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I'm just in case you're wondering what this picture is about.

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I'm the guy on the right by the way.

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It's one of my favorite shots because the man didn't know his age.

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And so I asked him how old he was and he had no idea.

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He knew he was born at the time of the kingdom.

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I'm talking about the late, the last Egyptian kingdom, King Farouk, probably King Farouk before and it was impossible to tell the his age.

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He might have been anything.

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I think I don't know how this is look for you, maybe 100.

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I like the picture because it probably is.

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Genetically the descendants of a lost race.

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Or other lost people.

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I tend not to use the word race these days because as you may or may not know, but the latest anthropological and genetic research.

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The research has confirmed this to be all from one source.

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And let me just snap the other picture.

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Paul Devere will show the planet I'm showing you it again.

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Somewhere there somewhere in East Africa.

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Sometimes around 200,000 years ago a black African woman gave birth.

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We don't know if it's a boy or a girl.

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But whether a boy or a girl, she gave birth to the first modern man.

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Something happens that converted one type of primitive human being into modern man.

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And we all start there.

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They've given a love in there.

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And you might have seen this on the BBC documentary that had the last year.

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They called her the African Eve.

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And every human being on this planet comes from this source.

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Each one of us, whether we're Chinese, Turkish, Americans, whatever.

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We come from this source.

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We come from a black African source.

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And I tend to say some may find a chalking or the no but.

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We are all of the same race.

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It's a fact. It's no more a hypothesis. We are all from the same race.

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My story tonight is the Egyptian civilization.

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There's always been a big question. Where did it come from?

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And for a long time, Egyptologists have assumed that it was homegrown.

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It just sprung. But other fast.

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It's been many, many arguments as to how quickly it started.

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And the conventional view of Egyptian history is that somewhere around 3000 BC or so.

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The first diagnostic king united Egypt into one kingdom, this, called it the two kingdoms of one kingdom.

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And that's where history starts.

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Egyptian history starts.

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I've been very focused over the last 25 years on one period, which is the old kingdom.

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Some of you have read my books, perhaps many to the other parents.

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And there's a strange psychological barrier between history and history.

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We've kind of drawn a line.

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We talk about the historical period and the historical period.

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And for some reason, the historical period is not so interesting, certainly to Egyptologists.

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But it's just names we give to things.

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There is no such thing as history or history. There's one continuous event.

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I was going to talk about cosmology a bit.

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And you might as well ask what it has to do with ancient Egypt.

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But there's something that I find very, very useful these days when I talk about ancient people.

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We present pyramids, we present, the majestic sites, strange rock art and all sorts of things.

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But one of the most difficult things with ancient cultures and particularly historical cultures is that it's very difficult to get into their mindsets.

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And that's why we not only misunderstand them sometimes, very often.

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But we just can't get it. We are not quite sure what they were trying to do.

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Why pyramids and why line them and why caristons, massive stones, hundreds of kilometers.

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We just don't get it. And for a long, long time, I didn't get it either.

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Now, I'm not going to pretend I really get it.

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But there is something that I think they did, which we didn't do.

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And that's why I mentioned the Francine we talked about the crop circles. She at one stage in the talk. She said that we're in a country that looks outside.

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We're groomed, we're wind, we're processed from early age to search and to learn outside ourselves.

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We were given books, we were given things to study, algebra, which I hated by the way.

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And we bring it inside.

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Whereas it's almost certain that the ancients did not do this. They observed, but they somehow try to understand inside.

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And recently, I began to use two words about learning.

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And one is knowledge to relate knowledge, read about it, learn about it.

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And the other is, which is an ancient Greek word, it's genosis.

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It's the difference between the two is one is the search outside.

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And the other is the search inside.

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It's this exploration of the human cosmos as we're beginning to call it.

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And hence why it is necessary sometimes to talk about cosmology.

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So before I go into the desert, I'll take an adventure, a pictorial adventure into the desert, into the deep desert.

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But before I do that, I'd like to sort of do a 10 minute thing about cosmology, which I find very useful when I give talks these days.

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And I generally ask somebody in the audience, which I'm going to pick up on Mr. Richard Fuznick here, my webmaster.

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And I ask them who they are.

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We as a country, we as a Western culture, have, and I'm not suggesting you as an audience, but generally as Western culture, we have stopped.

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For some reason asking the fundamental questions.

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Who are we?

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Really? Who are we?

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What are we doing here? What are we supposed to do here?

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Where do we come from?

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And where do we go after death?

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These are the fundamental questions of existence.

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And they are the same for us. They have been the same for ancient man.

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They have been the same since ancient man became conscious.

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We still don't have the answers.

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But what's dangerous about our culture today is that we don't even ask the questions.

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And we need to. And I'm glad that some of the speakers raised this.

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And particularly from him, because he did say, we have to look for these answers.

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And these answers are mostly insight.

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And that's the difference between us and the ancients.

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They perhaps because they were deprived of the science that we have, perhaps the deprived of the technology that we have,

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and the culture that pushes us to look outside, they instinctively try to answer the questions inside.

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And for all we know, and this is the interesting about studying ancient cultures, not just because we're finding the alliance and we're impressed with the pyramids and all that,

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is that they may have been able to touch some of the answers.

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And if they have, then it is worth pursuing this.

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I pointed to my webmaster Richard, and I said, who is he?

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And I presume if he stands up, I'm not going to embarrass him for him to stand up.

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And I presume he would say I'm Richard Fuznier, I live in Cambridge.

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And I'm Robert Bovals, webmaster, and I am used to be an electronic technician.

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And I'm going to say Richard, no.

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That's the tag that has been placed on you.

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I'll tell you who you are.

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I can't tell you why you're here, I can't tell you who it comes from, but I'm going to tell you what you are.

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So what we understand by cosmology is some 17 billion years ago.

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Some infinities, small, beyond belief, small particle of energy.

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Condensed matter.

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Everything that there is in the universe today, you will meet the table that shows you.

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Telephones, my computer, everything was condensed in this matter.

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And we're told some sort of strange big bang occurs, and it blew up.

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And it expanded.

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And within a few million years, formed galaxies, islands of stars, I think, billions of them.

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And each of these billions of galaxies have billions of star.

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And we happen to be one of these, or we have to be a planet next to a star within a galaxy.

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Our solar system was formed about four and a half billion years ago.

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So for something like 20 billion years, 12,000 billion years, 12,000 billion years.

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The universe has existed without our solar system.

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Without even us, we appeared on this planet as I said, as modern man, only 200,000 years ago.

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And it is only in the last couple of centuries that we began to understand where we are, where on a globe, in a solar system.

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And two thirds down the center of a galaxy, a near star, which we call the Sun.

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We kind of moralists worked it out.

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So we kind of have our address in the cosmos, moralists.

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But that's it.

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We know where we are, but what are we?

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And there's one phrase that puts it all together.

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We all come from this, this, this, this particle that blew up everything.

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But the difference here, as far as we know, is we are sometimes, we don't know when, perhaps six billion years ago, perhaps more.

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There's a star, there's a star that blew up.

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And particles of this star were captured by another star, our Sun.

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And slowly made this wonderful planet with all.

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We are, as Carl Siggins said, star stuff.

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It is not a theory, we are star material.

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We are star material become conscious.

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It is as if the universe is trying to find out who it is or what it is.

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And with it, as far as we know, we're the only, as far as we know, there may be others out there.

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As far as we know, we're the only conscious star stuff that has understood so far where it is.

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And if for the audience, we have one incredible responsibility to work it out.

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Otherwise, the whole experiment has been for nothing.

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And these are the fundamental questions.

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We have to work out who we are, where we come from, what we're here for.

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We have to ask these things again, as the ancients did.

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This is why for me, it is the adventurer of seeking or participating.

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And we all are in the same quest, all of you.

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We don't leave it to the people wearing white clothes in laboratories or academics at universities.

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We all have the responsibility to participate in that quest.

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Having said this, why are we interested in people who lived thousands of years ago?

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I think that for a long time, they searched within.

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They try to understand their presence in this cosmic environment by looking inside.

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And how do we do this?

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I'm not so sure.

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One thing I'm sure, at least from my own experience, is that we need to reconnect.

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We need to reconnect with the earth.

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We need to be part of it rather than being observers.

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We just can't keep on looking at it as if we come from somewhere else and we can exploit it.

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We need to be part of it again.

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We need to somehow do it as a culture.

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How I'm not quite sure.

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But I tell you my own little story.

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And that's where my story in a sense begins.

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Although I had written my books, I published several books.

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I found myself once and I hope I'm overdo this.

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I found myself once in Italy.

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And for some reason I had gone there because I was commissioned to write an article about St. Francis of a CC.

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Those were about my age would be interested because he was branded the first hippie of our Western culture and San Francisco by the way.

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And I was interested in his story.

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I wanted to find out that he was a man who apparently had connected again.

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He spoke to animals, he wandered around nature, he walked barefoot.

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And better still he tried to convince the Roman Catholic Church to return to what he called the Apostolic mission to return back to being human beings.

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So I went to a CC where he was born and where he lived.

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And I was not disappointed.

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I don't know if somebody's been there.

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It's a bit like going to Lord, the ascending postcards and statuettes and all this stuff.

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And I didn't get it. I didn't feed it at all.

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But as I walked out of the town as a drawback to the town, I saw a tourist office.

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And it had the posters saying, go and visit sacred stream of Francis of a CC in the Abruzzo.

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The Abruzzo is a region between Rome and the Atlantic.

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So there I go with my little car, drive to the Abruzzo.

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And I arrived at late at night and I go into an hotel.

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And I booked there. It was one of the little mountain towns, all the women in black outside.

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And all the youth had gone apparently working in Rome.

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And nothing to do in the evening.

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So I went to sleep early.

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The little hotel was perched on a hill overlooking a lake.

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Very pretty, it was beautiful summertime.

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And I woke up at 4 o'clock. It was still dark.

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And I opened, it was wonderful Italian blinds that they have big windows.

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And I looked outside, it was dark.

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But the light of my room shown outside.

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And out there was a clouds of little summer flies.

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My new, my new to the things. There was literally millions.

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It was like a white cloud.

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And for some reason, I got fascinated because they were kind of moving all at once.

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Up and down, sideways and there were more than some of my windows.

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And the question and the answer to my mind,

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how did they know all which direction they have to move?

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There's millions of them. Who is controlling this?

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Who? Where is the boss fly that is turning them turn left and right?

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And with this questioning mind, I sort of being the kind of guy who has these three questions.

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I put on my clothes, went out to the hotel and walked down towards the lake.

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And for the first time my life, I call it now in the piphany.

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But for the first time my life, I felt something rather odd.

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I kind of stopped because I was becoming aware of noises around me.

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And Paul Devere pointed out very well this kind of natural noises.

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I began to hear the toads croaking in the lake and the noise of little fish jumping.

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And there was a little flock of black birds flying and they had picked me up and they were making noise.

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And then I thought I'm going crazy because suddenly I looked around and I thought,

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I don't know how to put it but it seemed very real.

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I thought I heard the plants speak or talk or make a noise.

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There was no noise but I thought I could hear something.

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I thought you're losing it here.

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Something is not right.

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And I walked down with this kind of mood I walked to the lake and I entered the little woods.

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And I, there was a stream and I thought maybe this is the stream of St. Francis.

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So anyway across the city stream came out of the other side of the woods and I got the fright of my life.

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Because about 10 yards from where I'm standing to.

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In front of me was a wild boar.

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A big one.

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And the real big one, the cinnamon the wild was really big.

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And he looked at me and I looked at him and he was very upset.

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He started snorting and he had his tusks and he kind of put his front feet and it looked like he was going to charge.

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He began to scrape the ground and I thought I'm finished.

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This is it, Robert.

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I mean forget about these flies and the questions and all this stuff.

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So again about the pyramids, you've got to get away from this boar.

225
00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:13,000
And that's it and how crow's woman my life is going to end up being killed by boar.

226
00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:15,000
Who would have predicted that?

227
00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,000
And I was there and I wasn't quite sure what to do.

228
00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:22,000
I thought I should run in the stream maybe it doesn't like water.

229
00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:24,000
What did I do?

230
00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:30,000
And instinctively I looked at him or heard and I don't know if it was a female.

231
00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:32,000
And we both stayed at each other.

232
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:35,000
It was kind of eye-boring for a few seconds.

233
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And all of my being was trying to tell this ball, it was very upset.

234
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:42,000
I don't know how to tell you.

235
00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:45,000
I'm not particularly.

236
00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:48,000
And he just come down.

237
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:52,000
He kind of slumped and he I swear to God he blinked me.

238
00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:56,000
And he went and I thought I've talked to him.

239
00:22:56,000 --> 00:23:04,000
I mean and for just two, three minutes I'm not quite sure how long it lasted.

240
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:07,000
I felt connected.

241
00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:09,000
I don't know how to describe it.

242
00:23:09,000 --> 00:23:11,000
I felt like I was plugged in.

243
00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:15,000
I felt I was into it again.

244
00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:19,000
I felt in.

245
00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:23,000
I felt like and I thought this is weird.

246
00:23:23,000 --> 00:23:25,000
I never felt like this.

247
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:27,000
And I must say I never felt again like this.

248
00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:29,000
I mean that's what I tried to feel like this again.

249
00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:31,000
But at least I felt it once.

250
00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:35,000
And I know how it feels to feel connected.

251
00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:38,000
And I hope you already had the experience or will have it.

252
00:23:38,000 --> 00:23:40,000
It's a very strange feeling.

253
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:42,000
You suddenly feel like you belong to it.

254
00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:43,000
I'm with it.

255
00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:45,000
I'm part of it.

256
00:23:45,000 --> 00:23:47,000
I'm the trees, I'm the boards.

257
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:48,000
I'm the whole thing.

258
00:23:48,000 --> 00:23:50,000
I'm with it.

259
00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:54,000
And I think this is what ancient man managed to do.

260
00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:58,000
And when you do feel connected, you know, it's a very strange feeling.

261
00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:02,000
It's like the plants are my friends.

262
00:24:02,000 --> 00:24:03,000
I don't know.

263
00:24:03,000 --> 00:24:04,000
They seem to be with me.

264
00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:06,000
They deanimous, the birds, the thing.

265
00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:09,000
It's one of the strange epiphanys.

266
00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:12,000
And I think this is what it's about.

267
00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:14,000
We've disconnected ourselves.

268
00:24:14,000 --> 00:24:17,000
We've unplugged ourselves.

269
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:21,000
And if all this has any meaning, it's about trying to plug again.

270
00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:28,000
It's about trying to find that connection.

271
00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:32,000
Okay, so having trying to do like this, I'm going to take you on a journey.

272
00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:34,000
I'm going to take you on a trip.

273
00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:37,000
And I'm going to tell you exactly where we're going.

274
00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:43,000
We're going to sort of travel down.

275
00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:44,000
There we are.

276
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:46,000
Sort of zoom down.

277
00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:53,000
And we are geographically in the land of Egypt.

278
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:58,000
And I'll be talking mainly about this region here,

279
00:24:58,000 --> 00:25:02,000
which is part of the Greater Sahara.

280
00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:07,000
It is the eastern part of the Sahara.

281
00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:12,000
And it's very confusing because the Egyptian corridor west and desert.

282
00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:16,000
The people of the Sahara called it the eastern Sahara.

283
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:18,000
And I decided forget about all this.

284
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:20,000
We're going to call it the Egyptian Sahara.

285
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:23,000
So from now on, it's the Egyptians Sahara.

286
00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:26,000
And let me put the borders.

287
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:28,000
I like to see the earth without borders.

288
00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:29,000
I hate borders.

289
00:25:29,000 --> 00:25:31,000
I'm one of these cosmopolitan.

290
00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:34,000
Maybe I should have said that I was born in Egypt myself.

291
00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:36,000
I come from a very mixed up family.

292
00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:37,000
I've got a lot of more teas.

293
00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:40,000
I had a more teas, mother, a Belgian father.

294
00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:42,000
And God knows what ancestors.

295
00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:45,000
And I just don't understand borders.

296
00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:46,000
I just don't get it.

297
00:25:46,000 --> 00:25:49,000
It's a waste of range that we've drawn these lines.

298
00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:51,000
And again, ourselves titled as an unbritish,

299
00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:53,000
you're American and an amturcation.

300
00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:55,000
We're all...

301
00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:57,000
We're all part of it.

302
00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:00,000
Anyway, let me put the borders just for clarity.

303
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:04,000
And this side is Libya.

304
00:26:04,000 --> 00:26:06,000
Sudan.

305
00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:08,000
And this is the region.

306
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:10,000
Let me put the labels.

307
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:11,000
There we are.

308
00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:12,000
So we label it.

309
00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:13,000
We like labeling things.

310
00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:15,000
Tag them.

311
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:23,000
And particularly, particularly, I'll be talking about this zone here.

312
00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:27,000
And you'll hear a lot about this in the next few years.

313
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,000
Gilleskibir.

314
00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:32,000
And Jebelou Wainat, Wainat.

315
00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:36,000
And a very, very little special place called Naptoplayer.

316
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:37,000
There you are.

317
00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:40,000
I'll take you there now.

318
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:43,000
Just to throw a bit of romance here.

319
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:46,000
Some of you may have seen the film The English patient.

320
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:47,000
Right?

321
00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:50,000
Although it was supposed to take place here,

322
00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:52,000
and they actually filmed in Tunisia.

323
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:56,000
The reason is, as you will see from the pictures I will show you,

324
00:26:56,000 --> 00:27:03,000
is so remote that even the camera crew thought it's far far too crazy to go and film there.

325
00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:05,000
But this is where the famous cave of Swimmer is.

326
00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:06,000
That you saw in the film.

327
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:08,000
You know what she dies in the film?

328
00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:09,000
Lady Clayton.

329
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:12,000
She's actually based on a true character.

330
00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:17,000
And the English patient was Count Al-Mashi, the Hungarian.

331
00:27:17,000 --> 00:27:19,000
Well, we're not quite sure where he was.

332
00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:23,000
Apparently, he turned out to be a German spy, but.

333
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:25,000
So let me tell you about this.

334
00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:30,000
But before I take you, how I went there,

335
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:34,000
let me take you through the history, because it's sort of antique.

336
00:27:34,000 --> 00:27:37,000
I mean, we, we, we, I love romance.

337
00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:41,000
I love going to this place because it's fantastic stories and people explore them and

338
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:45,000
wonderful characters that will make wonderful Hollywood films.

339
00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:48,000
One of them, which I'll be talking about.

340
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,000
The whole, I mean, this is incredible.

341
00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:53,000
There is a bento-wazes.

342
00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:55,000
Let me just bring it back here.

343
00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:56,000
See what?

344
00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:57,000
There's a few I haven't marked.

345
00:27:57,000 --> 00:27:59,000
There's about five major raises.

346
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:00,000
See what?

347
00:28:00,000 --> 00:28:05,000
Bahreia, Farafra, Dahla, and sorry, Kharkand Dahla.

348
00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:13,000
Dahla, I've marked it here because it is the very last oases today that is linked by roadwork.

349
00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:17,000
Beyond there is what we call the open desert.

350
00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:20,000
Or there's even more dramatic term deep desert.

351
00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:22,000
It's like going out at sea.

352
00:28:22,000 --> 00:28:24,000
There is no roads, no nothing.

353
00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:28,000
And it may look sort of short on a map.

354
00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:32,000
But there's about 800 kilometers that separates these areas.

355
00:28:32,000 --> 00:28:38,000
And the trip that I will take you on takes five days by four will drive to get there.

356
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:40,000
Let me show you how remote it is.

357
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:48,000
But it's quite amazing for me to think that it is only in 1872.

358
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:56,000
You know, barely over a century that we actually found some of these oases.

359
00:28:56,000 --> 00:29:02,000
There were people living there in these oases and we didn't know they were there.

360
00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:06,000
And then they know the rest of the world.

361
00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:08,000
Anyway, the story begins in 1872.

362
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:10,000
They discovered Dahla.

363
00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:14,000
And then an English man, sorry, English people.

364
00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:16,000
You'll see this kind of few of them there.

365
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:20,000
Only mad dogs in English man.

366
00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:27,000
Anyway, one of them in 1917, somehow managed to travel.

367
00:29:27,000 --> 00:29:33,000
And although it looks small, he kind of moved about 80 kilometers into the deep desert.

368
00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:39,000
Now it may not sound a lot to you, but in, we're certain 1917, they had very primitive means.

369
00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:44,000
They went with these strange little vehicles, four team, three models.

370
00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:48,000
And he discovered something called Abu Bala's Hill.

371
00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:54,000
It is a Hill, and the word Abu Bala's means pottery in Egyptian.

372
00:29:54,000 --> 00:30:01,000
And they named it so because he found pots, lots of pots, and nobody knew what they were doing there.

373
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:08,000
Now I must tell you, I should have told you already, that as far as Egyptologists were concerned,

374
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:19,000
in fact every scholar, until two years ago, they believed that it was impossible for ancient people to go beyond Dahla.

375
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:26,000
The reason being is that to travel into the deep desert, apart from it being very dangerous,

376
00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:31,000
is that it's physically impossible to carry the water.

377
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:33,000
There's no water there, it's totally waterless.

378
00:30:33,000 --> 00:30:36,000
You carry the water in those vast distances.

379
00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:41,000
You just can't have enough burden animals, and they only had a donkey in those days.

380
00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:45,000
There's an optimal number, it's just impossible, it can't be done.

381
00:30:45,000 --> 00:30:50,000
And therefore the conviction was that the Pharaohs never went beyond Dahla.

382
00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:55,000
We have evidence of them being there. There are temples and so forth, but beyond there, zero.

383
00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:58,000
There are things, nothing.

384
00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:05,000
But he went to Abu Balas and he found this strange pottery. And here he is.

385
00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:11,000
Harding king, he was called the look-tellific in those days. Anyway, he found this pot.

386
00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:15,000
We'll get back to the pot because you see that it's one of those funny things.

387
00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:22,000
Small things like this can change the whole perception of what we have about ourselves in the past.

388
00:31:22,000 --> 00:31:25,000
Here's the hill, the edge of the hill, and you can see the pots.

389
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:31,000
These are actually pictures taken in 1917, lots of them.

390
00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:35,000
And that was it. And then comes this amazing character.

391
00:31:35,000 --> 00:31:42,000
Now when we conjure desert travelers and explorers, you know, Lawrence of Arabia,

392
00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:49,000
Rudolph Valentino, Omar Sharif, we don't think about this guy.

393
00:31:50,000 --> 00:32:01,000
Well, amazingly, he has been dubbed by the Royal Geographic Society of London as the greatest of explorers.

394
00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:07,000
Certainly the greatest of deserters, but you hear a lot about him again because of the books that were bringing out.

395
00:32:07,000 --> 00:32:12,000
His name is Hassanin Ahmet Hassanin Bay.

396
00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:18,000
Amazing guy, born from a very rich family, he was sent to Oxford,

397
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:23,000
Baguier College to study politics. He was among many things.

398
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:31,000
He was a fencing Olympic champion, and he was seen later on that very romantic guy,

399
00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:36,000
he even seduced the queen of Egypt, he said that they were married in secret.

400
00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:43,000
Very romantic, very enthusiastic, he became the tutor of King Faruk, the last King of Egypt.

401
00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:49,000
He became chief of the protocol, chief of the D1, spoke beautiful English apparently,

402
00:32:49,000 --> 00:32:57,000
he was given lectures and having been educated at Oxford, and a big womanizer, loved women.

403
00:32:57,000 --> 00:33:02,000
He should use a very interesting lady, you will see her in a minute, now that she is,

404
00:33:02,000 --> 00:33:11,000
Rosita Forbes, she was quite a character, she happened to be in Cairo in the 1920s,

405
00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:20,000
and before she was introduced to Hassanin, they say, I don't want to be sort of a rumor-bonger here,

406
00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:26,000
but they say that she had a little flame with Lawrence of Arabia.

407
00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:31,000
They used to see her a lot sort of escaping together somewhere in the alleyways of Cairo.

408
00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:39,000
But anyway, she was introduced to Hassanin, and Hassanin at the time, had it in his mind,

409
00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:45,000
apart from his passion for women and fencing and all this stuff, he had this thing about the desert.

410
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:49,000
It's one of those things, it grabs certain people, and what about those?

411
00:33:49,000 --> 00:33:54,000
It just gets you, it becomes an obsession, you just want to go back.

412
00:33:54,000 --> 00:33:59,000
The Arab say that you meet God when you go into desert, and I think there are probably right,

413
00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:05,000
there's something that happens, you're kind of, you're just near whatever it is,

414
00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:11,000
you know, the crops are good builders, I don't know, you're near whatever it is, and you sense it.

415
00:34:11,000 --> 00:34:19,000
Anyway, he got the bug, and he wanted to go and find there was rumors, the Steadard, about lost oasis,

416
00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:26,000
so Shangri-Laas of the desert, he wanted to go and explore and discover, he was at this bug.

417
00:34:27,000 --> 00:34:33,000
And he got permission in those days was pretty, but amazingly, he decided to take Rosita Falls with him.

418
00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:39,000
Now this is 1920, and I went even at the wise women today to go on their own.

419
00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:47,000
This is pretty dangerous territory, and still the Bedwins are kind of shy about foreigners, and certainly about women traveling on their own.

420
00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:52,000
But anyway, he decided to take Rosita Falls, they got permission from the King of Egypt, special papers,

421
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:59,000
and they went in to go, they wanted to be the first foreigners to reach the oasis of Kufra.

422
00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:04,000
Now Kufra nobody had been there, it's an oasis on the Libyan border, I'll show it to you now,

423
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:13,000
and he wanted to be the first to go there, and so they did, and here's the trip they did,

424
00:35:13,000 --> 00:35:21,000
they started off in the edge where Egypt meets Libya and the border here, and they travelled,

425
00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:27,000
to the Kufra oasis, and they did this journey in 1921.

426
00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:32,000
They returned back, and they reached the rays of sea on back to Cairo,

427
00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:34,000
it took them about two months to do it.

428
00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:42,000
He wrote for Rosita Falls, brought a book called the Lost Oasis of Kufra and he wrote a book,

429
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:47,000
and he came to give a talk to the Royal Society, except that suddenly it's apparent fling,

430
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:54,000
that they might have had it as a turnsower, and I wish I would know,

431
00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:58,000
Rosita Falls, she must have been quite a cat, she travelled around the world,

432
00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:04,000
she went to explore China, and it also does wonderful British ladies with travel in those days,

433
00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:09,000
and anyway, it turned a bit sour because she published a book first,

434
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:15,000
and she kind of introduced Hassanana as a kind of glorified guide, really.

435
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:19,000
And he was very much a gentleman, and he didn't sort of contest this,

436
00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:25,000
and apparently you give a talk at the Royal Society, and the geographical society,

437
00:36:25,000 --> 00:36:32,000
and he kind of ignored the kind of commentaries that were being painted, the press,

438
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:36,000
that he was Rosita Falls, little boy, you know,

439
00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:39,000
but he decided that he was going to do something else.

440
00:36:39,000 --> 00:36:44,000
He was going to do the most daring of explorations ever attempted.

441
00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:49,000
He was start all over again, excuse me, from here,

442
00:36:49,000 --> 00:36:54,000
and he was going to go in search of the real lost oasis, unnamed.

443
00:36:54,000 --> 00:37:01,000
There was rumors at Kufra that there was some sort of lost oasis with wonderful things there,

444
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:07,000
nobody had been there, and he wanted to go there, and so again, a year and a half later,

445
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:17,000
he went set up his base at Salum, and there is wonderful sex, yeah?

446
00:37:23,000 --> 00:37:28,000
And there he is, and he died very young, actually, very sadly,

447
00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:31,000
he was in a car crash, like, not on somebody's way,

448
00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:35,000
and he attempts this trip with camels.

449
00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:41,000
I mean, I tell you, I've done it before, it drives, and I wouldn't even dream of doing half the trip in camels.

450
00:37:41,000 --> 00:37:47,000
But anyway, he managed to do it, and he reached this zone.

451
00:37:47,000 --> 00:37:51,000
Now he passed from Hufra, and he finally reached this zone,

452
00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:58,000
which he himself called Owayna, he named, and you would see it because I went there recently.

453
00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:01,000
So I'll spare you the pictures that I gathered.

454
00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:08,000
Now, what he found was something extraordinary, nobody knew that there was mountains in this region.

455
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:11,000
It's in fact the tallest peak in Sahara.

456
00:38:11,000 --> 00:38:15,000
It's a small mountain region, it's about 30 kilometers in diameter,

457
00:38:15,000 --> 00:38:21,000
and it is this region that is going to change everything we know about the ancient Egypt.

458
00:38:21,000 --> 00:38:22,000
You're going to see why.

459
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:26,000
In fact, probably everything we know about civilization.

460
00:38:26,000 --> 00:38:28,000
Wow.

461
00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:33,000
Sorry, I...

462
00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:40,000
It's the Pharaoh's curse there, don't you?

463
00:38:44,000 --> 00:38:46,000
Hello, can I have you back?

464
00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:54,000
Where was I?

465
00:38:56,000 --> 00:38:57,000
So anyway?

466
00:38:57,000 --> 00:38:58,000
Yes.

467
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:06,000
So you discovered this region, which you called Owayna, in Arabic Owayna, it means little eyes.

468
00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:17,000
And the Arabs used the word eyes to define wells, or more precisely, ponds, natural ponds.

469
00:39:17,000 --> 00:39:21,000
Because they believe that it was kind of like the eye of the earth.

470
00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:24,000
And this ponds, of course, in the desert are extremely valuable.

471
00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:30,000
And the only source of water in this whole region.

472
00:39:30,000 --> 00:39:34,000
If you're going to travel there, you want to make sure that you get there,

473
00:39:34,000 --> 00:39:38,000
because if you don't make it there, you're going to have water to return.

474
00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:41,000
But anyway, he discovered Owayna.

475
00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:49,000
And there it is, it's from Google Earth, that's the region.

476
00:39:49,000 --> 00:39:51,000
And that's his path.

477
00:39:52,000 --> 00:40:01,000
Now quite extraordinarily, because he passed on the Libyan border, he missed an even bigger region,

478
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:03,000
which is the signs of Switzerland.

479
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:12,000
If you can imagine Switzerland without trees, it is amazing, it is mountains, but no vegetation, nothing, zero.

480
00:40:12,000 --> 00:40:17,000
Anyway, when he was at Owayna, he actually reached this point.

481
00:40:18,000 --> 00:40:21,000
And there, here is a wonderful romantic story.

482
00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:23,000
It was considered uninhabited.

483
00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:26,000
There are no possibility of human beings living there.

484
00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:32,000
And even the veterans who traveled in the desert were quite amazed that this place was not known,

485
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:35,000
and they didn't expect to find anybody there.

486
00:40:35,000 --> 00:40:39,000
And as Hassanane is sleeping on his first night at Owayna,

487
00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:43,000
there is a young girl, apparently, maybe that was her,

488
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:46,000
and I'd say, picture taken by Hassanane himself,

489
00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:50,000
who wakes him up with a bowl of milk.

490
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:52,000
It's totally starting.

491
00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:55,000
They didn't expect to find even being there.

492
00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:57,000
And she spoke with strange language.

493
00:40:57,000 --> 00:41:04,000
It turned out to be eventually, the father, it was a language called Tebel, from the Tebel people, the ancient veterans.

494
00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:10,000
And she somehow, there was one of the veterans who kind of understood a bit of Tebel one of the guides.

495
00:41:10,000 --> 00:41:15,000
And she said, I want you to take you to my king.

496
00:41:15,000 --> 00:41:18,000
Okay.

497
00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:22,000
And indeed, they took him, there they are these people.

498
00:41:22,000 --> 00:41:25,000
Now, I'm showing it to you because they disappeared.

499
00:41:25,000 --> 00:41:30,000
Amazingly, people went there a few years later, and they were no more there.

500
00:41:30,000 --> 00:41:36,000
And we have no idea where they've gone, who they were, and where they had come from.

501
00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:38,000
But he managed to take these pictures.

502
00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:42,000
I think I know where they come from, and we'll end up, I'll talk with that.

503
00:41:43,000 --> 00:41:58,000
They are probably the last inhabitants of this area, which spawns the phalanx civilization, as you're going to see.

504
00:41:58,000 --> 00:42:04,000
Then the king, called King Henny.

505
00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:07,000
And there was about 150 of them.

506
00:42:07,000 --> 00:42:11,000
Anyway, it took pictures of them, and King Henny said,

507
00:42:11,000 --> 00:42:13,000
when he asked, well, where do you come from?

508
00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:17,000
And he said, we always lived here, but there were people living before us.

509
00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:19,000
And he said, how do you know?

510
00:42:19,000 --> 00:42:24,000
He says, well, we have the pictures drawn on the rocks.

511
00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:29,000
And he said, show me, and he went to show them pictures.

512
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:33,000
And this is actually taken in 1920.

513
00:42:33,000 --> 00:42:39,000
And what he was amazed was that he saw in the supposedly totally arid area.

514
00:42:39,000 --> 00:42:43,000
And I have modern pictures, so we look at them more carefully.

515
00:42:43,000 --> 00:42:47,000
Creatures that were not supposed to be that.

516
00:42:47,000 --> 00:42:54,000
Giraffes, elephants, lions, rhinoceros.

517
00:42:54,000 --> 00:42:56,000
When?

518
00:42:56,000 --> 00:43:00,000
And took a few pictures, and he reported this to the Royal Assembly.

519
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:07,000
This was the first time that we found out, and that's 1923, not only of this area,

520
00:43:07,000 --> 00:43:11,000
but that we knew that there were people living in those zones.

521
00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:19,000
Before that, like I said, all Egyptologists were convinced that not only nobody lived there, but the ferros in Gauder.

522
00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:27,000
Anyway, upon his returns, I'm showing you the picture, because he seduced the queen of Egypt.

523
00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:29,000
Nice looking lady.

524
00:43:29,000 --> 00:43:32,000
She died in the United States, but the way in case you're interested.

525
00:43:32,000 --> 00:43:35,000
And she's converted to Christianity for some reason.

526
00:43:35,000 --> 00:43:39,000
She was actually half French, but that's another story.

527
00:43:39,000 --> 00:43:43,000
And that's another man.

528
00:43:43,000 --> 00:43:49,000
He is Prince Kamal, nor Adine.

529
00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:54,000
He was next to the throne after King Fwad.

530
00:43:54,000 --> 00:44:00,000
He rejected the throne, because he wanted to be a desert explorer like Hassanene.

531
00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:03,000
But he had money.

532
00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:06,000
And so, there's this wonderful picture.

533
00:44:06,000 --> 00:44:08,000
I mean, it's what I made it.

534
00:44:08,000 --> 00:44:13,000
He had the Citroen company, built him this very first four-wind drive.

535
00:44:13,000 --> 00:44:16,000
It's the very first ever, four-wind drive, a real real.

536
00:44:16,000 --> 00:44:18,000
The real terrific guy.

537
00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:21,000
And he said, I'm going to go to O'Waynatt.

538
00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:26,000
I'm going to go there, and I'm going to see what Hassanene says, and I'm going to take cameras,

539
00:44:26,000 --> 00:44:30,000
and I'm going to find these ancient people on this.

540
00:44:30,000 --> 00:44:32,000
And so he did.

541
00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:35,000
He shot off in the desert.

542
00:44:35,000 --> 00:44:37,000
And that's history.

543
00:44:37,000 --> 00:44:44,000
Except that instead of going on the Libyan side, he went to Dachla,

544
00:44:44,000 --> 00:44:47,000
and throw that on cut into the deep desert.

545
00:44:47,000 --> 00:44:52,000
And that is why he found this area, whereas Hassanene had bypassed it.

546
00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:59,000
He found this Switzerland Shangri-La in the Sahar.

547
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:02,000
He called it Gulf Kibir.

548
00:45:02,000 --> 00:45:05,000
Gulf Kibir is 300 kilometers long.

549
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:08,000
It's 80 kilometers thick.

550
00:45:08,000 --> 00:45:14,000
It's literally the size of Switzerland, even today, hardly explored.

551
00:45:14,000 --> 00:45:18,000
I'm saying this because I'm now taking people there.

552
00:45:18,000 --> 00:45:25,000
In case you want to join one of my trips, we're on something at the end.

553
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:28,000
And there it is, 1926.

554
00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:33,000
Amazing. We didn't know it was there.

555
00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:36,000
He pushed to O'Waynatt, and then returned to Cairo, he was held again.

556
00:45:36,000 --> 00:45:38,000
He's here all this stuff.

557
00:45:38,000 --> 00:45:41,000
And who was a friend of his?

558
00:45:41,000 --> 00:45:44,000
Oh, there he is in his older age.

559
00:45:44,000 --> 00:45:46,000
Oh, there's another guy.

560
00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:49,000
And that's, I tell you, it's amazing romantic.

561
00:45:49,000 --> 00:45:51,000
I hope I'm not boring with this.

562
00:45:51,000 --> 00:45:55,000
But major rough backnotes.

563
00:45:55,000 --> 00:45:57,000
Who knows about that?

564
00:45:57,000 --> 00:46:01,000
Actually, he had a very famous sister.

565
00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:04,000
She was an author.

566
00:46:04,000 --> 00:46:05,000
I always forget her name.

567
00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:08,000
She wrote National Velvet.

568
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:11,000
That's right. Well done.

569
00:46:11,000 --> 00:46:17,000
And her husband was apparently the originator of the writer,

570
00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:19,000
journalism.

571
00:46:19,000 --> 00:46:23,000
Anyway, there is rough backnotes with the sides. He too is going to explore.

572
00:46:23,000 --> 00:46:25,000
And he tries to go to Githli Kibir.

573
00:46:25,000 --> 00:46:27,000
It doesn't quite make it.

574
00:46:27,000 --> 00:46:34,000
And there is with his fourth tea, we're talking about the 1930s now.

575
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:37,000
They got stuck in the sand.

576
00:46:37,000 --> 00:46:39,000
I'm sure you this because this is a very rare picture.

577
00:46:39,000 --> 00:46:42,000
They were found recently.

578
00:46:42,000 --> 00:46:44,000
I don't know how they took these cars there.

579
00:46:44,000 --> 00:46:48,000
I tell you, even with modern forward drives, it's quite a journey.

580
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:54,000
And he found the first evidence of these famous circles that I'll be showing you.

581
00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:58,000
It's actually known as the Bagnol circle.

582
00:46:58,000 --> 00:47:00,000
It was found in 1930.

583
00:47:00,000 --> 00:47:03,000
Nobody to this day has studied the circle.

584
00:47:03,000 --> 00:47:04,000
We've started studying it.

585
00:47:04,000 --> 00:47:08,000
I'm saying we because I'm writing a book with just finished the book with an astrophysic

586
00:47:08,000 --> 00:47:10,000
called Tom Brophy.

587
00:47:10,000 --> 00:47:13,000
And the book will be published at the end of this year.

588
00:47:13,000 --> 00:47:16,000
It is not an Islamic circle.

589
00:47:16,000 --> 00:47:18,000
By the way, it's 8,000 years old.

590
00:47:18,000 --> 00:47:21,000
It's still there.

591
00:47:21,000 --> 00:47:25,000
It's really spooky when you go there.

592
00:47:25,000 --> 00:47:28,000
And then comes the most romantic figure of all

593
00:47:28,000 --> 00:47:31,000
who happened to be a friend of Prince Kamal,

594
00:47:31,000 --> 00:47:35,000
Count Al-Mashi, the English patience.

595
00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:37,000
And he decides there is.

596
00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:41,000
It's not so handsome as Ralph Fee and Izzy.

597
00:47:41,000 --> 00:47:48,000
He shows you what Hollywood can do.

598
00:47:48,000 --> 00:47:52,000
He shows you what Hollywood can do.

599
00:47:52,000 --> 00:47:55,000
He actually quite a romantic story.

600
00:47:55,000 --> 00:47:57,000
But he decides to do something else.

601
00:47:57,000 --> 00:48:00,000
Rather than go by car, he actually decides to do it by plane.

602
00:48:01,000 --> 00:48:04,000
And he convinces two rich aristocrats,

603
00:48:04,000 --> 00:48:08,000
Lord and Lady Clayton, who are the characters of the film.

604
00:48:08,000 --> 00:48:13,000
And they decide to go there by a little gypsy boss,

605
00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:15,000
there it is.

606
00:48:15,000 --> 00:48:20,000
And they go to give him the famous cave of swimmers.

607
00:48:20,000 --> 00:48:23,000
I've actually slept in the cave of swimmers.

608
00:48:23,000 --> 00:48:26,000
I had a wonderful night there.

609
00:48:26,000 --> 00:48:29,000
And there they found more of this rock art.

610
00:48:29,000 --> 00:48:31,000
It's all over the place.

611
00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:34,000
We're finding rock art by the day and this day.

612
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:37,000
Now suddenly everybody's interested.

613
00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:39,000
But what was interesting about this particular rock art

614
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:44,000
and show you pictures later on was that people were swimming.

615
00:48:44,000 --> 00:48:47,000
Actually found people swimming, drawings.

616
00:48:47,000 --> 00:48:49,000
And now we come to modern times.

617
00:48:49,000 --> 00:48:50,000
And who's this guy?

618
00:48:50,000 --> 00:48:51,000
Another one.

619
00:48:51,000 --> 00:48:53,000
Another crazy desert explorer.

620
00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:55,000
A German.

621
00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:58,000
Surprisingly, because of the bother T-Ford,

622
00:48:58,000 --> 00:49:02,000
it was a representative of the Ford company in Munich.

623
00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:03,000
And he went to Egypt.

624
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:06,000
He then resented him as a commercial manager.

625
00:49:06,000 --> 00:49:07,000
And he resigned.

626
00:49:07,000 --> 00:49:09,000
He bought 12 camels.

627
00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:12,000
And he decided to become a desert explorer.

628
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:14,000
This was an 1880.

629
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:17,000
I know Carlo is a good fellow man.

630
00:49:17,000 --> 00:49:20,000
And Carlo just wanted the desert.

631
00:49:20,000 --> 00:49:22,000
He based himself in Dachlo, Jesus.

632
00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:24,000
And he wanted the desert.

633
00:49:24,000 --> 00:49:26,000
And he offered his services here and there

634
00:49:26,000 --> 00:49:27,000
and took tools around.

635
00:49:27,000 --> 00:49:33,000
And he worked for the German archaeological exploration society and so forth.

636
00:49:33,000 --> 00:49:34,000
And he's the man.

637
00:49:34,000 --> 00:49:36,000
I mean, it shows it's all his outsiders.

638
00:49:36,000 --> 00:49:40,000
He discovered what is known today as the Abu Balas trailer.

639
00:49:40,000 --> 00:49:47,000
Remember this, this, this, this, this hill that English guy found with the, with the, with the, with the pottery.

640
00:49:47,000 --> 00:49:51,000
He not only discovered, but he worked out what the pottery was on about.

641
00:49:51,000 --> 00:49:54,000
They were donkey water stations.

642
00:49:54,000 --> 00:49:58,000
The feros were going to find out.

643
00:49:58,000 --> 00:50:03,000
Now, the feros actually went where we didn't go to 1926.

644
00:50:03,000 --> 00:50:05,000
We thought we had discovered or not.

645
00:50:05,000 --> 00:50:07,000
We thought we had discovered.

646
00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:10,000
It gets to be a, where we didn't.

647
00:50:10,000 --> 00:50:14,000
The feros did it 5,000 years ago.

648
00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:17,000
And we have the proof now.

649
00:50:17,000 --> 00:50:20,000
And again, too crazy, explorers, you'll meet them soon.

650
00:50:20,000 --> 00:50:25,000
And the carabel when decides to explore this Abu Balas hill.

651
00:50:25,000 --> 00:50:31,000
And he discovered, here is Abu Balas, this Abu Balas hill.

652
00:50:31,000 --> 00:50:39,000
And he discovered all along here, a train of small Abu Balas hills pottery.

653
00:50:39,000 --> 00:50:41,000
And it's well accepted now.

654
00:50:41,000 --> 00:50:43,000
What the feros did?

655
00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:47,000
We know the feros because there are markings of the feros on these pots.

656
00:50:47,000 --> 00:50:51,000
You're going to see some modern pictures of these pots now.

657
00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:57,000
They literally lay these pots and they would go and fill them with water, come back.

658
00:50:57,000 --> 00:50:59,000
Go to the next station, fill them, go back.

659
00:50:59,000 --> 00:51:01,000
And they prepared the kind of enruks.

660
00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:03,000
So when the carabel was ready, we would find these stations.

661
00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:05,000
And they would refill the donkeys.

662
00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:08,000
In case you're interested, you need two liters.

663
00:51:08,000 --> 00:51:14,000
The donkey travels at about 15 kilometers with two liters of water.

664
00:51:14,000 --> 00:51:18,000
So you have to fill it up every 15 kilometers.

665
00:51:18,000 --> 00:51:24,000
With water, at least it's water.

666
00:51:24,000 --> 00:51:26,000
And that's one of his books.

667
00:51:26,000 --> 00:51:32,000
He wrote the last of the bedrooms, the lights between.

668
00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:33,000
He regards himself.

669
00:51:33,000 --> 00:51:37,000
There's a modern pots, that's how they look like.

670
00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:40,000
It's still the trade of them.

671
00:51:41,000 --> 00:51:48,000
What he demonstrated was that the feros, at least attempted to go to Gilph Gibir.

672
00:51:48,000 --> 00:51:51,000
Now why would they want to go there?

673
00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:55,000
If I had the night was there in the first place.

674
00:51:55,000 --> 00:52:00,000
And I know it sounds like, believe me, it's one hell of a track.

675
00:52:00,000 --> 00:52:04,000
You really have to be sure that there's going to be something there, at least water,

676
00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:06,000
where they had their pots.

677
00:52:06,000 --> 00:52:08,000
You had to know there was something there.

678
00:52:08,000 --> 00:52:14,000
There was at least no point of taking your risk and going in the open desert and die.

679
00:52:14,000 --> 00:52:23,000
But the conclusion was that the feros attempted to reach these areas never quite made it,

680
00:52:23,000 --> 00:52:26,000
and kind of backtracked.

681
00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:32,000
No evidence at all of Veronica Presence beyond there.

682
00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:38,000
And that was the end of the story until there's some more pictures.

683
00:52:38,000 --> 00:52:41,000
There are all over the place by the way, but what am I saying?

684
00:52:41,000 --> 00:52:48,000
There are about these, particularly dates, to about the fourth of, sorry, the sixth dynasty,

685
00:52:48,000 --> 00:52:52,000
which places it about 2,200 BC.

686
00:52:52,000 --> 00:52:58,000
In them, they still found food, bits of grains and stuff.

687
00:52:58,000 --> 00:53:01,000
They actually had stations with food and water.

688
00:53:01,000 --> 00:53:05,000
There's from the hill looking down.

689
00:53:05,000 --> 00:53:10,000
And there's a car though, at hospital, you know, all of it did it.

690
00:53:10,000 --> 00:53:13,000
He went tracking in the middle of winter and I was standing people,

691
00:53:13,000 --> 00:53:14,000
he'd don't want to do that.

692
00:53:14,000 --> 00:53:17,000
You catch the terrible flows and calls, call the chest.

693
00:53:17,000 --> 00:53:19,000
And there's another guy here.

694
00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:27,000
There's Mahmoud Marae, another one of these crazy explorers.

695
00:53:27,000 --> 00:53:30,000
And here it is.

696
00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:34,000
I'm looking at the area here.

697
00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:40,000
Mahmoud Marae was contacted by a fellow called Mark Borda.

698
00:53:40,000 --> 00:53:44,000
It's very strange, I'm going to run out of time here.

699
00:53:44,000 --> 00:53:47,000
Can I keep going?

700
00:53:47,000 --> 00:53:49,000
Yeah.

701
00:53:49,000 --> 00:53:52,000
I'm, yeah, 10 minutes, man.

702
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:54,000
Come on.

703
00:53:54,000 --> 00:54:00,000
Mark Borda is about tea businessmen.

704
00:54:00,000 --> 00:54:03,000
He met me in 1998 on one of my tools.

705
00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:06,000
And I never heard of Mark Borda since.

706
00:54:06,000 --> 00:54:11,000
And in December 2007, I got a call from Mark Borda.

707
00:54:11,000 --> 00:54:13,000
I was completely forgotten about him.

708
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:16,000
Saying Robert, I've been exploring the Sahara.

709
00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:18,000
So what should we do, Mark?

710
00:54:18,000 --> 00:54:21,000
He said, ah, he's one of these confirmed batch of the guys,

711
00:54:21,000 --> 00:54:24,000
you know, thinniest fog type guy.

712
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:27,000
And he just uses his money to explore Sahara.

713
00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:30,000
And he did the same thing as he became friends with Carl Bergen.

714
00:54:30,000 --> 00:54:33,000
And he bought some more camels and they off they went.

715
00:54:33,000 --> 00:54:40,000
And he contracted this guy, Mahmoud Marae, who is also another explorer.

716
00:54:40,000 --> 00:54:43,000
And he decides to go to Jebel, O'Waynatt.

717
00:54:43,000 --> 00:54:47,000
And basically what they wanted to do was find some more of these rock arts

718
00:54:47,000 --> 00:54:50,000
that had been reported, and take pictures.

719
00:54:50,000 --> 00:54:54,000
And off they went, here they are.

720
00:54:54,000 --> 00:54:57,000
Romantic guys, this looks more serious now.

721
00:54:57,000 --> 00:55:00,000
And you can well look very carefully between them.

722
00:55:00,000 --> 00:55:03,000
They are showy where they actually went.

723
00:55:03,000 --> 00:55:05,000
They were quite courageous.

724
00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:08,000
They actually crossed the Sudanese border.

725
00:55:08,000 --> 00:55:11,000
There is no red border that I mean, just lying on the picture.

726
00:55:11,000 --> 00:55:12,000
It just desert.

727
00:55:12,000 --> 00:55:14,000
And they crossed here.

728
00:55:14,000 --> 00:55:18,000
And they went on the south side of Jebel O'Waynatt and somewhere here.

729
00:55:18,000 --> 00:55:21,000
And the picture is taken there.

730
00:55:21,000 --> 00:55:22,000
Sorry, here it is.

731
00:55:23,000 --> 00:55:27,000
This picture, this moment, will change everything we know about ancient Egypt,

732
00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:30,000
because they found for the first time.

733
00:55:30,000 --> 00:55:32,000
Look very carefully.

734
00:55:32,000 --> 00:55:34,000
He wrote a glyphic writing.

735
00:55:34,000 --> 00:55:37,000
The Pharaohs went there.

736
00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:42,000
It's actually a cartouche of King meant to hotep the second.

737
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:47,000
And here it is.

738
00:55:47,000 --> 00:55:49,000
I have to go back to another story.

739
00:55:49,000 --> 00:55:54,000
It's a momentary truth.

740
00:55:54,000 --> 00:55:58,000
Because the Pharaohs told us that they went there and Egyptologists went

741
00:55:58,000 --> 00:55:59,000
believe them.

742
00:55:59,000 --> 00:56:01,000
Except they had different names.

743
00:56:01,000 --> 00:56:06,000
In the fifth and sixth dynasty, there is a man called Har Kuf.

744
00:56:06,000 --> 00:56:09,000
Har Kuf lived in a swan.

745
00:56:09,000 --> 00:56:11,000
He was the governor of a swan.

746
00:56:11,000 --> 00:56:13,000
In a period.

747
00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:16,000
And for some reason, the Pharaoh pecked the second.

748
00:56:16,000 --> 00:56:18,000
And there was a boy, Pharaoh, actually.

749
00:56:18,000 --> 00:56:24,000
Like to turn home and gave him orders to go and explore the kingdom of Yam.

750
00:56:24,000 --> 00:56:26,000
And so he did.

751
00:56:26,000 --> 00:56:28,000
It is for expeditions.

752
00:56:28,000 --> 00:56:31,000
He even tells us that he took the Oasis Road.

753
00:56:31,000 --> 00:56:35,000
And yet Egyptologists were utterly convinced that the kingdom of Yam was somewhere

754
00:56:35,000 --> 00:56:39,000
between the first and second cataract on the 9 in the Sudan.

755
00:56:39,000 --> 00:56:43,000
And they have it marked on Egyptological maps and all that.

756
00:56:43,000 --> 00:56:46,000
And this inscription not only tells us that the Pharaohs went there,

757
00:56:46,000 --> 00:56:52,000
but that the Pharaoh is meeting an envoy from Yam.

758
00:56:52,000 --> 00:56:55,000
How did they notice?

759
00:56:55,000 --> 00:56:58,000
It's completely changed as our picture about these people.

760
00:56:58,000 --> 00:57:01,000
Not only the geography of Egypt suddenly blows itself,

761
00:57:01,000 --> 00:57:06,000
but they went to meet this people of Yam, who are these people.

762
00:57:06,000 --> 00:57:09,000
And let's see if I have a picture of the inscription.

763
00:57:09,000 --> 00:57:11,000
I don't know if you can see it from there.

764
00:57:11,000 --> 00:57:12,000
Let me get closer.

765
00:57:12,000 --> 00:57:14,000
That's Mark Borda, right?

766
00:57:16,000 --> 00:57:19,000
Anyway, on the way back, I think I have a picture later on.

767
00:57:19,000 --> 00:57:22,000
On the way back, they...

768
00:57:22,000 --> 00:57:26,000
Now, what these guys do, which Egyptologists do not do,

769
00:57:26,000 --> 00:57:29,000
they actually go on foot.

770
00:57:29,000 --> 00:57:31,000
They actually go on foot or write comments.

771
00:57:31,000 --> 00:57:34,000
You have to do that otherwise you don't have to make discoveries.

772
00:57:34,000 --> 00:57:37,000
This inscription has been there for four or half thousand years.

773
00:57:37,000 --> 00:57:40,000
Nobody had seen it.

774
00:57:41,000 --> 00:57:43,000
They only found it because they went on foot.

775
00:57:43,000 --> 00:57:45,000
This is the new way of exploring in the desert.

776
00:57:45,000 --> 00:57:47,000
We were introducing this foot exploration,

777
00:57:47,000 --> 00:57:49,000
because it's not used to going with four grand.

778
00:57:49,000 --> 00:57:50,000
You're going to miss everything.

779
00:57:50,000 --> 00:57:54,000
And as they went on foot, and I'm talking about like 60 days later,

780
00:57:54,000 --> 00:57:56,000
they look a bit higher than it.

781
00:57:56,000 --> 00:58:00,000
They decided they explored the edge of Jeveru Wenat

782
00:58:00,000 --> 00:58:03,000
on the north side and they stumbled in a cave.

783
00:58:03,000 --> 00:58:05,000
There it is.

784
00:58:05,000 --> 00:58:09,000
And it's the most extraordinary cave I've been there recently.

785
00:58:09,000 --> 00:58:12,000
I'm the second person visiting this cave.

786
00:58:12,000 --> 00:58:14,000
The drawings are something else.

787
00:58:14,000 --> 00:58:18,000
The artistic quality of these pre-stonic people.

788
00:58:18,000 --> 00:58:19,000
And we can't date them.

789
00:58:19,000 --> 00:58:20,000
We can't date them.

790
00:58:20,000 --> 00:58:22,000
There's a variety of very strange techniques.

791
00:58:22,000 --> 00:58:23,000
It's B-hives.

792
00:58:23,000 --> 00:58:27,000
Because there was so little humidity in the area

793
00:58:27,000 --> 00:58:30,000
when they did those drawings when the paint was wet.

794
00:58:30,000 --> 00:58:33,000
Apparently B is going sort of attached from the back.

795
00:58:33,000 --> 00:58:38,000
And some of the hives are still there, and you can carbon-date the hives.

796
00:58:38,000 --> 00:58:39,000
Interesting.

797
00:58:39,000 --> 00:58:40,000
There it is.

798
00:58:40,000 --> 00:58:41,000
Let me get closer.

799
00:58:41,000 --> 00:58:46,000
We now know how they look like.

800
00:58:46,000 --> 00:58:49,000
The people of Yam.

801
00:58:49,000 --> 00:58:51,000
Who were they?

802
00:58:51,000 --> 00:58:54,000
Look very carefully.

803
00:58:54,000 --> 00:58:59,000
They actually were hats or plume desilady here sitting and doing something.

804
00:58:59,000 --> 00:59:02,000
She wears this fantastic whatever it is.

805
00:59:02,000 --> 00:59:05,000
They have jewelry.

806
00:59:06,000 --> 00:59:11,000
And you can't see it too clearly here, but they dress in the ancient Egyptians.

807
00:59:11,000 --> 00:59:16,000
See the pyramid shaped kilt.

808
00:59:16,000 --> 00:59:18,000
There is too much to look into.

809
00:59:18,000 --> 00:59:19,000
And there's hundreds of pictures.

810
00:59:19,000 --> 00:59:20,000
But I'm not going to show you this.

811
00:59:20,000 --> 00:59:22,000
I only have five minutes left.

812
00:59:22,000 --> 00:59:26,000
Look at the quality of the drawing there.

813
00:59:26,000 --> 00:59:32,000
And it's quite amazing when you enter a cave that has been untouched for 8,000 years.

814
00:59:32,000 --> 00:59:33,000
This is 8,000 years.

815
00:59:33,000 --> 00:59:37,000
It looked like it was done yesterday.

816
00:59:37,000 --> 00:59:47,000
When we send the pictures to magazine, they thought it was a fake.

817
00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:51,000
So Markov, the funds me up and says, go and meet Mahmoud Marayy.

818
00:59:51,000 --> 00:59:53,000
And we found these inscriptions.

819
00:59:53,000 --> 00:59:57,000
And I knew immediately what it meant.

820
00:59:57,000 --> 00:59:59,000
The feros went there.

821
00:59:59,000 --> 01:00:00:01,000
But then I knew the story of Harkuf.

822
01:00:01,000 --> 01:00:07,000
Harkuf says not only that he went there, he went to meet the ancestors.

823
01:00:07,000 --> 01:00:10,000
He went to meet what they call the Ahu people.

824
01:00:10,000 --> 01:00:16,000
The Egyptian world for Ahu means spiritual people, but they refer to them as ancestors.

825
01:00:16,000 --> 01:00:19,000
They knew that ancestors.

826
01:00:19,000 --> 01:00:20,000
So I had to go there.

827
01:00:20,000 --> 01:00:22,000
I just had to do it.

828
01:00:22,000 --> 01:00:25,000
And I asked Marayy to organize an expedition for me.

829
01:00:25,000 --> 01:00:27,000
And I'm trickier to the pictures very quickly.

830
01:00:28,000 --> 01:00:32,000
Some of you may be interested to join me on my next one.

831
01:00:32,000 --> 01:00:35,000
It's tough stuff.

832
01:00:35,000 --> 01:00:40,000
So it's not for those who don't like sleeping outdoors.

833
01:00:40,000 --> 01:00:43,000
And particularly those who like to stay clean.

834
01:00:43,000 --> 01:00:47,000
You have, you can't wash for 12 days.

835
01:00:47,000 --> 01:00:50,000
I'm looking at the ladies in particular.

836
01:00:50,000 --> 01:00:53,000
You can just about cleanse your face.

837
01:00:53,000 --> 01:00:57,000
Because we have to take the water and it's huge amounts of water.

838
01:00:57,000 --> 01:00:58,000
There we are.

839
01:00:58,000 --> 01:00:59,000
We did the strip.

840
01:00:59,000 --> 01:01:04,000
So we organize the strip to reach a well-nath and we drove to Dahlah.

841
01:01:04,000 --> 01:01:06,000
It takes an overnight trip to reach Dahlah.

842
01:01:06,000 --> 01:01:08,000
You sleep at Bahrain.

843
01:01:08,000 --> 01:01:11,000
We prepared our gear there.

844
01:01:11,000 --> 01:01:18,000
And off we went to look for the skin in the m of yam.

845
01:01:18,000 --> 01:01:20,000
There's the expedition.

846
01:01:21,000 --> 01:01:23,000
Let's come closer.

847
01:01:23,000 --> 01:01:26,000
We took two ladies by the way.

848
01:01:26,000 --> 01:01:29,000
One of them is my wife, Michelle.

849
01:01:29,000 --> 01:01:34,000
Michelle is a very French and she took a long time to persuade her to come.

850
01:01:34,000 --> 01:01:37,000
They thought there was going to be an actually something that bad.

851
01:01:37,000 --> 01:01:38,000
It's not that bad.

852
01:01:38,000 --> 01:01:39,000
I tell you one thing.

853
01:01:39,000 --> 01:01:42,000
It's very strange how quickly you get into...

854
01:01:42,000 --> 01:01:46,000
I don't like to use the word primitive, but you get back into nature.

855
01:01:46,000 --> 01:01:48,000
It's very, very quick.

856
01:01:48,000 --> 01:01:49,000
We did it today.

857
01:01:49,000 --> 01:01:51,000
Suddenly everybody knew what they were doing.

858
01:01:51,000 --> 01:01:54,000
And I'd see them wandering in the morning with the little toilet paper and we'll be hiding the

859
01:01:54,000 --> 01:01:56,000
Dune and come back.

860
01:01:56,000 --> 01:01:58,000
It's very strange that we did it.

861
01:01:58,000 --> 01:02:01,000
And suddenly everybody knows what they're supposed to do automatically.

862
01:02:01,000 --> 01:02:05,000
We won't pick wood if we find prepared a fire.

863
01:02:05,000 --> 01:02:07,000
There's my more the way that we're now.

864
01:02:07,000 --> 01:02:10,000
Well, I'm skipping a lot because we're moving into deep desert.

865
01:02:10,000 --> 01:02:12,000
We're our way to Gilfkebeer.

866
01:02:12,000 --> 01:02:14,000
Tom Broffy here.

867
01:02:14,000 --> 01:02:16,000
We're stopping in the various.

868
01:02:16,000 --> 01:02:18,000
Now, by the way, here is the very interesting.

869
01:02:18,000 --> 01:02:20,000
I'm a method scientist.

870
01:02:20,000 --> 01:02:25,000
But Carl O'Burwen, the German guy with his camels found something else.

871
01:02:25,000 --> 01:02:30,000
He found something that is known today as the Jettiffra Water Mountain.

872
01:02:30,000 --> 01:02:32,000
Another one of these stations.

873
01:02:32,000 --> 01:02:35,000
But Jettiffra, you'll see his cartouch there.

874
01:02:35,000 --> 01:02:36,000
I hope, oops, we don't.

875
01:02:36,000 --> 01:02:38,000
But it's on the wall there.

876
01:02:38,000 --> 01:02:43,000
Jettiffra was the son of King Calebs.

877
01:02:44,000 --> 01:02:49,000
And there is cartouches of King Calebs on this desert region.

878
01:02:49,000 --> 01:02:52,000
The pyramid builders went there.

879
01:02:52,000 --> 01:02:55,000
And we had no idea of this.

880
01:02:55,000 --> 01:02:57,000
That's me.

881
01:02:57,000 --> 01:02:59,000
And there were a bad news circuit.

882
01:02:59,000 --> 01:03:00,000
Remember that bad news circuit?

883
01:03:00,000 --> 01:03:02,000
Tom Broffy and I are now actually measuring it.

884
01:03:02,000 --> 01:03:05,000
They can, and we reach Gilfkebeer.

885
01:03:05,000 --> 01:03:08,000
We're pretty exhausted by that time.

886
01:03:08,000 --> 01:03:11,000
That six days without washing in case you're interested.

887
01:03:12,000 --> 01:03:19,000
We sort of kept away from each other and we're not counting in the guild.

888
01:03:19,000 --> 01:03:25,000
There's the Cave of Swimmers that you saw with the Almashi,

889
01:03:25,000 --> 01:03:27,000
counter-almashi.

890
01:03:27,000 --> 01:03:28,000
There's the Swimmers.

891
01:03:28,000 --> 01:03:30,000
You see them here?

892
01:03:30,000 --> 01:03:33,000
They're diving and having a good time.

893
01:03:33,000 --> 01:03:36,000
It's very difficult to describe.

894
01:03:36,000 --> 01:03:38,000
But I tried.

895
01:03:38,000 --> 01:03:42,000
It's like visiting another planet.

896
01:03:42,000 --> 01:03:48,000
You get this very strange feeling after five days of tracking in the totally uninhabited regions.

897
01:03:48,000 --> 01:03:50,000
No signs of civilization, nothing.

898
01:03:50,000 --> 01:03:51,000
And you reach this place.

899
01:03:51,000 --> 01:03:54,000
And it's like being in a different planet.

900
01:03:54,000 --> 01:03:59,000
But what is interesting is that you're kind of meeting at least in this form.

901
01:03:59,000 --> 01:04:01,000
People who are there.

902
01:04:01,000 --> 01:04:04,000
And there is a sense, again, it's hard to describe.

903
01:04:04,000 --> 01:04:06,000
There's a sense of timelessness.

904
01:04:06,000 --> 01:04:12,000
It doesn't matter what century you feel like part of the process.

905
01:04:12,000 --> 01:04:14,000
You're one of them.

906
01:04:14,000 --> 01:04:17,000
You have to go there to sense this.

907
01:04:17,000 --> 01:04:20,000
It's again one of these strange connections.

908
01:04:20,000 --> 01:04:23,000
There's these rock arts.

909
01:04:23,000 --> 01:04:26,000
There's the only thing that indicates you're entering the Sudan.

910
01:04:26,000 --> 01:04:28,000
We had to enter illegally by the way.

911
01:04:28,000 --> 01:04:31,000
But so what?

912
01:04:32,000 --> 01:04:35,000
We're now at way nuts.

913
01:04:35,000 --> 01:04:37,000
Very, very, I can tell you.

914
01:04:37,000 --> 01:04:40,000
It's kind of very strange.

915
01:04:40,000 --> 01:04:46,000
You feel like every corner you take might bump into some strange person.

916
01:04:46,000 --> 01:04:48,000
It's one of those feelings.

917
01:04:48,000 --> 01:04:51,000
It's like feeling that you've landed on Mars.

918
01:04:51,000 --> 01:04:52,000
It's one of the things.

919
01:04:52,000 --> 01:04:55,000
But the way I was telling one of the geologists here,

920
01:04:55,000 --> 01:04:58,000
who were talking about this,

921
01:04:58,000 --> 01:05:03,000
they actually NASA studied this region because it actually resembles Mars.

922
01:05:03,000 --> 01:05:06,000
Anyway, she was two peaks there.

923
01:05:06,000 --> 01:05:09,000
We give them names because they're places I'm names.

924
01:05:09,000 --> 01:05:11,000
We started calling them two peaks.

925
01:05:11,000 --> 01:05:14,000
And board that rock and stuff like that.

926
01:05:14,000 --> 01:05:18,000
And there is Mahmoud showing me the inscriptions.

927
01:05:18,000 --> 01:05:20,000
And there it is.

928
01:05:20,000 --> 01:05:23,000
With the profion I.

929
01:05:23,000 --> 01:05:27,000
Now, what's, okay, the ferros went there.

930
01:05:27,000 --> 01:05:31,000
There were people there, there were ancestors.

931
01:05:31,000 --> 01:05:34,000
But did they really kick off the feronix civilization?

932
01:05:34,000 --> 01:05:40,000
I mean, how can these seemingly primitive people?

933
01:05:40,000 --> 01:05:43,000
Because the feronix civilization.

934
01:05:43,000 --> 01:05:46,000
And I'm going to go very quickly because I'm not going to be scolded here for my time.

935
01:05:46,000 --> 01:05:50,000
But here we are the region.

936
01:05:50,000 --> 01:05:52,000
Ferros went there.

937
01:05:52,000 --> 01:05:54,000
But here is another region.

938
01:05:54,000 --> 01:05:56,000
And you will certainly hear a lot about this.

939
01:05:57,000 --> 01:06:00,000
Not the play was discovered in 1974.

940
01:06:00,000 --> 01:06:04,000
For some reason it took the 1998 to realize that it was an astronomical site.

941
01:06:04,000 --> 01:06:07,000
They got it the stone hinge of the desert.

942
01:06:07,000 --> 01:06:11,000
There are megallets there, but they're not as big a stone hinge.

943
01:06:11,000 --> 01:06:12,000
But it's one of those things.

944
01:06:12,000 --> 01:06:13,000
It's not so much their size.

945
01:06:13,000 --> 01:06:14,000
It's what they mean.

946
01:06:14,000 --> 01:06:18,000
Because what they found, it's the start to find it is 1998,

947
01:06:18,000 --> 01:06:21,000
is that they have a astronomical alignment.

948
01:06:21,000 --> 01:06:24,000
And there is one of the stone circles.

949
01:06:25,000 --> 01:06:27,000
Very strange stuff.

950
01:06:27,000 --> 01:06:28,000
Very strange stuff.

951
01:06:28,000 --> 01:06:32,000
No signs of human beings except what they left us.

952
01:06:32,000 --> 01:06:33,000
A bit like stone hinge.

953
01:06:33,000 --> 01:06:34,000
Just the rocks.

954
01:06:34,000 --> 01:06:37,000
But here they are doing strange stuff.

955
01:06:37,000 --> 01:06:38,000
We found tumulize.

956
01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:40,000
We thought they were going to be tombs.

957
01:06:40,000 --> 01:06:41,000
Escavated them.

958
01:06:41,000 --> 01:06:43,000
They buried two ton rocks.

959
01:06:43,000 --> 01:06:46,000
Why they would do that?

960
01:06:46,000 --> 01:06:48,000
And they would bury the rock.

961
01:06:48,000 --> 01:06:50,000
Three meters down.

962
01:06:50,000 --> 01:06:51,000
Cover it with a tumulite.

963
01:06:51,000 --> 01:06:56,000
And when we removed the rocks and went under, we found a natural outcrope

964
01:06:56,000 --> 01:06:59,000
that was hand carved.

965
01:06:59,000 --> 01:07:04,000
Now the sediment, the sediment, to cover up to that level.

966
01:07:04,000 --> 01:07:08,000
We know that the bottom was exposed maybe 12,000 years ago.

967
01:07:08,000 --> 01:07:10,000
These people were dead 12,000 years ago.

968
01:07:10,000 --> 01:07:15,000
And the presence there was still about 3,500 BC.

969
01:07:15,000 --> 01:07:17,000
They stayed for thousands of years.

970
01:07:17,000 --> 01:07:20,000
And what they did, which we never would have suspected,

971
01:07:20,000 --> 01:07:23,000
they not only observed the stars.

972
01:07:23,000 --> 01:07:25,000
The main reason is that they moved big distances.

973
01:07:25,000 --> 01:07:27,000
And they had to learn how to navigate.

974
01:07:27,000 --> 01:07:30,000
But they tracked them over time.

975
01:07:30,000 --> 01:07:34,000
It's the first evidence that we finally have that ancient people,

976
01:07:34,000 --> 01:07:36,000
thousands of years before the ferros,

977
01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:40,000
tracked what we call the procession of the equinox.

978
01:07:40,000 --> 01:07:42,000
Hard proof.

979
01:07:42,000 --> 01:07:44,000
I don't have time to go into all that.

980
01:07:44,000 --> 01:07:46,000
Here is one of these strange rocks that,

981
01:07:46,000 --> 01:07:49,000
by the way, this is a fellow called Fed Wender,

982
01:07:49,000 --> 01:07:52,000
who wanted to discover from the border,

983
01:07:52,000 --> 01:07:57,000
from the University of Texas, the Methodist University of Texas.

984
01:07:57,000 --> 01:08:01,000
It actually looks like strange like a cow, if you look at it.

985
01:08:01,000 --> 01:08:04,000
It's fashioned by human hands. There's no doubt about it.

986
01:08:04,000 --> 01:08:08,000
It had a natural split, unfortunately, split into two.

987
01:08:08,000 --> 01:08:10,000
There's a large megalith, so over the place.

988
01:08:10,000 --> 01:08:12,000
These guys dragged tons.

989
01:08:12,000 --> 01:08:14,000
We really have no idea whether we're doing it.

990
01:08:15,000 --> 01:08:18,000
It's riddled with these stones over the place.

991
01:08:18,000 --> 01:08:20,000
It comes in, the astronomer came Malvin,

992
01:08:20,000 --> 01:08:23,000
and he's the one who discovered all the elements.

993
01:08:23,000 --> 01:08:27,000
The stone circle that you've seen has so special elements

994
01:08:27,000 --> 01:08:30,000
to the summer sources, the line of sight,

995
01:08:30,000 --> 01:08:32,000
and one to the meridian.

996
01:08:32,000 --> 01:08:35,000
There's no doubt it's an astronomical circle.

997
01:08:35,000 --> 01:08:39,000
29 stones, of course, the lunar month.

998
01:08:39,000 --> 01:08:41,000
By the way, the diagonal circle,

999
01:08:41,000 --> 01:08:44,000
we now know that they're both tied in the 700 kilometers apart.

1000
01:08:44,000 --> 01:08:47,000
The Bernard Serkan has 29 stones,

1001
01:08:47,000 --> 01:08:50,000
and has the astronomical elements.

1002
01:08:50,000 --> 01:08:52,000
Come in Tom Brophy.

1003
01:08:52,000 --> 01:08:55,000
What came Malvin discovered, not at the circle,

1004
01:08:55,000 --> 01:08:58,000
they found that there were lines of stones,

1005
01:08:58,000 --> 01:09:00,000
about half kilometers long.

1006
01:09:00,000 --> 01:09:02,000
Some of them pointing eastwards,

1007
01:09:02,000 --> 01:09:06,000
and some of them pointing northwards.

1008
01:09:06,000 --> 01:09:08,000
Now there are three constellations,

1009
01:09:08,000 --> 01:09:09,000
and only three constellations,

1010
01:09:09,000 --> 01:09:11,000
and now for sure that the ancient Egyptians,

1011
01:09:11,000 --> 01:09:14,000
the penabit builders, used, and observed for the rituals,

1012
01:09:14,000 --> 01:09:18,000
for the sightings, for all the things that they did for the religion.

1013
01:09:18,000 --> 01:09:24,000
In the north, the big dipper, in the east, Orion, and Seuss.

1014
01:09:24,000 --> 01:09:28,000
And what they found there is exactly those three constellations,

1015
01:09:28,000 --> 01:09:31,000
being tracked over thousands of years.

1016
01:09:31,000 --> 01:09:34,000
They were not only observing the same constellations,

1017
01:09:34,000 --> 01:09:37,000
they were tracking them.

1018
01:09:38,000 --> 01:09:40,000
I don't want to talk too much about the mathematics here,

1019
01:09:40,000 --> 01:09:42,000
but you'll be hopefully reading my book.

1020
01:09:42,000 --> 01:09:45,000
Here is one of the alignments, one of the meggelets,

1021
01:09:45,000 --> 01:09:47,000
and you can't see the distant ones.

1022
01:09:47,000 --> 01:09:49,000
They shoot towards the east, and so.

1023
01:09:52,000 --> 01:09:54,000
We're observing, I have to go fast here.

1024
01:09:54,000 --> 01:09:56,000
Some dials.

1025
01:09:56,000 --> 01:09:58,000
Eight thousand years ago,

1026
01:10:00,000 --> 01:10:05,000
strange mushrooms, shaped meggelets.

1027
01:10:05,000 --> 01:10:07,000
We know that they were put there by human hands,

1028
01:10:07,000 --> 01:10:11,000
because the rock is not naturally discarded from about 3,400 meters away.

1029
01:10:15,000 --> 01:10:16,000
There you go.

1030
01:10:16,000 --> 01:10:19,000
I'm going to have to close, but what we now think, this is it.

1031
01:10:19,000 --> 01:10:24,000
This is the bottom line, is that I remember I spoke about 200,000 years ago,

1032
01:10:24,000 --> 01:10:27,000
somewhere in the east, this woman gave birth,

1033
01:10:27,000 --> 01:10:29,000
spread around the world, the U.R. It,

1034
01:10:29,000 --> 01:10:34,000
but one group, one group, black Africans.

1035
01:10:34,000 --> 01:10:37,000
We think about 25,000 years ago,

1036
01:10:37,000 --> 01:10:40,000
moved to the chat, the T-besty.

1037
01:10:40,000 --> 01:10:43,000
The reason we think that is because not only you can see the root here,

1038
01:10:43,000 --> 01:10:45,000
but why not?

1039
01:10:45,000 --> 01:10:47,000
They probably came down.

1040
01:10:47,000 --> 01:10:51,000
We know this because we found the same rock arts at T-besty mountains.

1041
01:10:51,000 --> 01:10:54,000
Very mysterious region, this is the next expedition.

1042
01:10:54,000 --> 01:10:58,000
I'm going to try and do it, it's very dangerous, there's a civil war going on there.

1043
01:10:58,000 --> 01:11:03,000
But here is what we think now, that's about 12, 15,000 years ago,

1044
01:11:03,000 --> 01:11:07,000
they came here, they stayed here for a long time, eventually came down here.

1045
01:11:07,000 --> 01:11:12,000
And by that time they had acquired all the rudiments of civilisation,

1046
01:11:12,000 --> 01:11:16,000
the new astronomy, the domesticated catalas you've seen,

1047
01:11:16,000 --> 01:11:18,000
agriculture and moving stones.

1048
01:11:18,000 --> 01:11:22,000
They entered the 9th value property around 3500, maybe 3800,

1049
01:11:22,000 --> 01:11:27,000
injected this knowledge in a hunter gathering society that was there,

1050
01:11:27,000 --> 01:11:31,000
and run the whole, we have the Egyptian civilisation.

1051
01:11:32,000 --> 01:11:35,000
Stop here, we're over my time, thank you very much.

1052
01:11:35,000 --> 01:11:37,000
Thanks, thank you.