1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,000 The Great Pyramid 2 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:04,000 The Great Pyramid 3 00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:06,000 The Great Pyramid 4 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:08,000 The Great Pyramid 5 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:10,000 The Great Pyramid 6 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 7 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 8 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 9 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 10 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 11 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 12 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 13 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 14 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 15 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 16 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 17 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 18 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 19 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 20 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 21 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 22 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 23 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 24 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 25 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 26 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 27 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 28 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 29 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 30 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 31 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 32 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:10,000 33 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:32,000 That was perfect 34 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:40,000 Exactly how a Bronze Age society managed to hold and fit together two and a half million stone blocks 35 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:42,000 Is one of the world's greatest enigma's 36 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:48,000 Today archaeologists may finally be able to solve this mystery 37 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:50,000 Thanks to extraordinary new evidence 38 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:56,000 We have found Prissius information and it's just coming out of the sense 39 00:00:56,000 --> 00:01:00,000 An entombed ship being excavated right now at the foot of the pyramid 40 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:04,000 These boats were made for the afterlife 41 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:08,000 And the long-lost journal of a sailor that is being decoded 42 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:12,000 We have the oldest piracy ever found in the world 43 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:18,000 A leading experts to investigate if ships and ancient waterways could actually 44 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:20,000 It'd be the key to this desert build 45 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:24,000 It's the infrastructure behind the construction of the pyramid 46 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:26,000 That for me is fascinating 47 00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:30,000 Now this team is about to undertake a unique experiment 48 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:32,000 To put these new theories to the test 49 00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:36,000 The blood is shifted in the bit of the foresight 50 00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:38,000 This is one of the best theories to see 51 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:44,000 They can finally unravel the secret of how the Great Pyramid was built 52 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:48,000 And how kufu's innovations transformed his country 53 00:01:54,000 --> 00:02:04,000 The Great Pyramid of Giza is the tomb of a god-came named kufu 54 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:08,000 This is some of the last remaining casing stones 55 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:10,000 Here at the center of the north base 56 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:14,000 That's what they used to cloak the outer pyramid 57 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:18,000 Making joints so tight you can't get a knife blade in between 58 00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:20,000 So I mean truly it was otherworldly 59 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:22,000 They didn't want you to see the human hand 60 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:26,000 They wanted it to be a huge special effect 61 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:36,000 Sourcing 170,000 tons of high-quality limestone to encase the pyramid 62 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:38,000 Was Kufu's biggest challenge 63 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:44,000 Miskud only be mined from far away quarries at a place called Turra 64 00:02:44,000 --> 00:02:50,000 Nobody has ever been completely sure 65 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:54,000 How much stone was brought to Giza to complete the build 66 00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:56,000 In just over a quarter of a century 67 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:02,000 But now new evidence is revealing that kufu may only have managed this 68 00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:06,000 With a fleet of specialy-built boats and highly trained sailors 69 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:10,000 Today at the foot of the pyramid 70 00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:14,000 A unique fine shining light on this theory 71 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:20,000 This is number one project not only in Egypt but in a lot of resort 72 00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:30,000 These pieces of wood are in fact a dismantled boat 73 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:34,000 A ceremonial ship that Kufu would command in the afterlife 74 00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:42,000 It's a unique insight into the vessels used at the time 75 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:46,000 S. Zidane of a seas the excavation 76 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:54,000 According to our analysis this is a result of 2006 and 2010 77 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:58,000 This is the same period of Khufu pyramids 78 00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:02,000 So we know this is the part of Khufu 79 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:06,000 I was really happy because the first demand to touch this wood 80 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:10,000 More than 4,000 years 81 00:04:12,000 --> 00:04:14,000 Figuring out how this boat was built 82 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:18,000 Could help investigators understand the shipping technology that was used 83 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:24,000 To transport stone from distant quarries to the pyramids construction site 84 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:28,000 The time has taken its toll in the wood 85 00:04:28,000 --> 00:04:32,000 And reassembling it as a challenge 86 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:36,000 This plant represents one of the larger planks that we've worked on 87 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:40,000 So far there will be bigger ones I'm sure 88 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:44,000 But this one is about 8.5 meters long 89 00:04:44,000 --> 00:04:48,000 Presumably one of the deck planks near the edge of the boat 90 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:54,000 If I can make this plank strong and stable 91 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:58,000 We can learn a lot from the material from the boat itself 92 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:04,000 It's like a giant but very fragile jigsaw puzzle 93 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:10,000 So the team uses new technology to help them find answers safely 94 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:15,000 After we finish conservation for each of these 95 00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:22,000 We'll try to reassemble the boat and the computer 96 00:05:22,000 --> 00:05:30,000 Because this gives idea about the shape of this boat was our any risk with original pieces 97 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:36,000 The 3D scans reveal that holes in many of the planks line up 98 00:05:38,000 --> 00:05:42,000 Channel like this would have been used to loop rope through 99 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:48,000 It's clear that Khufu is huge boat has literally sewn together 100 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:52,000 The fun indeed and the ropes like this is bits 101 00:05:52,000 --> 00:06:00,000 They used this rope to join the wooden pieces together to fix it together with any nails 102 00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:08,000 Now investigators have found evidence that rope wasn't just used to hold ceremonial ships together 103 00:06:08,000 --> 00:06:12,000 It was also used to build rock carrying boats too 104 00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:20,000 The discovery was made 150 miles away in Wadi Al-Jahar 105 00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:26,000 Here archaeologists including Severing Machia 106 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:32,000 are an earthing fragments of vessels that were stored securely but not in use 107 00:06:32,000 --> 00:06:36,000 They believe they were designed to transport stone 108 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:40,000 The boat was demoted several fragments 109 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:43,000 Then they were stuck in the long-term of the Galerie 110 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:46,000 And the Galerie was closed with its blocks of structure 111 00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:51,000 To be completely protected from the view of the exterior 112 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:57,000 So you can see here a large amount of rope that was used on the boat 113 00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:01,000 The conservation quality and exceptional amount you see 114 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:06,000 The rope was used as if we were to prepare for the ship or to build the ship 115 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:16,000 Investigators working here want to know exactly how these boats were used for the pyramid build 116 00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:23,000 And another find, an earth just meters away 117 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:27,000 is proving to be one of the most crucial new pieces of evidence 118 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:34,000 Archaeologist Pierre Talle has found an ancient scroll of the pirates 119 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:38,000 Since the very day of the discovery twice quite evident 120 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:42,000 that we had the oldest pirates ever found in the words 121 00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:47,000 Came step by step, very, very small pieces at first 122 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:53,000 And on the very last week very big rules of paparic quotes completely preserved 123 00:07:54,000 --> 00:08:00,000 It's taken Pierre four years of painstaking analysis to decipher the paparic fully 124 00:08:02,000 --> 00:08:08,000 It reveals in great detail how sailors worked on the pyramid's construction 125 00:08:08,000 --> 00:08:13,000 The author was a man called Mara 126 00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:18,000 He was an overseer in charge of a cargo boat 127 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:23,000 And the team of 40 elite workmen 128 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:31,000 He describes how his team's daunting job was transporting the pyramids precious white casing stones 129 00:08:32,000 --> 00:08:35,000 Along the river Nile 130 00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:40,000 It's the only first-hand account of the construction of the Great Pyramid 131 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:45,000 This is a very new way to see the building of this pyramid 132 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:49,000 Because we don't know so much about the way it has been built 133 00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:54,000 And those documents are providing very precious information about the way 134 00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:58,000 The worker were able to build such a big construction 135 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:03,000 The ceremonial ship, Mara's papyrus 136 00:09:04,000 --> 00:09:06,000 And the remains of his cargo vessel 137 00:09:07,000 --> 00:09:13,000 Are giving investigators a new insight into the vital role of boats played in the pyramid's construction 138 00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:21,000 Now they want to uncover what it actually took to ship such vast quantities of stone 139 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:29,000 In Cairo, one archaeologist is devising a bespoke experiment to find out 140 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:39,000 We have a lot of questions on the navigation on the mile for the working boat, carrying stones, more really excited 141 00:09:40,000 --> 00:09:43,000 Mara met up Del McGweed and his team 142 00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:48,000 Aim to learn more of Mara's journey by recreating every step of it 143 00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:55,000 Mara's plan is to build a wooden cargo boat using Mara's ancient techniques 144 00:09:56,000 --> 00:10:00,000 And cut a casing stone from the same quarry that he used 145 00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:04,000 He'll then attempt to sail the stone block across the Nile 146 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:08,000 Before dragging it to the foot of the pyramid 147 00:10:10,000 --> 00:10:12,000 Mara added a very good information for us 148 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:20,000 And maybe experimenting this will help a lot to get a step forward in the field 149 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:25,000 Mara's first challenge is to construct the vessel 150 00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:30,000 But no complete cargo boats from the time but ever been on earth 151 00:10:31,000 --> 00:10:33,000 So what did it look like? 152 00:10:35,000 --> 00:10:40,000 To find out, Mara is searching for clues inside this underground tomb 153 00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:45,000 It's the final resting place for a man called T 154 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:52,000 T is tomb is very famous for its scenes of boat construction 155 00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:56,000 Only one boat you can count 13 percent 156 00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:59,000 Everyone is busy with something 157 00:11:02,000 --> 00:11:06,000 There are no first-hand accounts of how Mara built his cargo boat 158 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:12,000 So deciphering these scenes helps Mara met select the right tools and techniques 159 00:11:13,000 --> 00:11:16,000 Here you can see them that he was using the soul 160 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:21,000 He would have to be there just in using this more blade of the head 161 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:27,000 Mara met can tell that the Egyptians made their boats strong enough to carry huge rocks 162 00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:30,000 Through the precision and strength that they're joinery 163 00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:40,000 They put the plank and they start to push it into the hull to make one unit 164 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:44,000 Here you can see between the two planks we have we have a tenon 165 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:47,000 If they have two armarts, two force them inside 166 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:51,000 There is a lot of thing to learn 167 00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:58,000 But most importantly, Mohammed can finally see what these cargo boats really looked like 168 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:01,000 And the exact shape they took 169 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:06,000 Now he can draw up plans for his vessel 170 00:12:07,000 --> 00:12:10,000 And his team can begin the build 171 00:12:13,000 --> 00:12:18,000 They need to fit each of the planks together before starting the job of stitching and tight 172 00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:25,000 Mohammed's designing this vessel to carry one average sized casing stone 173 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:27,000 Way two and a half tons 174 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:34,000 But building boats was only part of the answer to finishing Kufu's pyramid 175 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:40,000 These vessels needed to get far closer to the construction site 176 00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:43,000 Than the Nile would allow 177 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:47,000 The solution would involve another ambitious engineering project 178 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:51,000 That would completely transform the landscape 179 00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:56,000 The next project is the new design of the new project 180 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:02,000 The new design of the new project is the new design of the new project 181 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:07,000 The new design of the new project is the new design of the new project 182 00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:12,000 The new design of the new project is the new design of the new project 183 00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:16,000 The new design of the new project is the new design of the new project 184 00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:19,000 The new design of the new project is the new design of the new project 185 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:22,000 Like the one used by the ancient sailor Marend 186 00:13:23,000 --> 00:13:25,000 It's part of an experiment 187 00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:30,000 To investigate how boats transported the pyramids heavy casing stones 188 00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:36,000 Go on to be sure that the boat is strong enough to hold and support the weight of the stone 189 00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:42,000 I don't think that Marend had these fears 190 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:46,000 Or thinking about the problems of weight and so 191 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:50,000 Because we are not experienced but he had experience 192 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:57,000 Mahamed's team is using techniques learned from ancient tomb carvings 193 00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:00,000 To assemble the 8-meter long boat 194 00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:05,000 Now they're ready to fix the pieces together 195 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:07,000 By stitching them with rope 196 00:14:08,000 --> 00:14:11,000 Just like the ceremonial ship of the Pharaoh Kufu 197 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:16,000 Who would have around 1000 holes to cut 198 00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:24,000 The rope will do the rope of maintaining the shape and the whole form and also gives strength 199 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,000 The team threads of a 3 miles of rope 200 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:38,000 Through holes along the length of the vessel 201 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:45,000 After months of planning and construction 202 00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,000 The boat is finally finished 203 00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:56,000 At this nearby quarry 204 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:58,000 Archaeologist Adal Kalaini 205 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:03,000 Leeds a team that's mining a stone block from the Hammett's vessel to transport 206 00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:07,000 Carved from two or limestone 207 00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:11,000 It would be just like the casing stone Marend shipped to the pyramid 208 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,000 It's quite important to have very little cracks 209 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:17,000 One colour, the hardness is okay and good 210 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:22,000 In general this is good to spot for cutting stone 211 00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:29,000 This is a shithole with a pointed edge 212 00:15:29,000 --> 00:15:33,000 This is actually one of the main tools that ancient Egyptian use 213 00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:35,000 The sound actually with the hammering 214 00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:38,000 It was a kind of like a music for the workmen 215 00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:40,000 It's keep them active 216 00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:47,000 It takes 12 workers to hank deep into the rock 217 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,000 To rough out the shape of the block 218 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:55,000 They stone is completely free from the whole site 219 00:15:55,000 --> 00:16:01,000 But the bottom which is really the most important and also the most difficult part 220 00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:09,000 Okay guys it's cracking 221 00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:17,000 Now they need to leave at the block of the quarry face 222 00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:20,000 And roll onto flat ground 223 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,000 Marend it blocks before transport to his boat 224 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:36,000 Otherwise it will be big problem for him 225 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:43,000 The block passes inspection and is ready for shipping 226 00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:47,000 But they're still a missing piece in the puzzle 227 00:16:49,000 --> 00:16:54,000 For ships to be effective they need to get far closer to the pyramid than the Nile would allow 228 00:16:56,000 --> 00:17:00,000 Now in what are our jobs 229 00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:05,000 Pierre Telle is decoding the long lost journal of sail and Marend 230 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:09,000 To find out how the ancient Egyptians achieved this 231 00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:14,000 What we can see from the logs is that Marend is not working all the time 232 00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,000 About bringing the blocks to the pyramid 233 00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:21,000 It's only one of the different missions he has during the year 234 00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:26,000 It turns out that Marend skills may have included engineering 235 00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:32,000 He writes that his crew were involved in a scheme to transform the landscape 236 00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:37,000 They opened giant dice to divert water from the Nile 237 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:42,000 And channel it to the pyramid through man-made canals 238 00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:50,000 Now archaeologists are uncovering evidence of this 239 00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,000 At the geese of plateau 240 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:57,000 On the surface there's no sign of any canals at this site 241 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:02,000 But Marend Lainer is being investigated in the pyramid for more than 40 years 242 00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:05,000 And is one of the world's leading experts 243 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:08,000 Thinks that clues light underground 244 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:14,000 He's collected samples of Earth from the plateau to help track down the lost waterway 245 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:21,000 For many meters the drill cores came up with nothing but dry sand 246 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:26,000 And then suddenly they came down under very concentrated thick silt 247 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,000 The contrast couldn't be more stark 248 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:33,000 And the several meters of this concentrated clay 249 00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:36,000 Told us that there must be an ancient waterway 250 00:18:37,000 --> 00:18:39,000 So we knew Nile water had to be there 251 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:43,000 Filling an ancient waterway with that clay and silt 252 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,000 We've outlined a central canal basin 253 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:51,000 Which we think was the primary delivery area to the foot of the geese of plateau 254 00:18:54,000 --> 00:19:00,000 Marend Lainer is discovered how ancient pyramid builders completely re-engineered this landscape 255 00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:06,000 They dug a series of deep canals by hand 256 00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:11,000 And created an inland port 257 00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:15,000 When Marend Lainer opened the dikes 258 00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:19,000 The Nile's water filled these cuttings that the brim 259 00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:25,000 They sell out his heavily laden boats to dock 260 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:28,000 Within just a few hundred meters of the pyramid 261 00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:32,000 Without this clever hydraulic engineering 262 00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:36,000 It would have been impossible to ship in casing stones 263 00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:40,000 And complete Kufu's pyramid on time 264 00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:45,000 But the scale of these works was beginning to change the country too 265 00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:53,000 Kufu started something that must have been truly a very complex port city 266 00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:56,000 Perhaps the largest port city of its kind 267 00:19:57,000 --> 00:20:01,000 And that's why I'm more interested not in how the Egyptians built the pyramids 268 00:20:02,000 --> 00:20:04,000 But how the pyramids helped to build Egypt 269 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:10,000 Water was key to Kufu being able to construct this great pyramid 270 00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:15,000 But the mighty Nile wasn't just vital for transport 271 00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:21,000 Kufu also used it to get people to devote their lives to the construction of his tunnel 272 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:26,000 The nation believed that their own god king controlled the river's flow 273 00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:32,000 And the pleasing him was essential to ensuring they had enough water 274 00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:37,000 On an island in the Nile, Egyptologist Salima Iqra 275 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:42,000 Is investigating this link between the river and the Pharaoh's power 276 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,000 The Nile was key to Egyptian civilization 277 00:20:47,000 --> 00:20:49,000 Without the Nile, Egypt couldn't have existed 278 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:52,000 This is a Nile omitted 279 00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:58,000 Built to measure annual floods, the one that only important for shipping loads to the pyramids 280 00:20:59,000 --> 00:21:01,000 But also for irrigating land 281 00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:06,000 The water was coming and it was a climb and climb and time was a floodf rose 282 00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:10,000 And you can see all of these markings here that measure the height 283 00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:17,000 In Kufu's time, a good flood suggested the Pharaoh was pleased with his people 284 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:19,000 And a bountiful harvest would follow 285 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:24,000 About here is where it would have been an ideal flood situation 286 00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:28,000 Two far below people would have been starving to death 287 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:32,000 Two far above, they would have been washed away so there was no electricity 288 00:21:34,000 --> 00:21:39,000 Kufu's supposed power over the Nile gave him incredible control over his people 289 00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:46,000 The king was Egypt, the land of Egypt and that also meant the Nile 290 00:21:47,000 --> 00:21:53,000 So if the land was fertile and strong, it meant that was because the king was strong and good 291 00:21:54,000 --> 00:21:58,000 If the Nile was failing, it clearly meant that there was something wrong with the king 292 00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:03,000 So the king's success and his strength as a ruler 293 00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:08,000 In fact was also very much tied to the strength and power of the Nile 294 00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:14,000 Without the Nile, the Great Pyramid would have been impossible to build 295 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,000 The river was a source of power over the workforce 296 00:22:19,000 --> 00:22:22,000 And the only way to transport enough stone 297 00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:29,000 Now investigators are ready to recreate one sailor's dangerous mission 298 00:22:29,000 --> 00:22:34,000 To discover first hand exactly what it involved 299 00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:51,000 In Egypt, archaeologists are investigating whether boats and elite teams of sailors 300 00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:54,000 Were the secret to building Kufu's great pyramid 301 00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:59,000 They were uncovered the long-lost journal of a sailor called Meron 302 00:23:00,000 --> 00:23:05,000 Who transported huge quantities of stone along the Nile to the Pyramid side 303 00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:18,000 Mohammed Abdul Maguit and his team are conducting an experiment to discover exactly how he did it 304 00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:25,000 Like the ancient Egyptians, they built a boat that is sung together by rope alone 305 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:31,000 They're about to find out if it will take the load of a pyramid block 306 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:36,000 I am anxious, this is the day of the group who can't say 307 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:41,000 Meron, he would come to see his boat launch 308 00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:45,000 So be sure that everything is safe for the fish 309 00:23:48,000 --> 00:23:50,000 They will take the track out 310 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:55,000 Meron's team were assembled their vessels on the shore 311 00:23:56,000 --> 00:23:59,000 And slide them to the water on wooden rollers 312 00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:04,000 I'm not sure if it will blow or not 313 00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:12,000 We have some water 314 00:24:12,000 --> 00:24:21,000 The most of the water is coming from the middle part of the boat 315 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:30,000 The ancient Egyptians knew that water would initially seep into these stitched together boats 316 00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:34,000 But this would make the joints swell 317 00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:38,000 And Mohammed's boat is slowly becoming watertight 318 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:47,000 This is a very important phase for the water proofing 319 00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:55,000 Also it helps with the alashing because the ropes will be bent and will bring all the blanks together 320 00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,000 It's a successful launch 321 00:25:00,000 --> 00:25:03,000 But can the boat hold the weight of a heavy stone block 322 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:09,000 Pyramid construction would grind to a standstill if rocks were delivered late 323 00:25:09,000 --> 00:25:13,000 So sailors like Meron had to work to an exacting timetable 324 00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,000 In what he outjaved 325 00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:23,000 Pyramid is been decoding Meron's journal 326 00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:26,000 To find out how sailors working on the monument 327 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:29,000 were organised and motivated to avoid delays 328 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:36,000 This inspector may rise the shift of a small group of about 40 persons 329 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:40,000 It is only a section of a big team 330 00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:47,000 But the organisation of work that we can see here is exactly the same as the building of the Great Pyramid of Rufu 331 00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:56,000 The papyrus shows that Kufu divided his work into teams with clear responsibilities and targets 332 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:04,000 The crew of 40 men like Meron led was known as a file 333 00:26:07,000 --> 00:26:11,000 For files formed a gang of 160 elite labourers 334 00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:19,000 And it took many of these gangs to make up a huge workforce thousand strong 335 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:25,000 Kufu didn't have general labourers 336 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:28,000 He had focused elite squads 337 00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:34,000 There is a very precise division of the work 338 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:41,000 I think everything is perfectly planned and everything is perfectly calculated for the pyramid building 339 00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:48,000 The STM is investigating another discovery on earth at Wadi Al-Jaf 340 00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:56,000 These water jars reveal how each file was given its own clear identity as motivation 341 00:26:57,000 --> 00:27:04,000 Most of the spotry was inscribed with a formula giving the name of the team that is supposed to use them 342 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:11,000 These parts reveal that Meron's file was called the followers of the boat 343 00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:14,000 Named after the snake on its figurehead 344 00:27:15,000 --> 00:27:17,000 Those fragments are naming the team of Meron 345 00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:22,000 And we couldn't even imagine that Meron himself could have handled the jar 346 00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:31,000 The crew was uncovering team names and hundreds of objects found right across the site 347 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:36,000 They discovered the identities of six separate boat crews so far 348 00:27:37,000 --> 00:27:46,000 By getting each file a clear identity, Kufu may have deliberately fostered a sense of pride and competition among his workers 349 00:27:47,000 --> 00:28:00,000 On the banks of the Nile, Meron's team is ready to recreate the specific task assigned to Meron's file 350 00:28:01,000 --> 00:28:10,000 The ancient Egyptians probably cracked rocks onto their boats but were wooden ramps from Jettis 351 00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:19,000 Meron would be worthy of the loading of the boat itself 352 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:26,000 But he would have skilled men who is calculated to put the stones and how to do it 353 00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:35,000 There heavy cargo had to be placed evenly across the vessel to prevent it capsizing 354 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:49,000 They have to remove it somehow to isolate to the left for the stability 355 00:28:57,000 --> 00:28:59,000 They check the hole for leaks 356 00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:02,000 It's looking good 357 00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:09,000 The hammered team discovers that boats stitched together with nothing more than rope 358 00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:13,000 Really can cope with heavy loads 359 00:29:14,000 --> 00:29:19,000 Now they let him to sail the vessel across the mighty Nile 360 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:25,000 The limestone block will make it difficult to both prepare and to steer 361 00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:30,000 But Meron's papyrus reveals the best way to do it 362 00:29:32,000 --> 00:29:36,000 He writes that the quarries were upstream from the pyramid 363 00:29:37,000 --> 00:29:43,000 This meant that when the boat was fully loaded, his team could paddle quickly with the current 364 00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:52,000 Then they used regular northerly winds to sail the empty boat back against the flow 365 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:06,000 The hammered crew will try to maneuver their cargo straight across the Nile 366 00:30:07,000 --> 00:30:10,000 That's far shorter than Meron's regular run 367 00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:15,000 It seems difficult for them to roll 368 00:30:20,000 --> 00:30:23,000 We have a problem from some waves 369 00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:28,000 Hort side is lower in the water than starboard 370 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:33,000 The rocking of the boat is causing the limestone to slip 371 00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:41,000 The block is shifted a little bit to the outside, that's why you have this melting in the boat 372 00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:45,000 This is not the best situation 373 00:30:46,000 --> 00:30:50,000 If the rock keeps sliding, the boat could capsize 374 00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:54,000 They need to get control 375 00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:56,000 The rock's in the air 376 00:30:57,000 --> 00:31:01,000 Heading straight across the Nile is only making it worse 377 00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:09,000 So they decide to row with the current and head down stream 378 00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:11,000 Just like Meron 379 00:31:12,000 --> 00:31:16,000 Rodgers of the stern angered the vessel towards the opposite shore 380 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:23,000 The roar of having fun on the boat, while it's a new experience for them 381 00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:27,000 Finally they approach safe harbor 382 00:31:30,000 --> 00:31:33,000 It's clear how skillful the ancient Egyptians must have been 383 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:37,000 To transport 70 tons of stone at the time 384 00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:44,000 I think Meron would be proud 385 00:31:45,000 --> 00:31:47,000 With that accomplishment of his work 386 00:31:48,000 --> 00:31:52,000 He was doing something for the king, which is very important for them at this time 387 00:31:55,000 --> 00:32:00,000 This job is not easy, we have to admit it now 388 00:32:01,000 --> 00:32:04,000 Adults team will take over from here 389 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:08,000 They investigate how workers hold these stones 390 00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:13,000 From the water right up to the pyramid face, using manpower and loam 391 00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:22,000 When they deliver their heavy cargo to the pyramid site, Meron and his team would overnight hear 392 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:28,000 Two from needed to look after his work force to keep them healthy and motivated 393 00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:34,000 And Archaeologist Mark Leira thinks that housing by the port played a role 394 00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:39,000 Here he's uncovered the ruins of a whole lost town 395 00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:46,000 Are we on the spot where Meron and his men stayed overnight? 396 00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:50,000 We put a grid over the whole place in order to map it 397 00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:55,000 And then we can decide where to excavate down to the floor level 398 00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:58,000 To the houses and places where they live 399 00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:04,000 New walls were built to protect the original ruins 400 00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:08,000 And these now reveal how buildings were laid out 401 00:33:10,000 --> 00:33:14,000 Mark thinks this one is a style appropriate for a team leader like Meron 402 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:18,000 You come into the main living room 403 00:33:19,000 --> 00:33:24,000 Now opening off the same sand for room, you also have in effect as bedroom 404 00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:28,000 This is a rather substantial sleeping platform as we call them 405 00:33:29,000 --> 00:33:31,000 And so it's just about the right length 406 00:33:32,000 --> 00:33:34,000 You know see for official of 407 00:33:35,000 --> 00:33:37,000 Moderate height like myself to stretch out 408 00:33:39,000 --> 00:33:43,000 But houses like this were too grand for the workers that Meron commanded 409 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:49,000 Around each of these house compounds I expected to find smaller houses at the dependence 410 00:33:50,000 --> 00:33:56,000 What we found some of that but in the center of the site we found something very different 411 00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:03,000 Mark has unearthed the outline of a building that is 35 meters long 412 00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:08,000 It's the perfect size to sleep 40 people 413 00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:14,000 The number of workers that Meron's journal suggests he's likely to have had in his team 414 00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:19,000 The thick walls supported arches and a flat roof 415 00:34:20,000 --> 00:34:22,000 Lades side by side 416 00:34:23,000 --> 00:34:27,000 These barric blocks were an efficient way of housing a huge work force 417 00:34:29,000 --> 00:34:33,000 The structure Mark's found here was used just after Meron's time 418 00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:40,000 But he thinks his team was put up in similar vast modern blocks just like this 419 00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:50,000 This would have been occupation of a density unseen anywhere else in Egypt in any village or town site of that time 420 00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:56,000 Providing adequate accommodation was only part of Kufu's problem 421 00:34:57,000 --> 00:35:04,000 Investigator's want to find out how he fed the thousands of hungry laborers working here 422 00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:09,000 Archaeologist Claire Malerson is looking for clues 423 00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:15,000 These are samples of ash from within one of the houses of the town 424 00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:21,000 And the plants are preserved when they're charred when we can identify what plant it is by just by the shape 425 00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:25,000 Weet is the most important crop before making bread 426 00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:33,000 To feed just the individuals staying in the barric's area it would need over 200 loaves of bread a day 427 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:37,000 This was food production on an industrial scale 428 00:35:38,000 --> 00:35:40,000 And Claire has found the proof 429 00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:44,000 So got various different sizes of bread mould 430 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:47,000 The mould itself weighs about 7 kilos 431 00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:51,000 So imagine this full of bread as well, it was pretty hefty 432 00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:57,000 And we have hundreds of these, hundreds and thousands and tons of fragments of them 433 00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:00,000 People talk about how the pyramid was physically constructed 434 00:36:01,000 --> 00:36:05,000 It's the infrastructure behind how that was done that for me is much more fascinating 435 00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:10,000 Pyramid building was starting to transform Egypt 436 00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:16,000 A vast and efficient way to feed and how his people was being developed 437 00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:20,000 But things weren't just changing at home 438 00:36:22,000 --> 00:36:27,000 Archaeologists are beginning to discover how Kufu's great build had consequences 439 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:29,000 Far beyond his own nation 440 00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:46,000 In Egypt, investigators are discovering that ship is vital for transporting stone 441 00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:52,000 But originally in case the great pyramid, giving it a brilliant white finish 442 00:36:55,000 --> 00:37:02,000 Now new excavations are exposing just how far a field these boats needed to travel to a chief Kufu's dream 443 00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:10,000 At the ancient port of Wadi Al-Jarth, Pierre Talle's team has made an important discovery 444 00:37:11,000 --> 00:37:16,000 We're working at just found a tool where she will be very well preserved inside one of the galleries 445 00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:23,000 I've not seen it myself and it's just coming out of the sand 446 00:37:28,000 --> 00:37:35,000 There is really the ship of the Replayed Cicadagger and a small Cicadagger 447 00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:39,000 It's a little bit broken and a bunch of these things are completely different 448 00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:42,000 The other part is broken 449 00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:48,000 It's not very expected to find a scale of the whole night in the Black England in the Sereway 450 00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:53,000 Cooper is not so free-taste because it's very precious 451 00:37:54,000 --> 00:38:01,000 Builders needed copper chisels so they could cut and shape pyramid stones with mathematical precision 452 00:38:02,000 --> 00:38:04,000 But the ancient Egyptians had a problem 453 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:09,000 Mine's near the monument couldn't produce the huge quantities needed 454 00:38:10,000 --> 00:38:13,000 So workers had to look further afine 455 00:38:18,000 --> 00:38:23,000 Pierre has discovered the place where he believes the builders headed to solve this problem 456 00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:30,000 We're going to the site of the displaced old Swiss golf from the Red Sea 457 00:38:31,000 --> 00:38:34,000 And we made an incredible discovery there 458 00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:37,000 Three miles from Pierre's main excavation 459 00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:41,000 He's unearthed another significant find 460 00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:44,000 The ruins of a lost ancient jetty 461 00:38:45,000 --> 00:38:50,000 This blocks are part of this jetty, it has been very well done 462 00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:57,000 Because it actually was strong enough to last at least four million from the time of the construction 463 00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:01,000 It's also possible to distinguish the underwater part of the jetty 464 00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:04,000 If you are looking closely to the sea 465 00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:10,000 The team has mapped out the jetty at low tide 466 00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:15,000 To reveal that its stretch is 200 meters out to sea in an L-shaped 467 00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:22,000 At the bottom of the arbore itself we also find about 25 angles that's where left 468 00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:30,000 So we have the most ancient artificial arbore in the world 469 00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:35,000 This harbor was built to be big enough to protect a large fleet of cargo boats 470 00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:41,000 That would sail to the Sainite Peninsula 471 00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:47,000 The bigger mines for copper that's Egyptian could use at that time 472 00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:54,000 Where in Sainite this arbore was probably exclusively to get copper for the tools for making the pyramid itself 473 00:39:56,000 --> 00:40:00,000 Without this harbor, Kufu's dream could never be achieved 474 00:40:00,000 --> 00:40:07,000 And there is papyrus revealed just how extensive Kufu's shipping needs to be 475 00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:15,000 Decoding the higher goals shows that copper imports were just the tip of the iceberg 476 00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:25,000 Building the pyramid was such big business that a vast transport network was needed to funnel commodities to the monument 477 00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:30,000 The project was a truly international affair 478 00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,000 Food for the workers was found in the Nile Delta 479 00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:43,000 Wood for shipbuilding came from Lebanon, 400 miles to the north 480 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:47,000 Lime stone for the pyramids casing came from Tura 481 00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:53,000 And granite for its internal chambers from Aswan, far to the south 482 00:40:54,000 --> 00:40:58,000 We have a variety of the importance of the state at that time 483 00:40:59,000 --> 00:41:03,000 Organizing very carefully all the raw materials for the workers 484 00:41:04,000 --> 00:41:10,000 All the country was working from the project of the building of this great pyramid of Fufu 485 00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:17,000 But it wasn't just Kufu and his pyramid that would benefit from this massive new infrastructure 486 00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:22,000 This huge construction project was transforming the nation 487 00:41:23,000 --> 00:41:27,000 Through the movement of goods and people on an unprecedented scale 488 00:41:31,000 --> 00:41:37,000 Archaeologist Mark Leino is overlooking the area where many of these materials and products arrived 489 00:41:38,000 --> 00:41:42,000 It was a teaming bustling busy port 490 00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:47,000 Through this water transport infrastructure came people from all over Egypt 491 00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:53,000 It's at this port that Merra would have docked with his limestone blocks 492 00:41:54,000 --> 00:41:58,000 The most forgiving place offered by the Giza Plateau 493 00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:04,000 To Merra and his men for offloading their stone and getting it up to the Kufu pyramid 494 00:42:05,000 --> 00:42:08,000 Would have been the area now just out in front of this thing 495 00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:11,000 There's a natural ramping up 496 00:42:12,000 --> 00:42:17,000 In fact the modern ramp from this thanks to the Kufu pyramid follows that very inclined 497 00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:22,000 Mark has identified the route 498 00:42:23,000 --> 00:42:29,000 But how were heavy stones hold half a mile uphill through men by renown 499 00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:37,000 Near the pyramid Archaeologist Adal Calayne has assembled a team of 40 men 500 00:42:38,000 --> 00:42:44,000 He wants to see how thousands of giant stones were transported their final few hundred meters 501 00:42:46,000 --> 00:42:50,000 Now the workmen are three buried for putting the stone on the stretch 502 00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:54,000 They have to be very careful with the Stimlico the stone is really very heavy 503 00:42:59,000 --> 00:43:04,000 Recent excavations prove that the blocks weren't simply dragged across the sand by sheer force 504 00:43:05,000 --> 00:43:10,000 The Egyptians used a clever system of rails and possibly rollers as well 505 00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:25,000 You can listen for the sound of the workmen actually it's show that they are very happy and working very very fast for transporting this blocks 506 00:43:27,000 --> 00:43:33,000 Once they get going it's surprising just how much speed they can reach with such a heavy stone 507 00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:42,000 The Egyptians had an innate understanding of force, acceleration, and momentum 508 00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:56,000 When the blocks arrived at the pyramid face they had to be perfectly shaped to fit the sloping sides of the tomb 509 00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:02,000 This was a job for trigonometry, not trial and error 510 00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:10,000 So ancient Egyptian art very clever with mathematics, including the angles that say you that for this kind of large buildings 511 00:44:13,000 --> 00:44:17,000 Ancient engineers figured out that they only needed to take two measurements 512 00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:23,000 The horizontal distance of 11 units and the vertical distance of 14 units 513 00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:31,000 Joining them gives the pyramid its perfect slope and angle of 51.8 degrees 514 00:44:32,000 --> 00:44:38,000 It was actually surprising for me because to making this ship it was taking more than three hours 515 00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:43,000 It took more time actually more than you know splitting the stone from the quarries 516 00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:52,000 These bright white stones were the final chapter in the story of building the great pyramid 517 00:44:54,000 --> 00:45:00,000 When the monument was finished it looked very different today 518 00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:08,000 It's 68,000 casing stones were fitted so tightly together the seams were barely visible 519 00:45:09,000 --> 00:45:15,000 But Kufu's huge construction project achieved far more than just his tomb 520 00:45:17,000 --> 00:45:20,000 It brought life changing innovations 521 00:45:21,000 --> 00:45:27,000 A massive network of waterways and an artificial port revolutionized Egypt's transport system 522 00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:36,000 And a sophisticated new city enable the workforce to be organized and cared for on a whole new scale 523 00:45:38,000 --> 00:45:43,000 Once they had put all these systems and all this infrastructure in place there was no going back 524 00:45:45,000 --> 00:45:48,000 They became more important than the pyramid itself 525 00:45:50,000 --> 00:45:57,000 And set Egyptian civilization off on a course for the next two or three millennium 526 00:45:59,000 --> 00:46:04,000 Kufu's workers believed this giant project would reap rewards in the afterlife 527 00:46:05,000 --> 00:46:11,000 But their real success was in helping to create a modern and powerful nation 528 00:46:21,000 --> 00:46:25,000 The first time they were able to build a new building 529 00:46:26,000 --> 00:46:31,000 The first time they were able to build a new building 530 00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:37,000 The second time they were able to build a new building 531 00:46:38,000 --> 00:46:43,000 The second time they were able to build a new building