunch is denab in sickness

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the very same star that seems to be associated with the the alignments, astronomical alignments

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at the back of the tapai and it's even claimed by you know that these archaeologists that the scientists

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were working on Kara Hunch that the actual shape the overhead birds are shaped of Kara Hunch

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actually mimics that of the constellation of sickness and in fact one of the names of Kara Hunch

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actually mean something like the vulture the place of the vulture and the vulture

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on the you're frightened was actually one of the the forms of sickness in the sky and the

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vulture would definitely seem to be a very important symbol associated not just with these early

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neolithic monuments but also with the the constellation of sickness why because of the act

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of excarnation, excarnation is the process where bodies would be placed upon wooden platforms

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and denuded as a word that's used by scavenger birds like vultures or obviously

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the you know crows and rucks rave and things like this and they would pick clean all of the flesh

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leave behind the the remaining bones at large bones and they would be afterwards collected up

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and put into what's known as a secondary burial site now this was certainly known in the early neolithic

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I mean there are images of excarnation towers in use a chattel whack which is the neolithic city

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which is a sort of descendant if you like of go back to tapai and that's in southern central

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Turkey and the importance is that the birds that would pick clean these birds which

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provisionally the most important ones would seem to have been the vulture would seem to have

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become associated with the acts of the carrying of the soul from the physical body into the next

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world they became what's known in Greek mythology as the psychopomp the soul carrier or the

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or the company of the soul and it would seem as if the idea was that the the the the vulture

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in a physical sense is denoted in the body but on a spiritual sense they pick it up the

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the soul of the person and take in them into the next world which is one of the reasons why the

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vulture becomes so important to the that the symbolism and the carving of these early monuments

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it's present there in gebecued tapai it's present at the valley chorey which is from a similar

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but just the slightly lighter and it's all about this this idea of this death of rebirth

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of all the rest of it and the interaction between us and the next world