1 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:32,060 you 2 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:06,799 there are quite a few authenticated cases of man-made artifacts being 3 00:01:06,799 --> 00:01:10,799 found in rocks which is thought to be very old especially cold seams for 4 00:01:10,799 --> 00:01:14,560 example it's quite commonplace what tends to happen is that conventional 5 00:01:14,560 --> 00:01:18,079 geologists take these artifacts and dismiss them immediately they say they 6 00:01:18,079 --> 00:01:21,280 must be wrong they couldn't possibly be of that age well I suppose there are two 7 00:01:21,280 --> 00:01:26,640 explanations for these artifacts the first is that there really were people 8 00:01:26,640 --> 00:01:31,319 making things many many millions of years ago or alternatively our dating 9 00:01:31,319 --> 00:01:34,560 methods are not as reliable as we think they are and the strata are much 10 00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:39,079 younger I think on the whole the second explanation is probably the more 11 00:01:39,079 --> 00:01:45,120 sensible one on the face of it an artifact human artifact found in a layer 12 00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:49,040 of rock which seems to be millions of years old is an inexplicable anomaly 13 00:01:49,040 --> 00:01:53,299 it's not so inexplicable if the strata isn't millions of years old and if the 14 00:01:53,299 --> 00:01:57,259 dating method that's being used is in fact inaccurate and I suspect that in 15 00:01:57,259 --> 00:02:01,179 many cases that's exactly what has happened in recent years we use 16 00:02:01,179 --> 00:02:05,819 radioactive dating techniques to date rock strata the technique is thought to 17 00:02:05,819 --> 00:02:11,500 be unassailably reliable it's thought to be absolutely accurate in fact that 18 00:02:11,500 --> 00:02:15,340 many many anomalies have been discovered which do cast doubt on the accuracy of 19 00:02:15,340 --> 00:02:20,180 the method and many scientists who are involved in dating and in metallurgy and 20 00:02:20,780 --> 00:02:24,580 other related fields have published papers casting doubts on the accuracy of 21 00:02:24,580 --> 00:02:28,819 radioactive dating these doubts tend to be ignored by the scientific community 22 00:02:28,819 --> 00:02:33,819 for example the rate at which coal is formed is still controversial the 23 00:02:33,819 --> 00:02:37,620 conventional idea is that coal is formed very slowly over millions of years and 24 00:02:37,620 --> 00:02:41,260 that basically it's age that determines the formation of coal in fact there's 25 00:02:41,260 --> 00:02:44,700 quite a bit of evidence in the field that coal might be produced and would by 26 00:02:44,700 --> 00:02:50,100 pressure alone for example modern timber pilings and bridges have turned into 27 00:02:50,099 --> 00:02:56,460 a low rank of coal the Ohio coal seam in the United States the rank of the 28 00:02:56,460 --> 00:03:00,379 coal increases as you get as the coal goes further and further on the ground 29 00:03:00,379 --> 00:03:03,579 as the pressure increases so it seems there is some evidence that pressure 30 00:03:03,579 --> 00:03:08,859 alone might generate coal in a relatively short space of time now if coal 31 00:03:08,859 --> 00:03:12,659 can be produced relatively rapidly what about the other rocks of the earth's 32 00:03:12,659 --> 00:03:16,459 crust perhaps they could be formed relatively rapidly as well this is 33 00:03:16,460 --> 00:03:20,740 complete heresy this is one thing that orthodox geologists would not accept and 34 00:03:20,740 --> 00:03:23,700 yet there is mounting evidence that some types of rock can be formed very 35 00:03:23,700 --> 00:03:28,420 quickly in catastrophic conditions the effect that this has on our picture of 36 00:03:28,420 --> 00:03:32,700 the age of the earth is that the earth could conceivably be younger than the 37 00:03:32,700 --> 00:03:37,780 four and a half billion years that it's customarily taken to be and if that's 38 00:03:37,780 --> 00:03:41,379 the case then there has been much less time available for life to evolve on the 39 00:03:42,219 --> 00:03:47,460 Darwinian mechanism which requires billions of years to work is looking far 40 00:03:47,460 --> 00:03:53,379 less probable there are many methods of dating that have been suggested over the 41 00:03:53,379 --> 00:03:58,500 past 50 years or so which don't rely on radioactive techniques and which some of 42 00:03:58,500 --> 00:04:01,859 which suggest that the earth could be younger than we customarily think for 43 00:04:01,859 --> 00:04:05,740 example meteoric dust comes into the atmosphere every year at quite a 44 00:04:05,740 --> 00:04:11,300 substantial rate now if the earth really were 4,500 million years old there would 45 00:04:11,300 --> 00:04:15,180 be many billions and billions of tons of meteoric dust on the earth's surface 46 00:04:15,180 --> 00:04:20,020 and the dust by the way is very easy to identify because it has 300 times more 47 00:04:20,020 --> 00:04:24,540 nickel content than terrestrial dust does but this dust isn't present it's 48 00:04:24,540 --> 00:04:28,939 been suggested it's been swept into the oceans and incorporated into ocean 49 00:04:28,939 --> 00:04:33,460 sediments but of course the ocean sediments are available to us in the 50 00:04:33,460 --> 00:04:36,460 form of the sedimentary rocks that are exposed all over the earth's crust and 51 00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:42,539 there's no sign of the meteoric dust there either so where's it gone that's at least ... 52 00:04:42,539 --> 00:04:47,939 which suggests the earth could be younger than presently is thought the chief 53 00:04:47,939 --> 00:04:52,259 radioactive dating method that's used to date the earth is the 54 00:04:52,259 --> 00:04:57,859 uranium lead method uranium radioactive mineral turns into lead over a long long 55 00:04:57,859 --> 00:05:01,379 period of time you measure the amount of uranium in the earth's crust you measure the 56 00:05:01,379 --> 00:05:05,819 amount of lead that tells you that at least conventional scientists say that tells you... 57 00:05:05,819 --> 00:05:10,899 earth is now the figure that you arrive at when you use that technique is 4,500 milli... 58 00:05:10,899 --> 00:05:17,500 however what they haven't mentioned is that uranium also turns into another substance it 59 00:05:17,500 --> 00:05:22,379 turns into a distinctive form of helium radioactive helium in fact practically all... 60 00:05:22,379 --> 00:05:27,620 helium in the earth's atmosphere has come from radioactive decay now if this method ... 61 00:05:27,620 --> 00:05:34,000 if you measured the age of the helium in the atmosphere it would give you the same age... 62 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:37,879 million years in fact it doesn't give you an age anything like that it gives you an age... 63 00:05:37,879 --> 00:05:43,079 couple of hundred thousand years now it seems to me that any technique for dating which ... 64 00:05:43,079 --> 00:05:47,600 gives you an age of four and a half billion years but on the other hand gives you an a... 65 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:54,560 couple of hundred thousand years that technique has to be at least very unreliab... 66 00:05:54,560 --> 00:05:59,959 raises the question of why exactly would they choose the age of 4,500 million years in... 67 00:05:59,959 --> 00:06:04,879 to the age of a couple of hundred thousand years and the honest answer to that is in... 68 00:06:04,879 --> 00:06:09,639 Darwinism work because unless you have billions of years of time for natural... 69 00:06:09,639 --> 00:06:16,719 place in Darwinism is inconceivable as a mechanism for evolution critics who attack... 70 00:06:16,719 --> 00:06:23,399 alleged that I think the earth is only 10,000 years old well I don't think that what I'v... 71 00:06:23,399 --> 00:06:28,159 book is that at present methods of dating are so unreliable that it's impossible to say... 72 00:06:28,160 --> 00:06:34,600 confidence how old the earth is the answer the question how old is the earth is the... 73 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:40,760 answer is that the earth is of immense antiquity four and a half billion years I... 74 00:06:40,760 --> 00:06:46,920 that the earth may prove to be somewhat younger than that there is a small amount ... 75 00:06:46,920 --> 00:06:51,840 a number of different sources I've mentioned a couple of the meteoric dust radioactive... 76 00:06:51,840 --> 00:06:57,000 but there are other indications as well that the earth could be less than four and a ha... 77 00:06:57,040 --> 00:07:02,079 years and it could be substantially less one American scientist has pointed out that it is 78 00:07:02,079 --> 00:07:06,480 quite conceivable that the materials of which the earth is made could be four and a half... 79 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:12,199 years old but that doesn't tell us the date of the formation of the earth and it's qui... 80 00:07:12,199 --> 00:07:17,680 that the earth could have been formed much later than that the real reason for the gr... 81 00:07:17,680 --> 00:07:23,000 of this four and a half billion years figure which keeps being mentioned is that Darwin... 82 00:07:23,000 --> 00:07:29,680 evolution is essentially a theory about time what it says is that in the primeval ocean... 83 00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:34,839 of years ago a single celled organism came into being quite naturally spontaneously t... 84 00:07:34,839 --> 00:07:40,720 organism then evolved by a process of random mutate genetic mutation and natural select... 85 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:45,360 first of all into invertebrates like jellyfish then into fish animals with... 86 00:07:45,360 --> 00:07:50,000 amphibians which came out onto the land live partly on land partly in sea then finally... 87 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:55,120 reptiles and ultimately into mammals of which we're a rep sensitive the highest form of... 88 00:07:55,120 --> 00:08:00,920 you like the four and a half billion years is essential to that theory because these... 89 00:08:00,920 --> 00:08:05,279 are thought of as happening at an agonizingly slow pace maybe nothing will happen for a... 90 00:08:05,279 --> 00:08:10,839 years then a tiny change will occur tiny mutation will happen which will make the... 91 00:08:10,839 --> 00:08:15,040 little further up the beach become more land dwelling and hence be ultimately become a... 92 00:08:15,080 --> 00:08:23,080 these changes are all conceived of as being minute changes to the genetic material and... 93 00:08:23,080 --> 00:08:28,480 is absolutely essential to Darwinism Darwinism is a theory of all about time it... 94 00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:33,720 requires billions and billions and billions of years without that the theory simply... 95 00:08:33,720 --> 00:08:38,920 and so over the past hundred years since Darwin's book was published the age of the... 96 00:08:38,920 --> 00:08:43,879 pushed back further and further and further in time and every scientific discovery has... 97 00:08:43,879 --> 00:08:49,639 to confirm this great age in fact they're all in remarkable agreement about how old it i... 98 00:08:49,639 --> 00:08:57,559 remarkable because the contrary indications the contrary evidence is simply ignored... 99 00:08:57,559 --> 00:09:03,720 theory is I think it's been accepted so well because it's an immensely powerful tool of 100 00:09:03,720 --> 00:09:08,320 explanation and we humans love to have things explained because that's what science is all 101 00:09:08,320 --> 00:09:13,240 about isn't it explaining the world to ourselves Darwin's theory appears to expla... 102 00:09:13,279 --> 00:09:18,519 here how all living things got here how things change how we all arose from a comm... 103 00:09:18,519 --> 00:09:24,159 how the earth itself came into being and it's very satisfying to many people to believe... 104 00:09:24,159 --> 00:09:30,759 they have a natural explanation to all those questions that I think has meant that to a... 105 00:09:30,759 --> 00:09:35,840 extent people have not questioned the theory quite as thoroughly as they should have do... 106 00:09:35,840 --> 00:09:42,480 not bothered to deal with the anomalies that have arisen in the evidence and quite... 107 00:09:42,480 --> 00:09:47,480 anomalous evidence has been discovered scientists have tended to put it to one si... 108 00:09:47,480 --> 00:09:53,840 when our overarching theory is extended in future it will ultimately be able to expla... 109 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:58,200 trouble is that the anomalies have been building up they haven't just been swept... 110 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:02,560 there's no amounting of them and the mountain is threatening to topple over and swamp th... 111 00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:10,120 completely the the key problems with Darwin's theory are that quite simply there isn't a... 112 00:10:10,120 --> 00:10:16,039 solid empirical evidence it's conjecture on conjecture supposition on supposition they're 113 00:10:16,039 --> 00:10:21,000 all very plausible they're very rational suppositions very rational conjectures but... 114 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:25,960 conjectures and I find it ironic that for most of this century Darwinists have acted... 115 00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:31,480 as if they had already delivered conclusive proof to us of their theory well in fact... 116 00:10:31,480 --> 00:10:36,560 thing they've done there is no conclusive evidence of Darwinism the evidence seems... 117 00:10:36,559 --> 00:10:42,959 as you start to investigate it it just melts away the the idea is that the theory is... 118 00:10:42,959 --> 00:10:47,839 place that there are just a few gaps we'll fill those gaps in sooner or later but whe... 119 00:10:47,839 --> 00:10:52,599 to examine the concrete examples that are given that are taught in schools and colle... 120 00:10:52,599 --> 00:10:58,239 people who've been in been educated in a developed country in recent years have bee... 121 00:10:58,239 --> 00:11:03,559 accepted you find that they're not quite what they seem let me give you a couple of... 122 00:11:03,559 --> 00:11:09,000 probably the most famous example is the the peppered moth this is a light-colored moth... 123 00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:15,599 lives in the northern counties of England and between the years 1850 and 1900 when the... 124 00:11:15,599 --> 00:11:20,239 were darkened by atmospheric pollution from factory chimneys the moth changed from a... 125 00:11:20,239 --> 00:11:24,679 grey color to a dark grey color so that it could remain camouflaged on the tree trunk... 126 00:11:24,679 --> 00:11:30,479 birds eat the moth well this was described this process it's even been given a name b... 127 00:11:30,480 --> 00:11:34,879 called industrial melanism and it was described by the director of the Natural... 128 00:11:34,879 --> 00:11:41,920 Sir Gavin de Beer as being an example of evolution and even natural selection takin... 129 00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:48,440 lifetime and obviously if that were true it would be very powerful evidence well when ... 130 00:11:48,440 --> 00:11:53,080 the peppered moth you don't need to be a scientist to be able to see that what's... 131 00:11:53,080 --> 00:11:58,320 originally you had a lot of light-colored moths and a few dark-colored moths that th... 132 00:11:58,400 --> 00:12:02,160 moths have died off because the trees have turned dark and that the dark-colored moth... 133 00:12:02,160 --> 00:12:07,440 flourished at their expense now if Darwinists want to call that natural selection they'r... 134 00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:13,280 to do so but nobody could possibly believe that that is a mechanism that could explai... 135 00:12:13,280 --> 00:12:18,879 species could turn into another species and that is what evolution is all about not ab... 136 00:12:18,879 --> 00:12:24,840 changing color in the first edition of his book on the origin of species Charles Darw... 137 00:12:24,840 --> 00:12:30,759 very interesting observation he said that he could see no difficulty in a race of bears... 138 00:12:30,759 --> 00:12:36,480 to the water becoming completely aquatic in their way of life and ending up looking li... 139 00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:42,360 as he said as monstrous as a whale in other words a bear like a polar bear or a grizzl... 140 00:12:42,360 --> 00:12:48,560 turn into a whale or whale like creature given only enough time given millions of... 141 00:12:48,560 --> 00:12:52,960 selection bears could become whales now the interesting thing is that in later edition... 142 00:12:53,080 --> 00:12:58,240 his book he removed this claim he'd obviously thought about it thought better of it and... 143 00:12:58,240 --> 00:13:03,000 that it couldn't be substantiated with evidence now it's fine for an author to... 144 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:09,040 all authors change their mind but the the significance of this is that the idea that... 145 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:16,200 could turn into a whale is the central core idea of Darwin's theory this is the whole ... 146 00:13:16,360 --> 00:13:23,280 so when he removed that example he was removing the very essence of his book that... 147 00:13:23,280 --> 00:13:29,200 could turn into another species by natural selection given enough time now no Darwin is 148 00:13:29,200 --> 00:13:33,759 today would be rash enough to stand up and say that a bear could turn into a whale bu... 149 00:13:33,759 --> 00:13:39,720 what they believe or anyway that's what they teach in schools and colleges and the the... 150 00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:44,440 is unsupported by evidence today just as it was in Darwin's day when he removed the... 151 00:13:44,440 --> 00:13:49,640 his book an interesting question is how did Darwin approach his own theory how did he... 152 00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:54,800 theory how did he publicize it he was a very very thorough researcher and he considered... 153 00:13:54,800 --> 00:14:01,040 possibilities he considered some ideas which are anathema to modern Darwinist for examp... 154 00:14:01,040 --> 00:14:05,840 gave credence to the idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics he wrote about... 155 00:14:05,840 --> 00:14:12,480 who'd lost his fingers in an accident and and had a son who also had missing fingers so ... 156 00:14:12,519 --> 00:14:19,480 willing to entertain a range of ideas but I can't help thinking that if Darwin were al... 157 00:14:19,480 --> 00:14:25,639 and he saw what had been made of his theory the the modern neo-darwinist theory I thin... 158 00:14:25,639 --> 00:14:31,159 be horrified because the modern theory is quite antithetical to this openness to his... 159 00:14:31,159 --> 00:14:39,000 to consider every aspect of living things it's the modern theory is a theory of blin... 160 00:14:39,519 --> 00:14:45,679 the one interesting aspect of Darwinism is that it isn't restricted to evolutionary... 161 00:14:45,679 --> 00:14:50,399 fact the idea of evolution has been exported into many many other fields you hear... 162 00:14:50,399 --> 00:14:54,919 talking about the evolution of stars and you hear people talking about the evolution of 163 00:14:54,919 --> 00:14:59,679 geological structures I've even heard people talk about the evolution of religions if t... 164 00:14:59,679 --> 00:15:07,000 contradiction in terms I can't help wondering just if Darwinism is not supported by... 165 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:14,240 or experiment in biology what justification is there for applying it to other fields... 166 00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:20,000 approached his ideas originally in the spirit of a true investigator he was very thoroug... 167 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:25,639 entertained many many different ideas not just simply natural selection he considere... 168 00:15:25,639 --> 00:15:30,960 possibilities as well he recognized that nature is complex and that living things a... 169 00:15:31,120 --> 00:15:38,720 was in many respects he was a tentative researcher that contrasts very sharply wit... 170 00:15:38,720 --> 00:15:45,519 today the Darwinists of today who are absolutely certain and absolutely rigid in... 171 00:15:45,519 --> 00:15:50,920 reductionist view life is simple life is just a matter of chemistry and statistics I can... 172 00:15:50,920 --> 00:15:55,200 thinking that Darwin would have been horrified to see the theory that bears his... 173 00:15:55,200 --> 00:16:00,360 Darwinism has got problems at many levels and one of the levels is that it really isn't 174 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:06,400 supported by the man and woman in the street the majority of people feel that there is... 175 00:16:06,400 --> 00:16:10,360 of direction in life I think most people feel for example that they do have a moral... 176 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:15,080 whether or not they're religious they they feel that they have a freedom of will that... 177 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:20,720 able to decide how to act that they're not simply prison prisoners of genetics and... 178 00:16:21,279 --> 00:16:26,279 and that that one person can make a difference for example now all of these ar... 179 00:16:26,279 --> 00:16:31,360 anti-Darwinian ideas one person can't make a difference we are just prisoners of our genes 180 00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:40,120 that the modern Darwinian view paints a picture of life as being mechanical cold... 181 00:16:40,120 --> 00:16:46,040 direction but the man and woman in the street don't see life in that way one scientist one 182 00:16:46,039 --> 00:16:51,559 biologist said to me recently that working biology today is almost like working in... 183 00:16:51,559 --> 00:16:57,159 under Brezhnev that people have one set of beliefs that work but when they go home at... 184 00:16:57,159 --> 00:17:01,799 to their families they don't see them as pointless machines they have a completely... 185 00:17:01,799 --> 00:17:08,039 beliefs some people think that the failure of Darwinism to appeal to and communicate with 186 00:17:08,039 --> 00:17:12,680 ordinary people amounts almost to a failure of science itself or certainly a failure o... 187 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:19,160 sciences and to some extent I think I go along with that science we we the communit... 188 00:17:19,160 --> 00:17:23,400 scientists to do our difficult thinking for us but we also employ them to explain the... 189 00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:30,279 if biologists have failed to explain the world satisfactorily to us in terms of... 190 00:17:30,279 --> 00:17:35,360 place in the universe then that is a failure of science one of the problems with the... 191 00:17:35,360 --> 00:17:40,480 of Darwin's theory is that most people feel intuitively that there is only one... 192 00:17:40,480 --> 00:17:45,799 and that's creationism and to many people that's an unacceptable theory of course to... 193 00:17:45,799 --> 00:17:50,400 beliefs it is an acceptable theory but equally there are many people to whom it i... 194 00:17:50,400 --> 00:17:55,240 explanation people want a naturalistic explanation of how the earth came into bei... 195 00:17:55,240 --> 00:18:01,480 evolved and on the face of it there simply isn't an alternative to Darwinism well tha... 196 00:18:01,480 --> 00:18:06,640 a large extent because the alternatives have been kept very much in the shadows by... 197 00:18:06,640 --> 00:18:12,640 science and perhaps surprisingly there are half a dozen good alternative theories the... 198 00:18:12,640 --> 00:18:19,840 sense in which Darwinism and creationism the alternative theory can coexist in the sens... 199 00:18:19,840 --> 00:18:25,720 Darwinism doesn't actually explain how life originated it simply explains how one kind of 200 00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:31,720 animal can turn into another kind of animal so you could say that Darwinism and... 201 00:18:31,880 --> 00:18:37,480 could go hand in hand and I dare say that for many people with religious beliefs they can 202 00:18:37,480 --> 00:18:44,079 two beliefs can coexist more recently some Darwinists have actually sought to explain... 203 00:18:44,079 --> 00:18:50,360 life itself the process of the living appearing from the non-living by Darwinist... 204 00:18:50,360 --> 00:18:56,120 natural selection Darwinism strictly speaking doesn't offer an explanation of how life... 205 00:18:56,119 --> 00:19:02,199 that's a mystery it's left unspoken Darwin himself in a private letter to a friend... 206 00:19:02,199 --> 00:19:06,839 maybe there was a warm puddle somewhere on the earth surface and that life a few... 207 00:19:06,839 --> 00:19:14,759 together and that spontaneously the first microorganism came into being that's been ... 208 00:19:14,759 --> 00:19:19,959 the last hundred years but interestingly no scientist has yet been able to actually... 209 00:19:19,960 --> 00:19:26,600 anything from scratch any kind of living being or any part of any living molecule... 210 00:19:26,600 --> 00:19:32,559 synthesized despite a great deal of optimism on the part of microbiologists so I think... 211 00:19:32,559 --> 00:19:38,360 Darwinism it Darwinists are conscious of the fact that there is a rather gaping gap in... 212 00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:45,160 right at the beginning one valid question would be is there any evidence for a bibli... 213 00:19:45,279 --> 00:19:49,720 in the literal sense there is because we know that in 1922 the British archaeologist 214 00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:56,320 Solena Wolley was excavating the city of Ur in present-day Iran and he found evidence ... 215 00:19:56,320 --> 00:20:02,400 flood it was an immensely thick deposit it was a hundred miles long 400 miles wide an... 216 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:08,880 human artifacts both underneath this sediment and on top of it so this was clear evidenc... 217 00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:18,440 biblical flood however creationists believe that the there literally was a flood which... 218 00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:24,840 entire world and they point to the sedimentary rocks which do cover practical... 219 00:20:24,840 --> 00:20:32,200 of the earth to an immense depth as being the remains of that greater flood it has to be... 220 00:20:32,200 --> 00:20:39,279 that that is one interpretation of the physical evidence just as Darwinism is... 221 00:20:39,279 --> 00:20:43,720 of that same physical evidence and really there isn't any conclusive evidence one wa... 222 00:20:43,720 --> 00:20:51,000 how did I come to write the facts of life well at first my interest was purely in... 223 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:56,519 to collect rock and fossil specimens that made me begin to question the evidence the... 224 00:20:56,519 --> 00:21:01,920 I was seeing in the museum and I wanted to find out for myself exactly what evidence... 225 00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:06,560 support Darwinism were the things that I've been told at school and in college were th... 226 00:21:06,560 --> 00:21:10,840 true my own daughter Julia was just starting school she was going to be taught the same 227 00:21:10,840 --> 00:21:17,000 information was it right or was it wrong well I spent ten years in total looking at that... 228 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:24,920 again and I wasn't able to find any one thing that I could say for sure was true about... 229 00:21:24,920 --> 00:21:29,880 the facts of life was published I then realized what a can of worms I'd opened up... 230 00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:34,720 immediately accused of being a kind of secret creationist to have somebody who had a hidden 231 00:21:34,720 --> 00:21:40,760 agenda it seemed that scientists found it impossible to believe that any rational... 232 00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:45,520 seriously question the theory that they believed in and had believed in all their... 233 00:21:45,520 --> 00:21:53,080 encountered the most intemperate well I was called stupid loony that I was I was told... 234 00:21:53,079 --> 00:21:59,399 writing drivel it was suggested I needed psychiatric help science prominent scientists 235 00:21:59,399 --> 00:22:07,000 were wheeled out to barrage me with personal abuse as a way of just doing away with thi... 236 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:13,399 troublesome journalist in a way I almost sympathize with some of my critics because... 237 00:22:13,399 --> 00:22:18,159 literally impossible to believe that somebody could seriously question Darwinism they fo... 238 00:22:18,160 --> 00:22:24,440 literally impossible they were locked in so far to that view that they just couldn't... 239 00:22:24,440 --> 00:22:29,880 the evidence that was in front of them in any other way other than as being Darwinist an... 240 00:22:29,880 --> 00:22:35,440 them any attempt to criticize Darwinism had to be the work of either a madman or a... 241 00:22:35,440 --> 00:22:40,920 there was just no other way I think they were unable to conceive that there is an... 242 00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:46,240 theory because Darwinism has somehow worked itself into the fabric of our whole... 243 00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:50,440 and educational system it's almost the backbone really of our scientific thinking... 244 00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:56,319 sciences there just is no alternative theory it underpins everything I think also there... 245 00:22:56,319 --> 00:23:01,759 sense in which they're afraid to open themselves to new possibilities just in ca... 246 00:23:01,759 --> 00:23:06,559 one chink in the armor that is going to bring about the unraveling of the whole fabric o... 247 00:23:06,559 --> 00:23:12,640 some people have said to me how can you criticize a theory if you can't if you don... 248 00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:17,240 to replace it with well I don't accept that if the Emperor hasn't got any clothes on t... 249 00:23:17,240 --> 00:23:21,759 Emperor hasn't got any clothes on it's not my fault a lot of people are rather prone to... 250 00:23:21,759 --> 00:23:25,840 messenger because they don't like the message it seems to me that if Darwinism is wrong... 251 00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:31,840 somebody has got to point the finger I suppose if you ask me to evaluate Darwinis... 252 00:23:31,840 --> 00:23:36,640 there is a certain amount of weak circumstantial evidence in favor of natura... 253 00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:42,640 some influence on the ocean but if you ask me to say can this account for the origin of... 254 00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:46,840 that's the question that Darwin was trying to answer I'd have to say no it can't account... 255 00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:52,200 the origin of species natural selection is significant in evolutionary terms in one... 256 00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:57,360 and that is that it can account for variation within a species for example how you can have 257 00:23:57,360 --> 00:24:03,280 a light moth and a dark moth and how one can change it to the other you could also poin... 258 00:24:03,680 --> 00:24:09,279 Darwin's finches in the Galapagos Islands where they say that there are 14 different... 259 00:24:09,279 --> 00:24:15,279 that each adapted to a different island actually they're all members of the same... 260 00:24:15,279 --> 00:24:19,480 any evidence that the rocks of the Earth's crust have formed rapidly and all at once... 261 00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:24,039 slowly over billions of years well yes there is a certain amount of evidence and... 262 00:24:24,039 --> 00:24:28,639 a piece of it standing right outside the Natural History Museum in London there you... 263 00:24:28,640 --> 00:24:34,880 a fossil tree it's maybe 30 feet tall what does this tell us well if a tree is going ... 264 00:24:34,880 --> 00:24:40,240 and fossilized in something that's going to become rock it obviously has to be buried ... 265 00:24:40,240 --> 00:24:45,640 otherwise the tree will simply rot away anybody can see that this tree in order to... 266 00:24:45,640 --> 00:24:51,480 fossilized had to be buried in 30 50 100 feet of sediment very rapidly and yet the... 267 00:24:51,480 --> 00:24:55,520 who work in the Natural History Museum continue to believe that the rocks of the... 268 00:24:55,559 --> 00:25:01,680 had to be formed very very slowly over billions of years just tiny amounts of... 269 00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:07,759 deposited each year there's plenty of other evidence of rocks being formed relatively... 270 00:25:07,759 --> 00:25:13,160 through apparently some kind of catastrophe for example on every continent there are b... 271 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:18,319 the bones of millions of animals and you can contrast this with cases that we know of... 272 00:25:18,319 --> 00:25:23,359 millions of animals have been killed but haven't turned into fossils for instance o... 273 00:25:23,399 --> 00:25:27,919 Plains of America there were 60 million buffalo when white settlers arrived they w... 274 00:25:27,919 --> 00:25:32,919 in a very short space of time but there are no buffalo beds forming on the Great Plain... 275 00:25:32,919 --> 00:25:38,559 animals after they were killed they were simply eaten by scavengers when you look a... 276 00:25:38,559 --> 00:25:42,879 like London's Natural History Museum it looks almost like a cathedral or a church and in a 277 00:25:42,879 --> 00:25:48,240 way I suppose it is a kind of cathedral or church or at least it's a temple to Darwin... 278 00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:53,200 have all the exhibits the exhibits that are meant to show that Darwinism is true I've... 279 00:25:53,200 --> 00:25:58,279 that museum and many other museums but I haven't been able to find the evidence tha... 280 00:25:58,279 --> 00:26:03,359 proves that Darwinism is true but many many people go to worship at that shrine and many 281 00:26:03,359 --> 00:26:08,920 people do believe in Darwinism I suppose you could call it a kind of religion people come 282 00:26:08,920 --> 00:26:13,960 to museums like the Natural History Museum to have their questions answered is man relat... 283 00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:19,120 apes do man and the ape share a common ancestor and when you look at the exhibits... 284 00:26:19,120 --> 00:26:24,279 you'd think that the question had been answered decisively yes we are related to ... 285 00:26:24,279 --> 00:26:29,640 the museum doesn't tell you is that the exhibit is an interpretation of the fossil... 286 00:26:29,640 --> 00:26:35,519 of view it's a Darwinian interpretation and you won't find any other interpretation... 287 00:26:35,519 --> 00:26:41,279 Natural History Museum or any other museum let me give you one example the famous Luc... 288 00:26:41,279 --> 00:26:47,519 was recently found in Africa the few bones that were discovered have been restored or... 289 00:26:47,519 --> 00:26:53,839 as a missing link creature half human half ape but it's important to bear in mind tha... 290 00:26:53,839 --> 00:26:59,839 can be and have been put together in different ways to show different creatures... 291 00:26:59,839 --> 00:27:05,319 extinct ape who's not related to humans at all the the creature that's represented by... 292 00:27:05,319 --> 00:27:10,439 Australopithecus is in fact the only so-called missing link that stands any cha... 293 00:27:10,439 --> 00:27:16,759 recognized as a human ancestor but as long ago as the 1950s the eminent zoologist Aso... 294 00:27:16,759 --> 00:27:23,319 did a statistical analysis which concluded that Australopithecus was an ape like... 295 00:27:23,319 --> 00:27:29,079 a human like creature yet Darwinists continue to believe that Australopithecines like Lu... 296 00:27:29,079 --> 00:27:33,679 ancestors Darwinists have promised us a missing link and so they've got to deliver... 297 00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:40,120 to come up with one any missing link will do it seems every so often a skeleton is foun... 298 00:27:40,120 --> 00:27:45,360 its discoverers describe it as being the missing link the headlines come and go and... 299 00:27:45,360 --> 00:27:53,000 that skeleton those bones are reclassified either as human or as ape and so far the... 300 00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:59,480 is still missing the forbidden science sounds like a contradiction in terms but what I m... 301 00:27:59,480 --> 00:28:04,120 this we're all familiar with the fact that Galileo was tried by the Inquisition and... 302 00:28:04,120 --> 00:28:08,400 recant his belief that the earth went around the Sun now that's not what I mean by a... 303 00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:14,920 science that's really human nature because we all of us tend to reject the new but the... 304 00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:20,599 the Inquisition that tried Galileo refused to look through his telescope they refused to... 305 00:28:20,599 --> 00:28:24,980 the evidence that would have told them he was quite right and that's what I mean by... 306 00:28:24,980 --> 00:28:31,140 science is the refusal by some scientists to look at the facts in front of them and... 307 00:28:31,140 --> 00:28:37,700 let me give you a really great example of scientific rejection it's meteorites in th... 308 00:28:37,700 --> 00:28:44,299 science decreed that meteorites didn't exist they were completely unreasonable Anton... 309 00:28:44,299 --> 00:28:48,779 regarded as the father of modern chemistry said stones cannot fall from the sky becau... 310 00:28:48,779 --> 00:28:54,940 no stones in the sky and museums all over Europe were compelled to throw away their... 311 00:28:54,940 --> 00:29:01,299 superstitious relics of the past as a result you won't find any meteorite in any museum... 312 00:29:01,299 --> 00:29:06,980 in the world that's older than about 1800 except one huge one that fell in Germany t... 313 00:29:06,980 --> 00:29:12,940 too big to get rid of one of the fundamental premises of Darwin's theory is that a species 314 00:29:12,940 --> 00:29:18,740 can if it evolves long enough turn into another species now this central idea is... 315 00:29:18,779 --> 00:29:24,140 by every single plant and animal breeding experiment of the last 500 years every animal 316 00:29:24,140 --> 00:29:29,740 and plant breeder knows that there is a limit to the extent to which an animal or a plan... 317 00:29:29,740 --> 00:29:35,700 changed ultimately the line becomes sterile or it simply reverts to the original type... 318 00:29:35,700 --> 00:29:40,819 you've selected this has even been given the name Ernst Mayer professor of zoology at... 319 00:29:40,819 --> 00:29:46,160 called it genetic homeostasis and that simply means that there is a barrier beyond which... 320 00:29:46,200 --> 00:29:52,160 cannot pass I find it extraordinary that the world's biologists continue to believe in the 321 00:29:52,160 --> 00:29:58,240 infinite plasticity of individuals when they know perfectly well that experiments show... 322 00:29:58,240 --> 00:30:05,240 simply can't happen a good question would be what would it take for me to change my min... 323 00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:11,720 a Darwinist well the answer is relatively easy the whole earth surface is covered wi... 324 00:30:11,720 --> 00:30:15,800 rocks and in those rocks there are fossils it ought to be possible to go to those rocks ... 325 00:30:15,839 --> 00:30:20,319 find a sequence of fossils one species turning into another species turning into... 326 00:30:20,319 --> 00:30:24,480 fact it ought to be possible for the kids at the local kindergarten to do this on an... 327 00:30:24,480 --> 00:30:30,480 nature study at the local quarry but the world's greatest paleontologists with the... 328 00:30:30,480 --> 00:30:34,839 the world's greatest universities at their disposal have failed to do this and they'v... 329 00:30:34,839 --> 00:30:41,000 for more than a hundred years one of the things that I found in looking around the... 330 00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:46,640 Britain one mystery that I discovered was why was it that you could find fossil sea urch... 331 00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:52,359 the chalk which were regular fossils they'd been petrified turned to stone but you cou... 332 00:30:52,359 --> 00:30:58,079 the same sea urchin which was filled with flint flint is supposed to be a hard mater... 333 00:30:58,079 --> 00:31:04,799 it get inside well the idea is that at some stage it must have been soft and jelly lik... 334 00:31:04,799 --> 00:31:09,839 you square that with taking millions of years for those rocks and those fossils to form... 335 00:31:09,879 --> 00:31:16,079 suggest that somehow the flint fossil was formed relatively rapidly it was questions... 336 00:31:16,079 --> 00:31:20,879 made me examine a lot more closely the evidence I've been offered for Darwinism a... 337 00:31:20,879 --> 00:31:26,359 what I found was that there are too many unanswered questions of this sort too many... 338 00:31:26,359 --> 00:31:31,959 anomalies that have been just pushed to one side in the hope that sometime they'll be... 339 00:31:31,959 --> 00:31:37,319 spent 20 years now looking at the geology and the paleontology of Britain I've collected... 340 00:31:37,319 --> 00:31:40,480 of fossils I haven't found the answers that I'm looking for 341 00:32:07,319 --> 00:32:07,819 you