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The science delusion is the belief that science already understands the nature of reality

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in principle, leaving any of the details to be filled in.

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This is a very widespread belief in our society.

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It's the kind of belief system of people who say, I don't believe in God, I believe in science.

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It's a belief system which has now been spread to the entire world.

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But there's a conflict in the heart of science between science as a method of inquiry based

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on reason, evidence, hypothesis and collective investigation.

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And science as a belief system or a worldview.

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And unfortunately the worldview aspect of science has come to inhibit and constrict the

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free inquiry which is the very life-blood of the scientific endeavor.

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Since the late 19th century, science has been conducted under the aspect of a belief system

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or worldview which is essentially that of materialism, philosophical materialism.

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And these sciences are now wholly owned subsidiaries of the materialist worldview.

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I think that as we break out of it, the sciences will be regenerated.

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What I do in my book, the science delusion which is called the science set free in the United

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States, is take the ten dogmas or assumptions of science and turn them into questions.

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Seeing how well they stand up if you look at them scientifically.

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None of them stand up very well.

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What I'm going to do is first run through what these ten dogmas are and then I'll only

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have time to discuss one or two of them in a bit more detail.

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But essentially the ten dogmas which are the default worldview of most educated people all

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over the world are first the nature's mechanical or machine-like.

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The universe is like a machine, animals and plants are like machines, we're like machines.

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In fact we are machines, we're lumbering robots in Richard Dawkins vivid phrase with brains

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that are genetically programmed computers.

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Second, matter is unconscious.

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The whole universe is made up of unconscious matter.

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There's no consciousness in stars, in galaxies, in planets, in animals, in plants.

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In the rot not to be any in us either if this theory is true.

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So a lot of the philosophy of mind over the last hundred years is being trying to prove

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that we're not really conscious at all.

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So the matters unconscious then the laws of nature are fixed.

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This is the dogma three.

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The laws of nature are the same now as they were at the time of the big bang and they'll

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be the same forever.

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Not just the laws but the constants of nature are fixed which is why they're called constants.

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Dogma four, the total amount of matter and energy is always the same.

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It never changes in total quantity except at the moment of the big bang when it all

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spraying into existence from nowhere in a single instant.

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The fifth dogma is that nature is purposeless.

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There are no purposes in all nature and the evolutionary purpose.

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The evolutionary process has no purpose or direction.

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Dogma six, the heretic biological or reddit is material.

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Everything you inherit is in your genes or in epigenetic modifications of the genes or

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in cytoplasmic inheritance.

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It's material.

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Dogma seven, memories are stored inside your brain as material traces.

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Some however, everything you remember is in your brain and modified nerve endings, phosphorylated

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proteins, no one knows how it works but nevertheless almost everyone in the scientific world

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believes it must be in the brain.

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Dogma eight, your mind is inside your head.

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All your consciousness is the activity of your brain and nothing more.

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Dogma nine which follows from dogma eight, psychic phenomena like telepathy are impossible.

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Your thoughts and intentions cannot have any effect at a distance because your mind

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is inside your head.

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Therefore, all the apparent evidence for telepathy and other psychic phenomena is illusory.

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People believe these things happen but it's just because they don't know enough about

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statistics or they're deceived by coincidences or it's wishful thinking.

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And dogma ten, mechanistic medicine is the only kind that really works.

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That's why government's only fund research into mechanistic medicine and ignore complementary

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and alternative therapies.

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Those can't possibly really work because they're not mechanistic.

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They may appear to work because people would have got better anyway or because of the placebo

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effect.

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But the only kind that really works is mechanistic medicine.

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Well this is the default world view which is held by or missed all educated people all

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over the world.

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It's the basis of the educational system, the National Health Service, the Medical Research

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Council, Governments and it's just the default world view of educated people.

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But I think every one of these dogmas is very, very questionable and when you look at it,

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it turns, they fall apart.

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I'm going to take first the idea that the laws of nature are fixed.

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This is a hangover from an older world view before the 1960s when the Big Bang Theory

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came in.

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People thought that the whole universe was eternal, governed by eternal mathematical

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laws.

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When the Big Bang came in, then that assumption continued, even though the Big Bang revealed

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a universe that's radically evolutionary about 14 billion years old, growing and developing

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for 14 billion years, growing and cooling and more structures and patterns appear within it.

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But the idea is all the laws of nature were completely fixed at the moment of the Big Bang,

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like a cosmic Napoleonic code.

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As my friend Terrence McKenna used to say, modern science is based on the principle,

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give us one free miracle and we'll explain the rest.

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And the one free miracle is the appearance of all the matter and energy in the universe

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and all the laws that govern it from nothing in a single instant.

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Well, in an evolutionary universe, why shouldn't the laws themselves evolve?

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After all, human laws do, and the idea of laws of nature is based on a metaphor with human

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laws.

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It's a very anthropocentric metaphor.

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Only humans have laws, in fact, only civilized societies have laws.

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As CS Lewis once said, to say that a stone falls to earth because it's obeying a law,

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makes it a man and even a citizen.

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It's a metaphor that we've got so used to, we forget it's a metaphor.

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In an evolving universe, I think a much better idea is the idea of habits.

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I think the habits of nature evolve, the regularities of nature are essentially a bit too old.

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This was an idea of put forward at the beginning of the 20th century by the American philosophers, CS Plus.

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It's an idea which various other philosophers have entertained, and it's one which I myself have developed into a scientific hypothesis,

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the hypothesis of morphic resonance, which is the basis of these evolving habits.

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According to this hypothesis, everything in nature has a kind of collective memory.

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Resonance occurs on the basis of similarity.

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As a young giraffe, embryo grows in its mother's womb,

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it turns in to the morphic resonance of previous giraffes.

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It draws on that collective memory. It grows like a giraffe, and it behaves like a giraffe,

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because it's drawing on this collective memory.

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It has to have the right genes to make the right proteins, but genes, in my view, are grossly overrated.

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They only account for the proteins that the organism can make, not the shape of the form or the behaviour.

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Every species has a kind of collective memory.

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Even crystals do. This theory predicts that if you make a new kind of crystal for the first time,

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the very first time you make it, it won't have an existing habit.

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But once it crystallizes, then the next time you make it, there'll be an influence from the first crystals to the second ones,

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all over the world, by morphic resonance, it'll crystallize a bit easier.

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The third time, there'll be an influence from the first and second crystals.

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There is, in fact, good evidence that new compounds get easier to crystallize or round the world,

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just as this theory would predict.

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It also predicts that if you train animals to learn a new trick, for example, rats learn a new trick in London,

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then all around the world rats are the same breed should learn the same trick quicker,

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just because the rats have landed here.

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And surprisingly, there's already evidence that this actually happens.

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Anyway, that's my hypothesis in a nutshell of morphic resonance.

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Everything depends on evolving habits, not on fixed laws.

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But I want to spend a few moments on the constants of nature too,

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because these, again, use assumed to be constant.

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Things like the gravitational constant, the speed of light, are called the fundamental constants.

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Are they really constant?

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Well, when I got interested in this question, I tried to find out.

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There are given in physics handbooks.

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Handbooks are physics list the existing fundamental constants.

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Tell you their value.

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But I wanted to see if they'd changed.

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So I got the old volumes of physical handbooks.

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I went to the Patent Office Library here in London,

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and there the only place I could find that kept the old volumes.

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Normally people throw them away when the new values come out.

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They throw away the old ones.

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When I did this, I found that the speed of light dropped between 1928 and 1945

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by about 20 kilometers per second.

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So huge drop, because they're given with errors of any fractions of a say,

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a decimal point of error.

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And yet, all over the world, it dropped.

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And they were all getting values very similar to each other with tiny errors.

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Then in 1945, it went up at 48.

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It went up again.

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And then people started getting very similar values again.

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I was very intrigued by this, and I couldn't make sense of it.

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So I went to see the head of metrology at the National Physical Laboratory in Tettington.

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Metrology is the science in which people measure constants.

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And I asked him about this.

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I said, what do you make of this drop in the speed of light between 1928 and 1945?

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And he said, oh dear, he said you've uncovered the most embarrassing episode

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in the history of our science.

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So I said, well, could the speed of light have actually dropped?

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And that would have amazing implications of so.

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He said, no, no, of course it could have actually dropped.

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It's a constant.

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So, oh, well, then how do you explain the fact everyone was finally getting much slower during that period?

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Is it because they were fudging their results to get what they thought other people should

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be getting?

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And the whole thing was just produced by in the minds of physicists.

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We don't like to use the word fudge.

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I said, well, what do you prefer?

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He said, well, we prefer to call it intellectual phase locking.

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So I said, well, if it was going on then, how can we say sure it's not going on today?

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And that the present values are produced by intellectual phase locking.

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And he said, oh, we know that's not the case.

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I said, how do we know?

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He said, well, we've solved the problem.

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And I said, well, how?

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He said, well, we fixed the speed of light by definition in 1972.

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So I said, but it might still change.

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You said, yes, but we'd never know it because we'd defined the meter in terms of the speed of light.

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So the units had changed with it.

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So he looked very pleased about that.

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They'd fixed that problem.

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But I said, well, then, what about big G, the gravitational constant, known in the trade as big G, as written with a capital G?

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Newton's universal gravitational constant.

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That's varied by more than 1.3% in recent years.

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And it seems to vary from place to place and from time to time.

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And he said, oh, well, those are just errors.

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And unfortunately, they're quite big errors with big G.

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So I said, well, what if it's really changing?

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I mean, perhaps it is really changing.

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And then I looked at how they do it.

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What happens is they measure it in different labs.

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They get different values on different days.

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And then they average them.

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And then other labs run the world do the same.

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And they come out usually with the rather different average.

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And then the international committee on metrology meets every ten years or so.

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And average the ones from labs run, well, to come up with the value of big G.

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But what if G were actually fluctuating?

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What if it changed?

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It does already evidence, actually, that it changes throughout the day and throughout the year.

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What if the earth, as it moves through the galactic environment,

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went through patches of dark matter or other environmental factors that could alter it?

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Maybe they all changed together.

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What if these errors are going up together and down together?

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For more than ten years, I've been trying to persuade metrologists to look at the raw data.

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In fact, I'm now trying to persuade them to put it online on the internet with the dates and the actual measurements.

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And see if they're correlated to see if they're all up at one time or done at another.

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If so, they might be fluctuating together.

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And that would tell us something very, very interesting.

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But no one has done this.

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They haven't done it because G is a constant.

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There's no point looking for changes.

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I see here's a very simple example of where a dogmatic assumption actually inhibits inquiry.

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I myself think that the constants may vary quite considerably, well within narrow limits, but they may all be varying.

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And I think the day will come when scientific journals like nature have a weekly report on the constants,

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like stock market reports and newspapers.

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You know, this week, big G was slightly up.

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The charge on the electron was down.

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The speed of light held steady.

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And so on.

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So that's one area, just one area where I think thinking less dogmaticly could open things up.

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One of the biggest areas is the nature of the mind.

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This is the most unsolved problem, as Graham just said,

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that it sounds simply can't deal with the fact we're conscious.

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And it can't deal with the fact that our thoughts don't seem to be inside our brains.

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Our experiences don't all seem to be inside our brain.

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Your image of me now doesn't seem to be inside your brain yet the official viewers as a little

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Rupert somewhere inside your head.

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And everything else in this room is inside your head.

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Your experience is inside your brain.

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I'm suggesting actually the vision involves an outward projection of images.

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What you're seeing is in your mind, but not inside your head.

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Our minds are extended beyond our brains in the simplest act of perception.

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I think that we project out the images we're seeing.

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And these images touch what we're looking at.

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If I look at you from behind, you don't know I'm there, could I affect you?

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Could you feel my gaze?

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There's a great deal of evidence that people can.

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The sense of being stared at is an extremely common experience and recent experimental research.

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It suggests it's real.

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Animals seem to have it too.

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I think it probably evolved in the context of predator prey relationships.

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Preanimals that could feel the gaze of a predator would survive better than those that couldn't.

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This would lead to a whole new way of thinking about ecological relationships between predators and prey.

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Also about the extent of our minds.

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If we look at distant stars, I think our minds reach out in a sense to touch those stars,

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and literally extend out over astronomical different distances.

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They're not just inside our heads.

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Now it may seem astonishing that this is a topic of debate in the 21st century.

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We know so little about our own minds that where our images are is a hot topic of debate within consciousness studies right now.

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I don't have time to deal with any more of these dogmas, but every single one of them is questionable.

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If one questions it, new forms of research, new possibilities open up.

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And I think as we question these dogmas that have held back signs so long,

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signs will undergo a re-flaring, a renaissance.

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I'm a total believer in the importance of signs.

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I've spent my whole life as a research scientist, my whole career.

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But I think by moving beyond these dogmas, it can be regenerated.

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Once again, it can become interesting and I hope life of Fermi.

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Thank you.

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Thank you.