1 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:40,880 With the tremendous distances involved, travel to the stars would seem impossible. 2 00:00:40,880 --> 00:00:45,960 But with man's endeavor and resourcefulness, these problems will be overcome as they... 3 00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:48,519 have been in the past. 4 00:00:48,519 --> 00:00:51,519 Scientific estimates tell us that there will be a breakthrough in space travel in the 5 00:00:51,519 --> 00:00:53,100 near future. 6 00:00:53,100 --> 00:00:58,840 When the boundaries of distance break down, the Earth will become our home, the universe, 7 00:00:58,840 --> 00:00:59,840 our world. 8 00:00:59,840 --> 00:01:10,560 From a point of physics, there are possible models today which may enable shortcuts in 9 00:01:10,560 --> 00:01:13,400 the space-time continuum. 10 00:01:13,400 --> 00:01:16,960 One of these shortcuts may be black holes. 11 00:01:16,960 --> 00:01:23,760 Black holes are the remainder of very large stars, stars which have collapsed to a... 12 00:01:24,760 --> 00:01:33,760 And when stars do collapse to a singularity, they leave a gravitational tunnel behind, 13 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:36,840 a rotating tunnel. 14 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:45,280 And in this tunnel, space and time has a completely different meaning than to the... 15 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:48,360 that we make of space and time. 16 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:56,719 Thus, in a tunnel, the so-called Einstein-Rosen bridge, time runs backwards. 17 00:01:56,719 --> 00:02:02,079 So a spacecraft which would dive into such a tunnel would move forwards in space and 18 00:02:02,079 --> 00:02:03,359 backwards in time. 19 00:02:03,359 --> 00:02:08,240 When we talk about hyperspaces and opening up the number of dimensions, and if we were 20 00:02:08,240 --> 00:02:14,960 to build a vehicle, if our science has progressed to this point, our technology, ... 21 00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:21,280 science, if we develop a vehicle that is capable of doing that, traveling across the 22 00:02:21,280 --> 00:02:24,240 universe is not traveling through one space. 23 00:02:24,240 --> 00:02:28,240 It's flipping into these other spaces where the other one is only a short space away, 24 00:02:28,240 --> 00:02:30,480 you know, a few inches away. 25 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:35,600 And so you're talking about flipping rather than going like an arrow through a space-time 26 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:37,319 or a bullet. 27 00:02:37,319 --> 00:02:39,800 You simply flip and flip back and there you are. 28 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:44,920 And so with the control of flipping, you could flip from here and then you could flip 29 00:02:44,920 --> 00:02:50,320 up into the third or fourth dimension higher than this three, and you could flip back into 30 00:02:50,320 --> 00:02:56,200 this dimension, this space-time, only you could flip several galaxies away. 31 00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:57,800 You could jump between galaxies. 32 00:02:57,800 --> 00:03:00,840 A third possibility may be dematerialization. 33 00:03:00,840 --> 00:03:07,480 Science fiction authors have always mentioned this possibility, and although this may be 34 00:03:07,719 --> 00:03:14,719 utopia to us today, sometime in the future, it may be possible to dematerialize a... 35 00:03:14,719 --> 00:03:22,199 into pure energy and then beam the spacecraft, the speed of light, to another... 36 00:03:22,199 --> 00:03:30,359 where it would materialize again, reassemble again, thus bridging these vast distances. 37 00:03:30,359 --> 00:03:36,959 If we have a hyperspatial model, then simply by turning in another direction, a right... 38 00:03:37,000 --> 00:03:38,000 we would lose one dimension. 39 00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:42,040 When we turn three right angles, we lose all three dimensions. 40 00:03:42,040 --> 00:03:44,240 And that would be called full dematerialization. 41 00:03:44,240 --> 00:03:50,600 As far as we're concerned, when you turn one dimension, you would have lost one dimension 42 00:03:50,600 --> 00:03:53,080 your length, and so you would appear to be a flat plane. 43 00:03:53,080 --> 00:03:56,760 You would appear to be a light form. 44 00:03:56,760 --> 00:04:05,680 By the way, some 83% or so of the UFO phenomena are just lights at night anyway. 45 00:04:05,680 --> 00:04:07,120 Most researchers throw those away. 46 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:09,480 Those are the interesting cases. 47 00:04:09,480 --> 00:04:14,560 And particularly interesting are the cases where the light forms materialize into... 48 00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:18,879 forms and then dematerialize back into light forms and then fade away. 49 00:04:18,879 --> 00:04:24,399 And what I maintain is that you're looking at that phenomenon when you're seeing that. 50 00:04:24,399 --> 00:04:29,899 Now that can be described mathematically, but that phenomenon of the hyperspatial aspects 51 00:04:29,899 --> 00:04:31,680 of it does exist and you can show it. 52 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:37,639 And I printed a photograph that showed the stars right through a dematerializing... 53 00:04:37,639 --> 00:04:39,240 spaceship. 54 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:43,800 And so you do meet that format and that is part of the phenomenon. 55 00:04:43,800 --> 00:04:48,639 If NASA has its way, many of the next generation will be residents of Mars. 56 00:04:48,639 --> 00:04:54,240 And the move towards this has already begun with the development of a space station. 57 00:04:54,240 --> 00:05:00,579 This was the essential first step towards making man a citizen of the universe. 58 00:05:00,579 --> 00:05:05,099 That is really the long-range purpose of the space station. 59 00:05:05,099 --> 00:05:08,419 And we have worked on that question for a long time in NASA. 60 00:05:08,419 --> 00:05:15,959 We have started in the early 60s under the guidance of Dr. Werner von Braun and others 61 00:05:15,959 --> 00:05:24,099 to look at long-range goals beyond the moon, beyond Mars even. 62 00:05:24,939 --> 00:05:32,939 Only recently, in fact it was July 20, 1989, the 20th anniversary of the landing of Apollo 63 00:05:32,939 --> 00:05:44,960 11 on the moon, that President George Bush proposed a new program, a long-range program 64 00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:50,900 with a goal to return to the moon and eventually go on to Mars, to the United... 65 00:05:50,900 --> 00:05:52,700 long-range commitment. 66 00:05:52,699 --> 00:05:56,779 And as we develop the space station, the space station itself will be used as a test 67 00:05:56,779 --> 00:06:01,300 bed, as a laboratory to test new technologies. 68 00:06:01,300 --> 00:06:04,819 And you need space to develop those technologies. 69 00:06:04,819 --> 00:06:08,379 As long as we are still on Earth, we can just talk about it. 70 00:06:08,379 --> 00:06:15,219 The question of which technology to use for this new, what we call the Space Exploration 71 00:06:15,219 --> 00:06:21,339 Initiative, that's the name, SEI, Space Exploration Initiative, what technology to... 72 00:06:21,419 --> 00:06:28,500 area of propulsion or life support or materials and structures and power and... 73 00:06:28,500 --> 00:06:33,519 is being analyzed and investigated by NASA right now. 74 00:06:33,519 --> 00:06:37,019 And we're doing it in a number of categories. 75 00:06:37,019 --> 00:06:44,500 We're looking at present-day technologies, tomorrow technologies and advanced... 76 00:06:44,500 --> 00:06:48,039 which are day after tomorrow. 77 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:53,319 What was yesterday's science fiction is today's very palpable truth. 78 00:06:53,319 --> 00:06:58,560 Grandfather's spine-chilling fantasies have become an indispensable part of modern life. 79 00:06:58,560 --> 00:07:04,200 Jesko von Puttkammer was NASA's advisor to the creator of Star Trek, Gene Roddenberry. 80 00:07:04,200 --> 00:07:12,680 You know, the reason I worked with Gene Roddenberry was because he wanted us to he... 81 00:07:12,680 --> 00:07:17,360 a future 200 years from now as we would like it to be. 82 00:07:17,360 --> 00:07:23,079 Very positive technology having become our friend instead of our enemy, technology as 83 00:07:23,079 --> 00:07:25,519 a partner of humans. 84 00:07:25,519 --> 00:07:35,519 And of course the story itself of this machine, Voyager or Vager, looking for its... 85 00:07:35,519 --> 00:07:42,079 creator, which is really a metaphor of humans looking for their god. 86 00:07:42,079 --> 00:07:44,639 And it's the god seeker story. 87 00:07:44,639 --> 00:07:53,439 And so he wanted NASA to show that the technology which the movie and his TV seri... 88 00:07:53,439 --> 00:07:58,399 is accurate, that the physics is accurate, that the mathematics is accurate, that the 89 00:07:58,399 --> 00:08:01,000 astronomy is accurate. 90 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:06,120 The propulsion system of the Star Trek consists of two major elements. 91 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:11,659 One is the energy source, just to provide energy, which is the anti-meta system. 92 00:08:11,660 --> 00:08:12,660 That makes sense. 93 00:08:12,660 --> 00:08:13,820 That could be done. 94 00:08:13,820 --> 00:08:18,700 But the propulsion itself, to push the ship, it's called a warp drive. 95 00:08:18,700 --> 00:08:24,580 And that has to do with changing space itself and flying faster than the speed of light. 96 00:08:24,580 --> 00:08:29,780 We know what anti-meta is and that when you have anti-meta and real matter and it comes 97 00:08:29,780 --> 00:08:36,460 together, you get a tremendous explosion, you get tremendous energy. 98 00:08:36,460 --> 00:08:40,040 E equal mc squared, as Einstein said. 99 00:08:40,039 --> 00:08:43,719 And so this is the most powerful reaction you get in the universe, therefore the Starship 100 00:08:43,719 --> 00:08:45,480 Enterprise uses it. 101 00:08:45,480 --> 00:08:51,839 So there are a number of models which are feasible for interstellar or even... 102 00:08:51,839 --> 00:08:53,559 travel. 103 00:08:53,559 --> 00:08:58,759 Nevertheless, we must be clear about one point. 104 00:08:58,759 --> 00:09:02,620 There may be so many possibilities we can't even think of. 105 00:09:02,620 --> 00:09:07,039 So at the moment we have theoretical models, but a highly advanced civilization, another 106 00:09:07,039 --> 00:09:14,240 solar system, much older than we are, may have discovered fantastic ways of traveling 107 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:15,240 among the stars. 108 00:09:15,240 --> 00:09:23,659 And for them it may be like traveling from London to New York, traveling from Epsilon 109 00:09:23,659 --> 00:09:25,120 Aridani to the solar system.