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Thanks for watching!
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What I'm going to talk about is the new cosmology.
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And that of course is a very big subject and to try and do it in an hour and a half is very difficult.
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So what I'd like you to do is just gain an impression.
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That will be sufficient I think to show you the breadth of this new cosmology.
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This is the definition from that well-known but unreliable source Wikipedia.
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The first attempt at a definition says that it is the scientific study of the form, content, organization and evolution of the universe.
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But it goes on to say it is the branch of metaphysics dealing with the origin and structure of the universe.
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And here's where we get into trouble because metaphysics is in fact a kind of fiction.
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We can say nothing about the origin of the universe because we don't understand the origin of matter.
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So we ask the question, is it the queen of sciences because cosmology is supposed to be the all-embracing science.
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Everything else must fit under its umbrella.
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And if that's wrong then we don't have any real picture of our place in the universe or of our status as living creatures.
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So I ask the question, is it the queen of the sciences or the handmaiden of our culture and politics?
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And I say this because our modern cosmology of the Big Bang has more in common with the religious belief than anything to do with science.
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And also the politics involved in the Big Bang and also in academia in general is something not to be suffered in my opinion.
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So the next question is, is it just another creation myth dressed up in virtual reality?
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And you all know what virtual reality is. It's the kind of thing they use to make films like Avatar.
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And we're very clever at that.
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So when you watch programs on astronomy, most of the images there are virtual reality.
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They've been drawn by artists under the direction of astronomers and other scientists.
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And it is a creation myth. It is creationism.
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Because it's been called the ultimate free lunch.
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In the beginning there was nothing which exploded. It explains nothing.
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This is a friend of mine. I met at one of the plasma sciences conferences in the US.
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Dr. Jared Vershuo. He's a radio astronomer.
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Radio astronomers are very important in the Electric Universe because they're the people who can actually map the electric currents in deep space with their radio telescopes.
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And he asked in his book, Interstellar Matters,
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Who are we as a species to dare ask such mighty questions as concern the origin of the Universe?
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And in unique arrogance, I believe we may have the correct answer within cosmic microseconds of the asking.
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What we have right now I would call horse and buggy cosmology.
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Because most of the key ideas were formed in the horse and buggy era or even before.
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Of course the first was Newton and he was definitely in the horse and buggy era.
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With his laws of gravity.
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He at least had the common sense not to make any suggestions as to how gravity works.
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He just gave us a mathematical formula that describes what happens.
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We have Eddington who gave us the theory of how stars work.
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In particular the theory of the interior of the sun.
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And we have Einstein too. I think we can classify him as having at least lived or started his life in the horse and buggy era.
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So their present cosmology is really an accident of history that we haven't recovered from.
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It's another cosmology, the Big Bang cosmology in a long line of traditional cosmologies.
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And they all have certain features in common.
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The creation stories are sacred and they must be retold word perfectly.
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They invoke celestial gods, heroes and magic. We do the same right now.
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No critical dialogue is allowed. No correspondence will be entered into.
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And those who deviate from that story will be punished or banished.
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Nothing has changed.
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As a result there is no progress.
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And that has been the situation for the last 100 years I would suggest.
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The Big Bang creation myth is just another miraculous creation myth that abandons science.
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I don't know if you can read the cartoon here.
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The little alien is walking back to his colleague in the UFO saying,
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You won't believe the cosmology they've come up with.
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The story needs magic to begin, the magical creation of matter from nothing.
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And it also needs it at various stages in the narrative.
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It's what's called in scientific terms, renormalization.
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When all of your equations start to head out the window,
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you have to actually open the window and see what the real world says and plug those in to keep going.
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In other words, you invoke a miracle.
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It has its sacrosanct heroes and a god, which of course has to be a mathematician.
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Because the Big Bang theory is based largely on theoretical mathematics, not on physics.
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It's based on the firm belief that the universe is expanding.
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We have the evidence and have had it for decades that the universe is not expanding,
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but that evidence is not admitted because we have a very firm belief in place.
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It denies evidence that can't be woven into the myth, and that's typical of traditional cosmologies.
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So what we have is another traditional cosmology.
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We could not say that it's much better than that of the Aborigines.
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Some people have suggested that it is a new Ptolemaic universe that we have.
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Yes, you can develop a hypothetical geometrical gravitational model that gives the desired answers,
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but having to live with 96% of the resulting universe being dark and unobservable
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is no better than using the geometry of Ptolemaic epicycles
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to describe celestial motions around a central Earth.
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When you look at this diagram here, it shows you under the Big Bang theory
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how much of the universe is dark or unobservable.
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That's the little bit there that's real in the Big Bang theory.
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If you're happy with that, you'd be happy with anything.
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The important point to make is that mathematics is very valuable.
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It describes observed behavior.
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However, it explains nothing.
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Unless you've got the right concepts in place to know what mathematics to apply,
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then all you're doing is describing behavior.
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You're not explaining things.
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Modern cosmology is full of confused ideas.
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To begin with, quantum theory and relativity theory,
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which are both the two main pillars of Big Bang cosmology, are incompatible.
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And Einstein recognized that problem.
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Also, occasionally we get these headlines.
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We don't understand gravity.
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The various experiments that are carried out
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or results that come back from spacecraft
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suggest that there are problems with Newton's law of gravity.
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The question is, is Newton's law of gravity all that's acting out there?
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E equals mc squared, the best known and least understood equation
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I think there is in physics.
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Because in textbooks and in encyclopedias,
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within a few sentences of explaining this,
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it says E equals energy, m equals mass, c equals the speed of light,
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you'll see the word matter introduced instead of mass, as if the two are interchangeable.
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In reality, physicists have no idea why matter manifests with mass.
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In fact, they're spending billions on that hadron collider
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to try and find a hypothetical particle which causes the phenomenon of mass.
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It's one of the craziest ideas I've ever seen.
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Meaningless language is used.
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Space-time, the fabric of space-time,
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they hyphenate space and time as if they're the same kind of thing.
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They're two entirely different concepts.
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And then to call it a fabric is to introduce more confusion.
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And the confused use of language,
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this applies to things like the multiverse.
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Now the universe is defined as everything there is.
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To talk of a multiverse as nonsense, is meaningless.
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Because the universe includes everything,
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even if there were multiple versions within the universe.
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Also to talk of the universe expanding is meaningless.
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Expanding into what?
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So there's a lot of confusion in the language.
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The word dimension is used a lot.
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And it's misused by many as a result of the mathematician's use of the word dimension,
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which often means degrees of freedom.
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It has nothing to do with space or extra dimensions of space.
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So the bottom line is mathematics isn't physics,
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and yet most of our current cosmology is theoretical mathematics.
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This is Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell,
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who is famous for her discovery of the little green men,
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the pulsars, the signals that were received at the Jodhral Bank radio telescope.
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In a BBC show earlier this year, this is a direct quote from that show,
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I have this sense that we need to picture cosmology,
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the evolution of the universe, in a whole new way.
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Our nice simple picture is getting messier and messier and messier.
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Sometimes you discover the picture you thought you had,
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everybody thought we had, actually turns out to be wrong.
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So new concepts are needed.
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And I'd say that is the bottom line.
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It is impossible to devise a real cosmology from perfect mathematical principles alone.
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The physical concepts must be in place first and confirmed by experiment and observation.
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The principles of physics must be followed.
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And this is an important point and one that's often overlooked.
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Cosmology must be interdisciplinary.
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In other words, it's a theory that can have no exceptions.
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It doesn't matter what subject you're talking about, whether it's biology, geology or the history of man,
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everything must fit.
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That includes crystal skulls and giants in the past.
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Now Big Bang Theory has nothing to say about life, nothing sensible.
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It's just an accident according to the Big Bang Theory.
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And it has nothing sensible to say about the origins of planets or the solar system.
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So in other words, it's not very useful at all.
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The little cartoon, which may not be readable, this step here says, then a miracle occurs.
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I've seen that done actually in lectures on astrophysics.
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That's what I said, they call it renormalization.
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Here's a well-known physicist.
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Every effect has an antecedent cause.
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These are just the basic principles.
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If you depart from this, you're not talking science.
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No creation from nothing.
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No annihilation of matter.
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No time reversal.
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And the finite cannot become infinite.
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Those are my principles.
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If you don't like them, I have others.
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The Big Bang Theory is always associated with Edwin Hubble
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and the Hubble expansion and the Hubble constant.
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But what did Edwin Hubble actually say back in the 1930s?
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If the red shifts, and the red shifts are supposed to be a measure of the expansion of the universe,
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the more the red shifts, the faster the object's moving and the more distant it is.
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So he said, if the red shifts are a Doppler shift, the observations as they stand lead to the anomaly
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of a closed universe, curiously small and dense, and it may be added suspiciously young.
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And that was a problem for many years, where some stars appear to be older than the universe.
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But he said, on the other hand, if red shifts are not Doppler effects, these anomalies disappear
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and the region observed appears as a small, homogeneous, but insignificant portion of a universe
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extended indefinitely, both in space and time.
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That was in 1937.
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He went to his deathbed saying the same thing.
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And I regard that as the most sensible position for a scientist to take.
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He had a student called Halton, also called Chip Arp, his boyhood name.
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He has been termed by those who have looked at the evidence a modern-day Galileo,
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because he, and he's recognized in astronomy by his Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies,
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where he examined galaxies that were distorted and compiled this Atlas.
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In the process, he discovered that these high red shifted objects were preferentially situated
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near these distorted galaxies, as if something had gone on to create these highly red shifted objects.
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So he went on to show that Hubble's preferred option was actually the correct one.
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But that, of course, meant that there was no Big Bang.
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So what happened?
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He had his papers rejected and his telescope time taken away.
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And he was one of the most promising young astronomers at the time.
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On the left, this was his paper, scribbled in the corner by Sub-Romanian Chandrasekhar,
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the editor of the Astrophysics Journal at the time, was,
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This Succeeds My Imagination.
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Now that's not kind of a comment for a scientist to make on a paper.
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What he meant, I think, was that he couldn't imagine what would happen to him
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if this paper was published.
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Because what that paper was showing was that here's a normal galaxy here
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which has a bridge of matter between it and a little companion galaxy.
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But along this bridge are some objects, one here, one here,
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and these are very highly red shifted.
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This is the most highly red shifted, that's the least highly red shifted,
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followed by the companion galaxy.
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In other words, all of these are related.
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So if this highly red shifted object is related, it cannot be near the end of the universe.
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Which means that the red shift relationship refers to the youth of an object,
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not to its distance, and its faintness as a result of its youthfulness.
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I mean, this is a pretty simple idea.
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Fred Hoyle wrote, as a result of this paper, there was no Big Bang.
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The galaxy is the bridge to future physics.
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In other words, he was referring there in sort of double meaning.
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That bridge of matter meant that there was something we don't know,
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fundamental to the nature of matter, very important.
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Halton went on to show that quasars, these highly red shifted objects,
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are actually born from the nuclei of active galaxies.
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That's galaxies, something very strange is going on right in the centre,
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normally attributed to black holes.
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A follow-up paper came a while later, the Big Bang is dead.
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What they found was that right in front of this galaxy, there was a jet and a quasar on the end.
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So in other words, this quasar could not be behind this opaque nearby galaxy.
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Halton Arp was right.
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The result has been stonewalling.
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Even NASA now publishes pictures which are cropped or shown in such a way
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that you don't see the bridges or they're discounted in some fashion.
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One of the other important things that Halton Arp found was that these red shifts are quantized.
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Now this is absolutely astounding, because it's generally believed
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that quantum effects only occur at the subatomic level.
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And here we've got galactic-sized objects exhibiting quantum effects.
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This flies right in the face of Einstein's idea that the speed of light is some kind of a speed limit.
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Halton Arp's work has been published in a couple of books,
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but this one is probably the most significant, Seeing Red.
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And that has a double meaning, of course, because his treatment at the hands of the astronomical fraternity is absolutely disgraceful.
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In that book he presents all of the evidence in favor of his ideas.
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Strangely enough, too, a lot of his ideas do coincide with the Electric Universe model
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that I come up with before coming across Halton Arp.
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We've had clues about the electrical nature of the universe way back in the 1800s,
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and in fact it was not a taboo subject then.
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Here we have Sir John Herschel, who wrote in 1852 to Faraday,
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We stand on the verge of a vast cosmical discovery such as nothing hitherto imagined can compare with.
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Now these words are the same ones that have been used to me by scientists who've come over to my side,
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seen the light, so to speak, and seen the enormity of the change that this will introduce to science and our view of ourselves.
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This was in a letter to Faraday about the link between magnetic storms on the Earth and sunspots.
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This is Halton Arp embracing one of those plasma balls. You've all seen them.
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Halton Arp, I think, is very keen on the plasma cosmology.
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Plasma cosmology forms a part of the Electric Universe, as I'll show.
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The important point is that 99.999% of the universe is plasma.
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None of this 6% or so is real matter. This is almost the entire visible universe.
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What is plasma? I'll answer that in a moment.
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And what is plasma cosmology? Because I have to distinguish that from the Electric Universe model.
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And what is an Electric Universe?
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Plasma has been called the fundamental state of matter.
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It's also been called the fourth state of matter because it was the last one discovered.
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All of the matter on Earth is not in the plasma state. It's solids, liquids and gases.
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Plasma is another state where the atoms are dissociated so that some of the electrons are free to move
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and you leave behind positively charged nuclei so that you have positive and negative charges moving around.
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That means that they're subjected to the electric force, if there is one, or a magnetic force,
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and they behave in ways quite different to a gas or a solid or a liquid.
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So plasma is electrically conductive. In fact, it can be more conductive than copper.
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And it responds to a magnetic field.
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Moving plasma generates electric currents in nearby plasma.
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And it forms various discrete forms that are recognisable.
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For instance, the solar wind forms a sheet in the solar system where the planets are orbiting.
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It forms filaments like you see over here.
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And it can form bubbles like the magnetosphere of the Earth.
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The magnetosphere is wrongly called. It should be a plasma sheath.
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It's there because the magnetic field is there, of course, but there are also electrical requirements to form a magnetosphere.
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The other thing is that it produces radiation over large parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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And this is why the radioastronomers are important, because they can detect that radiation.
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The behaviour of plasma as a result of its response to electrical and magnetic forces is very complex.
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And it can cause glows, arcs, jets, filaments, beads, kinks, bubbles, sausage forms, winds,
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tornadoes and explosions.
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The solar wind is an example. It's not just a wind.
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The use of the word wind is incorrect. It's a plasma electrical current.
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The important point about all of this is that all of these things can be seen in the laboratory.
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And we can actually test our ideas in the laboratory, which is something you cannot do with the Big Bang Theory.
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And these things, once you recognize them in the laboratory, you can identify these same things in deep space.
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And that also is very important.
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But perhaps the most important thing to recognize is the sheer strength of the electric force compared with gravity.
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Gravity is such a weak force that, as one professor of physics pointed out to me on the bottom line there,
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if you divide the gravitational force by the electric force, it's effectively zero.
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That's why we can jump into the air away from the Earth.
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The entire Earth cannot stop us from jumping into the air away from it.
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Or we can use a tiny magnet to lift a ball bearing against the entire pull of the Earth.
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It's an exceedingly weak force.
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The electric force is 1,000 trillion, trillion, trillion times stronger than gravity.
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And yet this force is ignored in astronomy.
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You won't find any astronomy textbook that talks about electricity.
23:17.000 --> 23:19.000
Nothing in the index.
23:23.000 --> 23:28.000
The complexity of plasma behavior is demonstrated in deep space when you look at planetary nebula.
23:28.000 --> 23:36.000
This one here is a little difficult to see because of the light from here, but it's an hourglass shape.
23:36.000 --> 23:42.000
And they're concentric hourglasses and they are glowing. Once again, plasmas can glow.
23:42.000 --> 23:47.000
This is the central star here and there are these little objects here,
23:47.000 --> 23:51.000
which none of this is explained by gravitational theory. None of it.
23:51.000 --> 23:58.000
But despite the fact that all of these phenomena are very complex in behavior, they're very simple to explain.
23:58.000 --> 24:03.000
The standard electrical engineering and electromagnetic theory can explain all of this.
24:03.000 --> 24:07.000
And it can be demonstrated, as I said, in the laboratory.
24:10.000 --> 24:15.000
So what physics lies behind the wonderfully mysterious objects that shine in deep space?
24:15.000 --> 24:20.000
This is the Cat's Eye nebula, which is once again a familiar axial shape,
24:20.000 --> 24:25.000
but with a helix superimposed on this bubble. It's like a bubble wrap structure.
24:25.000 --> 24:30.000
All of these complexities are simply explained in plasma behavior.
24:33.000 --> 24:37.000
But the important point here is that energy has been supplied to the thin gas in space
24:37.000 --> 24:42.000
so that some atoms become ionized and glow. It is a glowing plasma.
24:42.000 --> 24:49.000
It's just like a fluorescent light or a neon tube. You have to supply electrical energy to get this glow.
24:49.000 --> 24:55.000
But what do astronomers say? This is a wind blowing away from the stars, colliding with gas that's already there.
24:55.000 --> 25:02.000
This is all very convenient. And it's also unlike the known behavior of any hot gas in space, the vacuum of space.
25:02.000 --> 25:08.000
It will dissipate immediately. It'll explode to fill the empty space.
25:08.000 --> 25:13.000
So having talked a bit about plasma, what is plasma?
25:13.000 --> 25:19.000
It's the study of the electrical behavior of matter on all scales.
25:19.000 --> 25:25.000
That's from the atomic up to the galactic and the galactic cluster size.
25:26.000 --> 25:33.000
Over here on the left is one of the places where we've learned a lot about plasma behavior of very high energies.
25:33.000 --> 25:38.000
This device is called a Z-pinch or an American Z-pinch.
25:38.000 --> 25:43.000
What happens is that energy is stored in banks of capacitors around a ring.
25:43.000 --> 25:51.000
And then a special switching arrangement feeds all of that electrical energy in a few millionths of a second
25:51.000 --> 25:57.000
into a central test object which is about the size of a baked bean tin.
25:57.000 --> 26:01.000
So here you've got, actually it's a billionths of a second.
26:01.000 --> 26:07.000
It focuses about 80 times the entire world's output of electricity into a few cubic centimeters.
26:07.000 --> 26:12.000
This is the kind of energy density you need to show what's going on in deep space.
26:12.000 --> 26:19.000
So the whole thing is based on sound empirical principles. That is observation and experiment.
26:20.000 --> 26:24.000
Plasma cosmology accepts a universe of unknown extent and age.
26:24.000 --> 26:31.000
This matches what Edwin Hubble felt was the preferred option for his redshift discovery.
26:31.000 --> 26:35.000
And it forms the backdrop of the Electric Universe.
26:35.000 --> 26:40.000
Because here we have the hard scientific evidence.
26:41.000 --> 26:45.000
Plasma cosmology is a recognized study by the IEEE.
26:45.000 --> 26:50.000
And I think this is significant. The engineers recognize it, but not the astronomers.
26:51.000 --> 26:56.000
It's based on the work of several Nobel Prize winners over the last century.
26:56.000 --> 27:03.000
It has many successful predictions, but it's ignored by astronomers.
27:06.000 --> 27:10.000
One of the pioneers of the Electric Universe was Christiane Birkeland
27:10.000 --> 27:16.000
who built a magnetic laboratory in the Arctic Circle under very difficult circumstances.
27:16.000 --> 27:19.000
He was a Nobel nominee.
27:19.000 --> 27:26.000
A book about his life and work was published a few years ago by Lucy Jago and I recommend it.
27:26.000 --> 27:28.000
Called The Northern Lights.
27:28.000 --> 27:34.000
As a result of his experiments he went back to the laboratory and built what he called a Torella,
27:34.000 --> 27:42.000
a small earth inside a big evacuated glass chamber and put a magnet in the center of it.
27:42.000 --> 27:46.000
And then performed high energy electrical discharges
27:46.000 --> 27:52.000
between that globe and an electrode in the vacuum chamber.
27:52.000 --> 27:55.000
And what did he find?
27:55.000 --> 27:58.000
He found that he could mimic the auroras.
27:58.000 --> 28:02.000
Not only that, he showed he could mimic sunspots, the rings of Saturn,
28:02.000 --> 28:09.000
a whole range of astronomical phenomena which are currently thought to have something to do with gravity.
28:09.000 --> 28:15.000
The important point of course to run this experiment he had to plug the whole thing into a socket in the wall.
28:15.000 --> 28:22.000
It was an electrical theory of auroras and the connection between the sun and the earth.
28:22.000 --> 28:27.000
He wrote, it seems to be a natural consequence of our points of view to assume that the whole of space
28:27.000 --> 28:31.000
is filled with electrons and flying electric ions of all kinds.
28:31.000 --> 28:35.000
He was right. That's plasma cosmology.
28:38.000 --> 28:43.000
It's interesting to note that electricity flows through a plasma
28:43.000 --> 28:47.000
along the magnetic field direction which is what an aurora does.
28:47.000 --> 28:53.000
These streams come down the magnetic field lines.
28:53.000 --> 28:58.000
But the currents take a particular form which is interesting.
28:58.000 --> 29:04.000
And that is this twisted pair or helical arrangement.
29:04.000 --> 29:09.000
And this is done because of the nature of the magnetic fields generated by each current
29:09.000 --> 29:12.000
and the way they draw together.
29:12.000 --> 29:16.000
And this twisting motion is interesting because one of the unsolved problems in cosmology
29:16.000 --> 29:20.000
is where did the rotation of galaxies and planets and stars come from?
29:20.000 --> 29:24.000
The answer is here. It's electrical.
29:28.000 --> 29:33.000
Alfvén is the Nobel Prize winner in plasma and is one of the first
29:33.000 --> 29:36.000
or the father of plasma cosmology I would say.
29:36.000 --> 29:41.000
And he wrote in the Boston Globe in 1989,
29:41.000 --> 29:46.000
people at lower latitudes have not really the opportunity to observe and understand the plasma universe.
29:46.000 --> 29:51.000
People are mad to run up to the north in summer to see the dead midnight sun.
29:51.000 --> 29:56.000
They should run up in winter to see the live aurora and see the plasma universe.
29:56.000 --> 30:00.000
And people who have witnessed the aurora say it's almost a mystical experience
30:00.000 --> 30:03.000
and appears to be a living thing in the sky.
30:03.000 --> 30:08.000
And this is important when we get a little later on to the mythology.
30:10.000 --> 30:12.000
Cosmic power lines.
30:12.000 --> 30:17.000
The electrical power transmission lines in space are cosmic Birkeland current filaments.
30:17.000 --> 30:22.000
They're named after the pioneer Birkeland.
30:22.000 --> 30:24.000
They're usually in plasma dark mode.
30:24.000 --> 30:30.000
In other words, there's not enough plasma density nor current density in most of space
30:30.000 --> 30:34.000
for these things to light up and glow. So you cannot see them.
30:34.000 --> 30:38.000
But they're there. It was as if you had one of those plasma balls,
30:38.000 --> 30:41.000
but you couldn't see the little filaments, but they're there dancing around.
30:44.000 --> 30:48.000
Now these Birkeland currents are to be found on all scales from the laboratory
30:48.000 --> 30:54.000
measured in millimeters or centimeters up to the galactic and super cluster size.
30:54.000 --> 31:01.000
So like birds on a power line, we are unaware of the electrical energy coursing past the Earth.
31:01.000 --> 31:04.000
As I said before, the solar wind is an electrical current,
31:04.000 --> 31:08.000
but it's not regarded as that, of course, for various reasons.
31:08.000 --> 31:14.000
But really, we are sitting on an electrified body in an electrified solar system
31:14.000 --> 31:18.000
with the sun as the focus of an electric discharge.
31:18.000 --> 31:24.000
One of the important aspects of the Electric Universe model
31:24.000 --> 31:28.000
is this what's called electromagnetic pinch effect.
31:28.000 --> 31:33.000
When you have current flowing through a plasma, remember it's a better conductor than copper wire.
31:33.000 --> 31:40.000
The magnetic field that's created around the wire, if the current density increases,
31:40.000 --> 31:45.000
it gets stronger and stronger and it squeezes the actual plasma itself.
31:45.000 --> 31:50.000
This experiment I did in the Telstra labs in Melbourne a few years ago.
31:50.000 --> 31:52.000
Now I'd better explain what's there.
31:52.000 --> 31:55.000
With this light, it's difficult to see what's under the table.
31:55.000 --> 31:59.000
There's nothing up my sleeve. It's all under the table.
31:59.000 --> 32:07.000
Over here, there is an insulator and a high-voltage terminal which comes up to this wire.
32:07.000 --> 32:12.000
Now this is a very thick piece of copper wound around a couple of times
32:12.000 --> 32:16.000
and connected to these terminals or to this terminal here.
32:16.000 --> 32:19.000
This terminal here is connected to the other side of the power source
32:19.000 --> 32:23.000
and there's thousands of volts and a very high current will flow
32:23.000 --> 32:26.000
when this conducting rod is brought down here.
32:26.000 --> 32:28.000
The result is like this.
32:33.000 --> 32:36.000
Sorry, didn't have the sound on. That's a pity.
32:37.000 --> 32:43.000
This shows what it does to a conductor.
32:43.000 --> 32:47.000
Now remember that plasma is a better conductor than metal, so exactly the same thing happens.
32:47.000 --> 32:51.000
If I go back and try it again.
32:56.000 --> 33:01.000
That's it. Now the can was very hot. I had to sort of toss it around a bit to cool it down.
33:01.000 --> 33:06.000
But you'll notice how it's constricted. That's pinched.
33:06.000 --> 33:10.000
Well, the same thing happens to plasma.
33:10.000 --> 33:13.000
We won't do it.
33:13.000 --> 33:21.000
Now this pinch is extremely significant because one of the unsolved problems of gravitational theory
33:21.000 --> 33:23.000
is how do you form galaxies?
33:23.000 --> 33:26.000
Because gravitational theory cannot form spiral galaxies,
33:26.000 --> 33:30.000
yet they're the most common form of galaxy that we see in the sky.
33:30.000 --> 33:34.000
The plasma experiments show that the spiral form is a natural result
33:34.000 --> 33:39.000
when two cosmic Birkeland currents come close to one another.
33:39.000 --> 33:43.000
What happens is they begin to pinch, as you saw in that experiment,
33:43.000 --> 33:46.000
and they begin to rotate, as I said.
33:46.000 --> 33:52.000
The result over a period of a billion years is a progression from this state here
33:52.000 --> 33:56.000
where the two Birkeland currents, this is the cross section marked in yellow,
33:56.000 --> 34:00.000
that's the magnetic field, that's what it looks like.
34:00.000 --> 34:04.000
A little later, they begin to rotate around one another.
34:04.000 --> 34:08.000
Later still, they form this sort of tadpole shape.
34:08.000 --> 34:11.000
And later still, you've got the complete spiral galaxy.
34:11.000 --> 34:16.000
So this is a natural form of the electric discharge in space.
34:19.000 --> 34:25.000
So a spiral galaxy is the grandest visible form of the electric discharge in the universe.
34:25.000 --> 34:28.000
It's as simple as that. And it should be as simple as that
34:28.000 --> 34:32.000
if we're going to explain all of those beautiful spiral galaxies that we see.
34:32.000 --> 34:37.000
It shouldn't require dark matter and black holes and all the other nonsense.
34:38.000 --> 34:40.000
I'll just go quickly through this.
34:40.000 --> 34:44.000
This just gives you some of the dimensions and some ideas of what's involved.
34:44.000 --> 34:47.000
And since it's in kiloparsecs, I'll skip to the next bit.
34:47.000 --> 34:51.000
This gives you an idea of the power involved.
34:51.000 --> 34:55.000
The average galactic Birkeland current is of the order of 10 million trillion amps.
34:55.000 --> 35:00.000
I mean, it's unimaginable. But that's got to power all of the stars in that galaxy.
35:00.000 --> 35:05.000
And the radiated synchrotron power that's both in light and radio
35:05.000 --> 35:09.000
is of the order of 10 trillion trillion trillion watts.
35:11.000 --> 35:17.000
This gives you some idea of how much electricity is involved in the electric universe.
35:18.000 --> 35:23.000
This is a computer simulation of what happens in that cosmic Z-pinch.
35:23.000 --> 35:27.000
And there's, once again, this sort of fine detail, which is very interesting.
35:27.000 --> 35:32.000
And, as I said before, it's the most efficient way of collecting matter from space
35:32.000 --> 35:37.000
and pinching it down and forming a condensed object, either a galaxy or a star.
35:38.000 --> 35:43.000
What you have is concentric cylinders of filaments. It forms filaments.
35:43.000 --> 35:45.000
It's called the filament instability.
35:45.000 --> 35:51.000
And your central current channel, and where the plasma is collected, is in the center here.
35:53.000 --> 35:56.000
Filamentation occurs in the large current.
35:56.000 --> 36:02.000
It has the unique property of concentrating matter on axis by a process called Markland convection.
36:03.000 --> 36:06.000
The important thing there is that it sorts the elements.
36:06.000 --> 36:10.000
On the outermost regions you have helium and hydrogen.
36:10.000 --> 36:13.000
Then the other gases, oxygen, nitrogen.
36:13.000 --> 36:16.000
Then the light elements, carbon, sulfur, followed by the heavy elements,
36:16.000 --> 36:18.000
iron, silicon, magnesium and so on.
36:18.000 --> 36:23.000
This is important because that means stars have a central core just like the Earth.
36:23.000 --> 36:27.000
Iron, silicon, magnesium, all the heavy elements.
36:27.000 --> 36:33.000
And, of course, an atmosphere largely of hydrogen and helium, which is what we observe.
36:33.000 --> 36:37.000
This is quite distinct from the present model, which says it's all hydrogen and helium.
36:39.000 --> 36:41.000
Starbirth.
36:41.000 --> 36:45.000
An example of the electromagnetic pinch on Earth is bead lightning.
36:45.000 --> 36:48.000
This is the sausage instability, if you like.
36:48.000 --> 36:51.000
Bead lightning appears after a particularly powerful fork lightning.
36:51.000 --> 36:57.000
A series of pinches in the lightning discharge channel has formed a string of glowing plasma beads.
36:57.000 --> 36:59.000
What do we see out in deep space?
36:59.000 --> 37:06.000
This is October last year, where the Herschel infrared telescope found Hey presto.
37:06.000 --> 37:10.000
The stars are being formed in strings.
37:10.000 --> 37:16.000
And the quote from the report from the European Space Agency was,
37:16.000 --> 37:21.000
A view of an incredible, once it's incredible,
37:21.000 --> 37:26.000
network of filamentary structures and features indicating a chain of near-simultaneous star formation events
37:26.000 --> 37:29.000
glittering like strings of pearls deep in our galaxy.
37:29.000 --> 37:34.000
This was a total shock to them, but it was no surprise, of course, to plasma cosmologists.
37:36.000 --> 37:40.000
We've got three e-books out at present available on the web.
37:40.000 --> 37:43.340
This is one of them, a picture of the
37:43.340 --> 37:47.340
filamentary instability and its relationship to the experiment.
37:47.340 --> 37:53.340
The idea with these books is to provide simple books that are easy to read with good diagrams.
37:53.340 --> 37:58.340
The interesting things on this particular slide is this over here.
37:58.340 --> 38:04.340
Where these filaments intersect an ejected ring of gas or dust from a star,
38:04.340 --> 38:07.340
it forms these bright beads.
38:07.340 --> 38:11.340
How does an explosion form this beautiful pattern? It doesn't.
38:11.340 --> 38:16.340
The star didn't explode, it was an electrical event.
38:16.340 --> 38:21.340
The Electric Universe goes a step further than plasma cosmology.
38:21.340 --> 38:24.340
This is a statement from an astronomer.
38:24.340 --> 38:28.340
Of course, there's a lot of information about the star,
38:28.340 --> 38:30.340
but it's not a big deal.
38:30.340 --> 38:33.340
The star is a very small object.
38:33.340 --> 38:36.340
This is a statement from an astronomer.
38:36.340 --> 38:40.340
Of course, there's electricity in space, but it doesn't do anything.
38:40.340 --> 38:43.340
The reason they say that is that they look at that force, the electric force,
38:43.340 --> 38:46.340
and they say there's no way you can separate charge
38:46.340 --> 38:49.340
because they're held together too strongly.
38:49.340 --> 38:53.340
But plasma physicists know that you can do it in a plasma.
38:53.340 --> 38:59.340
But of course, astronomers are taught a very stunted version of plasma physics.
38:59.340 --> 39:02.340
I know, I've done it.
39:02.340 --> 39:05.340
On the left is the giant Faraday disk motor,
39:05.340 --> 39:09.340
one of the simplest electrical motors known,
39:09.340 --> 39:12.340
at the center of the Crab Nebula.
39:12.340 --> 39:16.340
That's a time-lapse photo of its activity.
39:16.340 --> 39:21.340
Gravity and explosions and winds cannot explain that.
39:22.340 --> 39:26.340
So we have a whole series of physics misconceptions
39:26.340 --> 39:29.340
built into our current cosmology.
39:29.340 --> 39:32.340
Physics is really a study of natural philosophy,
39:32.340 --> 39:36.340
where you examine the meaning of words, what you really know,
39:36.340 --> 39:39.340
and all of that kind of thing.
39:39.340 --> 39:42.340
And mathematics is its tool.
39:42.340 --> 39:46.340
E equals mc squared signifies that energy, mass, and the speed of light
39:46.340 --> 39:49.340
are properties of matter.
39:49.340 --> 39:53.340
This is something that natural philosophers might have been able to work out,
39:53.340 --> 39:57.340
but the theoretical mathematicians haven't.
39:59.340 --> 40:02.340
There can be no vacuum energy, there's no such thing.
40:02.340 --> 40:05.340
You must have matter for energy to be present,
40:05.340 --> 40:08.340
which brings us to the subject of an ether.
40:08.340 --> 40:14.340
There must be a substrate of matter, which is almost intangible,
40:14.340 --> 40:19.340
but it has to be there for you to be able to transmit light through space
40:19.340 --> 40:23.340
and to have energy travel through space.
40:25.340 --> 40:28.340
And quantum effects imply that matter has a resonant substructure.
40:28.340 --> 40:32.340
This is something that even Einstein suggested,
40:32.340 --> 40:36.340
that quantum theory required a physical model to go with it.
40:36.340 --> 40:39.340
As it stands, it's just a recipe book.
40:41.340 --> 40:47.340
If that's the case, information can be held in that resonant substructure.
40:47.340 --> 40:49.340
And this relates to all kinds of things.
40:49.340 --> 40:55.340
Homeopathy, for instance, where water molecules can hold information.
40:55.340 --> 40:58.340
The original substance doesn't have to be there.
41:00.340 --> 41:05.340
The other important thing, and this is where Einstein's theory of relativity falls flat on its face,
41:05.340 --> 41:10.340
is that any coherence, in other words, for objects to be able to communicate
41:10.340 --> 41:17.340
that information to one another, requires a near infinite speed of transmission of that information.
41:17.340 --> 41:23.340
When we send spacecraft into deep space, they have the problem of their motion.
41:23.340 --> 41:27.340
They have to tune the receivers on Earth to allow for the Doppler shift.
41:27.340 --> 41:33.340
Now, if living creatures had to cater for a Doppler shift,
41:33.340 --> 41:37.340
biological systems just wouldn't work, in my opinion.
41:37.340 --> 41:45.340
Also, in the planetary system, if the planets did not know where the Sun is right at this instant,
41:45.340 --> 41:48.340
the system would fall apart in a very short space of time.
41:48.340 --> 41:51.340
The planets would be slung out of the solar system.
41:51.340 --> 41:54.340
So, gravity must operate at near infinite speed,
41:54.340 --> 41:57.340
which means, in the Electric Universe model,
41:57.340 --> 42:02.340
that the electric force itself must also operate at near infinite speed.
42:02.340 --> 42:05.340
And these have severe ramifications.
42:07.340 --> 42:10.340
So, we come to the substructure that I was talking about.
42:10.340 --> 42:14.340
And the inspiration for that came from a guy in New York called Ralph Sandsbury,
42:14.340 --> 42:17.340
who wrote a small paper called Electron Structure.
42:17.340 --> 42:20.340
And, of course, the guy in New York called the Sun.
42:20.340 --> 42:23.340
And, of course, according to physicists, electrons don't have structure.
42:23.340 --> 42:26.340
They're just a little point charge of negative charge.
42:26.340 --> 42:30.340
But they must have structure because they've got a magnetic moment.
42:30.340 --> 42:33.340
Something must be spinning inside them.
42:33.340 --> 42:37.340
With that very simple model, which is a classical model,
42:37.340 --> 42:40.340
in other words, a return to real objects,
42:41.340 --> 42:46.340
he proposes that all subatomic particles are resonant systems of charged subunits of matter,
42:46.340 --> 42:50.340
which he called subtrons, which cannot be created or destroyed.
42:50.340 --> 42:53.340
And that's an important principle of physics.
42:53.340 --> 42:59.340
It also means that the other stable particles, like the neutrino,
42:59.340 --> 43:03.340
must also have a resonant structure.
43:03.340 --> 43:07.340
And there was a clue in there as to the nature of the ether.
43:08.340 --> 43:13.340
And, once again, stability requires the electric force to operate at near infinite speed.
43:16.340 --> 43:22.340
The energy, and that is the mass of an object, is stored within the particle and it's electromagnetic.
43:22.340 --> 43:26.340
Mass is a measure of the ease of electrically deforming a particle.
43:26.340 --> 43:29.340
I suggest it's... some idea of that might be gained.
43:29.340 --> 43:33.340
If you have a balloon full of water and you try and move it by pushing it,
43:33.340 --> 43:36.340
it would rather deform than actually move.
43:36.340 --> 43:39.340
And this is the same for subatomic particles.
43:39.340 --> 43:44.340
If you try and accelerate them, they would rather deform than accelerate.
43:44.340 --> 43:47.340
And this is what you find in particle accelerators,
43:47.340 --> 43:51.340
and it's misinterpreted as an increase in mass of the particle.
43:51.340 --> 43:54.340
That's how it appears, but that's not the case.
43:54.340 --> 43:59.340
And you can't say that's the case either if you don't understand what mass is in the first place.
43:59.340 --> 44:05.340
So this is an attempt to put a simple model forward which explains all of these conundrums.
44:05.340 --> 44:10.340
Large particles are obviously easier to deform because the particles are further apart,
44:10.340 --> 44:14.340
and so appear more massive. That's the case of the proton.
44:14.340 --> 44:22.340
The neutrino, which has almost no mass, is the most collapsed and least interactive form of matter.
44:22.340 --> 44:26.340
I'll skip through this pretty quickly.
44:26.340 --> 44:32.340
In an electric field, an electron is distorted in such a way that it presents a small magnetic dipole.
44:32.340 --> 44:36.340
What happens is that the particles rearrange themselves
44:36.340 --> 44:40.340
so that the positive charge is on one end and negative on the other.
44:40.340 --> 44:47.340
As a result, in another wire nearby, if the same electric field is operating,
44:47.340 --> 44:52.340
the two wires will experience a force between them which is known as the magnetic force.
44:52.340 --> 44:57.340
And Ralph Sandsby was able to show that Ampere's law comes straight out of this simple model.
45:00.340 --> 45:04.340
That's what we call magnetism. Magnetism is still a puzzle.
45:04.340 --> 45:07.340
You know, there's still the idea that you can have magnetic monopoles.
45:07.340 --> 45:12.340
Well, this shows you can't. And this is the reason why you can't. It's a dipolar force.
45:12.340 --> 45:15.340
Is gravity electrical?
45:15.340 --> 45:19.340
I'll put that little cartoon in there. It sort of appeals to me.
45:19.340 --> 45:23.340
I think I'm the one who's actually regarding the laws of physics
45:23.340 --> 45:27.340
more than the physicists with their feet on the ground.
45:27.340 --> 45:32.340
The question is of fundamental importance for cosmology and our understanding of the solar system.
45:32.340 --> 45:36.340
And the answer should provide insights into the demise of the dinosaurs,
45:36.340 --> 45:40.340
into the sky our ancestors saw, and why they feared doomsday.
45:40.340 --> 45:47.340
You'd think that's a pretty long bow to draw, but I'll show you that it all comes together quite easily.
45:47.340 --> 45:51.340
Electric gravity. What happens in, say, the Earth or the Sun?
45:51.340 --> 45:58.340
You have a gravitational field. The nucleus is, if it's just a proton, say a hydrogen atom,
45:58.340 --> 46:05.340
the nucleus, the proton, is 2,000 times roughly heavier, more massive than the electron.
46:05.340 --> 46:11.340
So what's going to happen in an atom? The nucleus will tend to fall towards the center of the object
46:11.340 --> 46:16.340
and the electron's orbit will be stretched outwards so that it forms a little electric dipole.
46:16.340 --> 46:20.340
Now this is never considered in any model of the Sun or the Earth.
46:20.340 --> 46:25.340
So what you end up with is a dipolar electric field aligned radially.
46:25.340 --> 46:29.340
The same thing happens to the subatomic particles within each atom.
46:29.340 --> 46:35.340
The electrons, the protons, the neutrons and so on also suffer this distortion.
46:37.340 --> 46:42.340
And it is that distortion of the subatomic particles themselves which is the weak force of gravity
46:42.340 --> 46:44.340
and explains why it's so weak.
46:44.340 --> 46:49.340
Those particles are so tiny that the distortion is tinier still.
46:49.340 --> 46:53.340
The result is a force which is almost infinitesimally small.
46:56.340 --> 47:03.340
So what you end up with is planets and stars are bodies which behave rather like electrettes.
47:03.340 --> 47:09.340
That is an object which maintains an electrostatic charge.
47:09.340 --> 47:14.340
It also suggests that things inside planets and stars are not exactly what we thought they were.
47:14.340 --> 47:18.340
If there are any free electrons around they will tend to drift towards the surface
47:18.340 --> 47:23.340
and this would apply particularly to the Sun where there are plenty of free electrons.
47:23.340 --> 47:27.340
And like a subatomic particle under the stress of an electric field
47:27.340 --> 47:32.340
the internal electrical stress modifies the apparent mass and gravity of the planet or star.
47:32.340 --> 47:35.340
Now this is something that is never considered.
47:35.340 --> 47:41.340
And so astronomers blithely calculate the mass of the planet by the trajectory of a space object.
47:41.340 --> 47:46.340
And then calculate the density of that object and say it must have an iron core
47:46.340 --> 47:49.340
or it's mostly gas or water or whatever.
47:49.340 --> 47:54.340
In the case of Saturn for instance it's supposed to be able to float in a bath of water if you had one big enough.
47:54.340 --> 47:56.340
This is nonsense.
47:56.340 --> 48:01.340
What it's telling you is something about the electrical nature of that body.
48:01.340 --> 48:04.340
In Saturn it's showing us something very strange about it.
48:04.340 --> 48:09.340
The other interesting thing is that if you exchange charge with a planet
48:09.340 --> 48:12.340
it will change its mass and its gravity and its orbit.
48:12.340 --> 48:15.340
So all those things are involved.
48:16.340 --> 48:20.340
We have the problem of Earth's gravity and the giants in the past.
48:20.340 --> 48:27.340
And this probably ties in with what Klaus was saying in the last presentation.
48:27.340 --> 48:31.340
We have the problem of the Earth's gravity and the giants in the past.
48:31.340 --> 48:34.340
And this probably ties in with what Klaus was saying in the last presentation.
48:34.340 --> 48:38.340
We have plenty of reports that pterodactyls were too heavy to fly.
48:38.340 --> 48:43.340
And in the early days when they first began uncovering dinosaur fossils
48:43.340 --> 48:48.340
they decided they must be weighters because they needed buoyancy to support that weight.
48:48.340 --> 48:57.340
Because it was understood then that an animal that size couldn't exist under present day gravity without some assistance.
48:57.340 --> 49:04.340
That was forgotten of course because it was inconvenient and they found fossils where there was no water.
49:04.340 --> 49:12.340
Scaling of muscle and bone strength shows that dinosaurs could not have raised their bodies off the ground in today's gravity.
49:12.340 --> 49:20.340
Let alone like in the film Jurassic Park where a brontosaur stands on its hind legs to graze the top of some gigantic tree.
49:20.340 --> 49:26.340
For them to move about or fly it's been calculated that the Earth's gravity needed to be one third or less
49:26.340 --> 49:30.340
of today's gravity and that's a huge change.
49:30.340 --> 49:36.340
So global extinction of the dinosaurs required far more than a simple impact.
49:36.340 --> 49:41.340
We do not understand gravity on the basis of Big Bang cosmology.
49:41.340 --> 49:45.340
That's what that's showing.
49:45.340 --> 49:52.340
So changing planetary mass can occur if you have electrical encounters with another body in space.
49:52.340 --> 49:58.340
Remember all planets are charged. All asteroids are charged. All comets are charged.
49:58.340 --> 50:04.340
And the bigger the exchange between two objects the greater the orbital adjustments.
50:04.340 --> 50:09.340
In fact it forms an efficient mechanism for collision avoidance.
50:09.340 --> 50:14.340
And I suggest this would be the case with a comet approaching the Earth.
50:14.340 --> 50:20.340
Also it helps explain the spacing of the planetary orbits.
50:21.340 --> 50:27.340
The inner planet reduces its charge or polarization or in other words its mass
50:27.340 --> 50:31.340
and the outer planet increases its polarization in the exchange.
50:31.340 --> 50:35.340
So the question is, is this possible?
50:35.340 --> 50:46.340
One of the things that's never really advertised is that gravity for more than two bodies in orbit is an unstable system.
50:46.340 --> 50:50.340
In other words if one of the planets was to move slightly out of its orbit
50:50.340 --> 50:52.340
there's nothing to restore it to its previous orbit.
50:52.340 --> 50:58.340
In fact the chances are it will destabilize the next planet and so on and you'll end up without a chaos.
50:58.340 --> 51:01.340
And this is what the mathematics shows as well.
51:01.340 --> 51:05.340
But people ignore the mathematics when it doesn't show what they want.
51:05.340 --> 51:10.340
So can this charge transfer occur? Yes it can.
51:10.340 --> 51:14.340
There is an intermittent circuit for transferring electrons from the inner planet to the outer
51:14.340 --> 51:16.340
when they are aligned with the Sun.
51:16.340 --> 51:22.340
And this was discovered back in the 80s by a spacecraft between the SOHO spacecraft
51:22.340 --> 51:25.340
which was orbiting between the Earth and the Sun.
51:25.340 --> 51:32.340
And it found when Venus was lined up with the Sun it detected all of these stringy things.
51:32.340 --> 51:39.340
Now stringy things are another word for Birkeland currents, Birkeland filaments.
51:39.340 --> 51:44.340
So this is the time when charge transfer can occur between planets.
51:46.340 --> 51:52.340
It's in the correct sense to induce the planets to move apart into orbits having electrical least interaction.
51:52.340 --> 51:55.340
This explains why the system is stable.
51:55.340 --> 51:58.340
Gravity can't do it, this model can.
52:00.340 --> 52:04.340
Quickly it will appear as though the system operates according to Newton's law
52:04.340 --> 52:06.340
There is no sign of recent instability.
52:06.340 --> 52:12.340
So we could have had a complete chaos in the solar system 10,000, 20,000 years ago
52:12.340 --> 52:15.340
and there would be no sign of it today.
52:18.340 --> 52:23.340
Just quickly, nuclear physics. Matter cannot be created or destroyed, once again.
52:23.340 --> 52:25.340
So what happens in an atom bomb?
52:25.340 --> 52:29.340
The complicated zoo of particles created in atom smashes and atom bombs
52:29.340 --> 52:33.340
are short-lived resonant states of those subtrons.
52:34.340 --> 52:40.340
Anti-matter is a misnomer, this is one of the confusing aspects of present physics.
52:40.340 --> 52:42.340
There's no such thing as anti-matter.
52:42.340 --> 52:49.340
If all matter is made up of subtrons, it just means that anti-matter is a rearrangement of those subtrons
52:49.340 --> 52:54.340
so that it has the opposite charge to its normal particle.
52:54.340 --> 52:56.340
It means that you cannot annihilate.
52:56.340 --> 53:01.340
The word annihilate in atomic physics should never be used.
53:02.340 --> 53:07.340
It also means that cold fusion and biological transmutation of elements,
53:07.340 --> 53:11.340
according to the French professor Louis Kervran, is possible.
53:11.340 --> 53:15.340
And it's possible in the presence of a resonant catalyst like a heavy metal atom.
53:15.340 --> 53:19.340
Those heavy metal atoms like iron and magnesium and so on
53:19.340 --> 53:24.340
have so many resonances built into them that if you brought another particle close to them
53:24.340 --> 53:29.340
they can actually pick up that resonance and be used to transmute elements.
53:29.340 --> 53:33.340
And it's interesting to note that hemoglobin uses the iron atom
53:33.340 --> 53:38.340
and chlorophyll uses the magnesium atom to perform minor miracles.
53:40.340 --> 53:44.340
Space and time, they're two different concepts.
53:44.340 --> 53:49.340
Space can only be three-dimensional and is unaffected by the presence of matter.
53:50.340 --> 53:53.340
And due to the near-infinite speed on our scale of the electric force,
53:53.340 --> 53:57.340
there is a universal time, a universal clock.
53:57.340 --> 53:59.340
Goodbye Einstein.
53:59.340 --> 54:04.340
And also for those Doctor Who fans, I'm afraid time travel is impossible.
54:05.340 --> 54:07.340
Still good fun.
54:08.340 --> 54:11.340
So we return, we need a return to the ether.
54:11.340 --> 54:16.340
Einstein discarded the ether without explaining how Maxwell's laws
54:16.340 --> 54:23.340
of electromagnetic radiation could still work because Maxwell's laws require a medium, an ether.
54:24.340 --> 54:28.340
Empty space is full of neutrinos and I suggest that is the medium.
54:28.340 --> 54:33.340
You can evacuate a chamber so there's not an atom in it, if that were possible,
54:33.340 --> 54:36.340
but it would still be teeming with neutrinos.
54:38.340 --> 54:43.340
Because they've got a vanishingly small mass, there's the lowest energy state of matter.
54:44.340 --> 54:48.340
Composed of subtrons, they will also distort into an electric field
54:48.340 --> 54:53.340
and therefore they will transmit energy through what is supposed to be a complete vacuum.
54:54.340 --> 54:59.340
The speed of light is related to the difficulty of spinning a neutrino.
55:00.340 --> 55:03.340
So in other words, the speed of light is a property of matter.
55:04.340 --> 55:06.340
Nothing to do with space.
55:07.340 --> 55:11.340
Neutrinos may reintroduce cause and effect to radioactive decay.
55:11.340 --> 55:13.340
That's just an added bonus.
55:14.340 --> 55:17.340
So James Clark Maxwell was right.
55:18.340 --> 55:21.340
Light is an electric ripple moving through a medium
55:21.340 --> 55:25.340
and the speed of light depends on the inertia of the medium to the electric field.
55:25.340 --> 55:28.340
Light is not a particle, there's no such thing as a photon.
55:29.340 --> 55:34.340
And quantum effects are due to resonance between the transmitter and receiver via that electric force.
55:36.340 --> 55:38.340
When you think about it, light is exceedingly slow.
55:38.340 --> 55:40.340
It takes eight minutes to get from the Sun to the Earth
55:40.340 --> 55:44.340
and it takes 100,000 years to get from one side of the galaxy to another.
55:44.340 --> 55:48.340
It's absolutely hopeless as a means of transferring information
55:48.340 --> 55:52.340
to allow these objects to exist as a coherent structure.
55:53.340 --> 55:55.340
So light travels like ripples on a pond.
55:56.340 --> 56:01.340
On the other hand, gravity travels swiftly, straight through, like the speed of sound in water.
56:01.340 --> 56:04.340
It's just an analogy but it gives you some idea of what's going on.
56:06.340 --> 56:07.340
I said that before.
56:08.340 --> 56:11.340
Otherwise the universe would be completely incoherent.
56:11.340 --> 56:18.340
Quantum effects, they're due to the near-infinite speed interaction between particles.
56:19.340 --> 56:23.340
Such instant behaviour is considered presently as spooky.
56:23.340 --> 56:26.340
It's not. It's natural. It's the electric force.
56:28.340 --> 56:32.340
And the disconnect between cause and effect in present-day quantum theory
56:32.340 --> 56:35.340
allows infinite possibilities and a descent into science fiction.
56:35.340 --> 56:40.340
If anyone's seen that film, What the Bleak, you'll know.
56:41.340 --> 56:42.340
You'll know what I'm talking about.
56:44.340 --> 56:51.340
So some of our heroes will have to be taken down from their pedestals and taken to the museum.
56:53.340 --> 56:58.340
Science did take a long turn in the 1920s and 30s. Perception became reality.
56:58.340 --> 57:03.340
Einstein's view that it was like saying a train receding into the distance.
57:03.340 --> 57:06.340
The person waving to you is actually shrinking.
57:06.340 --> 57:09.340
Their watch is ticking more slowly.
57:09.340 --> 57:12.340
It's rubbish. I mean, we know it's rubbish.
57:12.340 --> 57:18.340
But unfortunately that kind of perception is what has been introduced into physics.
57:21.340 --> 57:23.340
Once again, equals mc squared.
57:25.340 --> 57:29.340
And as one physicist pointed out, everyone who takes relativity seriously
57:29.340 --> 57:33.340
believes in the reality of at least one direction in which one cannot point.
57:34.340 --> 57:36.340
In other words, there are only three dimensions of space.
57:36.340 --> 57:37.340
You point me the fourth one.
57:40.340 --> 57:45.340
So those who followed Einstein bequeathed us a disconnected, incoherent universe
57:45.340 --> 57:47.340
that simply cannot function or give rise to life.
57:47.340 --> 57:50.340
I don't include Einstein in there because he had the integrity to say
57:50.340 --> 57:53.340
that probably most of what he'd written was wrong.
57:53.340 --> 57:57.340
It's those who followed him who perpetuated and built the myth.
57:59.340 --> 58:03.340
The Electric Universe. This is a quote from early on when I was writing this stuff.
58:03.340 --> 58:07.340
From the smallest particle to the largest galactic formations,
58:07.340 --> 58:11.340
a web of circuitry and the electric force connects and unifies all of nature,
58:11.340 --> 58:15.340
organizing galaxies, energizing stars, giving birth to planets,
58:15.340 --> 58:19.340
and on our own world, controlling weather and animating biological organisms.
58:20.340 --> 58:23.340
There are no isolated islands in space,
58:23.340 --> 58:26.340
which is quite distinct from the hopeless Big Bang cosmology
58:26.340 --> 58:29.340
where everything is disconnected and accidental.
58:32.340 --> 58:33.340
The Electric Sun.
58:33.340 --> 58:38.340
Arthur Eddington bequeathed us a simple model for such a simple thing as a star.
58:38.340 --> 58:42.340
At that stage, plasma physics was in its infancy.
58:42.340 --> 58:44.340
So I suppose he could be forgiven.
58:47.340 --> 58:49.340
He used simple gas laws applicable on Earth.
58:49.340 --> 58:52.340
As I said, plasma is something we don't experience on Earth
58:52.340 --> 58:56.340
because we only experience normally solids, liquids and gases.
58:56.340 --> 59:00.340
Lightning is a plasma, but we don't experience that unless we're very unlucky.
59:01.340 --> 59:06.340
It resulted in a simplistic model that took no account of the observed complexities of the Sun.
59:06.340 --> 59:11.340
All of the things that happen on the surface of the Sun have no explanation in the standard model.
59:11.340 --> 59:15.340
They have to be add-ons, add-on explanations.
59:15.340 --> 59:22.340
That's sunspots, granulation, the umbras of sunspots, spicules, coronal mass ejections,
59:22.340 --> 59:25.340
all these things have no business in that standard model.
59:26.340 --> 59:29.340
The Sun's surface is covered with complex magnetic fields.
59:29.340 --> 59:32.340
Only electricity can produce magnetic fields.
59:32.340 --> 59:35.340
Therefore the Sun must be understood in terms of electric circuits.
59:35.340 --> 59:40.340
And this is something that Hans Alfvén, the Nobel Prize winner, was saying for decades.
59:40.340 --> 59:42.340
He actually drew the circuits.
59:42.340 --> 59:45.340
Where are these circuits? Well, Alfvén showed us.
59:45.340 --> 59:50.340
What creates them? That's the motion of plasma in the universe.
59:51.340 --> 59:52.340
And what sustains them?
59:52.340 --> 59:57.340
What sustains them? Well, when you get to that kind of question, you're asking the big questions.
59:57.340 --> 59:59.340
And the answer is we don't know.
01:00:02.340 --> 01:00:05.340
This guy was a doctor of physics.
01:00:05.340 --> 01:00:11.340
He's a fellow of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, the Institute of Physics, and the Royal Astronomical Society.
01:00:11.340 --> 01:00:13.340
So he covered the ground pretty well.
01:00:13.340 --> 01:00:15.340
He was also an expert on lightning effects.
01:00:15.340 --> 01:00:21.340
In 1941, he identified cosmic jets, solar flares, magnetic fields, and high temperatures.
01:00:21.340 --> 01:00:25.340
Electric discharge phenomena on the Sun and in deep space.
01:00:25.340 --> 01:00:31.340
He published an all-electric universe in Electrical Review in 1960.
01:00:31.340 --> 01:00:33.340
So there are precursors.
01:00:33.340 --> 01:00:37.340
The build-up to the electric universe has been about a century.
01:00:39.340 --> 01:00:46.340
This guy inspired me in 1972 when he wrote articles on the gas discharge solar model.
01:00:46.340 --> 01:00:50.340
The beauty of it is, as he pointed out,
01:00:50.340 --> 01:00:55.340
the modern astrophysical concept that ascribes the Sun's energy to thermonuclear reactions deep in the solar interior
01:00:55.340 --> 01:00:59.340
is contradicted by nearly every observable aspect of the Sun.
01:00:59.340 --> 01:01:03.340
And until that's pointed out, you just sort of go along with the story.
01:01:03.340 --> 01:01:09.340
The reason why nuclear energy was applied, of course, was that Eddington had the problem of how do you sustain
01:01:09.340 --> 01:01:12.340
the energy of the Sun over billions of years?
01:01:12.340 --> 01:01:16.340
And of course, when thermonuclear energy popped up, he grabbed it immediately
01:01:16.340 --> 01:01:19.340
because that was about the only answer that was available to him.
01:01:19.340 --> 01:01:22.340
But if the galaxy is supplying the power, that problem goes away.
01:01:22.340 --> 01:01:24.340
The Sun is not burning itself up.
01:01:24.340 --> 01:01:27.340
It's actually using power that it gathers from the galaxy.
01:01:29.340 --> 01:01:34.340
So he provided a simple gas discharge model which is applicable to all stars.
01:01:34.340 --> 01:01:42.340
It explains red giants, white dwarfs, and all of the other various forms of stars we observe.
01:01:42.340 --> 01:01:44.340
And the planetary nebulae.
01:01:44.340 --> 01:01:48.340
I won't go into detail here, but it shows a very interesting point.
01:01:49.340 --> 01:01:52.340
The photosphere is made up of these granules,
01:01:52.340 --> 01:01:59.340
but the granules themselves are actually tufts on the top of what you might call electrical tornadoes.
01:01:59.340 --> 01:02:04.340
And the electrical characteristics of these is that of a transistor.
01:02:04.340 --> 01:02:09.340
Because one of the puzzles is, why does the Sun's output stay so steady
01:02:09.340 --> 01:02:16.340
when we know that the sunspot cycle is related to X-rays and X-rays are related to the electrical input,
01:02:16.340 --> 01:02:23.340
and the Sun is a variable star in X-rays, it goes dark at the low point in the cycle
01:02:23.340 --> 01:02:26.340
and it's quite bright in X-rays at the high point.
01:02:26.340 --> 01:02:30.340
So the Sun is a variable star in X-rays, why does it shine so steadily?
01:02:30.340 --> 01:02:33.340
The answer is simple electrical engineering.
01:02:33.340 --> 01:02:38.340
These tufts act to steady the light output of a star.
01:02:38.340 --> 01:02:40.340
It's just brilliant.
01:02:40.340 --> 01:02:45.340
What actually happens is that it acts like a barrier, like a hill.
01:02:45.340 --> 01:02:49.340
So the charged particles trying to escape from the Sun find this barrier,
01:02:49.340 --> 01:02:54.340
and this barrier changes, it shifts it in order to maintain steady output.
01:02:54.340 --> 01:02:58.340
When they get the other side, they rush down the hill, collide with incoming matter
01:02:58.340 --> 01:03:04.340
and form the high energy corona, the 20 million degrees, 2 million degree corona,
01:03:04.340 --> 01:03:09.340
which is a total puzzle to the Standard Model.
01:03:09.340 --> 01:03:12.340
So we have transistor-like power control for the Sun.
01:03:12.340 --> 01:03:16.340
I mean, it's just amazing.
01:03:16.340 --> 01:03:20.340
Sunspots are not explained by the Standard Model.
01:03:20.340 --> 01:03:22.340
They're an embarrassment.
01:03:22.340 --> 01:03:27.340
Their darkness, structure and behavior, their shift in latitude and so on
01:03:27.340 --> 01:03:31.340
have defied all attempts to explain them.
01:03:31.340 --> 01:03:35.340
It doesn't look like turbulent boiling hot gases, which is what we're told.
01:03:35.340 --> 01:03:39.340
Those things are structured.
01:03:39.340 --> 01:03:42.340
And why is the Sunspot dark if the Sun is hotter underneath?
01:03:42.340 --> 01:03:44.340
It should be brighter.
01:03:44.340 --> 01:03:50.340
They give us a story about magnetic constriction, stopping the flow of heat.
01:03:50.340 --> 01:03:53.340
But that's a desperate story.
01:03:53.340 --> 01:03:56.340
The simplest answer is that it's cooler,
01:03:56.340 --> 01:04:00.340
because the interior of the Sun is cooler than the interior of the Sun.
01:04:00.340 --> 01:04:05.340
Because the interior of the Sun is not producing the heat energy that we receive.
01:04:05.340 --> 01:04:08.340
This is a picture from our e-book on the Electric Sun,
01:04:08.340 --> 01:04:13.340
which shows here that the center of the Sun is a solid or a liquid.
01:04:13.340 --> 01:04:17.340
It has an extensive atmosphere, thousands of degrees cooler than the photosphere,
01:04:17.340 --> 01:04:20.340
which is this yellow line here.
01:04:20.340 --> 01:04:25.340
Above that is the chromosphere, which is that red glow you see during a total eclipse.
01:04:25.340 --> 01:04:29.340
And then the corona, a million degrees, 2 million degrees out here,
01:04:29.340 --> 01:04:32.340
rising to 20 million further out.
01:04:32.340 --> 01:04:36.340
There's no way you can have a 16 million degree core,
01:04:36.340 --> 01:04:42.340
20 million degree corona, and a 5,000 degree photosphere in the middle.
01:04:42.340 --> 01:04:45.340
Absolute nonsense.
01:04:48.340 --> 01:04:51.340
The superheated corona is a familiar glow discharge phenomenon
01:04:51.340 --> 01:04:55.340
recognized by high voltage engineers.
01:04:55.340 --> 01:04:56.340
Solar tornadoes.
01:04:56.340 --> 01:05:00.340
Those penumbral filaments that you saw a moment ago in that other picture,
01:05:00.340 --> 01:05:05.340
in the clearest pictures we can get, they have bright edges and a dark core.
01:05:05.340 --> 01:05:06.340
And also they spiral.
01:05:06.340 --> 01:05:10.340
And notice, they are electrical tornadoes.
01:05:10.340 --> 01:05:14.340
A tornado is a slow electric discharge.
01:05:14.340 --> 01:05:17.340
They're thousands of kilometers long.
01:05:20.340 --> 01:05:23.340
Bright lightning flecks their granular tops.
01:05:23.340 --> 01:05:27.340
The inset there is a picture of an artificial tornado of fire
01:05:27.340 --> 01:05:29.340
generated by Special Effects Company.
01:05:29.340 --> 01:05:33.340
And you'll notice it has bright edges and a dark core.
01:05:33.340 --> 01:05:36.340
This is exactly what you've got here on the Sun.
01:05:38.340 --> 01:05:39.340
This is the sunspot cycle.
01:05:39.340 --> 01:05:43.340
As I said, the Sun is a variable star in X-rays.
01:05:43.340 --> 01:05:47.340
So the Sun is connected to a galactic circuit which is subject to varying input.
01:05:47.340 --> 01:05:50.340
And this is normal. Plasma usually oscillates.
01:05:51.340 --> 01:05:55.340
Seen over an 11-year period, the Sun is a variable X-ray star.
01:05:58.340 --> 01:05:59.340
The solar transformer.
01:05:59.340 --> 01:06:05.340
This explains the change in sunspot magnetism and the switch of the magnetic field.
01:06:05.340 --> 01:06:07.340
It's just like a transformer.
01:06:07.340 --> 01:06:11.340
Although you're getting a direct current input, the direct current is varying.
01:06:11.340 --> 01:06:14.340
The X-rays in the solar cycle show that.
01:06:14.340 --> 01:06:19.340
And so the Sun behaves like a transformer and the reversal of the field occurs
01:06:19.340 --> 01:06:23.340
when the field decreases or increases.
01:06:24.340 --> 01:06:26.340
So that's a very simple explanation.
01:06:32.340 --> 01:06:36.340
I'll skip through this bit, I think, because I think the time is getting short.
01:06:36.340 --> 01:06:40.340
But of course, if the Sun is electrical, the solar system is electrical,
01:06:40.340 --> 01:06:42.340
comets are an electrical phenomenon.
01:06:42.340 --> 01:06:48.340
So all of the aspects of a comet that we see are natural electric discharge phenomena.
01:06:48.340 --> 01:06:51.340
They are really asteroids on elongated orbits.
01:06:51.340 --> 01:06:59.340
They're not balls of ices and stuff which was left over from the formation of the solar system
01:06:59.340 --> 01:07:03.340
because the solar system was not formed as we were told by gravity.
01:07:03.340 --> 01:07:08.340
Matter is ejected in electrical jets, cathode jets they're called.
01:07:08.340 --> 01:07:13.340
Some of these appear on the dark side which makes a nonsense of solar heating as their source.
01:07:14.340 --> 01:07:18.340
The nucleus is burnt blacker than copiotonin because they are electrical arcs
01:07:18.340 --> 01:07:21.340
that are taking the material away.
01:07:21.340 --> 01:07:26.340
They have a complex cratered surface which you wouldn't expect if it's just melting in the sunlight.
01:07:26.340 --> 01:07:34.340
And they have been found with the stardust capture of material from the tail of a comet.
01:07:34.340 --> 01:07:36.340
They've got high temperature minerals in them.
01:07:36.340 --> 01:07:42.340
They are just part of a planet, like an asteroid.
01:07:42.340 --> 01:07:45.340
And also a small rock has a coma bigger than the sun.
01:07:45.340 --> 01:07:49.340
That recent one, Comet McNaught, its coma is bigger than the sun.
01:07:49.340 --> 01:07:55.340
How does a small piece of rock gravitationally constrain a coma bigger than the sun?
01:07:55.340 --> 01:08:02.340
It's an electrical sheath and it emits x-rays because it's an electrical discharge phenomenon.
01:08:02.340 --> 01:08:10.340
They also explode occasionally for unknown reason in the same way that a charged capacitor may explode occasionally.
01:08:12.340 --> 01:08:15.340
Comet Vilt-2.
01:08:15.340 --> 01:08:21.340
If they are an electrical phenomenon it means everything we believe about the sun and therefore all stars is wrong.
01:08:21.340 --> 01:08:26.340
So these are direct evidence that the electrical model needs to be considered.
01:08:26.340 --> 01:08:35.340
The picture at the bottom there is a photomicrograph of an electrically etched surface.
01:08:35.340 --> 01:08:38.340
Look at that and compare that with Comet Vilt-2.
01:08:38.340 --> 01:08:41.340
Electrically etched, electrically etched.
01:08:51.340 --> 01:08:57.340
That impact with Tempel 1, I was the only one on planet Earth that predicted there would be a flash before the main flash.
01:08:57.340 --> 01:09:05.340
And also there would be more energetic than expected and that the jets afterwards would move around in response to the changed electrical charge distribution.
01:09:05.340 --> 01:09:09.340
All of those things were observed. None of them were expected.
01:09:09.340 --> 01:09:16.340
In fact the flash was so bright that they never actually got to photograph the crater which was the main name of the experiment.
01:09:16.340 --> 01:09:23.340
Wired magazine picked up the story and my website crashed under the weight.
01:09:23.340 --> 01:09:29.340
Time magazine in Sydney were interested in doing a story until it was squashed by some editor.
01:09:29.340 --> 01:09:38.340
But you would have thought that if one person on Earth predicts something so unexpected that they would run with it as a headline story? No.
01:09:40.340 --> 01:09:50.340
Same with Shoemaker-Levy 9. All of the effects that we saw on Shoemaker-Levy 9 were of a planet destroying an incoming object with a thunderbolt.
01:09:51.340 --> 01:09:59.340
The dazzling display baffled astronomers. Cosmic lightning flashes high above Jupiter's atmosphere from the ionosphere.
01:09:59.340 --> 01:10:07.340
No water was detected. And we could tell that it was the case that it was an electrical discharge phenomenon simply by this ring.
01:10:07.340 --> 01:10:13.340
An explosion doesn't drop a ring of material but a plasma jet does.
01:10:13.340 --> 01:10:22.340
I was asked to referee this paper by a Russian who also considered the Tunguska explosion as an electrical event.
01:10:22.340 --> 01:10:27.340
An incoming object, charged object in the sky and its trajectory.
01:10:27.340 --> 01:10:31.340
And he was looking at geological formations on the ground under the track.
01:10:31.340 --> 01:10:39.340
And he came to the conclusion that this was examples of the Earth discharging towards the incoming object under the electrical stress.
01:10:39.340 --> 01:10:43.340
And this is precisely what I would expect.
01:10:43.340 --> 01:10:49.340
Witnesses reported strange weather and increased seismic activity in the area for days beforehand.
01:10:49.340 --> 01:10:53.340
And disturbances resembled magnetic storms following nuclear tests.
01:10:53.340 --> 01:10:57.340
Interesting, magnetic storms, electrical events.
01:10:57.340 --> 01:11:02.340
And the soil at Tunguska was found to be so enriched with carbon-14 that it shows up as a future date.
01:11:02.340 --> 01:11:07.340
The point is that the electrical discharges are not a matter of time.
01:11:07.340 --> 01:11:17.340
But the electrical discharges are so powerful that they will cause nuclear transmutations and implantation of radioactive species in the rocks.
01:11:17.340 --> 01:11:21.340
So we have Dumb Doomsday.
01:11:21.340 --> 01:11:27.340
This picture is one you've probably all seen of an asteroid hitting the Earth.
01:11:27.340 --> 01:11:31.340
It's entirely fanciful because there's no lightning to be seen.
01:11:31.340 --> 01:11:35.340
The asteroid would be destroyed by a cosmic thunderbolt before it could hit the Earth.
01:11:35.340 --> 01:11:41.340
What you would get would be an electrical crater on the Earth and a fall of sand and debris and small rocks.
01:11:41.340 --> 01:11:43.340
Certainly not that.
01:11:43.340 --> 01:11:49.340
The dinosaurs died not from an impact but as a result of a dramatic change in the Earth's situation in the cosmos.
01:11:49.340 --> 01:11:52.340
The electrical environment of the Earth must have changed dramatically.
01:11:52.340 --> 01:11:59.340
And this gets to the kind of work that we're documenting in the books that you'll see outside Thunderbolts of the Gods.
01:12:00.340 --> 01:12:10.340
The solar system, the origin of the solar system, attempts to find a plausible naturalistic explanation have failed.
01:12:10.340 --> 01:12:16.340
In fact one astronomer in a talk last year said that you need a different theory for every planet.
01:12:16.340 --> 01:12:19.340
It's just not satisfactory.
01:12:19.340 --> 01:12:26.340
I got my ideas about the solar system when I was a teenager reading this book, Worlds in Collision, by Immanuel Velikovsky.
01:12:26.340 --> 01:12:36.340
And he, as Duncan said in the introduction, was responsible for my interest in this problem of solar system dynamics and what is gravity.
01:12:36.340 --> 01:12:38.340
What don't we understand about it?
01:12:38.340 --> 01:12:44.340
Velikovsky argued that planets change orbits, exchange thunderbolts and quickly settle into peaceful orbits.
01:12:44.340 --> 01:12:47.340
It's not a clockwork system.
01:12:47.340 --> 01:12:55.340
Rapid settling followed by chaos defies our understanding of gravitational systems which for more than a two-body system, as I said, are chaotic.
01:12:55.340 --> 01:13:00.340
So our understanding of gravity in the solar system mechanics is wrong.
01:13:02.340 --> 01:13:06.340
This is an excerpt from our latest DVD.
01:13:06.340 --> 01:13:11.340
It shows that our ancestors saw a sky which we would not recognize.
01:13:11.340 --> 01:13:17.340
So, right now, predictable, one might think they've moved like this forever.
01:13:25.340 --> 01:13:35.340
What a contrast to things claimed by the first astronomers of ancient Mesopotamia and numerous cultures that followed.
01:13:35.340 --> 01:13:39.340
They watched planetary motions with a compulsive fear.
01:13:39.340 --> 01:13:47.340
Why would diligent astronomers insist that the planets were the towering gods of a prior time?
01:13:47.340 --> 01:13:51.340
Planets ruled the destiny of kings and kingdoms.
01:13:51.340 --> 01:13:56.340
And they were the agents of doomsday, the end of the world.
01:14:03.340 --> 01:14:08.340
What was it about planets that inspired such reverence and fear?
01:14:09.340 --> 01:14:14.340
What was it about planets that inspired such reverence and fear?
01:14:19.340 --> 01:14:26.340
Far from the spotlight today, researchers are exploring these questions of planetary history.
01:14:26.340 --> 01:14:34.340
They bring wide-ranging backgrounds from comparative mythology to planetary science and plasma physics.
01:14:35.340 --> 01:14:44.340
All are asking if the solar system may have been unstable in the past, alive with electrical activity.
01:14:49.340 --> 01:14:53.340
That's just an excerpt from our latest DVD.
01:14:53.340 --> 01:15:01.340
It reveals the profound effects on the Earth and prehistoric witnesses when the power of the electric universe was unleashed in a chaotic solar system.
01:15:01.340 --> 01:15:09.340
That imagery you see on the cover is one of the preeminent images from that period.
01:15:09.340 --> 01:15:14.340
It shows up today in all of our religious iconography.
01:15:14.340 --> 01:15:19.340
It's fascinating to visit cathedrals and so on, which I've been doing in Spain just recently,
01:15:19.340 --> 01:15:25.340
and to see this so-called Saturnian imagery just leap out at you everywhere.
01:15:25.340 --> 01:15:29.340
The cause of the chaos has much to tell about the origins of the solar system,
01:15:29.340 --> 01:15:35.340
because the story is more incredible than any science fiction book I've ever read.
01:15:38.340 --> 01:15:43.340
Normally under gravitational theory, capture by the Sun is almost impossible gravitationally,
01:15:43.340 --> 01:15:44.340
because there's no energy loss.
01:15:44.340 --> 01:15:49.340
An object coming from deep space will just whizz in around the Sun and disappear again.
01:15:49.340 --> 01:15:54.340
But electrical capture has a huge cross-section of the solar system.
01:15:54.340 --> 01:15:57.340
Cross-section of the order of the diameter of astrospheres.
01:15:57.340 --> 01:16:02.340
That's a heliosphere generalized for stars, which is huge.
01:16:03.340 --> 01:16:10.340
And when charge exchange begins, energy transfer and mass changes begin, and accelerations begin.
01:16:11.340 --> 01:16:14.340
Now cold brown dwarfs are the most plentiful stars,
01:16:14.340 --> 01:16:20.340
and in fact they've just begun mapping nearby cold brown dwarfs, as they're called.
01:16:20.340 --> 01:16:24.340
That requires a special kind of infrared telescope.
01:16:24.340 --> 01:16:29.340
The result has been so far that they are discovering more than they expected.
01:16:29.340 --> 01:16:33.340
And this fits this story of the recent history of the solar system beautifully,
01:16:33.340 --> 01:16:39.340
because it seems that we are not originally of this solar system.
01:16:39.340 --> 01:16:46.340
When the dinosaurs roamed the Earth, we were a part of a cold brown dwarf system.
01:16:47.340 --> 01:16:52.340
The brown dwarfs, as I've shown in this picture, become comets during capture,
01:16:52.340 --> 01:16:58.340
eventually settling down around the new star, the capturing star, as a gas giant.
01:16:58.340 --> 01:17:03.340
All of our gas giants are in the outer solar system, and I would suggest all are captured.
01:17:06.340 --> 01:17:09.340
The birth of rocky planets can occur during that capture process,
01:17:09.340 --> 01:17:15.340
just as comets explode for unknown reasons, they're actually electrical.
01:17:15.340 --> 01:17:20.340
A captured brown dwarf can also discharge matter from its core
01:17:20.340 --> 01:17:26.340
in an attempt to adjust to the new electrical environment in orbit about a brighter star.
01:17:26.340 --> 01:17:31.340
And Venus, I would suggest, that's Venus in that picture there, is the most recent addition,
01:17:31.340 --> 01:17:35.340
the most recently born planet in the solar system.
01:17:35.340 --> 01:17:38.340
This theory explains why so many hot Jupiters have been found
01:17:38.340 --> 01:17:43.340
whizzing around their central star in a matter of days or hours in some cases,
01:17:43.340 --> 01:17:49.340
to the puzzlement of astronomers who feel that gas giants can only form in the outer reaches of the solar system.
01:17:49.340 --> 01:17:55.340
So they've had to come up with the ad hoc idea that somehow these giants migrate in closer to their star.
01:17:55.340 --> 01:18:01.340
No, the star that gave them birth is holding the child close.
01:18:03.340 --> 01:18:09.340
It also explains the expulsion rings. These are misinterpreted as accretion disks.
01:18:09.340 --> 01:18:15.340
Expulsion disks, because stars and gas giants can emit material to form a ring.
01:18:15.340 --> 01:18:19.340
And all of our gas giants have some form of ring.
01:18:21.340 --> 01:18:25.340
You can find out family resemblances through their axial tilts,
01:18:25.340 --> 01:18:29.340
because a planet rotating is like a giant gyro.
01:18:29.340 --> 01:18:33.340
So you look at all the objects in the solar system and try and match axial tilts.
01:18:33.340 --> 01:18:36.340
And you'll find that Saturn, Mars and Earth are close.
01:18:36.340 --> 01:18:40.340
Venus is different because it was recently born and it has a backward rotation,
01:18:40.340 --> 01:18:43.340
because in the process of being born it's like gears meshing.
01:18:43.340 --> 01:18:46.340
And the object that's born is given a kick backwards.
01:18:46.340 --> 01:18:49.340
So it's rotating slightly backwards.
01:18:49.340 --> 01:18:54.340
All of this fits, it's simple. It doesn't need a separate theory for every planet.
01:18:54.340 --> 01:19:00.340
This is a professor from the ANU in Canberra, who I know quite well.
01:19:00.340 --> 01:19:02.340
And at one of his talks he said,
01:19:02.340 --> 01:19:03.340
He said,
01:19:03.340 --> 01:19:06.340
The chances of developing a habitable planet are added to the chances of developing
01:19:06.340 --> 01:19:09.340
both high intelligence and a technically advanced civilization.
01:19:09.340 --> 01:19:13.340
The odds of finding little green men elsewhere in the universe decline to zero.
01:19:13.340 --> 01:19:17.340
This is the hopeless kind of picture that we have from our present cosmology.
01:19:17.340 --> 01:19:21.340
The Electric Universe suggests completely otherwise.
01:19:21.340 --> 01:19:30.340
The most hospitable place for life is cocooned inside the red electrical glow of a brown dwarf star.
01:19:30.340 --> 01:19:33.340
And this I think will be born out in future.
01:19:33.340 --> 01:19:38.340
Already it's been found that nearby red dwarf appeared to be two red dwarfs
01:19:38.340 --> 01:19:43.340
because the glow from it was too bright to be associated with a small star.
01:19:43.340 --> 01:19:47.340
I would suggest these things are giants, all red stars are giants.
01:19:47.340 --> 01:19:51.340
And the so-called red dwarfs are actually giant, sufficiently big anyway,
01:19:51.340 --> 01:19:56.340
to have objects orbiting within their red plasma sheath.
01:19:56.340 --> 01:20:00.340
So the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, SETI, is mistaken in looking for a planet
01:20:00.340 --> 01:20:03.340
situated like the Earth, near a bright star.
01:20:03.340 --> 01:20:08.340
We're actually in a more precarious position than most life in the universe.
01:20:08.340 --> 01:20:11.340
However, we do have the advantage that we can see the universe.
01:20:11.340 --> 01:20:14.340
Planets orbiting inside this glow would not be able to see the universe.
01:20:14.340 --> 01:20:17.340
They would not be able to receive radio signals nor transmit them,
01:20:17.340 --> 01:20:21.340
which gives the answer to why we haven't heard from ET.
01:20:23.340 --> 01:20:25.340
Plasma mythology.
01:20:25.340 --> 01:20:28.340
This is where we get to the thunderbolts of the gods.
01:20:28.340 --> 01:20:31.340
Globally, petroglyphs show to a high degree of confidence
01:20:31.340 --> 01:20:34.340
that within human existence the Earth has suffered
01:20:34.340 --> 01:20:37.340
stupendous electrical discharge phenomena in the heavens.
01:20:37.340 --> 01:20:43.340
And this is down to an expert in the subject, a world expert, Dr. Anthony Peratt.
01:20:43.340 --> 01:20:46.340
He was absolutely astounded when he found that his work matched
01:20:46.340 --> 01:20:51.340
the work that we've been doing in comparative mythology and petroglyph drawings
01:20:51.340 --> 01:20:54.340
because we were convinced that they were pictures of the sky.
01:20:56.340 --> 01:21:00.340
The origins of rock art are prehistoric.
01:21:00.340 --> 01:21:04.340
You'll notice the forms are identical to the many forms
01:21:04.340 --> 01:21:07.340
generated by instabilities and high energy plasma discharges.
01:21:07.340 --> 01:21:10.340
One of the most common forms is this squatter man.
01:21:10.340 --> 01:21:15.340
And you'll find this almost always associated with two circles underneath,
01:21:15.340 --> 01:21:18.340
the elbows and above the knees.
01:21:18.340 --> 01:21:21.340
The plasma formation is this one.
01:21:21.340 --> 01:21:26.340
Raised arms, a plasma toroid, which you see as two bright circles,
01:21:26.340 --> 01:21:31.340
and the legs here, and often appendages and a head.
01:21:31.340 --> 01:21:35.340
This is the plasma form, that's the petroglyph.
01:21:37.340 --> 01:21:40.340
This new understanding is of monumental significance
01:21:40.340 --> 01:21:44.340
in understanding the real history of the Earth and humanity.
01:21:45.340 --> 01:21:47.340
We have lost knowledge.
01:21:47.340 --> 01:21:52.340
The Wanjina figure on the left there is from the Kimberley region.
01:21:52.340 --> 01:21:59.340
And in the book Yoro Yoro, where Jutta Malnick interviewed David Moeljalo
01:21:59.340 --> 01:22:06.340
about the legends from that region and what the significance was of this Wanjina man.
01:22:06.340 --> 01:22:09.340
And he used specific words and said,
01:22:09.340 --> 01:22:13.340
you must use these words because anything else will be incorrect.
01:22:13.340 --> 01:22:18.340
Malangiri, the lightning ring, is the first or closest to the head.
01:22:18.340 --> 01:22:23.340
The line between the eyes indicates where the power flows down and is not a nose.
01:22:23.340 --> 01:22:25.340
That's extremely significant.
01:22:25.340 --> 01:22:29.340
It's the same kind of imagery that the Maoris use when they poke their tongue out.
01:22:29.340 --> 01:22:33.340
Or the images of Mars with a sword hanging down.
01:22:34.340 --> 01:22:39.340
Francis Bacon said, man prefers to believe what he prefers to be true.
01:22:39.340 --> 01:22:45.340
I prefer that it is to believe what the ancients had to tell us about the thunderbolt of the planetary gods
01:22:45.340 --> 01:22:49.340
since it may illuminate the Electric Universe and confirm ancient testimony.
01:22:49.340 --> 01:22:53.340
Also, ultimately, it's easy to verify.
01:22:54.340 --> 01:22:59.340
Plasma discharge phenomena are complex and lifelike.
01:22:59.340 --> 01:23:06.340
The heavens were their arena, so all the celestial gods were plasma related and planetary related.
01:23:06.340 --> 01:23:11.340
It is where the planetary gods played out a celestial drama and fought each other with thunderbolts.
01:23:11.340 --> 01:23:14.340
That was their favorite weapon.
01:23:17.340 --> 01:23:22.340
So the words such as land, cosmos and even universe are usually the words of the translators
01:23:22.340 --> 01:23:26.340
and do not connote the original meaning of the words in creation myths.
01:23:26.340 --> 01:23:32.340
Even the word earth didn't refer to the earth originally. It referred to this phantasm in the sky.
01:23:33.340 --> 01:23:38.340
What is usually meant by such words in the original is the celestial land of the gods.
01:23:38.340 --> 01:23:44.340
It was the creation of the abode of the gods in these plasma forms.
01:23:46.340 --> 01:23:49.340
So creation refers to the generation of that celestial apparition.
01:23:49.340 --> 01:23:53.340
It has nothing to do with the creation of the earth, the universe or anything.
01:23:54.340 --> 01:23:57.340
We can actually decode Stonehenge now.
01:23:57.340 --> 01:24:03.340
Like all great prehistoric constructions, it was built to commemorate the stupendous electrical phenomena seen in the ancient sky.
01:24:03.340 --> 01:24:12.340
The problem with all the explanations so far for the monumental constructions like the pyramids around the world and so on,
01:24:12.340 --> 01:24:14.340
we've never had a motivation.
01:24:14.340 --> 01:24:21.340
The motivation was to recreate what the ancients had seen in the sky on the earth.
01:24:23.340 --> 01:24:31.340
Stonehenge has around the perimeter what's called the Aubrey holes and there's 56 of them.
01:24:31.340 --> 01:24:36.340
You remember in that picture of the supernova and that ring of beads that I showed you?
01:24:36.340 --> 01:24:42.340
During some of these plasma discharges, those beads were also witnessed in the sky
01:24:42.340 --> 01:24:48.340
and they have a characteristic number because these Birkeland filaments tend to form pairs
01:24:48.340 --> 01:24:52.340
and then they pair with another pair so it goes in a number sequence.
01:24:52.340 --> 01:24:56.340
One of the common numbers is 56.
01:24:59.340 --> 01:25:02.340
The 56 Aubrey holes mimic the discharge pattern seen in the lab.
01:25:02.340 --> 01:25:12.340
This is an example of one of those beams being intercepted by what they call a witness plate with 56 holes punched in a witness plate.
01:25:14.340 --> 01:25:21.340
So the Electric Universe embraces plasma cosmology, accepts a non-expanding universe,
01:25:22.340 --> 01:25:27.340
explains gravity and magnetism, explains quantum weirdness,
01:25:27.340 --> 01:25:33.340
returns to an ether, explains electric stars, explains dramatic earth history
01:25:33.340 --> 01:25:36.340
and offers a coherent big picture.
01:25:38.340 --> 01:25:42.340
Just a few words about it since we're running a few minutes over time,
01:25:42.340 --> 01:25:44.340
about predictive success.
01:25:44.340 --> 01:25:48.340
There was the Deep Impact mission which I've mentioned,
01:25:48.340 --> 01:25:52.340
the Stardust mission which returned high temperature minerals,
01:25:52.340 --> 01:25:59.340
the dust devils on Mars which are electrical discharge phenomena in a thin atmosphere.
01:25:59.340 --> 01:26:03.340
I predicted, I was the only one on planet Earth who predicted that the pole of Saturn
01:26:03.340 --> 01:26:06.340
which has been in darkness for 14 years would be found to be hot.
01:26:06.340 --> 01:26:10.340
It's because it's suffering an electrical discharge at the pole.
01:26:11.340 --> 01:26:17.340
Saturn's moons, I explained that I predicted that under the thick clouds of Titan
01:26:17.340 --> 01:26:22.340
would be found scarring on the surface similar to that found on Mars and the Earth
01:26:22.340 --> 01:26:24.340
and that was found to be so.
01:26:24.340 --> 01:26:27.340
It wasn't an ocean of methane.
01:26:27.340 --> 01:26:34.340
I explained the electrical discharge machining of Io and Europa
01:26:34.340 --> 01:26:37.340
and made predictions which were born out.
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I've predicted supernova 1987A, those bright beads will rotate around one another
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and merge over time.
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And if you want to see more of the predictions, they're on the Thunderbolts.info website
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where we have a daily picture of the day which is in competition with the
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astronomy picture of the day and I believe our traffic now exceeds that of APOD
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or astronomy picture of the day and several other well-known astronomy websites.
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Some people have our daily update with their morning coffee.
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Deep Impact was the best of all.