1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:24,400 Forbidden chapters of history 2 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:28,320 In Egypt there are some pyramids which very strongly differ from the others. 3 00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:30,960 They differ both in quality and in construction. 4 00:00:30,960 --> 00:00:35,200 There are facts that prove they had been created long before the reign of the first 5 00:00:35,200 --> 00:00:41,520 pharaohs by a highly developed civilization, a civilization of ancient Egyptian gods, and 6 00:00:41,520 --> 00:00:45,640 we were telling it in the first part of our film. 7 00:00:45,640 --> 00:00:52,799 However, a big civilization would have left not only a few pyramids, there should have 8 00:00:53,279 --> 00:01:06,719 been other traces, and they exist in fact. 9 00:01:06,719 --> 00:01:13,679 Eternal Renovation 10 00:01:13,679 --> 00:01:18,420 The very first pyramid constructed by pharaohs is located in Sakara. 11 00:01:18,420 --> 00:01:21,719 This is the well-known steppe pyramid. 12 00:01:21,959 --> 00:01:25,480 Do not doubt it was built in several stages. 13 00:01:25,480 --> 00:01:30,239 First there had been made a small mastaba in the form of a trapeze. 14 00:01:30,239 --> 00:01:34,519 We can see this stage of construction on the southern side. 15 00:01:34,519 --> 00:01:39,159 But let's have a look at the same pyramid from the other, eastern side. 16 00:01:39,159 --> 00:01:45,000 Here this part of laying differs sharply from that which is in the basic pyramid. 17 00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:50,340 Here there are very equal rectangular blocks, carefully laid without any solution. 18 00:01:50,340 --> 00:01:55,380 And here it's standard rubble, only fine rubble and a clay solution, and whatever 19 00:01:55,380 --> 00:01:57,340 they could find around. 20 00:01:57,340 --> 00:01:58,340 Isn't it strange? 21 00:01:58,340 --> 00:02:04,300 A high-quality construction was preceded by that made with the most primitive methods. 22 00:02:04,300 --> 00:02:05,859 This is a peculiar site. 23 00:02:05,859 --> 00:02:11,740 Here rectangular blocks are hewed out quite precisely, and no solution. 24 00:02:11,740 --> 00:02:15,599 Only a little higher there are broken stone mixed with solution. 25 00:02:15,599 --> 00:02:19,879 As for this part, it looks like a casually dumped mass of stones. 26 00:02:19,879 --> 00:02:24,319 So what for they needed to make only a small part of laying? 27 00:02:24,319 --> 00:02:27,639 Why they couldn't make it upward the same way? 28 00:02:27,639 --> 00:02:30,599 And in general, what for was it created? 29 00:02:30,599 --> 00:02:36,000 As a matter of fact, this site and the similar ones serve as a proof for... 30 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:39,719 maintain the pyramids were constructed in three stages. 31 00:02:39,719 --> 00:02:44,539 It looks like Djoser liked to do something, then disliked it, and then he changed his 32 00:02:45,539 --> 00:02:50,000 And that's how the pyramid was built with no complete primary plan. 33 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:51,500 But then there is a question. 34 00:02:51,500 --> 00:02:56,060 Why the blocks of the second construction stage differ enormously from those of the 35 00:02:56,060 --> 00:02:59,579 third one, which was supposed to be the final? 36 00:02:59,579 --> 00:03:00,579 And this is nonsense. 37 00:03:00,579 --> 00:03:06,180 At that time, they should have already learned to make perfect constructions. 38 00:03:06,180 --> 00:03:09,699 Logically yes, and it has nothing to do with evolution. 39 00:03:09,699 --> 00:03:12,680 It's more appropriate to speak about a degradation. 40 00:03:13,319 --> 00:03:18,040 The later the layer, the worse was the quality of the laying and processing of... 41 00:03:18,040 --> 00:03:22,040 Generally speaking, it was not a degradation, but a complete decline. 42 00:03:22,040 --> 00:03:27,760 And what is the sense of speaking of construction stages when we have in fact o... 43 00:03:27,760 --> 00:03:32,280 rows of a good laying and completely raw stones to follow? 44 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:37,780 Can it be called a first stage when they had worked a little and further stayed idle? 45 00:03:37,780 --> 00:03:38,780 This is a new enigma. 46 00:03:38,780 --> 00:03:42,520 It is possible there was more ancient constructions here. 47 00:03:42,719 --> 00:03:47,840 The conclusion arises that the builders of the times of Pharaoh didn't lose their... 48 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:49,280 They just had none. 49 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:54,680 However, there was an ancient construction which by that time had been already partia... 50 00:03:54,680 --> 00:04:00,520 Builders collected the fallen blocks and put them on top until they were over. 51 00:04:00,520 --> 00:04:04,520 And then the builders continued to build as they knew to do it. 52 00:04:04,520 --> 00:04:08,719 They simply put smaller rough stones on a clay solution. 53 00:04:08,719 --> 00:04:11,420 There is another interesting pyramid in Sakura. 54 00:04:11,419 --> 00:04:13,739 It is the Eunos pyramid. 55 00:04:13,739 --> 00:04:18,339 Right in the middle of its eastern part inside of a limestone laying, the granite... 56 00:04:18,339 --> 00:04:20,379 of a strange shape is laid. 57 00:04:20,379 --> 00:04:23,819 The guides affirm that all stones here are original. 58 00:04:23,819 --> 00:04:29,740 The construction had never been changed since its creation, and it was found so in our 59 00:04:29,740 --> 00:04:30,740 time. 60 00:04:30,740 --> 00:04:34,219 But here we can see this stone, which is definitely alien. 61 00:04:34,219 --> 00:04:37,019 It doesn't belong to this construction. 62 00:04:37,019 --> 00:04:40,219 It's all limestone around, and this is granite. 63 00:04:40,219 --> 00:04:44,819 And it looks like to build the pyramid they searched around for no matter what material, 64 00:04:44,819 --> 00:04:46,620 just whatever they could find. 65 00:04:46,620 --> 00:04:51,120 But then it comes this granite block is more ancient than pyramid itself. 66 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:53,819 The same is on the southern part of the pyramid. 67 00:04:53,819 --> 00:04:56,779 In the internal laying there is a stone with bas-reliefs. 68 00:04:56,779 --> 00:04:59,839 In fact, it shouldn't be placed here, but it is here. 69 00:04:59,839 --> 00:05:04,979 It had been probably taken from another temple or from some other ruins. 70 00:05:04,980 --> 00:05:10,780 If we look more closely at the whole pyramid, we can see that it consists of two absolutely 71 00:05:10,780 --> 00:05:11,860 different parts. 72 00:05:11,860 --> 00:05:18,220 A good laying from bigger blocks at the foot and a heap of small stones on the top. 73 00:05:18,220 --> 00:05:22,900 This pyramid mustn't only have been assembled from different blocks scattered around, but 74 00:05:22,900 --> 00:05:27,740 was also put on the ruins of some more ancient construction. 75 00:05:27,740 --> 00:05:31,819 The blocks at the foot differ a lot from the rubble, which was laid upwards. 76 00:05:31,819 --> 00:05:34,660 They do not match at all. 77 00:05:34,660 --> 00:05:40,540 When we see the inner corridor, we get the answers to whatever questions we had before. 78 00:05:40,540 --> 00:05:44,020 Probably this was the reason to prohibit an access here. 79 00:05:44,020 --> 00:05:48,340 It is closed, but we've managed to film really unique things here. 80 00:05:48,340 --> 00:05:51,860 The pharaoh didn't have a tomb built for him from scratch. 81 00:05:51,860 --> 00:05:54,780 There is still an ancient construction for him. 82 00:05:54,780 --> 00:05:55,980 This pass is very low. 83 00:05:55,980 --> 00:05:59,820 There are similar ones in the red pyramid and in the grey pyramid. 84 00:05:59,820 --> 00:06:04,580 All is made of big, very well adjusted and very equal blocks. 85 00:06:04,699 --> 00:06:07,099 On the other side it is the same. 86 00:06:07,099 --> 00:06:11,859 And in between we see a completely slip-shot laying made of small stones. 87 00:06:11,859 --> 00:06:16,740 It's high enough for a person to stand in his full height and even higher. 88 00:06:16,740 --> 00:06:21,899 It means it had been destroyed here, and he only had this part rebuilt, just as he 89 00:06:21,899 --> 00:06:25,659 had additionally built something over the pyramid. 90 00:06:25,659 --> 00:06:30,379 Here we can very well see a spore in the block, which was filled with small quarry... 91 00:06:30,379 --> 00:06:31,379 and solution. 92 00:06:31,379 --> 00:06:34,259 It is definitely not a modern renovation method. 93 00:06:34,259 --> 00:06:36,980 This is obviously ancient. 94 00:06:36,980 --> 00:06:38,659 Contrast is really amazing. 95 00:06:38,659 --> 00:06:44,379 However, it's not the fact of ancient renovation that is amazing, but a very poo... 96 00:06:44,379 --> 00:06:45,379 of it. 97 00:06:45,379 --> 00:06:48,579 The pharaoh's builders can hardly be accused in shirking. 98 00:06:48,579 --> 00:06:53,620 They did their best, but they were unable to do better than they knew to do it. 99 00:06:53,620 --> 00:06:58,139 It's hard to expect a better result from a primitive society. 100 00:06:58,139 --> 00:07:01,980 Over there in the bottom, the entrance is blocked with a lattice. 101 00:07:02,020 --> 00:07:05,100 We were told that part is under restoration. 102 00:07:05,100 --> 00:07:09,180 Today it's the second day we are coming, and we do not see any workers. 103 00:07:09,180 --> 00:07:12,819 It's not clear at all what is hidden behind the restoration. 104 00:07:12,819 --> 00:07:17,540 Perhaps it was made not to let us in. 105 00:07:17,540 --> 00:07:22,259 This example of two pyramids in Sakara gives us a clear feature to recognize buildings 106 00:07:22,259 --> 00:07:24,220 of an ancient civilization. 107 00:07:24,220 --> 00:07:29,100 It's a qualitative construction of huge blocks covered with a negligent layer of... 108 00:07:29,100 --> 00:07:30,480 even chippings. 109 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:35,640 If you see anything similar in Egypt, you can be sure that this is a heritage of ancient 110 00:07:35,640 --> 00:07:37,140 gods. 111 00:07:37,140 --> 00:07:41,960 We shall now move to Giza plateau, to a small pyramid satellite on the corner of the Great 112 00:07:41,960 --> 00:07:42,960 Pyramid. 113 00:07:42,960 --> 00:07:46,960 Here, inside, we can find a very good premise too. 114 00:07:46,960 --> 00:07:50,319 Only one detail spoils the whole impression. 115 00:07:50,319 --> 00:07:55,759 A strange combination of very smooth facing above the floor and completely raw funeral 116 00:07:55,759 --> 00:07:58,640 hole. 117 00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:03,680 In the pharaoh, it might have been in Cheops, utilized a more ancient construction. 118 00:08:03,680 --> 00:08:08,319 They only had a funeral hole made for him, as it's the workers did the hole up to their 119 00:08:08,319 --> 00:08:09,319 abilities. 120 00:08:09,319 --> 00:08:14,360 However, this pyramid outside, on the southern part, is much more interesting. 121 00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:17,599 Here we see a very unusual form of facing. 122 00:08:17,599 --> 00:08:22,000 At the edges of the pyramid there are two rows, and here in the center is one row,... 123 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:24,360 before was under the ground. 124 00:08:24,360 --> 00:08:29,280 Before the facing there are strange blocks, and here it has been polished once. 125 00:08:29,280 --> 00:08:30,960 Even the ledge had been polished. 126 00:08:30,960 --> 00:08:34,800 It means it was prepared especially. 127 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,200 Here again is the same. 128 00:08:37,200 --> 00:08:41,200 This one was then broken down and the polishing was gone too. 129 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:45,800 We mean to say there had been another building here before, which for some reaso... 130 00:08:45,800 --> 00:08:47,519 into a pyramid. 131 00:08:47,519 --> 00:08:49,759 Complete surface was simply cut off. 132 00:08:49,759 --> 00:08:50,759 Look here. 133 00:08:50,759 --> 00:08:54,320 They went down over here to cut into the stone. 134 00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:55,720 Stone has dropped out. 135 00:08:55,720 --> 00:08:57,840 Have gone further on a diagonal. 136 00:08:57,840 --> 00:08:58,840 Here on a diagonal. 137 00:08:58,840 --> 00:09:00,800 There on a diagonal. 138 00:09:00,800 --> 00:09:05,600 And judging from traces of erosion, all this was done at the same time with the pyramid 139 00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:07,760 construction. 140 00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:11,320 This is what Cheops has made, and not a great pyramid. 141 00:09:11,320 --> 00:09:13,840 His builders were unable to finish this either. 142 00:09:13,840 --> 00:09:18,880 However, thanks to this, we can have an idea of the ancient construction appearance, the 143 00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:23,920 bottom of which had a rectangular form and the top in profile was a trapeze and reminded 144 00:09:23,919 --> 00:09:31,519 the so-called mastabas, funeral constructions of ancient Egyptians. 145 00:09:31,519 --> 00:09:39,379 Quite possible that they had adopted the shape of the mastabas from more ancient... 146 00:09:39,379 --> 00:09:40,959 Was Cheops buried here? 147 00:09:40,959 --> 00:09:42,559 No one knows. 148 00:09:42,559 --> 00:09:47,759 For this purpose, any other of pyramids in the neighborhood could be utilized. 149 00:09:47,759 --> 00:09:49,079 Let's move to Maidoum. 150 00:09:49,079 --> 00:09:53,860 It's not a pyramid we're going to see now, but a mastaba made of unburned bricks. 151 00:09:53,860 --> 00:09:58,460 It looks quite ordinary, but if we make an effort and push into, and will even creep 152 00:09:58,460 --> 00:10:02,279 in some places, we'll get into an amazing chamber. 153 00:10:02,279 --> 00:10:07,100 There are big granite sarcophagus, careful laying of walls and overlapping from enormous 154 00:10:07,100 --> 00:10:10,740 limestone blocks, weighting up to 50 tons. 155 00:10:10,740 --> 00:10:16,139 All this is indeed beyond common sense, as right on top of this, there's a completely 156 00:10:16,139 --> 00:10:21,139 primitive construction. 157 00:10:21,139 --> 00:10:28,100 We are facing a new enigma. 158 00:10:28,100 --> 00:10:31,759 Before there was a narrow and low descending corridor. 159 00:10:31,759 --> 00:10:36,580 It was similar to the corridors of the big pyramids, as if the same constructor made 160 00:10:36,580 --> 00:10:37,580 them. 161 00:10:37,580 --> 00:10:38,580 And it may be true. 162 00:10:38,580 --> 00:10:41,019 A spectacular detail. 163 00:10:41,019 --> 00:10:45,899 Walls and the ceiling of the chamber have kept traces of ancient repairs. 164 00:10:46,659 --> 00:10:52,179 Usually, the damaged places were plastered and painted at the times of pharaohs. 165 00:10:52,179 --> 00:10:55,100 Look here, this ceiling was plastered too. 166 00:10:55,100 --> 00:10:57,699 Here it's well seen under the Latin. 167 00:10:57,699 --> 00:10:59,819 There's a layer of plaster well preserved. 168 00:10:59,819 --> 00:11:01,500 And here are the traces of paint. 169 00:11:01,500 --> 00:11:06,179 Here is a pink plaster, a layer of it. 170 00:11:06,179 --> 00:11:09,299 The most interesting we find outside again. 171 00:11:09,299 --> 00:11:14,460 Make only one step aside from a standard tourist track and go behind the mastaba. 172 00:11:15,019 --> 00:11:17,820 At the first sight of it, you stop still as a column. 173 00:11:17,820 --> 00:11:22,379 From under an absolutely primitive construction, you see something that would... 174 00:11:22,379 --> 00:11:24,180 with modern designs. 175 00:11:24,180 --> 00:11:29,900 A number of limestone plates, which had not even been shaped rectangular, were however 176 00:11:29,900 --> 00:11:32,379 laid without a slightest backlash. 177 00:11:32,379 --> 00:11:34,580 Lay, pebble and rubble. 178 00:11:34,580 --> 00:11:37,780 They packed it all and put the bricks on top. 179 00:11:37,780 --> 00:11:40,660 And again, they did a couple of layers like this. 180 00:11:40,660 --> 00:11:43,480 They covered here with rubble too. 181 00:11:43,500 --> 00:11:48,000 What's important is that they definitely bypassed this construction. 182 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:53,320 Mastaba builders knew about an ancient construction and tried to bypass it. 183 00:11:53,320 --> 00:12:00,000 And between two stages of construction, they had obviously passed more than 1000 years. 184 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:07,120 It looks like rubble was compressed by some object standing here, which was then ruined. 185 00:12:07,120 --> 00:12:13,000 The historians maintain this mastaba is dated back to the 4th dynasty. 186 00:12:13,019 --> 00:12:18,080 A completely primitive construction on top of the smartest building. 187 00:12:18,080 --> 00:12:22,879 Overlappings are so strong here that this construction was immediately associated by 188 00:12:22,879 --> 00:12:27,240 all with underground anti-nuclear shelter. 189 00:12:27,240 --> 00:12:31,000 According to ancient Egyptian legends, there was a war here. 190 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:32,960 It was the War of Gods. 191 00:12:32,960 --> 00:12:36,879 And its story is kept in the texts of Edfoo temple. 192 00:12:36,879 --> 00:12:42,120 During the war, Seth escaping from Horus was hiding himself under the ground. 193 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:45,320 Isn't it a similar shelter that is mentioned in the story? 194 00:12:45,320 --> 00:12:46,759 Not necessarily this one. 195 00:12:46,759 --> 00:12:51,360 In fact, there are multiple constructions of ancient civilization located in the northern 196 00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:54,360 part of Egypt, which remind a shelter. 197 00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:57,519 By the way, Seth rolled right in the northern Egypt. 198 00:12:57,519 --> 00:13:03,320 And military actions were held right in his lands. 199 00:13:03,320 --> 00:13:09,639 Ancient Egyptian civilization, which we know, and which was generated in the end of 4th, 200 00:13:09,639 --> 00:13:14,919 beginning of 3rd millennium BC, is only a hat. 201 00:13:14,919 --> 00:13:20,559 A hat covering a heritage of more ancient civilization. 202 00:13:20,559 --> 00:13:24,319 Andrey Zhukov, candidate of science and history. 203 00:13:24,319 --> 00:13:30,480 I do not know who was the first to maintain it, but I add here the assumption that the 204 00:13:30,480 --> 00:13:36,360 Egyptian civilization had been created with one basic purpose. 205 00:13:36,360 --> 00:13:44,320 To hide a heritage of a more ancient civilization. 206 00:13:44,320 --> 00:13:49,440 It was a tremendously large-scale historical operation aimed to last for centuries and 207 00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:52,440 even millennia. 208 00:13:52,440 --> 00:14:00,879 Thus, coming back to a definite example of Meidum mastaba, after some considerations 209 00:14:00,879 --> 00:14:04,120 we can tell. 210 00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:09,519 That mastaba had been constructed on top of an architectural monument of a more ancient 211 00:14:09,519 --> 00:14:13,879 origin. 212 00:14:13,879 --> 00:14:19,439 And one of the basic purposes of this construction was to hide this ancient... 213 00:14:19,439 --> 00:14:23,120 give it another meaning. 214 00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:28,399 That is, to misinform the coming generations. 215 00:14:28,399 --> 00:14:30,480 Perhaps all was much easier. 216 00:14:30,480 --> 00:14:34,879 Imagine, there had existed ancient constructions of high quality. 217 00:14:34,879 --> 00:14:38,759 They had remained like this, with no owner for ages. 218 00:14:38,759 --> 00:14:41,000 And the pharaohs decided to use them. 219 00:14:41,000 --> 00:14:43,559 To have something renovated or changed. 220 00:14:43,559 --> 00:14:46,439 Why shall it be wasted for nothing, they thought. 221 00:14:46,439 --> 00:14:51,840 A stereotypical opinion exists that ancient Egyptians never touched the buildings that 222 00:14:51,840 --> 00:14:53,980 had been constructed long before. 223 00:14:53,980 --> 00:14:58,500 But in fact, it was much more reasonable to use them and not to keep for nothing. 224 00:14:58,500 --> 00:15:00,620 So the pharaohs made use of them. 225 00:15:00,620 --> 00:15:05,779 And they used even the great pyramids which had been constructed by an ancient... 226 00:15:05,779 --> 00:15:12,620 The same was with the red pyramid in Dasher, where we can see the traces of ancient... 227 00:15:12,620 --> 00:15:16,860 Walls of this pyramid had been cleaned of a black bloom, which had been accumulated 228 00:15:16,860 --> 00:15:18,620 by many years. 229 00:15:18,620 --> 00:15:23,940 They were not completely cleaned up, but only till the third row of overlappings and... 230 00:15:24,100 --> 00:15:26,220 in a very primitive way. 231 00:15:26,220 --> 00:15:28,420 And walls, they differ a lot. 232 00:15:28,420 --> 00:15:32,460 It's evident they had undergone a secondary processing. 233 00:15:32,460 --> 00:15:34,340 It's all different there. 234 00:15:34,340 --> 00:15:38,500 Over there at the top you can feel with your hand a polished face. 235 00:15:38,500 --> 00:15:41,000 And here there was a log here. 236 00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:43,820 So they processed the surface on the right. 237 00:15:43,820 --> 00:15:45,280 And it was made manually. 238 00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:46,740 You see the surface? 239 00:15:46,740 --> 00:15:49,860 And here they processed to the left, from the log. 240 00:15:49,860 --> 00:15:53,540 All above they made only up to the sixth meter. 241 00:15:53,539 --> 00:15:58,099 In the third pyramid on Giza plateau we can see the proof that it was reused. 242 00:15:58,099 --> 00:16:03,579 Here we see a niche chamber, which in style reminds a cave of the early Christian period. 243 00:16:03,579 --> 00:16:10,259 And the remains found in this pyramid are dated just by the beginning of the new era. 244 00:16:10,259 --> 00:16:16,899 If Christians used pyramids for their needs, why pharaohs could not be doing the same? 245 00:16:16,899 --> 00:16:21,779 And if they liked a trapeze-shaped shelter, they were capable to reshape it into a... 246 00:16:21,779 --> 00:16:23,500 up to their liking. 247 00:16:23,500 --> 00:16:24,980 And pharaohs did it. 248 00:16:24,980 --> 00:16:29,740 However, they were unable to compete in skill with ancient builders. 249 00:16:29,740 --> 00:16:36,700 So nowadays we can find many pyramids with a qualitative laying only at the bottom levels. 250 00:16:36,700 --> 00:16:41,139 It is maintained that the facing from these pyramids has been dismantled. 251 00:16:41,139 --> 00:16:45,820 But why it was removed from the upper rows, not from the bottom ones, where it was easier 252 00:16:45,820 --> 00:16:46,879 to do it? 253 00:16:46,879 --> 00:16:51,940 And why the pyramids located both close to the big cities and quite far away are lacking 254 00:16:51,940 --> 00:16:54,780 their facing in the same way? 255 00:16:54,780 --> 00:16:56,380 The conclusion comes itself. 256 00:16:56,380 --> 00:16:58,740 The facing from the top was not removed. 257 00:16:58,740 --> 00:17:00,300 It had never been there. 258 00:17:00,300 --> 00:17:04,940 However, some of the ancient constructions had been demolished, and even at the reign 259 00:17:04,940 --> 00:17:06,460 of the first pharaohs. 260 00:17:06,460 --> 00:17:08,900 For example, a pyramid in Maidum. 261 00:17:08,900 --> 00:17:14,220 The road going from the pyramid to distant mastabas is covered with the stone fragments. 262 00:17:14,220 --> 00:17:19,100 And in mastabas, which are originally built from the unburned bricks, we can see the 263 00:17:19,179 --> 00:17:24,139 blocks removed from the pyramid and laid simply in piles. 264 00:17:24,139 --> 00:17:27,980 One of the ancient names of the pyramid is stable. 265 00:17:27,980 --> 00:17:33,939 Looks like it was not that easy to have it disassembled. 266 00:17:33,939 --> 00:17:37,899 More often pharaohs preferred to rebuild the ancient heritage. 267 00:17:37,899 --> 00:17:41,339 Teti pyramid seems to be a simple hill from outside. 268 00:17:41,339 --> 00:17:46,139 And inside we can see all the attributes of a powerful ancient nucleus. 269 00:17:46,180 --> 00:17:50,900 The pyramid is well known for the inscriptions by which historians attribute... 270 00:17:50,900 --> 00:17:52,420 of the 5th dynasty. 271 00:17:52,420 --> 00:17:55,020 However, inscriptions were put on a plaster. 272 00:17:55,020 --> 00:17:59,980 And plaster was put obviously much later than the underground chamber was built. 273 00:17:59,980 --> 00:18:04,740 For some reason, Egyptologists maintain the pharaoh has appropriated something. 274 00:18:04,740 --> 00:18:06,660 No, he has not. 275 00:18:06,660 --> 00:18:09,380 There was a construction belonging to no one. 276 00:18:09,380 --> 00:18:10,700 Why not to use it? 277 00:18:10,700 --> 00:18:13,580 Thus, the same ancient shelters were used. 278 00:18:14,019 --> 00:18:16,019 The ancient shelters is the best name for them. 279 00:18:16,019 --> 00:18:19,779 Andres Klerov, director of the 3rd millennium foundation. 280 00:18:19,779 --> 00:18:23,899 They were rebuilt into pyramids and into burial places. 281 00:18:23,899 --> 00:18:27,539 The original reason for building such shelters is not quite clear. 282 00:18:27,539 --> 00:18:31,000 But pharaohs preferred to use them as their burial places. 283 00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:32,740 For God's sake, why not? 284 00:18:32,740 --> 00:18:39,059 And why the pharaohs could not in this case put katushes with their names on old... 285 00:18:39,539 --> 00:18:43,740 Isn't it logical when a new boss comes and replaces a doorplate putting a new one with 286 00:18:43,740 --> 00:18:44,740 his name? 287 00:18:44,740 --> 00:18:47,059 There is nothing strange or bad in it. 288 00:18:47,059 --> 00:18:51,539 However, the approach of modern historians is different, and it will not recognize a 289 00:18:51,539 --> 00:18:53,980 spontaneous behavior like this. 290 00:18:53,980 --> 00:18:58,819 But if we will maintain later standpoint, then it will turn out that a lot of buildings 291 00:18:58,819 --> 00:19:01,579 in Egypt have a much more ancient origin. 292 00:19:01,579 --> 00:19:06,700 Thus, the inscriptions found now on the buildings are like modern graffiti... 293 00:19:06,779 --> 00:19:09,860 the names of the guys who made the inscriptions. 294 00:19:09,860 --> 00:19:15,220 It doesn't change anything and says nothing of the origin of the building or a statue. 295 00:19:15,220 --> 00:19:19,500 And if it is written Spartak the champion, it doesn't mean that the fence was erected 296 00:19:19,500 --> 00:19:21,980 by the gladiator of ancient Rome. 297 00:19:24,980 --> 00:19:26,980 Here there was a wedding. 298 00:19:28,980 --> 00:19:31,980 It might have been a palace of marriage, I believe. 299 00:19:32,980 --> 00:19:37,299 But historians continue to rely on inscriptions and figures. 300 00:19:37,299 --> 00:19:42,099 That's why the time of granite temple creation in Karnak is related to the New... 301 00:19:42,099 --> 00:19:44,980 is only three and a half thousand years ago. 302 00:19:44,980 --> 00:19:50,299 However, if we look closely at the inscriptions which inspired such conclusio... 303 00:19:50,299 --> 00:19:54,700 that they were made on the surface which had been strongly damaged by that time. 304 00:19:54,700 --> 00:20:01,019 More than one thousand years is needed for such erosion to appear on the granite. 305 00:20:01,059 --> 00:20:03,059 A lot had been chopped off. 306 00:20:03,059 --> 00:20:05,779 Here are traces of alteration. 307 00:20:05,779 --> 00:20:10,779 A part of the wall was simply cut down, and with primitive tools they didn't even smooth 308 00:20:10,779 --> 00:20:12,559 where it had been chopped off. 309 00:20:12,559 --> 00:20:15,900 This was evidently the time of pharaohs. 310 00:20:15,900 --> 00:20:20,139 The temple itself has a lot in common with the other constructions of the civilization 311 00:20:20,139 --> 00:20:25,379 of ancient gods, both in size of enormous blocks and in style of laying. 312 00:20:25,379 --> 00:20:29,379 The word temple means justly home of the god. 313 00:20:31,379 --> 00:20:35,980 Among the constructions of an ancient civilization of gods, we shall certainly l... 314 00:20:35,980 --> 00:20:37,819 Assyrian in Ibydos. 315 00:20:37,819 --> 00:20:43,019 You not only get amazed by its laconic beauty and austerity, but also even suppressed with 316 00:20:43,019 --> 00:20:44,420 its greatness. 317 00:20:44,420 --> 00:20:49,259 Its builders had laid enormous granite blocks with amazing skill. 318 00:20:49,259 --> 00:20:53,859 And the inscriptions here say nothing of the construction, but of renovations made in the 319 00:20:53,859 --> 00:20:55,299 time of pharaohs. 320 00:20:55,299 --> 00:21:00,579 Thus, the construction's original dates can not be defined. 321 00:21:00,579 --> 00:21:04,939 According to ancient legends, a tomb of god Osiris is located here. 322 00:21:04,939 --> 00:21:09,859 If it's true, then it was constructed more than 11,000 years ago. 323 00:21:12,619 --> 00:21:17,559 The construction time of the Giza granite temple with the Sphinx right by side was... 324 00:21:17,559 --> 00:21:21,059 to the time much earlier than that of the first pharaohs. 325 00:21:21,059 --> 00:21:25,419 However, later pharaoh Hafra was named as the creator of it. 326 00:21:25,420 --> 00:21:30,740 The reason for that was a syllable half found on the stem between the paws of the Sphinx. 327 00:21:30,740 --> 00:21:35,220 Actually, this syllable has nothing to do with the name of the pharaoh, as it was... 328 00:21:35,220 --> 00:21:40,100 without a katush, which was obligatory when putting the name of the pharaoh. 329 00:21:40,100 --> 00:21:43,259 And the statue of Hafra was found in the granite temple. 330 00:21:43,259 --> 00:21:45,980 However, it wasn't placed with honor. 331 00:21:45,980 --> 00:21:53,019 Hafra's statue was found buried in the temple with its head down. 332 00:21:53,019 --> 00:21:58,019 Many cultures consider it to be a disrespect, humiliation, or a punishment when a statue 333 00:21:58,019 --> 00:22:00,500 of a human is buried with its head down. 334 00:22:00,500 --> 00:22:05,779 So, in this temple Hafra was evidently not much esteemed and even on the contrary. 335 00:22:05,779 --> 00:22:11,579 There's a drain still preserved in the western wall of the Giza granite temple th... 336 00:22:11,579 --> 00:22:13,660 of the real age of it. 337 00:22:13,660 --> 00:22:18,859 In the times of pharaohs, climate was extremely dry in Egypt, and there was no n... 338 00:22:18,859 --> 00:22:19,940 a drainage. 339 00:22:19,940 --> 00:22:24,539 It was needed in the period of heavy rains, and it means that the age of the temple, as 340 00:22:24,539 --> 00:22:28,779 well as of the Sphinx, is not less than 8,000 years. 341 00:22:28,779 --> 00:22:31,900 Egyptians called it the house of God Osiris. 342 00:22:31,900 --> 00:22:37,180 And if we rely on statement of Manifo, an ancient historian, the age of a temple shall 343 00:22:37,180 --> 00:22:40,580 be not 8, but even 11,000 years. 344 00:22:40,580 --> 00:22:44,700 By the way, in the temple near the second pyramid there is a similar drainage, a... 345 00:22:44,700 --> 00:22:47,779 block with a semicircular trench. 346 00:22:47,779 --> 00:22:51,500 The size of the blocks the temple was made of can amaze anyone. 347 00:22:51,500 --> 00:22:55,660 No wonder there are many who doubt that it was built in a primitive society of ancient 348 00:22:55,660 --> 00:22:59,859 Egypt. 349 00:22:59,859 --> 00:23:04,740 These two strange constructions made of huge blocks resemble the construction stock not 350 00:23:04,740 --> 00:23:07,379 a temple. 351 00:23:07,379 --> 00:23:11,700 Here too we see the traces of ancient repair works. 352 00:23:11,700 --> 00:23:16,379 A piece of stone had fallen out here, and they filled the hole with solution with small 353 00:23:16,420 --> 00:23:18,980 stones as if they filled a tooth. 354 00:23:18,980 --> 00:23:21,980 Ancient restoration technique, but the date of it is not clear. 355 00:23:21,980 --> 00:23:27,500 However, the temples were renovated not only in ancient times, but also recently. 356 00:23:27,500 --> 00:23:31,520 Perhaps some centuries later people will wonder at the repairs made here today. 357 00:23:31,520 --> 00:23:35,620 We know what's going on now, but they will be lost, like we are now lost with the other 358 00:23:35,620 --> 00:23:37,100 one. 359 00:23:37,100 --> 00:23:42,700 However, in the remote past not only the pharaohs were engaged in renovations. 360 00:23:42,700 --> 00:23:47,240 They had done it also in the ancient civilization, which is natural. 361 00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:52,299 In fact, if we rely on the data from Manifold, God drained Egypt during thousan... 362 00:23:52,299 --> 00:23:59,420 and someday their constructions became unfit for use. 363 00:23:59,420 --> 00:24:06,019 At least for some pyramids, the outer layer of facing was made later than the actual... 364 00:24:06,019 --> 00:24:12,059 We can judge of the solutions used to fit the cracks between facing and nucleus. 365 00:24:12,099 --> 00:24:15,659 Mijipalov, candidate of science and technology. 366 00:24:15,659 --> 00:24:20,740 It is possible to judge of it by the difference of the surfaces inside a pyrami... 367 00:24:20,740 --> 00:24:23,460 to the exits. 368 00:24:23,460 --> 00:24:28,700 The layers closer to the exit as a rule were better preserved, though apparently it should 369 00:24:28,700 --> 00:24:34,339 be on the contrary. 370 00:24:34,339 --> 00:24:41,119 So we come to an assumption that pyramids were built first, several centuries or eve... 371 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:45,000 later after they had stayed unutilized. 372 00:24:45,000 --> 00:24:50,079 There came another stage when someone tried to make up a surface and renovated it or 373 00:24:50,079 --> 00:24:56,239 made a kind of restoration. 374 00:24:56,239 --> 00:25:02,219 And both construction of a nucleus and construction of facing are made so properl... 375 00:25:02,219 --> 00:25:07,839 of high technologies that I cannot even guess if it was the first or the second stage the 376 00:25:07,839 --> 00:25:13,159 builders of the pharaoh performed. 377 00:25:13,159 --> 00:25:18,199 Perhaps now it's the right time to get closely acquainted with the civilization o... 378 00:25:18,199 --> 00:25:23,759 to study the methods of ancient builders, their technologies and ancient knowledge. 379 00:25:23,759 --> 00:25:25,519 We'll discuss it in our next films.