1 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:38,799 One of the greatest mysteries of mankind is where did we come from? 2 00:01:38,799 --> 00:01:44,439 Scientists and philosophers alike have pondered this elusive question and put for... 3 00:01:44,439 --> 00:01:48,000 But in truth, no one really knows. 4 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:49,000 Good evening. 5 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:50,539 I'm Charlton Heston. 6 00:01:50,539 --> 00:01:55,760 In their search for answers, scientists gather evidence and develop theories based... 7 00:01:55,760 --> 00:01:56,760 they observe. 8 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:02,400 But sometimes evidence turns up that completely contradicts this. 9 00:02:02,400 --> 00:02:09,240 Footprints resembling modern man's were discovered in Texas side by side with... 10 00:02:09,240 --> 00:02:15,800 Does this mean that man lived millions of years ago at the time of the dinosaur? 11 00:02:15,800 --> 00:02:23,000 These 70 ton blocks were somehow transported to the Peruvian mountain temple of... 12 00:02:23,039 --> 00:02:30,639 The only source of this red granite is five miles away on the peak of another mountain. 13 00:02:30,639 --> 00:02:35,680 Ancient maps have been discovered which correctly depict the continent of Antarcti... 14 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:38,879 before it was discovered by Europeans. 15 00:02:38,879 --> 00:02:44,080 Some claim this is evidence of a technologically advanced culture that exis... 16 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:48,080 history began. 17 00:02:48,160 --> 00:02:53,640 Tonight we'll examine these and other controversial findings to see if what we'r... 18 00:02:53,640 --> 00:02:57,360 about the origins of man is supported by the evidence. 19 00:02:57,360 --> 00:03:02,380 We'll meet a new breed of scientific investigators who claim that the history o... 20 00:03:02,380 --> 00:03:08,920 planet may be radically different than what is accepted today. 21 00:03:08,920 --> 00:03:14,480 Before the 19th century, Western man looked at the Bible for an explanation of his... 22 00:03:14,879 --> 00:03:21,159 In the story of Genesis, God created man from the dust of the earth 6,000 years ago. 23 00:03:21,159 --> 00:03:25,159 But when man dug into the earth for answers, he found evidence that appeared to tell a 24 00:03:25,159 --> 00:03:27,599 different story. 25 00:03:27,599 --> 00:03:29,839 Evolution. 26 00:03:29,839 --> 00:03:35,359 In 1859, Charles Darwin published his book, The Origin of Species. 27 00:03:35,359 --> 00:03:39,839 This book put forth the revolutionary idea that all life on earth could be explained 28 00:03:39,839 --> 00:03:42,280 by the workings of nature. 29 00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:47,199 Instead of a supreme being creating the diversity of life, the theory of evolution... 30 00:03:47,199 --> 00:03:50,920 that accidental changes in nature are the cause. 31 00:03:50,920 --> 00:03:59,400 These changes are governed by the process of natural selection, survival of the fittest. 32 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:04,840 Over the past two centuries, archaeologists have collected bones and artifacts that... 33 00:04:04,840 --> 00:04:11,159 there's a logical sequence of evolutionary steps from ape to man. 34 00:04:11,159 --> 00:04:17,959 Man's earliest relatives were ape-like beings who appeared around 25 million years ago. 35 00:04:17,959 --> 00:04:22,939 The first of those to walk upright emerged 20 million years later. 36 00:04:22,939 --> 00:04:28,360 Over the remaining 5 million years, he continued to evolve, passing through vario... 37 00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:36,519 of development until modern man, like ourselves, emerged over 100,000 years ago. 38 00:04:36,519 --> 00:04:41,439 Archaeologists determine the age of artifacts by the level of strata, or layer of earth, 39 00:04:41,439 --> 00:04:42,919 they're found in. 40 00:04:42,919 --> 00:04:47,639 Recent artifacts associated with modern man are generally found close to the surface, 41 00:04:47,639 --> 00:04:53,279 while older, more primitive artifacts are in deeper layers of the ground. 42 00:04:53,279 --> 00:04:57,919 But sometimes artifacts are found that break all the rules. 43 00:04:57,919 --> 00:05:00,680 Archaeologists call them anomalous artifacts. 44 00:05:00,680 --> 00:05:06,479 What happens when we find a modern human skull in rock strata far beneath even the... 45 00:05:06,480 --> 00:05:10,840 of man's ancestors? 46 00:05:10,840 --> 00:05:16,240 In their controversial book, Forbidden Archaeology, Michael Cremo and Dr. Richard... 47 00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:22,640 documented hundreds of these anomalous artifacts, which have yet to be explained. 48 00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:28,879 The basic body of evidence that we've uncovered in this book suggests that human... 49 00:05:29,879 --> 00:05:36,759 type have been existing for many, many millions of years into the past. 50 00:05:36,759 --> 00:05:44,959 In 1880, California state geologist J.D. Whitney was intrigued by an unexpected... 51 00:05:44,959 --> 00:05:50,319 made 300 feet under Table Mountain. 52 00:05:50,319 --> 00:05:54,920 While digging for gold, miners unearthed a variety of stone tools such as mortar and 53 00:05:54,920 --> 00:05:56,879 pestles and ladles. 54 00:05:57,480 --> 00:06:02,079 Incredibly, the rock strata the tools were reportedly found in was dated as early as 55 00:06:02,079 --> 00:06:05,279 55 million years old. 56 00:06:05,279 --> 00:06:10,560 Whitney made a thorough report in these finds and came to an unsettling conclusion. 57 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:17,920 Man could be millions of years older than the current evolutionary model suggests. 58 00:06:17,920 --> 00:06:23,079 This bizarre evidence seems to have been well documented, yet the general public and many 59 00:06:23,279 --> 00:06:28,240 within the scientific community are unaware of these controversial finds. 60 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:33,439 The question is, why haven't we heard of these discoveries before? 61 00:06:33,439 --> 00:06:36,439 Oh I think we're talking about a massive cover-up. 62 00:06:36,439 --> 00:06:43,039 As I said, over the past 150 years, these archaeologists and anthropologists have... 63 00:06:43,039 --> 00:06:48,000 up as much evidence as they've dug up, literally. 64 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:52,000 Basically what you find is something we call a knowledge filter. 65 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:56,199 This is a fundamental feature of science. 66 00:06:56,199 --> 00:06:58,959 It's also a fundamental feature of human nature. 67 00:06:58,959 --> 00:07:03,319 People tend to filter out things that don't fit, that don't make sense in terms of their 68 00:07:03,319 --> 00:07:05,959 paradigm or their way of thinking. 69 00:07:05,959 --> 00:07:11,040 So in science you find that evidence that doesn't fit the accepted paradigm tends to 70 00:07:11,040 --> 00:07:13,120 be eliminated. 71 00:07:13,120 --> 00:07:20,959 It's not taught, it's not discussed, and people who are educated in scientific... 72 00:07:20,959 --> 00:07:25,120 don't even learn about it. 73 00:07:25,120 --> 00:07:30,120 Conventional theory states that modern man originated in southern Africa around 100,000 74 00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:31,120 years ago. 75 00:07:31,120 --> 00:07:36,240 From there he migrated north into Europe and southern Asia, continued through Asia and 76 00:07:36,240 --> 00:07:41,000 crossed the Bering Strait into the New World around 30,000 years ago. 77 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:46,679 He then came down through North America and finally arrived in South America around... 78 00:07:46,679 --> 00:07:48,359 years ago. 79 00:07:48,759 --> 00:07:53,160 Numerous artifacts have been found across North and South America that are so old they 80 00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:58,120 threaten to completely overturn this theory. 81 00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:02,720 According to geologist Virginia Steen-McIntyre, she was silenced at the... 82 00:08:02,720 --> 00:08:07,360 because of her determination to report the facts. 83 00:08:07,360 --> 00:08:12,840 In the summer of 1966, a collection of stone tools, including this leaf-shaped spear... 84 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:16,000 was uncovered at Hoyatloco, Mexico. 85 00:08:16,639 --> 00:08:21,680 To find out exactly how old the spear points were, a team of experts from the United... 86 00:08:21,680 --> 00:08:25,279 Geological Survey was called in to date them. 87 00:08:25,279 --> 00:08:28,800 When we first began to work on the Hoyatloco site, we thought we had an old site. 88 00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:33,960 This was back in 1966, and we thought it was perhaps 20,000 years old, and at that time 89 00:08:33,960 --> 00:08:37,940 that was considered a very old age for the site. 90 00:08:37,940 --> 00:08:42,860 We did what they call radiometric dates, which gives an actual date range, and we u... 91 00:08:42,860 --> 00:08:44,559 different methods to do that. 92 00:08:45,119 --> 00:08:50,519 One was using uranium atoms, another one was using little zircon crystals. 93 00:08:50,519 --> 00:08:53,599 When we finally got the dates and all the different methods we used to date it, it 94 00:08:53,599 --> 00:08:56,759 came out to be 250,000 years old. 95 00:08:56,759 --> 00:09:00,199 To tell you the truth, I would have been happy with a 20,000 year old date. 96 00:09:00,199 --> 00:09:01,619 It would have made my career. 97 00:09:01,619 --> 00:09:06,279 It was very old for the time, but it wasn't so old that it was that controversial. 98 00:09:06,279 --> 00:09:08,039 People can take 20,000 year steps. 99 00:09:08,039 --> 00:09:11,759 They can't take steps that are over 200,000 years at one time. 100 00:09:11,759 --> 00:09:15,439 When I was rather naive, I thought, okay, we've got something big here, but I'm just 101 00:09:15,439 --> 00:09:17,000 going to stick with the date. 102 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:21,000 We've got the information, we've got the facts, let's get the facts out and go on f... 103 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:23,759 And I didn't realize it was going to ruin my whole career. 104 00:09:25,759 --> 00:09:30,759 According to Dr. McIntyre, because she stuck to the facts, all of her professional... 105 00:09:30,759 --> 00:09:32,279 were closed off. 106 00:09:32,279 --> 00:09:34,399 She's not worked in her chosen field since. 107 00:09:34,399 --> 00:09:41,679 The site was closed, and permission for further investigation was denied forever. 108 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:45,579 It's not necessarily a deliberate conspiracy in the sense of some people getting together 109 00:09:45,579 --> 00:09:50,699 in a smoke-filled room and saying, we're going to deceive people. 110 00:09:50,699 --> 00:09:55,599 It's something that happens automatically within the scientific community. 111 00:09:55,599 --> 00:10:01,279 So when a given piece of evidence disagrees with the predominant theory, then... 112 00:10:01,279 --> 00:10:05,539 people won't talk about it, they won't report it, and that means that science fails to 113 00:10:05,539 --> 00:10:07,159 progress in the way that one would hope. 114 00:10:12,159 --> 00:10:19,159 Dinosaurs left their tracks on this riverbank 100 million years ago. 115 00:10:19,159 --> 00:10:21,679 Did humans walk here at the same time? 116 00:10:21,679 --> 00:10:28,879 Next, a man who claims these prints are proof that humans lived with the dinosaurs. 117 00:10:28,879 --> 00:10:34,000 Ever since dinosaurs were first discovered in the 18th century, they've fascinated people 118 00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:35,500 of all ages. 119 00:10:35,500 --> 00:10:39,000 The Tyrannosaurus Rex stood over 30 feet in height. 120 00:10:39,320 --> 00:10:43,320 It's considered the most ferocious predator ever to walk the earth. 121 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:46,320 A brontosaurus grew to the length of three city buses. 122 00:10:46,320 --> 00:10:48,919 It weighed more than 90 tons. 123 00:10:48,919 --> 00:10:53,559 The reign of the dinosaur ended, according to one theory, when a giant meteor crashed 124 00:10:53,559 --> 00:10:56,960 into the earth with a force of thousands of hydrogen bombs. 125 00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:01,519 A cloud of dust was raised, which blocked the sun for years. 126 00:11:01,519 --> 00:11:07,000 This marked the end of the dinosaurs. 127 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:11,639 According to conventional scientific theory, no human beings were alive then to witness 128 00:11:11,639 --> 00:11:13,519 these events. 129 00:11:13,519 --> 00:11:16,080 Or were they? 130 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:20,639 Over 100 million years ago, the limestone bedrock of the Paluxy River in Texas was 131 00:11:20,639 --> 00:11:21,639 a muddy plain. 132 00:11:21,639 --> 00:11:27,440 It was here that countless dinosaurs left their footprints to be fossilized and... 133 00:11:27,440 --> 00:11:28,440 forever. 134 00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:33,200 But the tracks of another creature have also been preserved in these banks, possibly the 135 00:11:33,200 --> 00:11:36,399 tracks of man. 136 00:11:36,799 --> 00:11:42,759 Archaeologist Carl Bau has led the investigation of these controversial print... 137 00:11:42,759 --> 00:11:43,879 years. 138 00:11:43,879 --> 00:11:46,079 My reaction was one of shock. 139 00:11:46,079 --> 00:11:52,120 I had heard of human footprints being found in this locale on the Paluxy near Glen Rose, 140 00:11:52,120 --> 00:11:55,000 Texas, but I was rather skeptical. 141 00:11:55,000 --> 00:12:01,799 And here, after removing actual rock layers, the team and I excavated a series of dinosaur 142 00:12:01,799 --> 00:12:02,799 footprints. 143 00:12:02,799 --> 00:12:09,240 At 18 and one half inches from one of those dinosaur footprints, we excavated a 16 inch 144 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:12,359 human footprint. 145 00:12:12,359 --> 00:12:17,439 We excavated 12 footprints in a series. 146 00:12:17,439 --> 00:12:24,240 And when you find a trail with left, right, left, right pace and stride, the right... 147 00:12:24,240 --> 00:12:31,519 apart, then you have to interpret this as belonging to humankind. 148 00:12:31,519 --> 00:12:36,600 It's been claimed that the Paluxy River footprints are a hoax carved into the... 149 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:39,319 as a tourist attraction. 150 00:12:39,319 --> 00:12:45,759 Well we found trails leading under limestone ledges and actually remove the limestone 151 00:12:45,759 --> 00:12:50,240 ledges one slab of rock at a time. 152 00:12:50,240 --> 00:12:55,720 And we found that both the dinosaur footprints and the trail of human footprin... 153 00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:59,199 under the rock ledges. 154 00:12:59,200 --> 00:13:02,080 This evidence is real. 155 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:08,680 Today, many of the so-called human prints have fallen victim to erosion and the hands 156 00:13:08,680 --> 00:13:09,680 of vandals. 157 00:13:09,680 --> 00:13:14,360 But Carl Bowe is in possession of one of the most compelling prints ever found. 158 00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:20,520 What you are about to see is the most controversial artifact in his collection. 159 00:13:20,520 --> 00:13:25,520 I first saw the Burdick print on my initial visit to Glen Rose in 1984. 160 00:13:25,559 --> 00:13:29,120 My impression at that time was that it was too perfect. 161 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:37,120 But it's clearly a human footprint demonstrating the heel section, the arch, ... 162 00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:44,279 metatarsals, the first or great toe, second, third, fourth and fifth toe. 163 00:13:44,279 --> 00:13:50,600 After our examination of this print, we find that it definitely is in the Cretaceous... 164 00:13:50,600 --> 00:13:53,240 in the same formation with the dinosaur footprints. 165 00:13:54,039 --> 00:13:58,360 Here we're looking at a cross section and we can see very obvious following contours 166 00:13:58,360 --> 00:14:03,080 under the great toe and actually structures under each one. 167 00:14:03,080 --> 00:14:07,960 Where we see the calcite inclusion, the force was concentrated and produced these... 168 00:14:07,960 --> 00:14:11,399 structures which are exactly what geologists look for. 169 00:14:11,399 --> 00:14:14,560 We have eliminated the idea that it's carved. 170 00:14:14,560 --> 00:14:17,039 It definitely has an original impression in the sediment. 171 00:14:17,039 --> 00:14:23,439 This is said to be the fossilized finger of a human being. 172 00:14:23,439 --> 00:14:28,399 It too was reportedly found in the same strata as the dinosaur tracks, dating to o... 173 00:14:28,399 --> 00:14:31,919 hundred million years old. 174 00:14:31,919 --> 00:14:40,480 It had what appeared to be a nail, what appeared to be a cuticle, a taper, a human... 175 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:46,799 After I saw the CAT scan, there was no longer any room in my mind for doubt. 176 00:14:46,799 --> 00:14:54,079 This scan shows the shape of the finger, it shows tissue beneath the skin of the finger, 177 00:14:54,079 --> 00:14:58,679 it shows the bone, it shows the joints, it shows a ligament. 178 00:14:58,679 --> 00:15:03,159 That tells me this is a human finger. 179 00:15:03,159 --> 00:15:08,879 The limestone layer that preserved these artifacts is reportedly dated at around 135 180 00:15:08,879 --> 00:15:10,120 million years old. 181 00:15:10,120 --> 00:15:15,639 Yet, as we saw earlier, objects have been found in rock strata much older than this. 182 00:15:15,679 --> 00:15:21,319 In Clarksdorp, South Africa, hundreds of metallic spheres were found by miners in... 183 00:15:21,319 --> 00:15:28,319 strata said to be a fantastic 2.8 billion years old. 184 00:15:28,319 --> 00:15:33,120 The controversy centers around the fine grooves encircling some of the spheres. 185 00:15:33,120 --> 00:15:37,439 Lab technicians were at a loss to explain how they could have been formed by any known 186 00:15:37,439 --> 00:15:40,399 natural process. 187 00:15:40,399 --> 00:15:45,360 According to the curator of the Clarksdorp Museum, Rolf Mars, these spheres are a... 188 00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:46,360 mystery. 189 00:15:46,360 --> 00:15:51,279 They look man-made, yet at the time in Earth's history, when they came to rest on... 190 00:15:51,279 --> 00:15:53,000 no intelligent life existed. 191 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:58,720 They're like nothing I've ever seen before. 192 00:15:58,720 --> 00:16:03,039 Author researcher David Hatcher Childress has written numerous articles on the coexistence 193 00:16:03,039 --> 00:16:06,200 of humans and dinosaurs. 194 00:16:06,200 --> 00:16:12,879 I think that one of the solutions to the paradox of dinosaurs and people together a... 195 00:16:12,919 --> 00:16:18,399 discrepancy in time, the whole timeline of millions of years versus only thousands of 196 00:16:18,399 --> 00:16:25,399 years can be explained in a cataclysmically geological view of the past, where rather 197 00:16:26,080 --> 00:16:31,039 than geological events taking place over millions of years, they take place more... 198 00:16:31,039 --> 00:16:36,639 What is a million years on a geological time scale is in fact only say a thousand years. 199 00:16:36,639 --> 00:16:42,320 Therefore it's going to bring all this dating much closer to us and make it possible so 200 00:16:42,320 --> 00:16:49,320 that in a scientific way, man and dinosaurs can have existed together in the past and 201 00:16:49,680 --> 00:16:56,320 in fact dinosaurs can still be alive today in small numbers in remote areas of the world. 202 00:16:56,320 --> 00:17:01,440 For instance, in 1977, a Japanese fishing boat off New Zealand brought up out of the 203 00:17:01,440 --> 00:17:06,600 water the carcass of what appeared to be a pleleosaur, an animal that should have been 204 00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:10,920 extinct for millions of years. 205 00:17:10,920 --> 00:17:15,519 Although the authenticity of this photograph has never been disproved, skeptics have... 206 00:17:15,519 --> 00:17:20,279 it's nearly the body of a decomposing shark. 207 00:17:20,279 --> 00:17:25,320 We've seen a broad range of evidence, some of it highly speculative, but there are enough 208 00:17:25,320 --> 00:17:30,320 well-documented cases to call for a closer look at the conventional explanation of man's 209 00:17:30,320 --> 00:17:35,320 origins, the theory of evolution. 210 00:17:35,320 --> 00:17:40,360 England is the birthplace of evolution's first champion, Charles Darwin. Darwin's 211 00:17:40,759 --> 00:17:46,319 theory of evolution proposes that simple life forms or species evolve into more complex 212 00:17:46,319 --> 00:17:53,319 species by accidental changes over long periods of time. For example, given five... 213 00:17:53,959 --> 00:17:58,279 an ape can evolve into a man. 214 00:17:58,279 --> 00:18:02,679 Since Darwin's time, his theory has become central to our understanding of how man came 215 00:18:02,679 --> 00:18:08,199 into existence. It's almost universally accepted today. 216 00:18:08,200 --> 00:18:13,000 According to science investigator Richard Milton, Darwin's theory of how man evolved 217 00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,720 from the apes has some critical problems. 218 00:18:15,720 --> 00:18:21,000 The building behind me is London's Natural History Museum. It looks rather like a... 219 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:25,360 or a church, and in a way that's what it is. It's a kind of temple to Darwin's theory 220 00:18:25,360 --> 00:18:29,240 of evolution. 221 00:18:29,240 --> 00:18:33,100 People come to museums like the Natural History Museum to get answers to their... 222 00:18:33,100 --> 00:18:37,039 have we evolved from apes? Do humans and apes share a common ancestor? And to look at an 223 00:18:37,039 --> 00:18:41,519 exhibit like this, you'd think that question had been answered decisively yes. But the 224 00:18:41,519 --> 00:18:47,319 answer is far from decisive. In fact, this representation is an interpretation of the 225 00:18:47,319 --> 00:18:51,879 fossils, the interpretation of one group of scientists. There are other interpretations, 226 00:18:51,879 --> 00:18:56,159 but you won't find them in this museum or any other museum in the world. 227 00:18:56,159 --> 00:19:01,319 In the model of the evolutionary tree, man and apes are said to share a common ancestor. 228 00:19:01,559 --> 00:19:06,759 However, evidence of that common ancestor is highly contested. That's why it is still 229 00:19:06,759 --> 00:19:10,899 called the missing link. 230 00:19:10,899 --> 00:19:16,139 When Darwin's theory of evolution was embraced, it was assumed that in the next... 231 00:19:16,139 --> 00:19:21,639 fossil evidence would be found to prove that man had evolved from the apes. 232 00:19:21,639 --> 00:19:24,539 Darwinists have promised us a missing link, and so they've got to deliver. They've got 233 00:19:24,539 --> 00:19:30,000 to come up with one. Any missing link will do, it seems. Every so often a skeleton is 234 00:19:30,079 --> 00:19:34,960 found in Africa. Its discoverers describe it as being the missing link. The headlines 235 00:19:34,960 --> 00:19:40,799 come and go, and then later on that skeleton, those bones are reclassified either as human 236 00:19:40,799 --> 00:19:46,799 or as ape. And so far the missing link is still missing. 237 00:19:46,799 --> 00:19:51,400 One of the most classic examples of this is the story of Java Man discovered by Eugene 238 00:19:51,400 --> 00:19:55,680 Dubois in 1892. 239 00:19:55,680 --> 00:20:01,640 Dubois discovered a very primitive looking ape-like skull cap, and he discovered this 240 00:20:01,640 --> 00:20:08,640 thigh bone about 40 feet away. He said, well obviously they must belong to the same... 241 00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:14,680 And that creature walked erect like a human being and had an ape-like skull, so that 242 00:20:14,680 --> 00:20:20,759 must be a missing link. The Pythocanthropus ape man. So maybe you had a big ape and a 243 00:20:20,759 --> 00:20:24,820 human being living together in Java about a million years ago. 244 00:20:24,819 --> 00:20:31,339 The important point to make about the Java Man discovery is that it's based on a... 245 00:20:31,339 --> 00:20:36,339 leap in which two pieces of evidence are put together in a way that's not really... 246 00:20:36,339 --> 00:20:43,099 At the end of his life, Dubois realized that the skull cap belonged to a large ape and 247 00:20:43,099 --> 00:20:48,259 the leg bone was from a man. Nevertheless, Java Man was prominently displayed at the 248 00:20:48,660 --> 00:20:55,660 Museum of Natural History in New York until 1984. Since then, it has been removed. Today, 249 00:20:56,740 --> 00:21:00,740 museums all over the world display models of yet another skeleton they call the missing 250 00:21:00,740 --> 00:21:04,740 link, the common ancestor of both man and ape. 251 00:21:04,740 --> 00:21:11,740 Lucy, the famous australopithecine discovered by Donald Johansson, he says she was very 252 00:21:11,740 --> 00:21:18,299 human-like. But I was at a conference of anthropologists where many of them were... 253 00:21:18,299 --> 00:21:24,900 a case that she was hardly distinguishable from an ape or a monkey. 254 00:21:24,900 --> 00:21:30,059 These bones have been restored to resemble a missing link, part human, part ape, and 255 00:21:30,059 --> 00:21:34,700 Lucy is now thought of as being our long lost ancestor. But this is merely an... 256 00:21:34,700 --> 00:21:39,740 the interpretation of one group. Those same bones can be, and they have been taken by 257 00:21:39,740 --> 00:21:46,740 scientists and identified as simply an extinct ape. Nothing to do with us at all. 258 00:21:47,019 --> 00:21:52,460 Newspapers are constantly reporting new discoveries that add to our understanding ... 259 00:21:52,460 --> 00:21:58,420 but so far conclusive evidence of a missing link has not been found. 260 00:21:58,420 --> 00:22:04,180 So what happens to the evolutionary model if the missing link does not exist at all? 261 00:22:04,180 --> 00:22:08,180 Without it, there's little support for man's connection with the apes and the model simply 262 00:22:08,180 --> 00:22:10,940 collapses. 263 00:22:10,940 --> 00:22:15,940 Some people have said to me, how can you criticize a theory if you can't, if you do... 264 00:22:15,940 --> 00:22:19,740 something to replace it with? Well, I don't accept that. If the emperor hasn't got any 265 00:22:19,740 --> 00:22:23,580 clothes on, then the emperor hasn't got any clothes on. It's not my fault. It seems to 266 00:22:23,580 --> 00:22:30,580 me that if Darwinism is wrong, then somebody has got to point the finger. 267 00:22:31,580 --> 00:22:37,539 Next we will visit the mysterious city of Tiwanaku, built at an altitude of 12,500... 268 00:22:37,539 --> 00:22:44,539 with stones weighing 150 tons. This could be the oldest city in the world, built by 269 00:22:44,539 --> 00:22:48,539 civilization as yet unknown. 270 00:22:48,539 --> 00:22:54,619 In order to unravel the mystery of man's origins, we must follow the path of... 271 00:22:54,619 --> 00:22:59,180 Now civilization is said to have spread from the old world to the new world, but there 272 00:22:59,180 --> 00:23:03,940 is evidence that humans were building cities in the new world thousands of years before 273 00:23:03,940 --> 00:23:06,940 history tells us. 274 00:23:06,940 --> 00:23:11,940 Traditionally, the oldest city in the world is thought to be Jericho, in the old world, 275 00:23:11,940 --> 00:23:18,620 dated to around 8,000 BC. Yet in South America, the so-called new world, scientis... 276 00:23:18,620 --> 00:23:24,620 at evidence of a city that could be twice as old. 277 00:23:24,620 --> 00:23:31,620 Situated at an altitude of 12,500 feet, Tiwanaku is one of the most mysterious cit... 278 00:23:31,619 --> 00:23:37,139 world. Traditionally, it's thought to have been built by the predecessors of the Incas, 279 00:23:37,139 --> 00:23:44,139 2,000 years ago. However, around the turn of the century, Pallidian scholar Arthur 280 00:23:44,139 --> 00:23:51,139 Poznansky began a 50-year study of the ruins of Tiwanaku. Using the science of astronomy, 281 00:23:51,139 --> 00:23:56,739 Poznansky came to an amazing conclusion. He calculated that Tiwanaku had been constructed 282 00:23:56,740 --> 00:24:03,740 more than 17,000 years ago, long before any civilization was supposed to have existed. 283 00:24:15,019 --> 00:24:22,019 Poznansky called this fabulous city the cradle of civilization. Even though the... 284 00:24:22,740 --> 00:24:27,859 of Poznansky's measurements were confirmed by engineers, his conclusions about the age 285 00:24:27,859 --> 00:24:32,460 of Tiwanaku have never been accepted. 286 00:24:32,460 --> 00:24:39,339 Neil Steedy, a Mesoamerican archaeologist, decided to reopen this controversial... 287 00:24:39,339 --> 00:24:46,180 I met with Dr. Oswaldo Rivera, who is head of Bolivian Archaeology. The doctor, though 288 00:24:46,299 --> 00:24:53,299 he disagrees with Poznansky's findings, was more than willing to help in every way... 289 00:24:53,620 --> 00:25:00,380 so that we could retrace Poznansky's steps. 290 00:25:00,380 --> 00:25:07,380 Neil visited Dr. Rivera's newest excavation site, the Acapana Pyramid. Today, it's mostly 291 00:25:07,380 --> 00:25:12,980 ruins, but the base is miraculously preserved and still testifies to the advanced... 292 00:25:12,980 --> 00:25:14,980 of its builders. 293 00:25:14,980 --> 00:25:21,980 The facing stones of this site are perfectly set with no mortar. We took a needle, and 294 00:25:24,259 --> 00:25:30,660 that needle we tried to insert at every point along the joint, and the needle couldn't 295 00:25:30,660 --> 00:25:36,019 be inserted. A perfect fit. 296 00:25:36,019 --> 00:25:42,019 One of the most baffling questions for Poznansky was why they built Tiwanaku with... 297 00:25:42,059 --> 00:25:46,339 This, he felt, was an important clue to the age of the structure. 298 00:25:46,339 --> 00:25:53,180 Now the ancients constructed the site with astronomical alignments in mind. As the sun 299 00:25:53,180 --> 00:26:00,180 rises each day, it moves along the horizon, and it rises in a different spot. 300 00:26:02,259 --> 00:26:09,259 To measure this movement, they built the temple itself as a giant clock to tell the... 301 00:26:09,980 --> 00:26:16,980 the progression of the sun was proceeding. And we can use those same astronomical... 302 00:26:17,379 --> 00:26:21,140 to date the site. 303 00:26:21,140 --> 00:26:24,980 Poznansky observed that on the first day of spring, the sun rose exactly in the center 304 00:26:24,980 --> 00:26:29,539 of the temple through the archway. Based on the layout of the temple, he deduced that 305 00:26:29,539 --> 00:26:34,059 on the first days of winter and summer, the sun should rise directly over each of the 306 00:26:34,139 --> 00:26:38,980 huge cornerstones. But he found this was not the case. The position of the sun was 307 00:26:38,980 --> 00:26:45,980 for some reason slightly outside of the corner markers. He wondered what that reas... 308 00:26:49,779 --> 00:26:54,339 And in the other ancient sites surrounding it, the architecture is perfectly aligned 309 00:26:54,339 --> 00:26:59,859 to the cardinal points. The buildings are deliberately oriented to the cardinal points. 310 00:27:00,579 --> 00:27:06,419 If we measure each building precisely, we will find errors. I believe these are simple 311 00:27:06,419 --> 00:27:13,419 errors of construction, not at all related to the date of construction. 312 00:27:13,579 --> 00:27:20,579 After observing the perfection with which this site is built, with hundred tons stones, 313 00:27:22,339 --> 00:27:29,339 to suggest that such things as the solstice markers are misaligned, the date of... 314 00:27:30,139 --> 00:27:37,139 I find incredible. No, I think the solstice markers were probably very precisely located 315 00:27:37,859 --> 00:27:44,019 as everything else in the site. And in fact, this is the very argument that Poznansky 316 00:27:44,019 --> 00:27:50,939 used to calculate the antiquity of the site. By measuring the angle of the cornerstones 317 00:27:50,939 --> 00:27:55,699 and comparing that angle to today's sunrise position, Poznansky was able to calculate 318 00:27:55,779 --> 00:28:02,779 that Teowanoko was built 17,000 years ago. At that time, the tilt of the Earth's axis 319 00:28:02,900 --> 00:28:07,660 was slightly different than it is today. So the summer and winter suns would have risen 320 00:28:07,660 --> 00:28:14,660 directly above the ancient cornerstones. The only correction that I would make is that 321 00:28:14,660 --> 00:28:21,660 we now have better astronomical measurements due to satellites and computers. And I would 322 00:28:22,259 --> 00:28:29,259 suspect the date would be more like 12,000 years ago. But that still makes Teowanoko 323 00:28:30,660 --> 00:28:37,660 the oldest city known on the face of the Earth. In his Chronicles of Peru, written 324 00:28:39,340 --> 00:28:45,259 in the 1600s, Garcia de la Vega wrote that when the Spanish first arrived in South... 325 00:28:45,259 --> 00:28:51,580 they asked the Incas who built this incredible city of Teowanoko. Did you buil... 326 00:28:51,579 --> 00:28:58,259 said, no. In fact, they laughed at the idea. They said, we had nothing to do with it. 327 00:28:58,259 --> 00:29:05,259 This was built thousands of years before our time. The current view says that man arrived 328 00:29:07,699 --> 00:29:14,119 in South America around 15,000 years ago, a wandering hunter-gatherer. Yet the evidence 329 00:29:14,119 --> 00:29:20,740 we've seen suggests that Teowanoko was designed by an advanced civilization. A... 330 00:29:20,740 --> 00:29:27,740 reveals just how advanced they may have been. While restoring the ancient temple of... 331 00:29:27,740 --> 00:29:33,420 Dr. Rivera and his team discovered a long-lost secret of the ancient builders.... 332 00:29:33,420 --> 00:29:38,180 a strange depression between two blocks of stone. Upon clearing out the debris, they 333 00:29:38,180 --> 00:29:45,180 noticed the unmistakable glint of metal. Whoever built Teowanoko came up with a ver... 334 00:29:45,180 --> 00:29:52,180 method for holding together the huge stones which they used to build the site. They... 335 00:29:52,180 --> 00:29:59,180 a groove in the edge, and into this groove they would pour a molten alloy, which later 336 00:29:59,220 --> 00:30:06,220 hardened into a staple. What I find amazing here is that to move to each site where the 337 00:30:06,539 --> 00:30:13,539 staple was needed, they had to have something like a portable smelting plant to maintain 338 00:30:17,059 --> 00:30:23,380 this metal in a molten state. Mysterious metal clamps revealed a level of technolog... 339 00:30:23,380 --> 00:30:30,380 beyond their time. The antiquity and the technological sophistication of Teowanoko... 340 00:30:30,380 --> 00:30:37,380 and every one of us fully question the origins of civilization. 341 00:30:44,180 --> 00:30:50,420 Where did the ancient Teowanokans learn this complex process? The answer may lie halfway 342 00:30:50,420 --> 00:30:57,420 around the world at one of man's most mysterious monuments, the great Sphinx of... 343 00:31:01,100 --> 00:31:05,580 Is it possible that there was an advanced civilization on this planet thousands of 344 00:31:05,580 --> 00:31:10,940 years before history tells us? Investigative journalist Graham Hancock considers this to 345 00:31:10,940 --> 00:31:16,180 be a very real possibility. He has dedicated nine years of his life to tracking down the 346 00:31:16,180 --> 00:31:22,020 evidence. This monument is one of a category of monuments 347 00:31:22,020 --> 00:31:28,540 from all over the world. These monuments have certain things in common. First and foremost, 348 00:31:28,539 --> 00:31:34,619 enormous blocks of stone, gigantic, weighing hundreds of tons. Secondly, very precise 349 00:31:34,619 --> 00:31:41,619 scientific astronomical alignments. And thirdly, the greatest mystery of all, we... 350 00:31:42,220 --> 00:31:48,859 who built these monuments. Hancock points to a number of sites throughout 351 00:31:48,859 --> 00:31:55,859 the world which exhibit gigantic stone construction. This is called megalithic... 352 00:31:56,339 --> 00:32:01,899 immense fortress of Sacsayhuaman in Peru is comprised of individual granite stones, 353 00:32:01,899 --> 00:32:08,899 some weighing 360 tons. That's the equivalent of two diesel locomotives. The Osirian in 354 00:32:09,819 --> 00:32:14,419 Egypt is made of tremendous pillars of red aswan granite, some of which weigh over a 355 00:32:14,419 --> 00:32:20,579 hundred tons. My own view is that what we're looking at here 356 00:32:20,579 --> 00:32:27,579 is a common influence that touched all of these places long before recorded history 357 00:32:27,859 --> 00:32:34,859 began. A remote third party civilization unidentified by historians that had a... 358 00:32:35,299 --> 00:32:40,659 that had a presence in South America, that had a presence in Egypt and elsewhere, and 359 00:32:40,659 --> 00:32:47,659 that left behind a legacy of knowledge in all of those places. 360 00:32:47,820 --> 00:32:54,820 In 1993, an independent Egyptologist, John Anthony West, shocked the world with... 361 00:32:55,340 --> 00:33:02,340 evidence that the Sphinx in Egypt could be 12,000 years old. Recently, astronomer... 362 00:33:02,940 --> 00:33:08,580 Robert Bowval, using a computer model of the Giza Plateau, made a startling discovery... 363 00:33:08,580 --> 00:33:14,980 seems to confirm this ancient age of the Sphinx. In very simple terms, the first th... 364 00:33:15,140 --> 00:33:20,660 one realizes when you look at the pyramids of Giza is that they're designed along... 365 00:33:20,660 --> 00:33:27,660 principles. We're finding that the astronomy is leading us to conclude that the Sphinx 366 00:33:27,860 --> 00:33:34,860 was erected in 10,500 BC, and this matches exactly with the ideas that have been... 367 00:33:36,259 --> 00:33:42,620 in the geological analysis of the Sphinx. So there are two hard sciences now indicating 368 00:33:42,619 --> 00:33:49,619 that the Sphinx could be very, very old, and going back to the 11th millennium BC. 369 00:33:51,739 --> 00:33:56,299 According to Graham Hancock, if Teowonako and the Sphinx were both built around 12,000 370 00:33:56,299 --> 00:34:02,819 years ago, they may have had a common source. Consider the similarities between the... 371 00:34:02,819 --> 00:34:09,819 and Egypt. Both have huge pyramids precisely aligned to the cardinal points. Temples with 372 00:34:09,820 --> 00:34:16,820 megalithic stones with extremely fine joints of less than a fiftieth of an inch. Both 373 00:34:18,620 --> 00:34:24,220 Egypt and the Americas used royal headdresses of similar style. Both employed a unique 374 00:34:24,220 --> 00:34:29,980 style of construction using L-shaped corners. Both used the same style of metal clamps 375 00:34:29,980 --> 00:34:36,580 to hold huge stones in place, and both cultures used the process of mummification... 376 00:34:36,579 --> 00:34:43,259 and honour their dead. These compelling similarities between Egypt and the America... 377 00:34:43,259 --> 00:34:48,900 some that a sophisticated group of seafaring people crossed the Atlantic thousands of... 378 00:34:48,900 --> 00:34:54,259 before Columbus. A collection of ancient maps suggests they may have had a knowledge of 379 00:34:54,259 --> 00:35:00,659 the world which has never been explained. In 1929, rolled up on a dusty shelf in a 380 00:35:00,659 --> 00:35:07,659 library in Constantinople in Turkey, a map was found. This map had been drawn in 1513 381 00:35:08,179 --> 00:35:15,179 by a Turkish admiral, Admiral Piri Reis. The strange thing about this map is it shows 382 00:35:15,219 --> 00:35:22,219 features of the earth that nobody in 1513 should have been able to know. Before the 383 00:35:22,219 --> 00:35:27,219 18th century, sailors ran the risk of crashing their ships onto rocky coastlines... 384 00:35:27,219 --> 00:35:32,619 they lacked one thing, the ability to calculate longitude. For that you need an... 385 00:35:32,619 --> 00:35:39,619 accurate clock. It wasn't until 1790 that the first accurate marine timepiece was invented 386 00:35:40,179 --> 00:35:47,179 and sailors could pinpoint their position on the seas. Yet 250 years before this clock 387 00:35:48,259 --> 00:35:53,119 was made, Piri Reis had drawn a map which showed the coastlines of Africa and South 388 00:35:53,119 --> 00:35:59,739 America within a half a degree of longitude. And as Piri Reis himself told us, that... 389 00:35:59,739 --> 00:36:06,739 was not his knowledge, it was knowledge that he borrowed and copied from earlier maps. 390 00:36:06,739 --> 00:36:13,539 And he stated on the map that it was based on more than 20 source maps and that some 391 00:36:13,539 --> 00:36:18,440 of these maps went back to the time of Alexander the Great or even earlier, in ot... 392 00:36:18,440 --> 00:36:25,059 before the time of Christ. So the mystery is, where did these source maps come from? 393 00:36:25,059 --> 00:36:32,059 Who charted the globe long ages ago with an accuracy that we ourselves can hardly match 394 00:36:32,420 --> 00:36:39,420 today? A professor of science, Charles Hapgood, was combing through the map room ... 395 00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:46,539 of Congress when he made his startling discovery. As my eyes fell upon the southe... 396 00:36:46,539 --> 00:36:53,539 of a world map drawn by Arontius Phineas in 1532, I had the instant conviction that 397 00:36:53,539 --> 00:37:00,300 I had found here a truly authentic map of the real Antarctica. 398 00:37:00,300 --> 00:37:05,279 The mystery of this map is, it shows Antarctica as it looks under the ice. Long... 399 00:37:05,279 --> 00:37:09,759 is even supposed to have been discovered. And perhaps the greatest mystery of all is 400 00:37:09,759 --> 00:37:14,679 that it shows the Antarctic Peninsula not as it looks today, covered by more than a 401 00:37:14,899 --> 00:37:20,519 bit of ice, but as it actually looks underneath that covering of ice. Now we... 402 00:37:20,519 --> 00:37:25,919 only known what the land under the Antarctic Peninsula really looks like since 1958, when 403 00:37:25,919 --> 00:37:32,139 seismic surveys were taken across the ice cap. Hapgood put his theory to the test. 404 00:37:32,139 --> 00:37:36,739 He compared the Arontius Phineas map with a map of Antarctica as it looks covered with 405 00:37:36,739 --> 00:37:43,139 ice. The maps were similar, but details of the coastline were obscured by the ice. Then 406 00:37:43,400 --> 00:37:48,440 using a map created by seismographic survey, he was able to compare the actual coastlines 407 00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:55,440 of Antarctica with the Arontius Phineas map. When the maps were overlaid, the similarities 408 00:37:55,440 --> 00:38:01,400 astounded him. The clearest deduction of all is that whoever drew up those original 409 00:38:01,400 --> 00:38:07,319 source maps thousands of years ago had a level of technology as high as our own. Th... 410 00:38:08,059 --> 00:38:13,539 explored the whole globe from north to south and from east to west. So this is testimony 411 00:38:13,539 --> 00:38:20,539 of an advanced and as yet unidentified civilization in remote prehistory. 412 00:38:23,180 --> 00:38:28,300 A woolly mammoth was frozen so quickly that its last meal of buttercups remained fresh 413 00:38:28,300 --> 00:38:33,660 in its stomach for thousands of years. This sudden drop in temperature may be a clue to 414 00:38:33,659 --> 00:38:39,960 the disappearance of the unidentified civilization Plato called Atlantis. 415 00:38:39,960 --> 00:38:44,960 If a technologically advanced culture did live on the earth thousands of years ago, 416 00:38:44,960 --> 00:38:51,960 what happened to it? The Greek philosopher Plato described an advanced civilization... 417 00:38:51,960 --> 00:38:58,159 legend was preserved by Egyptian priests. As the story goes, Atlantis was a great empire 418 00:38:58,159 --> 00:39:03,239 of engineers and scientists who were in many ways more technologically advanced than we 419 00:39:03,239 --> 00:39:09,319 are today. It was destroyed 12,000 years ago by floods and earthquakes, forcing its 420 00:39:09,319 --> 00:39:16,319 survivors to seek refuge all over the world. For centuries, scientists and explorers have 421 00:39:17,399 --> 00:39:23,399 searched in vain for a continent that fits Plato's description of Atlantis. So far, no 422 00:39:23,399 --> 00:39:30,399 sign of this vast island empire has been found. Some say it sank into the Atlantic... 423 00:39:30,760 --> 00:39:35,619 Others say it was destroyed by the volcanic eruption of Thira in the Mediterranean. But 424 00:39:35,619 --> 00:39:41,639 researcher Ran Flemoth believes he's found a location that no one else has ever... 425 00:39:41,639 --> 00:39:47,240 Atlantis, he says, is buried under two miles of ice. 426 00:39:47,240 --> 00:39:52,800 Up until now, the search for Atlantis has been restricted to two bodies of water, the 427 00:39:52,800 --> 00:39:58,240 Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic. But Atlantis is said to have been in the real 428 00:39:58,639 --> 00:40:05,359 ocean. And we now understand that the world has only one ocean, the world ocean. In the 429 00:40:05,359 --> 00:40:10,039 middle of that ocean is Antarctica. It's right smack in the middle. And this is whe... 430 00:40:10,039 --> 00:40:17,039 believe that the mapping of the Earth took place. It's most famously known as Atlantis. 431 00:40:17,559 --> 00:40:23,839 Today Antarctica is a frozen wasteland, virtually uninhabitable. According to... 432 00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:30,200 been buried under ice for almost two million years. How could any civilization have... 433 00:40:30,200 --> 00:40:37,200 there only 12,000 years ago? A surprising discovery in Siberia may hold the answer. 434 00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:44,360 In 1977, a Russian bulldozer operator noticed a block of muddy ice containing a curious 435 00:40:44,360 --> 00:40:50,760 dark mass. On closer inspection, he was amazed to see the contours of a small... 436 00:40:51,080 --> 00:40:56,080 creature. He had discovered a perfectly preserved woolly mammoth. 437 00:40:56,080 --> 00:41:03,080 In a kind of zone of death all over the Northern Hemisphere, Northern Siberia and... 438 00:41:03,080 --> 00:41:08,200 Canada, we find the frozen carcasses of hundreds of thousands of large mammal... 439 00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:12,480 mammoths but also woolly rhinos and other creatures of this kind. And when their... 440 00:41:12,480 --> 00:41:17,360 contents are examined, as they have been, they are found to have been grazing on warm 441 00:41:17,360 --> 00:41:22,039 weather, vegetation, and yet they are now positioned extremely close to the North Pole. 442 00:41:22,039 --> 00:41:27,800 The only theory which really explains this mystery is the theory of crustal... 443 00:41:27,800 --> 00:41:34,800 that the land that they were on was shoved into a much colder climate very suddenly. 444 00:41:35,680 --> 00:41:39,960 Professor Charles Hapgood was fascinated by the fact that thousands of animals could be 445 00:41:39,960 --> 00:41:46,320 frozen completely in a brief moment of geological time, and that ancient maps of... 446 00:41:46,320 --> 00:41:51,680 suggest that it too was frozen over very quickly. For Hapgood, this could only be 447 00:41:51,680 --> 00:41:58,680 explained in one way, that entire continents could rapidly change positions on the planet. 448 00:41:59,640 --> 00:42:04,920 About 12,000 years ago, there was a displacement of the Earth's crust. The ent... 449 00:42:04,920 --> 00:42:11,920 of the Earth moved something like 2,000 miles, and when the Earth's crust shifted,... 450 00:42:12,920 --> 00:42:19,079 Antarctica is encapsulated by the polar zone, and at the same time, North America is... 451 00:42:19,079 --> 00:42:25,480 from the Arctic Circle and becomes temperate. So we have ice melting in North America, 452 00:42:25,480 --> 00:42:32,280 ice forming in Antarctica. When Professor Hapgood first proposed this theory, it was 453 00:42:32,280 --> 00:42:39,280 met with silence from the scientific community, with one notable exception, Dr.... 454 00:42:39,840 --> 00:42:45,800 I find your arguments very impressive, and have the impression that your hypothesis 455 00:42:45,800 --> 00:42:52,680 is correct. One can hardly doubt that significant shifts of the crust of the Ear... 456 00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:59,680 place repeatedly, and within a short time. This controversial theory is based on a well 457 00:42:59,800 --> 00:43:05,400 accepted fact. The individual continents have been slowly drifting apart for millions of 458 00:43:05,400 --> 00:43:12,400 years. This is possible because the outer crust of the Earth floats upon a semi-liquid 459 00:43:12,400 --> 00:43:18,559 layer. Hapgood's theory of crustal displacement takes this principle one step... 460 00:43:18,559 --> 00:43:24,599 states that the entire crust of the Earth can shift in one piece, like the loose skin 461 00:43:24,599 --> 00:43:31,599 of an orange. Hapgood documented three Earth crust displacements in the last 100,000... 462 00:43:32,599 --> 00:43:38,799 We believe that they happen every 41,000 years. The last one happened 11,500 years 463 00:43:38,799 --> 00:43:45,799 ago, so we're not due for another Earth crust displacement for 29,500 years. 464 00:43:46,679 --> 00:43:51,839 According to Hapgood's theory, this cataclysmic shift is caused by an imbalanc... 465 00:43:51,839 --> 00:43:58,839 the polar caps. Over time, ice builds up at the poles, reaching as much as two miles in 466 00:43:59,840 --> 00:44:06,400 time. The tremendous weight of the ice causes an imbalance on the globe. The ice shifts, 467 00:44:06,400 --> 00:44:13,000 dragging the outer crust and the continents in one piece to new positions. The polar caps 468 00:44:13,000 --> 00:44:17,800 are now in a warmer climate, where they begin to melt, while temperate lands are in the 469 00:44:17,800 --> 00:44:24,800 polar regions, where they freeze and build up ice. If Hapgood's theory is possible, 470 00:44:25,120 --> 00:44:31,240 and land masses can suddenly shift 2,000 miles, it might explain how an entire... 471 00:44:31,240 --> 00:44:35,440 and its people could have been lost to history. 472 00:44:35,440 --> 00:44:42,440 I am convinced by the evidence that we are a species with amnesia. We have forgotten 473 00:44:43,440 --> 00:44:50,440 something of great importance from our own past. When we recover it, we'll realize for 474 00:44:50,440 --> 00:44:56,559 a start that our civilization isn't the apex of creation. It isn't the pinnacle towards 475 00:44:56,559 --> 00:45:02,119 which everything has been building throughout all of geological time. Rather, it's part 476 00:45:02,119 --> 00:45:07,659 of an up and down, a flow, that it's possible for a civilization to reach a very high level 477 00:45:07,659 --> 00:45:12,960 of advancement and be wiped out. This is something we've never really confronted, a... 478 00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:16,760 to confront it. 479 00:45:17,080 --> 00:45:21,720 We've met the experts and looked at the evidence that seems to contradict our... 480 00:45:21,720 --> 00:45:27,760 theories about the human race. Numerous artifacts indicate to some scientists that... 481 00:45:27,760 --> 00:45:34,040 be millions of years old, throwing into question our descent from the apes. Ancien... 482 00:45:34,040 --> 00:45:40,720 megalithic architecture suggest that an advanced culture may have existed 12,000... 483 00:45:40,719 --> 00:45:47,719 a homeland wiped out by a cataclysm that rearranges the entire face of the planet. 484 00:45:49,119 --> 00:45:54,000 It's been said that man has made the climb from Stone Age to civilization more than... 485 00:45:54,000 --> 00:45:59,039 and that our present time is just the latest in this cycle. But only if the evidence is 486 00:45:59,039 --> 00:46:05,039 allowed to speak for itself will we ever learn the truth about the mysterious origi...