1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:23,600 Gobekli Tepe was a center of innovation in some way. 2 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:27,760 It was a place that people were called to mobilize and taught new stuff. 3 00:00:27,760 --> 00:00:31,000 The other thing he's telling me pointing at the ground is that what they've excavated 4 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:33,480 is only a tiny portion of the whole site. 5 00:00:33,480 --> 00:00:38,000 They've been over the whole site with ground penetrating radar and at least 50 times as 6 00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:40,640 much still awaits excavation. 7 00:00:40,640 --> 00:00:45,200 There are hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of giant megalithic pillars under the earth 8 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:46,200 there. 9 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:49,160 So goodness knows what else Gobekli Tepe has to teach us. 10 00:00:49,160 --> 00:00:53,480 But I don't believe for a moment that we're looking at a sudden mysteriously precocious 11 00:00:53,480 --> 00:00:56,560 invention 7,000 years ahead of its time. 12 00:00:56,719 --> 00:00:59,679 I think what we're looking at is a transfer of technology. 13 00:00:59,679 --> 00:01:05,359 We're looking at the survivors of a lost civilization who already knew how to make... 14 00:01:05,359 --> 00:01:11,439 who already understood agriculture, and who used this project to initiate the local... 15 00:01:11,439 --> 00:01:14,760 into their way of thinking. 16 00:01:14,760 --> 00:01:16,980 There are other Gobekli Tepe type sites. 17 00:01:16,980 --> 00:01:20,480 This one, Karahan Tepe, is about 50 kilometers away. 18 00:01:20,480 --> 00:01:21,900 Hasn't even been excavated yet. 19 00:01:21,900 --> 00:01:28,420 You can see the T-shaped pillars sticking out of the ground in a farmer's backyard. 20 00:01:28,420 --> 00:01:32,260 We cannot separate Gobekli Tepe from the mystery of Mesopotamia. 21 00:01:32,260 --> 00:01:34,980 Mesopotamia because between two rivers. 22 00:01:34,980 --> 00:01:37,820 Those rivers are the Tigris and the Euphrates. 23 00:01:37,820 --> 00:01:42,380 And Gobekli Tepe lies right between the headwaters of those two rivers. 24 00:01:42,380 --> 00:01:49,260 So it's fascinating that Madeleine Daines recently found this piece from the Uruk V 25 00:01:49,260 --> 00:01:56,380 period of Sumer where we actually do see a T-shaped pillar here and another T-shaped 26 00:01:56,380 --> 00:02:02,859 pillar surrounded in a circle and remnants of more on this broken side. 27 00:02:02,859 --> 00:02:08,780 Gobekli Tepe had been buried for thousands of years by 3500 BC, but it suggests that 28 00:02:08,780 --> 00:02:10,860 something unknown was going on. 29 00:02:10,860 --> 00:02:18,420 There was some memory, some recollection of this time in the Sumerian period. 30 00:02:18,419 --> 00:02:22,239 And then, of course, from Sumer we have these bearded figures. 31 00:02:22,239 --> 00:02:24,939 Often they wear a fish on their heads. 32 00:02:24,939 --> 00:02:30,179 They're the figures who bring civilization to Mesopotamia. 33 00:02:30,179 --> 00:02:35,179 They're associated particularly with an entity called Oannes. 34 00:02:35,179 --> 00:02:43,579 He and the seven sages, the seven Apkalu, are the bringers of wisdom to Sumer. 35 00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:52,820 And they all carry, as I've a thousand times pointed out, these cute little man bags of 36 00:02:52,820 --> 00:02:57,260 which some three-dimensional versions have survived. 37 00:02:57,260 --> 00:02:58,700 Why are they carrying these bags? 38 00:02:58,700 --> 00:03:00,460 What do these bags symbolize? 39 00:03:00,460 --> 00:03:08,340 And why do we find the same bag in the hands of a figure identifying with the civilizing 40 00:03:08,340 --> 00:03:13,180 hero of ancient Mexico, Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent, the bringer of... 41 00:03:13,180 --> 00:03:14,219 to Mexico? 42 00:03:14,219 --> 00:03:18,340 This is the earliest image of the feathered serpent, and lo and behold, the same man 43 00:03:18,340 --> 00:03:22,980 bag is found in his hand on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. 44 00:03:22,980 --> 00:03:29,540 And those man bags turn up at Gobekli Tepe on the top of pillar 43. 45 00:03:29,540 --> 00:03:32,860 The same bags are found there. 46 00:03:32,860 --> 00:03:36,040 But there we know they're 11,600 years old. 47 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:42,460 I think that we're looking at the symbol of, let's call it a brotherhood, some kind of 48 00:03:42,540 --> 00:03:47,379 initiatory group who went around the world and used this as their symbol and who brought 49 00:03:47,379 --> 00:03:51,300 the gifts of civilization, as is told in so many myths. 50 00:03:51,300 --> 00:03:56,200 I'm going to divert for a moment to the city of Haran. 51 00:03:56,200 --> 00:03:59,379 Well worth a visit if you're ever in that area. 52 00:03:59,379 --> 00:04:01,719 Haran is an ancient city. 53 00:04:01,719 --> 00:04:06,439 It's associated directly with the time of the Old Testament. 54 00:04:06,439 --> 00:04:08,540 It's mentioned in the Bible. 55 00:04:08,540 --> 00:04:12,060 Ur and Abraham are very much associated with that time. 56 00:04:12,060 --> 00:04:17,060 And there are the pools of Abraham that you can still find in Haran today. 57 00:04:17,060 --> 00:04:21,300 So it's thought to be about 4,000 years old or thereabouts. 58 00:04:21,300 --> 00:04:25,060 But Haran had a temple of the moon. 59 00:04:25,060 --> 00:04:28,579 And the people of Haran were called the Sabians. 60 00:04:28,579 --> 00:04:33,800 And they were renowned in the ancient world for their study of the stars and their... 61 00:04:33,800 --> 00:04:35,259 of the stars. 62 00:04:35,259 --> 00:04:40,480 Now interestingly enough, at the temple of the moon in Haran, the symbol has survived. 63 00:04:40,480 --> 00:04:44,840 It's the crescent moon and the disk of the sun. 64 00:04:44,840 --> 00:04:48,160 And exactly the same symbol is found at Gobekli Tepe. 65 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:51,920 The disk of the sun and the crescent moon. 66 00:04:51,920 --> 00:04:55,340 But Gobekli Tepe is thousands of years older than Haran. 67 00:04:55,340 --> 00:04:57,180 The temple of the moon is gone now. 68 00:04:57,180 --> 00:04:59,140 We're not looking at the temple of the moon here. 69 00:04:59,140 --> 00:05:04,000 This is an Islamic mosque that was built in Haran in the 13th century. 70 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:05,640 It has also fallen away. 71 00:05:05,639 --> 00:05:12,279 But the single remaining minaret is to this day referred to as the astronomical tower. 72 00:05:12,279 --> 00:05:18,879 And it turns out that the people of Haran, the Sabians, made a pilgrimage to Giza in 73 00:05:18,879 --> 00:05:20,719 Egypt every year. 74 00:05:20,719 --> 00:05:24,019 And that this pilgrimage had gone on for thousands of years. 75 00:05:24,019 --> 00:05:29,560 And that it continued right through into the 13th century of our era. 76 00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:36,480 The Sabians of Haran practiced a religion that Islam regarded as pagan. 77 00:05:36,480 --> 00:05:40,360 But for a very long period, they were allowed to continue with that religion. 78 00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:45,040 An exception was made for them for some reason that we don't fully understand. 79 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:48,600 Eventually, of course, Islam fell upon them. 80 00:05:48,600 --> 00:05:54,399 But during this time, it's recorded that they made pilgrimages to Giza. 81 00:05:54,399 --> 00:06:00,359 And Salim Hassan speculates that these Sabians, if I guess rightly, had derived... 82 00:06:00,359 --> 00:06:04,039 from the Egyptian word sabah, star. 83 00:06:04,039 --> 00:06:07,519 Sabians were the followers of an ancient religion, worshippers of the hosts of heav... 84 00:06:07,519 --> 00:06:08,519 bodies. 85 00:06:08,519 --> 00:06:12,079 Whatever the origin of their name may have been, the fact remains that they fully... 86 00:06:12,079 --> 00:06:16,879 the pyramids as being monuments connected with the stellar cult. 87 00:06:16,879 --> 00:06:20,719 Now if we go, there's Giza. 88 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:26,120 And let's remind ourselves about the incredible precision of Giza, the placemen... 89 00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:31,000 on a non-random latitude, 30 degrees north, one third of the way between the equator 90 00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:32,800 and the North Pole. 91 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:36,080 It's almost perfect alignment to true north. 92 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:38,760 It speaks to the earth in lots and lots of ways. 93 00:06:38,760 --> 00:06:43,420 The great pyramid that was the object of the Sabian pilgrimage. 94 00:06:43,420 --> 00:06:48,440 It is undoubtedly a mathematical scale model of a hemisphere of the earth. 95 00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:50,240 Robert has talked about this as well. 96 00:06:50,319 --> 00:06:52,879 Egyptologists know this, but they say it's a coincidence. 97 00:06:52,879 --> 00:06:56,120 It's one of those coincidence pigeons. 98 00:06:56,120 --> 00:06:59,680 It's a total coincidence that if you take the height of the great pyramid and multiply 99 00:06:59,680 --> 00:07:03,540 it by 43,200, you get the polar radius of the earth. 100 00:07:03,540 --> 00:07:08,720 And if you measure the base perimeter and multiply it by 43,200, you get the equatorial 101 00:07:08,720 --> 00:07:10,600 circumference of the earth. 102 00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:16,960 It's incredibly precise for it to be a coincidence. 103 00:07:16,960 --> 00:07:18,740 And don't take my word for it. 104 00:07:18,740 --> 00:07:23,699 If you have the stamina, read Hamlet's Mill by Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von 105 00:07:23,699 --> 00:07:25,819 Deschen, both professors of the history of science. 106 00:07:25,819 --> 00:07:28,780 He was a professor of history of science at MIT. 107 00:07:28,780 --> 00:07:32,079 And what they've done in Hamlet's Mill, I won't bore you with the details, but they've 108 00:07:32,079 --> 00:07:37,240 massively documented ancient knowledge of precession of the equinoxes and an obsession 109 00:07:37,240 --> 00:07:40,180 with those numbers generated by the number 72. 110 00:07:40,180 --> 00:07:45,819 And just an absolute obsession with those numbers, which is found all around the world 111 00:07:46,379 --> 00:07:51,980 of thousands of years before the Greek astronomers are supposed to have discovere... 112 00:07:51,980 --> 00:07:54,860 So you can find it in the Vedic texts. 113 00:07:54,860 --> 00:07:57,860 You can find it in the Norse myths. 114 00:07:57,860 --> 00:08:04,139 You can find it in the story of Osiris, captured by Seth and his 72 assistants. 115 00:08:04,139 --> 00:08:08,079 And what Santillana and Von Deschen do is they trace the origin of the system to some 116 00:08:08,079 --> 00:08:12,920 almost unbelievable ancestor civilization of prehistoric antiquity that first dared 117 00:08:12,920 --> 00:08:19,540 to understand the world as created according to number, measure, and weight. 118 00:08:19,540 --> 00:08:24,280 And that's why this can't be an accident, because the great pyramid scale, the pyramid 119 00:08:24,280 --> 00:08:30,600 earth ratio, is actually on a scale defined by a key motion of the earth itself, by the 120 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:31,600 precession. 121 00:08:31,600 --> 00:08:36,159 72 times 600 gives you 43,200. 122 00:08:36,159 --> 00:08:40,480 So this is not a random scale, and this cannot be a coincidence. 123 00:08:40,600 --> 00:08:44,320 Santillana and Von Deschen agree that the system is expressed not only in myth, but 124 00:08:44,320 --> 00:08:45,379 also in architecture. 125 00:08:45,379 --> 00:08:49,740 You find it all over the complex at Angkor in Cambodia, by the way. 126 00:08:49,740 --> 00:08:54,940 And although I don't have time to go into it here, Angkor in Cambodia lies exactly 72 127 00:08:54,940 --> 00:08:59,300 degrees of longitude east of Giza in Egypt. 128 00:08:59,300 --> 00:09:00,980 That number again. 129 00:09:00,980 --> 00:09:05,639 If you take 72 and add to it half of 72, you get 108. 130 00:09:05,639 --> 00:09:08,399 Divide 108 by 2, and you get 54. 131 00:09:08,399 --> 00:09:12,720 These are all part of the sequence of numbers generated by precession, and you can see 132 00:09:12,720 --> 00:09:16,720 it in architecture at Angkor Wat in Cambodia. 133 00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:19,519 And you can also see it at the Hoover Dam. 134 00:09:19,519 --> 00:09:26,419 At the Hoover Dam, Oscar Hansen incorporated a star map into the architecture of the... 135 00:09:26,419 --> 00:09:34,600 Dam, and he did so, he does so quite specifically, so that in remote ages to co... 136 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:39,879 people with knowledge of precession would be able to discern the astronomical time 137 00:09:39,879 --> 00:09:42,279 of the dam's dedication. 138 00:09:42,279 --> 00:09:46,460 In other words, he knew that in 10,000 years, nobody might be able to read the English 139 00:09:46,460 --> 00:09:50,000 language, or inscriptions might not even last in the English language. 140 00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:54,740 But if they understood astronomy and they confronted that monumental work of... 141 00:09:54,740 --> 00:09:58,519 they could say when it was created because of this star map. 142 00:09:58,519 --> 00:10:01,720 And the suggestion is, of course, that that's exactly the same thing that's happening at 143 00:10:02,680 --> 00:10:07,160 That Giza is stamping a date on the Earth. 144 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:12,000 The three great pyramids of Giza, and down here the great Sphinx gazing perfectly due 145 00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:14,680 east across the Nile Valley. 146 00:10:14,680 --> 00:10:20,519 It's interesting how tiny the Sphinx seems in context of this overall image. 147 00:10:20,519 --> 00:10:26,759 And yet the Sphinx is 270 feet long and 70 feet high, but it almost vanishes in the... 148 00:10:26,759 --> 00:10:27,759 here. 149 00:10:28,319 --> 00:10:33,919 And there's the Sphinx complex with its two megalithic temples in front of it. 150 00:10:33,919 --> 00:10:37,039 The Sphinx, of course, is cut out of solid bedrock. 151 00:10:37,039 --> 00:10:42,960 And when the bedrock was removed, it was moved over here, cut up into 100 ton block... 152 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:45,419 erected as these two megalithic temples. 153 00:10:45,419 --> 00:10:49,759 So if by chance the Sphinx is older than Egyptologists believe, then these megalith... 154 00:10:49,759 --> 00:10:54,360 also older than Egyptologists believe. 155 00:10:54,360 --> 00:10:59,039 And indeed the geology, and here Professor Robert Schock has just done incredible and 156 00:10:59,039 --> 00:11:00,240 amazing important work. 157 00:11:00,240 --> 00:11:04,759 He was first brought to the site by John Anthony West, a good friend of mine, rogue 158 00:11:04,759 --> 00:11:06,279 Egyptologist. 159 00:11:06,279 --> 00:11:10,899 John Anthony West was convinced that the Sphinx bore the marks of water erosion. 160 00:11:10,899 --> 00:11:12,960 And he wanted a geological opinion. 161 00:11:12,960 --> 00:11:17,800 And shock when he came to the site and saw these distinct erosions in the trench around 162 00:11:17,800 --> 00:11:22,240 the Sphinx, it was immediately clear to him that the Sphinx had been exposed to about 163 00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:24,639 a thousand years of heavy rainfall. 164 00:11:24,639 --> 00:11:29,519 And no such rains have fallen in Egypt in the last 4,500 years. 165 00:11:29,519 --> 00:11:33,159 You have to go back actually to the younger dryas to get the rains that could have eroded 166 00:11:33,159 --> 00:11:36,120 the Sphinx. 167 00:11:36,120 --> 00:11:39,360 Archaeologists at the time were furious. 168 00:11:39,360 --> 00:11:44,759 There was huge opposition to the shock and west idea. 169 00:11:44,759 --> 00:11:48,639 And their main argument was, no, it's impossible. 170 00:11:48,639 --> 00:11:53,399 The Sphinx couldn't have been made 12,000 years ago because there's no other monumental 171 00:11:53,399 --> 00:11:56,399 site anywhere in the world that is 12,000 years old. 172 00:11:56,399 --> 00:12:00,399 And if a culture was capable of creating the Sphinx, surely it would have created other 173 00:12:00,399 --> 00:12:01,399 sites. 174 00:12:01,399 --> 00:12:03,980 Well, of course they could say that in 1992. 175 00:12:03,980 --> 00:12:07,439 But with the discovery of Gobekli Tepe, they can't say that today. 176 00:12:07,439 --> 00:12:11,720 Here we have a site of very similar age that's being proposed to the Sphinx on a v... 177 00:12:11,720 --> 00:12:16,819 scale and it's not even that far away from Egypt. 178 00:12:16,820 --> 00:12:22,340 So there's our Sphinx gazing perfectly due east. 179 00:12:22,340 --> 00:12:25,240 And this is where you have to break the law. 180 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:32,180 If you get up on the Sphinx's back illegally at the summer solstice, dawn on the summer 181 00:12:32,180 --> 00:12:36,260 solstice, you'll see the sun breaking the horizon over here. 182 00:12:36,260 --> 00:12:40,340 Dawn on the winter solstice, the sun breaks the horizon over here, far to the south of 183 00:12:40,340 --> 00:12:41,460 east. 184 00:12:41,460 --> 00:12:46,140 But you get up there at dawn on the spring equinox, the 21st of March, and you discover 185 00:12:46,139 --> 00:12:48,100 what the Sphinx is made for. 186 00:12:48,100 --> 00:12:53,500 The Sphinx is gazing directly at the rising sun and the Sphinx's purpose is to marry 187 00:12:53,500 --> 00:12:59,539 heaven and earth on that special day, to lock it to that moment and that time frame. 188 00:12:59,539 --> 00:13:03,740 So the question is, what is the Sphinx looking at? 189 00:13:03,740 --> 00:13:10,439 It's looking at the rising sun, but what about the constellation behind the sun? 190 00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:18,080 If the Sphinx was made in 2500 BC, as we're told, it should have been made in the shape 191 00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:24,400 of a bull, because it was the constellation of Taurus that lay behind the sun during the 192 00:13:24,400 --> 00:13:27,480 pyramid age on the equinox. 193 00:13:27,480 --> 00:13:31,240 If your objective is to create a monument that's looking at itself in the sky, you 194 00:13:31,240 --> 00:13:33,560 want a bull there, not a lion. 195 00:13:33,560 --> 00:13:36,320 But there is a lion constellation. 196 00:13:36,320 --> 00:13:40,400 And lo and behold, if you go back, as you saw this morning, if you go back to 10,500 197 00:13:40,400 --> 00:13:46,200 BC, if you go back to the time of the younger Dryas, you find that the Sphinx is gazing 198 00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:52,000 at a lion-bodied constellation in the sky, a constellation that even looks a lot like 199 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:53,000 the Sphinx. 200 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:54,000 I have a question all about that. 201 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:58,200 Because I noticed that Leo is actually already over the horizon in this picture. 202 00:13:58,200 --> 00:14:00,240 In this picture, this is an hour before dawn. 203 00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:03,800 Oh, so it's not like a fixed place where it's rising. 204 00:14:04,279 --> 00:14:06,439 Well, no, it's only going to rise there for three or four days. 205 00:14:06,439 --> 00:14:08,879 Then it's going to track away from due east. 206 00:14:08,879 --> 00:14:14,279 So like when the sun comes up, it wouldn't be like perfectly completely above the horizon? 207 00:14:14,279 --> 00:14:19,039 An hour before dawn, the constellation is still visible in the sky. 208 00:14:19,039 --> 00:14:24,120 You're looking at a lion on the ground, looking at a lion in the sky. 209 00:14:24,120 --> 00:14:32,259 And now later, as the sun breaks the horizon, Leo is higher. 210 00:14:32,259 --> 00:14:36,819 But now our attention turns to the south and what's happening here at that very moment. 211 00:14:36,819 --> 00:14:38,960 I'll come to that. 212 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:45,059 So it's interesting that 12,500 years ago, an equinoctial marker should have been carved 213 00:14:45,059 --> 00:14:46,059 in the form of a lion. 214 00:14:46,059 --> 00:14:51,659 And we have this lion equinoctial marker, which geology already suggests is possibly 215 00:14:51,659 --> 00:14:54,379 12,500 years old. 216 00:14:54,379 --> 00:14:57,659 They're the great pyramids. 217 00:14:57,659 --> 00:15:03,860 And this is the point now, that allow another hour to pass. 218 00:15:03,860 --> 00:15:07,339 Let the sun bisect the horizon. 219 00:15:07,339 --> 00:15:11,860 And what happens when you know your sky, it doesn't really matter if you can see the 220 00:15:11,860 --> 00:15:12,860 stars or not. 221 00:15:12,860 --> 00:15:17,539 Once you've worked it all out, as we can do with modern computers, you know what leads 222 00:15:17,539 --> 00:15:18,539 to the next thing. 223 00:15:18,539 --> 00:15:21,179 The rising of this means that will be there. 224 00:15:21,179 --> 00:15:26,859 And this is actually the fact that as the sun bisects the horizon, the constellation 225 00:15:26,859 --> 00:15:31,779 of Orion is lying exactly due south on the meridian. 226 00:15:31,779 --> 00:15:35,539 It's like the gears of a clock have clicked into place. 227 00:15:35,539 --> 00:15:42,139 And the constellation of Orion is in exactly the pattern of the pyramids on the ground. 228 00:15:42,139 --> 00:15:44,779 And that happens 12,500 years ago as well. 229 00:15:44,779 --> 00:15:49,219 So there's strong astronomy, both the Sphinx and the pyramids that are speaking to the 230 00:15:49,259 --> 00:15:52,420 age of 12,500 years ago. 231 00:15:52,420 --> 00:15:58,300 Now let's return to the Sabians of Haran and their mysterious pilgrimage to Giza. 232 00:15:58,300 --> 00:16:06,259 The Sabians were renowned as geometers, as earth-measurers, and as astronomers. 233 00:16:06,259 --> 00:16:11,620 And in these skills, they made particular use of right triangles. 234 00:16:11,620 --> 00:16:15,960 A right triangle is a 3, 4, 5 right triangle. 235 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:19,100 Has its sides in the dimensions 3, 4, and 5. 236 00:16:19,980 --> 00:16:22,779 It has a 90-degree angle here, which is the right angle. 237 00:16:22,779 --> 00:16:27,220 36.87 is the acute angle, and 58.13 degrees is the other angle. 238 00:16:27,220 --> 00:16:30,259 That's true of all right triangles. 239 00:16:30,259 --> 00:16:38,540 So it's, again, let's remind ourselves about the precision, the measurement of the earth. 240 00:16:38,540 --> 00:16:45,500 It's intriguing when we go into the King's Chamber in Giza that we find it contains 241 00:16:45,500 --> 00:16:49,100 a right triangle. 242 00:16:49,100 --> 00:16:52,620 I've shown in this diagram how it contains it. 243 00:16:52,620 --> 00:16:55,860 15 cubits, 20 cubits, 25 cubits. 244 00:16:55,860 --> 00:17:00,580 It's a 3, 4, 5 right triangle in the heart of the King's Chamber. 245 00:17:00,580 --> 00:17:05,819 And the most interesting thing of all, we have the Sabians making a pilgrimage from 246 00:17:05,819 --> 00:17:12,259 Haran to Giza every year, is that the city of Haran is situated on the earth latitude 247 00:17:12,259 --> 00:17:15,059 36.87 degrees. 248 00:17:15,980 --> 00:17:17,619 That just can't be a coincidence. 249 00:17:17,619 --> 00:17:23,740 Here is this city which is dedicated to measuring the earth and studying the stars... 250 00:17:23,740 --> 00:17:32,019 right triangles in trigonometry, and yet is situated on a latitude defined by the acute 251 00:17:32,019 --> 00:17:36,980 angle of a right triangle, 36.87 degrees north. 252 00:17:36,980 --> 00:17:39,399 That's where Haran sits. 253 00:17:39,400 --> 00:17:44,840 And even more puzzling, it turns out that there's exactly one one-thousandth of the 254 00:17:44,840 --> 00:17:51,120 earth's circumference latitude difference between Gobekli Tepe and Haran. 255 00:17:51,120 --> 00:17:56,700 And J. Q. Jaepers, the astronomer who discovered this, writes, even non-archeos... 256 00:17:56,700 --> 00:17:59,000 stratification and deposition basics. 257 00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:00,000 Deeper is older. 258 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:02,759 Gobekli Tepe is 12,000 years old. 259 00:18:02,759 --> 00:18:08,960 Haran is equated with Ur of Sumeria, the civilized land and the cradle of... 260 00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:15,360 That cradle and astronomy is presumed to be 4,000 to 5,000 years old, not 12,000. 261 00:18:15,360 --> 00:18:19,920 Haran is located at 3 over 4 atan latitude, a fixed parameter. 262 00:18:19,920 --> 00:18:24,360 And Gobekli Tepe is at a specific latitude different north. 263 00:18:24,360 --> 00:18:28,759 Because the fixed parameter must come first, the conundrum, of course, is that this... 264 00:18:28,759 --> 00:18:34,140 one one-thousandth of the circumference latitude difference is either a coincidenc... 265 00:18:35,140 --> 00:18:38,940 leap back to 12,000 years ago. 266 00:18:38,940 --> 00:18:41,020 And that's what I suggest it has done. 267 00:18:41,020 --> 00:18:44,060 Gobekli Tepe is requiring us to rethink everything. 268 00:18:44,060 --> 00:18:49,580 It's requiring us to rethink megalithic sites that are found all over the world. 269 00:18:49,580 --> 00:18:52,960 This one found at the bottom of the Sicily channel has been covered by the sea for more 270 00:18:52,960 --> 00:18:54,580 than 9,000 years. 271 00:18:54,580 --> 00:18:58,660 We would not have been able to give it a context if it had not been for the prior... 272 00:18:59,660 --> 00:19:04,259 Because there weren't supposed to be any sites that old. 273 00:19:04,259 --> 00:19:09,740 The megaliths of Menorca are very similar in their T shape to the megaliths of Gobekli 274 00:19:09,740 --> 00:19:11,040 Tepe. 275 00:19:11,040 --> 00:19:15,140 But archaeologists say Menorca is only 4,000 years old. 276 00:19:15,140 --> 00:19:20,060 And that raises the question of how do archaeologists date stone sites? 277 00:19:20,060 --> 00:19:22,980 And how they date them is always with organic material. 278 00:19:22,980 --> 00:19:25,060 You can't carbon date stone. 279 00:19:25,059 --> 00:19:27,259 You need organic material to produce your date. 280 00:19:27,259 --> 00:19:31,740 And you want that organic material to be in such an association with the stone that 281 00:19:31,740 --> 00:19:37,539 you can reasonably deduce that the stone was placed there at the age of the organic... 282 00:19:37,539 --> 00:19:43,500 The problem is that the vast majority of megalithic sites on earth, unless they're... 283 00:19:43,500 --> 00:19:49,099 or unless they've been deliberately buried like Gobekli Tepe, the vast majority of... 284 00:19:49,099 --> 00:19:51,019 sites are open. 285 00:19:51,019 --> 00:19:54,159 And they have been used by later cultures. 286 00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:58,779 And I feel that the dating of the megalithic sites, because it fits with the prejudice 287 00:19:58,779 --> 00:20:04,640 of archaeology, what they've done is they've allowed falsely young dates from introduced 288 00:20:04,640 --> 00:20:08,640 carbon from later cultures to dominate the dating of these sites. 289 00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:13,840 Graham, what do you think about Pumapunko and Tiwanako and their structures and how 290 00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:14,840 the dating… 291 00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:16,560 I'll come to Pumapunko actually. 292 00:20:16,560 --> 00:20:20,040 But I do believe Tiwanako is a vastly older site. 293 00:20:20,039 --> 00:20:24,599 And less than 2% of Tiwanako has been excavated. 294 00:20:24,599 --> 00:20:29,500 So the Maltese temples are also in question. 295 00:20:29,500 --> 00:20:33,779 In my book Underworld, published in 2002, I already make a strong case that they date 296 00:20:33,779 --> 00:20:36,039 back into the Ice Age. 297 00:20:36,039 --> 00:20:37,559 There's a huge amount of evidence for this. 298 00:20:37,559 --> 00:20:43,279 But with Gobekli Tepe now present, we must reexamine the whole story of Malta very, very 299 00:20:43,279 --> 00:20:44,279 carefully. 300 00:20:45,160 --> 00:20:48,839 I'm now going to take you to Baalbek in Lebanon. 301 00:20:48,839 --> 00:20:52,079 And I'm sitting in the cellar of the Temple of Jupiter. 302 00:20:52,079 --> 00:20:58,200 We're going to have a look at that site, because Baalbek is often brought up in... 303 00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:01,559 of mysterious ancient architecture. 304 00:21:01,559 --> 00:21:03,039 And I felt it was important. 305 00:21:03,039 --> 00:21:06,039 And there are suggestions that it was an ET landing site and all of that. 306 00:21:06,039 --> 00:21:11,879 So I felt it was important to go there, despite the war in neighboring Syria, and ... 307 00:21:11,880 --> 00:21:18,220 time on this amazing site of Baalbek in the Lebanon. 308 00:21:18,220 --> 00:21:24,280 So I'm sitting in what would have been the center, the cellar, of the Temple of Jupiter. 309 00:21:24,280 --> 00:21:29,000 Undoubtedly a Roman temple, with another Roman temple dedicated to the god of wine,... 310 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:30,400 in the background. 311 00:21:30,400 --> 00:21:34,840 These are six columns out of 54 that once surrounded the whole temple complex that 312 00:21:34,840 --> 00:21:35,840 have remained. 313 00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:40,240 The rest have fallen down, and bits of the columns lie all over the place. 314 00:21:40,240 --> 00:21:43,480 This is a plan of Baalbek. 315 00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:44,980 That is the Temple of Jupiter. 316 00:21:44,980 --> 00:21:47,920 Those are the six columns I was sitting in front of. 317 00:21:47,920 --> 00:21:51,079 And on this plan, we see a mystery. 318 00:21:51,079 --> 00:21:56,839 Because surrounding the Temple of Jupiter on three sides, like a letter U turned on 319 00:21:56,839 --> 00:22:01,279 its side, is a huge megalithic wall. 320 00:22:01,279 --> 00:22:04,779 But that megalithic wall is not part of the Temple of Jupiter. 321 00:22:04,779 --> 00:22:08,579 It is separate, quite separate from the Temple of Jupiter. 322 00:22:08,579 --> 00:22:12,519 So if we go back up to the Temple of Jupiter, we can say that there are no megaliths... 323 00:22:12,519 --> 00:22:15,259 in the construction of the Temple of Jupiter itself. 324 00:22:15,259 --> 00:22:18,439 Excavations have revealed only small stones. 325 00:22:18,439 --> 00:22:24,059 But if we go up onto the north wall of the Temple of Jupiter and look over the side, 326 00:22:24,059 --> 00:22:29,779 we can see this enormous megalithic wall running along the north side of the temple... 327 00:22:29,779 --> 00:22:33,339 from it by about 35 feet. 328 00:22:33,339 --> 00:22:38,480 And there again, you can see no megaliths in the temple itself, but huge megaliths 329 00:22:38,480 --> 00:22:44,799 in this odd wall separated from the temple. 330 00:22:44,799 --> 00:22:47,759 The wall continues on the south side as well. 331 00:22:47,759 --> 00:22:53,159 It runs along this side of the Temple of Jupiter. 332 00:22:53,159 --> 00:22:55,199 Here we are again on the north side. 333 00:22:55,199 --> 00:22:57,699 There I am for scale. 334 00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:03,380 The biggest blocks are the three blocks of the Trilithon in the west wall. 335 00:23:03,380 --> 00:23:07,680 These are the blocks that we hear about in all the ancient mystery discussions. 336 00:23:07,680 --> 00:23:12,259 You can just see the seam of the first one there, the next one, the third one. 337 00:23:12,259 --> 00:23:14,360 Each of these weighs 900 tons. 338 00:23:14,360 --> 00:23:18,220 They are raised up more than 20 feet above the ground. 339 00:23:18,220 --> 00:23:20,120 They are perfectly positioned. 340 00:23:20,120 --> 00:23:25,019 You can't get a piece of paper into the joints between them. 341 00:23:25,960 --> 00:23:30,079 Just again for scale, I'm pointing up at the Trilithon here, and here I'm actually 342 00:23:30,079 --> 00:23:36,000 sitting on a bit of the Trilithon. 343 00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:43,960 Archaeologists say that this dark block in front of my foot here, this is the reason 344 00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:49,639 why they can prove that not only the Temple of Jupiter, but also the megalithic wall, 345 00:23:49,639 --> 00:23:53,759 were the work of the Romans. 346 00:23:53,779 --> 00:24:01,500 They excavated that block, and what they find it is, is a Roman column drum. 347 00:24:01,500 --> 00:24:09,019 It's definitely a Roman column drum, and it's in the foundations of the megalithic wall. 348 00:24:09,019 --> 00:24:14,299 Up above we have a Roman temple, so it seems reasonable to deduce that everything is... 349 00:24:14,299 --> 00:24:21,180 But what is not at all being taken into account is the history of Barbek in the la... 350 00:24:21,180 --> 00:24:22,180 years. 351 00:24:22,640 --> 00:24:24,240 Barbek was a fortress. 352 00:24:24,240 --> 00:24:27,640 It was implicated directly in the Crusades. 353 00:24:27,640 --> 00:24:30,340 It was attacked by Genghis Khan as well. 354 00:24:30,340 --> 00:24:33,900 The whole place was a turmoil for centuries. 355 00:24:33,900 --> 00:24:34,900 It was defended. 356 00:24:34,900 --> 00:24:36,120 It was used as a fortress. 357 00:24:36,120 --> 00:24:42,440 It was attacked with catapults firing huge boulders and demolishing bits of the walls. 358 00:24:42,440 --> 00:24:48,160 Teams were sent in to undermine the foundations so that the walls would fall... 359 00:24:48,160 --> 00:24:50,240 And that's what I think this is. 360 00:24:50,299 --> 00:24:56,299 I think this is a repair block in an undermined foundation, where the Arabs mad... 361 00:24:56,299 --> 00:25:00,620 of the Roman bits of column that were lying around, and used it as a repair block. 362 00:25:00,620 --> 00:25:06,940 And in fact, in a recognized Arab wall in Barbek, we see a Roman column drum being used 363 00:25:06,940 --> 00:25:08,980 in exactly that way. 364 00:25:08,980 --> 00:25:13,099 And that's the Roman column drum in the foundations, and that's the Roman column d... 365 00:25:13,099 --> 00:25:17,539 And I think it's pretty clear to me we're dealing with a repair block. 366 00:25:17,539 --> 00:25:22,079 The largest pieces at Barbek are, of course, still in the quarry. 367 00:25:22,079 --> 00:25:25,200 This is the so-called stone of the pregnant woman. 368 00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:32,200 Oddly, it is separated from the bedrock by a clear division there. 369 00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:35,399 It weighs just over 1,000 tons. 370 00:25:35,399 --> 00:25:40,319 And you can get a sense of the scale of it from me in the picture there. 371 00:25:40,319 --> 00:25:45,240 On the other side of the road, now being used as a rubbish dump, unfortunately, is an even 372 00:25:45,240 --> 00:25:46,240 larger block. 373 00:25:46,240 --> 00:25:50,819 This one weighs 1,200 tons. 374 00:25:50,819 --> 00:25:57,240 And just in June of 2014, quite astonishingly, since the German... 375 00:25:57,240 --> 00:26:03,180 had been excavating the site for 100 years, in June 2014, they found this block. 376 00:26:03,180 --> 00:26:06,019 Previously, it had been covered by sediment. 377 00:26:06,019 --> 00:26:11,180 This block weighs 1,460 tons. 378 00:26:11,180 --> 00:26:16,140 And that's the front edge of it there, and I'm standing on it there. 379 00:26:16,140 --> 00:26:22,500 Now my view, very strongly, is that the Romans had nothing to do with this. 380 00:26:22,500 --> 00:26:28,800 The argument is that the Romans, having gone to the trouble of quarrying these blocks, 381 00:26:28,800 --> 00:26:35,560 of perfectly finishing them in every way, three of them at least, they discovered that 382 00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:37,140 they couldn't move them. 383 00:26:37,140 --> 00:26:39,920 So they just abandoned them and left them in the quarry. 384 00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:42,240 In my view, the Romans would not do that. 385 00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:43,720 They were very practical people. 386 00:26:43,720 --> 00:26:47,420 If they'd gone to all this trouble of quarrying these blocks, they would have... 387 00:26:47,420 --> 00:26:50,460 up into smaller blocks, like loaves of bread. 388 00:26:50,460 --> 00:26:53,779 And they would have carted those smaller blocks off and used them in the constructi... 389 00:26:53,779 --> 00:26:54,779 temple. 390 00:26:54,779 --> 00:26:58,660 The fact that these finished blocks are still sitting in the quarry suggests to me, very 391 00:26:58,660 --> 00:27:00,819 strongly, the Romans had nothing to do with them. 392 00:27:00,819 --> 00:27:02,900 They didn't even know they were there. 393 00:27:02,900 --> 00:27:06,460 If they'd known they were there, they wouldn't be there anymore. 394 00:27:06,460 --> 00:27:10,500 They would have been cannibalized and used, but there they sit. 395 00:27:10,500 --> 00:27:15,319 So it suggests to me that we are dealing with a real mystery in the megaliths at Baalbek. 396 00:27:15,319 --> 00:27:21,039 And we find similar megaliths up in the Peruvian Andes, here at Olantaytambo. 397 00:27:21,039 --> 00:27:29,039 This astonishing pink granite porphyry blocks in the range of 400 tons brought 20 miles 398 00:27:29,039 --> 00:27:31,880 down a mountain, across a river, up to Olantaytambo. 399 00:27:31,880 --> 00:27:35,160 It's really quite a stunning, stunning feat. 400 00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:41,240 The architecture in the Andes, all of which archaeology gives to the Incas. 401 00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:43,440 Everything is made by the Incas, except for Tiwanaku. 402 00:27:43,440 --> 00:27:47,400 They accept that Tiwanaku wasn't made by the Incas. 403 00:27:47,400 --> 00:27:50,680 And they're supposed to have done everything in about 200 years. 404 00:27:50,680 --> 00:27:54,460 But the local people in that area maintain a tradition that the Incas had nothing to 405 00:27:54,460 --> 00:27:59,500 do with this giant megalithic architecture, that the Incas actually simply came and... 406 00:27:59,500 --> 00:28:03,160 much older sites and rebuilt and overbuilt around them. 407 00:28:03,160 --> 00:28:08,759 This level of precision with these jigsaw puzzle patterns is really quite stunning. 408 00:28:08,759 --> 00:28:12,080 You can barely see the joint between the blocks. 409 00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:18,440 And when we go to Sacsayhuaman above Cusco, these fantastic, huge megalithic series of 410 00:28:18,440 --> 00:28:25,040 walls where schoolchildren are taught that they're entirely the work of the Incas. 411 00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:26,759 Let's look at these walls. 412 00:28:26,759 --> 00:28:32,300 That's that, there I am standing beside that stone for scale, 360 tons. 413 00:28:32,299 --> 00:28:39,299 The only record there is of the Incas attempting to bring a stone to Sacsayhuama... 414 00:28:39,299 --> 00:28:40,299 disaster. 415 00:28:40,299 --> 00:28:46,220 3,000 Incas are attempting to emulate the great stones that they see there. 416 00:28:46,220 --> 00:28:49,819 And they bring a stone and they start to drag it across the mountains. 417 00:28:49,819 --> 00:28:52,680 It falls down the mountains, hundreds of people are killed. 418 00:28:52,680 --> 00:28:55,500 They never succeed in getting it to the site. 419 00:28:55,500 --> 00:28:59,059 So I don't think the Incas built Sacsayhuaman at all. 420 00:28:59,059 --> 00:29:03,579 And there's a suggestion that some kind of technology was used to soften the stone. 421 00:29:03,579 --> 00:29:08,500 So you get these curious indentations in the stone and the very molding together of these 422 00:29:08,500 --> 00:29:09,500 giant blocks. 423 00:29:09,500 --> 00:29:14,220 It looks more like sort of play dough or putty than, it makes sense if they could... 424 00:29:14,220 --> 00:29:15,220 them. 425 00:29:15,220 --> 00:29:19,379 You get these curious indentations and patterns across all of the stones. 426 00:29:19,379 --> 00:29:20,940 Really truly remarkable sites. 427 00:29:20,940 --> 00:29:23,220 So now we're in, who asked me about Tiwanaku? 428 00:29:23,220 --> 00:29:24,220 You did. 429 00:29:24,220 --> 00:29:27,819 Now we're in Tiwanaku. 430 00:29:27,939 --> 00:29:33,179 Arthur Poznansky, who did the huge study of Tiwanaku back in the early 1900s, was 431 00:29:33,179 --> 00:29:36,859 absolutely convinced that the site was at least 15,000 years old. 432 00:29:36,859 --> 00:29:39,819 He felt it was vastly, vastly ancient. 433 00:29:39,819 --> 00:29:42,059 But mainstream archaeology doesn't like that. 434 00:29:42,059 --> 00:29:45,980 And mainstream archaeology wants the site to be about two to two and a half thousand 435 00:29:45,980 --> 00:29:46,980 years old. 436 00:29:46,980 --> 00:29:49,339 And there are some carbon dates that support that. 437 00:29:49,339 --> 00:29:52,779 But are those carbon dates from the original Tiwanakans? 438 00:29:52,779 --> 00:29:55,899 Or are they the result of later cultures occupying the site? 439 00:29:55,900 --> 00:29:57,820 The question is not so clear. 440 00:29:57,820 --> 00:30:01,780 Again, the enormous scale of the architecture is obvious. 441 00:30:01,780 --> 00:30:07,180 And I'm intrigued by these H blocks at the back here. 442 00:30:07,180 --> 00:30:09,620 They do look prefabricated as a matter of fact. 443 00:30:09,620 --> 00:30:10,860 But something else. 444 00:30:10,860 --> 00:30:13,420 The same icon is found at Gobekli Tepe. 445 00:30:13,420 --> 00:30:18,540 The same H-shaped pattern is found carved into the belts of these figures that we see 446 00:30:18,540 --> 00:30:24,500 in three-dimensional form in Gobekli Tepe. 447 00:30:24,779 --> 00:30:27,019 And the Kallasasija, the... 448 00:30:27,019 --> 00:30:28,819 Sorry, this is the Kallasasija. 449 00:30:28,819 --> 00:30:30,640 This is the Akapana pyramid. 450 00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:33,220 This is the semi-subterranean temple. 451 00:30:33,220 --> 00:30:35,619 Let's take a closer look at the Kallasasija. 452 00:30:35,619 --> 00:30:39,359 And we discover that it is in fact a megalithic enclosure. 453 00:30:39,359 --> 00:30:43,099 That the heart of it is this row of megaliths that run all the way around. 454 00:30:43,099 --> 00:30:48,019 And if you go closer, you can see those megaliths more clearly. 455 00:30:48,019 --> 00:30:53,059 And it turns out that this wall between them is entirely a modern invention. 456 00:30:53,059 --> 00:30:55,179 It's been put there by archaeologists. 457 00:30:55,179 --> 00:30:56,859 It's not ancient at all. 458 00:30:56,859 --> 00:31:00,019 It's how archaeologists think the site should have looked. 459 00:31:00,019 --> 00:31:04,179 So it's a kind of Disney world that we're looking at here, not real Tiwanaku. 460 00:31:04,179 --> 00:31:06,139 This is real Tiwanaku. 461 00:31:06,139 --> 00:31:10,779 These megaliths that define the whole enclosure, that is real Tiwanaku. 462 00:31:10,779 --> 00:31:15,339 Do you think they used them to measure the stars? 463 00:31:15,339 --> 00:31:19,720 Well there's an astronomical alignment, which I'll come to, which is puzzling. 464 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:25,000 It concerns the gateway of the sun, about which I could speak on its own for hours 465 00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:28,680 on end, and the way that it plays with the sun. 466 00:31:28,680 --> 00:31:30,440 But there's a very curious thing. 467 00:31:30,440 --> 00:31:34,680 It aligns to the summer solstice sunrise, but not quite. 468 00:31:34,680 --> 00:31:38,559 It's slightly off the perfect alignment. 469 00:31:38,559 --> 00:31:44,460 And the reason for that is that there's another motion of the earth, as well as... 470 00:31:44,460 --> 00:31:50,340 The axis of the earth changes its tilt through about four degrees over a period o... 471 00:31:50,340 --> 00:31:51,960 of thousands of years. 472 00:31:51,960 --> 00:31:55,980 And when you do the calculations, you find that Colossusia aligned perfectly to the 473 00:31:55,980 --> 00:32:03,140 summer solstice sunrise in the epoch of 10,000 BC, not in our epoch today. 474 00:32:03,140 --> 00:32:07,860 In that semi-subterranean temple that I showed you, there's a pillar. 475 00:32:07,860 --> 00:32:12,660 Carved into the side of the pillar is a serpent and another animal. 476 00:32:12,660 --> 00:32:13,860 You won't see it clearly. 477 00:32:13,859 --> 00:32:17,899 It's up at the top of the pillar there, but we've focused in on it here and turned it 478 00:32:17,899 --> 00:32:18,899 on its side. 479 00:32:18,899 --> 00:32:20,299 And that's what the animal looks like. 480 00:32:20,299 --> 00:32:22,779 We've outlined it here. 481 00:32:22,779 --> 00:32:28,979 It doesn't resemble any known species of animal in the Andes today, but it looks... 482 00:32:28,979 --> 00:32:30,459 like Toxodon. 483 00:32:30,459 --> 00:32:37,500 And Toxodon was one of those megafauna that went extinct during the Younger Dryas, 12,800 484 00:32:37,500 --> 00:32:38,659 years ago. 485 00:32:38,659 --> 00:32:41,139 On the front of the figure is a human face. 486 00:32:41,140 --> 00:32:46,120 The human face is prominently and richly bearded with a sort of goatee beard. 487 00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:50,540 The Native American peoples of that region do not grow beards. 488 00:32:50,540 --> 00:32:53,580 It's a strange thing that the beard should be there. 489 00:32:53,580 --> 00:33:00,000 And he's associated with a bearded, civilizing hero called Viracocha, who come... 490 00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:07,259 of darkness after a great flood to bestow the gifts of civilization in the Andes. 491 00:33:08,140 --> 00:33:13,420 The story goes that Viracocha's travels took him to Manta in Ecuador, from where he... 492 00:33:13,420 --> 00:33:15,539 the Pacific Ocean walking on water. 493 00:33:15,539 --> 00:33:17,940 And I just show this report from the 1960s. 494 00:33:17,940 --> 00:33:22,819 Columns, man-made columns, find at a depth of 6,000 feet beneath the Pacific Ocean off 495 00:33:22,819 --> 00:33:25,460 the coast of Ecuador. 496 00:33:25,460 --> 00:33:32,779 And it reminds us of these other bearded, civilizing heroes like Quetzalcoatl, like 497 00:33:33,539 --> 00:33:40,059 Osiris, like Oannes, all of them said to have brought the gifts of civilization after a 498 00:33:40,059 --> 00:33:41,859 great cataclysm. 499 00:33:41,859 --> 00:33:48,740 Now, historians and archaeologists continue to scoff at Atlantis and have not paid... 500 00:33:48,740 --> 00:33:56,420 to the bizarre precision of meltwater pulse 1B and Plato's Atlantis date. 501 00:33:56,420 --> 00:33:59,859 And historians and archaeologists say they're completely satisfied with the timeline of 502 00:33:59,939 --> 00:34:04,259 history, that we have the Paleolithic and the Mesolithic and the Neolithic, and then 503 00:34:04,259 --> 00:34:07,219 we move into the first cities and the first civilizations. 504 00:34:07,219 --> 00:34:10,940 And first, it's all clearly laid out. 505 00:34:10,940 --> 00:34:17,059 And there's no time, no place in there for a lost civilization of the Ice Age. 506 00:34:17,059 --> 00:34:24,219 But in this house of history, what archaeologists are failing to do, and afte... 507 00:34:24,219 --> 00:34:26,659 don't really have an excuse anymore. 508 00:34:26,659 --> 00:34:33,460 This information was new 10 years ago, but it's not new anymore. 509 00:34:33,460 --> 00:34:39,699 There is no dispute, whatever the agency, that the Younger Dryas was an absolutely 510 00:34:39,699 --> 00:34:43,659 horrific global cataclysm. 511 00:34:43,659 --> 00:34:49,940 And that's the problem, because the Younger Dryas cataclysm occurs between 12,000, 11,600 512 00:34:49,940 --> 00:34:54,339 years ago, right in the foundations of the house of history. 513 00:34:54,340 --> 00:34:58,260 And we all know what happens when you build a house on foundations of sand. 514 00:34:58,260 --> 00:35:00,420 That house falls down. 515 00:35:00,420 --> 00:35:06,200 And I believe that that's what archaeology has done by ignoring the Younger Dryas... 516 00:35:06,200 --> 00:35:11,300 They cannot tell us about the origins of civilization if they don't take that into... 517 00:35:11,300 --> 00:35:12,300 model. 518 00:35:12,300 --> 00:35:17,260 And up to now, they're not taking it into account, because to do so would require a 519 00:35:17,260 --> 00:35:19,900 paradigm shift. 520 00:35:19,900 --> 00:35:23,019 And that brings us back to the paradigm shift of Clovis. 521 00:35:23,019 --> 00:35:26,860 And now we have to reimagine what the peopling of the New World looked like. 522 00:35:26,860 --> 00:35:28,980 If it wasn't Clovis, what was it? 523 00:35:28,980 --> 00:35:31,260 As a matter of fact, this is what my next book is going to be about. 524 00:35:31,260 --> 00:35:36,480 It's going to be about ancient America and what now appears to be 100,000 years of... 525 00:35:36,480 --> 00:35:40,420 history that needs to be looked at very, very carefully. 526 00:35:40,420 --> 00:35:48,320 And there's the piece in nature lamenting the persecution of those who opposed the Clovis 527 00:35:48,320 --> 00:35:51,720 model and genetic evidence is being brought to bear. 528 00:35:51,720 --> 00:35:58,720 One of the curiosities is that a strong genetic signal links South American Indian... 529 00:35:58,720 --> 00:36:00,680 Aborigines of Australia. 530 00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:04,840 Very, very strong and very, very clear. 531 00:36:04,840 --> 00:36:07,840 And this has caught some press attention recently. 532 00:36:07,840 --> 00:36:15,840 Could you say anything about the long heads, the Paracas heads, which are, as I've just 533 00:36:15,840 --> 00:36:21,079 heard now, not only in South America, but they are found a little bit everywhere. 534 00:36:21,079 --> 00:36:22,079 They're found everywhere. 535 00:36:22,079 --> 00:36:27,280 They've got about 20 of them in the vault of the National Museum of Malta in Valletta 536 00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:28,280 as well. 537 00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:29,680 We eventually managed to get them out. 538 00:36:29,680 --> 00:36:31,680 You never see them. 539 00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:32,680 Well I saw them. 540 00:36:32,680 --> 00:36:36,320 I saw them in Malta and filmed them, as a matter of fact. 541 00:36:36,320 --> 00:36:42,480 I'm not, I'm neither deeply intrigued by nor deeply attracted to that mystery. 542 00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:48,079 I've yet to see why I should believe it's anything other than head binding. 543 00:36:48,079 --> 00:36:51,400 Because they are babies. 544 00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:52,719 Well that's what they do with babies. 545 00:36:52,719 --> 00:36:53,719 They bind their heads. 546 00:36:53,719 --> 00:36:55,400 Yeah, but they are not yet fully. 547 00:36:55,400 --> 00:37:00,960 I haven't seen a fetus skeleton with that. 548 00:37:00,960 --> 00:37:01,960 With that. 549 00:37:01,960 --> 00:37:06,240 Anyway, it's an interesting matter and it's just a matter that I've not pursued... 550 00:37:06,240 --> 00:37:09,240 apart from in Malta. 551 00:37:09,240 --> 00:37:12,099 And genetics is being brought to bear. 552 00:37:12,219 --> 00:37:16,659 It's clear that we're missing a huge part of the human story in North America. 553 00:37:16,659 --> 00:37:21,099 And why shouldn't we be missing a huge part of the human story in North America when we 554 00:37:21,099 --> 00:37:26,380 now know that the whole story there was interrupted by the largest flood that ever... 555 00:37:26,380 --> 00:37:31,339 on earth, by a gigantic, absolutely humongous cataclysm. 556 00:37:31,339 --> 00:37:35,420 It's not surprising that archaeologists have found it difficult to find remains from... 557 00:37:35,420 --> 00:37:39,339 that time because they were all swept away. 558 00:37:39,340 --> 00:37:46,579 So I'll just move on now. 559 00:37:46,579 --> 00:37:51,059 The real possibility that emerges from the Comet Research Group's work that a huge earth 560 00:37:51,059 --> 00:37:56,740 shaking extinction level event occurred over North America just 12,800 years ago in our 561 00:37:56,740 --> 00:38:02,059 historical back yard helps to make sense of the chaos, confusion and competing narratives 562 00:38:02,059 --> 00:38:07,180 and DNA mysteries that now dominate the debate around the peopling of the Americas. 563 00:38:07,219 --> 00:38:12,819 I would suggest that so much more than Clovis was wiped away and obliterated in North... 564 00:38:12,819 --> 00:38:15,419 during the Younger Dryas Cataclysm. 565 00:38:15,419 --> 00:38:21,419 Who knows, perhaps even we might find the fingerprints of a lost advanced global... 566 00:38:22,980 --> 00:38:27,659 And just a reminder of what Plato said with the Atlantis disaster, that it wasn't the 567 00:38:27,659 --> 00:38:31,219 civilized people who lived in the cities who survived. 568 00:38:31,219 --> 00:38:36,859 It was the shepherds and the nomads and the hunter gatherers who survived that disaster. 569 00:38:36,860 --> 00:38:44,300 And I'll close on this point about NASA's complacency and the notion that these events 570 00:38:44,300 --> 00:38:48,579 only occur every 100 million years. 571 00:38:48,579 --> 00:38:53,099 NASA will, if you read their literature, they will tell you we are in no danger from... 572 00:38:53,099 --> 00:38:54,500 from outer space. 573 00:38:54,500 --> 00:38:56,500 But look at the fine print. 574 00:38:56,500 --> 00:39:02,260 What they say is, NASA says that all known potentially hazardous asteroids have less 575 00:39:02,340 --> 00:39:07,540 than a 0.01% chance of impacting the Earth in the next 100 years. 576 00:39:07,540 --> 00:39:08,900 That's very reassuring. 577 00:39:08,900 --> 00:39:09,900 We can relax. 578 00:39:09,900 --> 00:39:11,220 We don't need to worry. 579 00:39:11,220 --> 00:39:15,140 But the trouble is the word known. 580 00:39:15,140 --> 00:39:18,700 All known potentially hazardous asteroids. 581 00:39:18,700 --> 00:39:24,100 NASA can only report the number that it's spotted so far. 582 00:39:24,100 --> 00:39:26,460 But the problem is the unknown objects. 583 00:39:26,460 --> 00:39:32,179 And scientists estimate that so far only 1% have been found. 584 00:39:32,179 --> 00:39:37,460 With 99% more than 100,000 still awaiting discovery. 585 00:39:37,460 --> 00:39:40,500 And I think we're facing wake-up calls from the universe. 586 00:39:40,500 --> 00:39:43,019 2013, Chelyabinsk. 587 00:39:43,019 --> 00:39:47,019 Scientists reveal the full power of the Chelyabinsk meteor explosion. 588 00:39:47,019 --> 00:39:53,380 2014, NASA on alert as huge asteroids set to skim past the Earth at 23,000 miles an 589 00:39:53,380 --> 00:39:54,380 hour. 590 00:39:54,380 --> 00:39:59,940 2015, NASA just announced an unexpected asteroid fly by this Halloween. 591 00:39:59,940 --> 00:40:04,420 2016, huge comet unexpectedly whizzes past the Earth. 592 00:40:04,420 --> 00:40:08,980 2016, hours after discovery, asteroids swept by. 593 00:40:08,980 --> 00:40:13,780 2016, an asteroid zipped through Earth's shadow last night. 594 00:40:13,780 --> 00:40:20,820 2017, rerun asteroid buzzes Earth in second close shave of 2017. 595 00:40:20,820 --> 00:40:25,740 February 2017, NASA warns that asteroid larger than the Empire State Building could 596 00:40:25,740 --> 00:40:27,019 smash into the Earth. 597 00:40:27,019 --> 00:40:29,539 St. Patrick's Day, March 2017. 598 00:40:29,539 --> 00:40:33,740 Watch as St. Patrick's Day asteroid comes dangerously close to Earth in extraordinary 599 00:40:33,740 --> 00:40:35,260 NASA Vizio video. 600 00:40:35,260 --> 00:40:36,260 Here's the BBC. 601 00:40:36,260 --> 00:40:40,740 April 2017, Gibraltar-sized space rock passes the Earth. 602 00:40:40,740 --> 00:40:43,940 We are constantly, we're in a cosmic shooting gallery. 603 00:40:43,940 --> 00:40:46,460 And these things are whizzing by us all the time. 604 00:40:46,460 --> 00:40:51,579 And very often we only discover them after they've gone past. 605 00:40:51,579 --> 00:40:55,220 Much more work needs to be done on this area. 606 00:40:55,220 --> 00:40:58,260 Scientists are increasingly aware of the danger. 607 00:40:58,260 --> 00:41:03,320 The focus, rightly and properly, is on the torrid meteor stream and on the huge objects 608 00:41:03,320 --> 00:41:08,059 that are circulating in the torrid meteor stream. 609 00:41:08,059 --> 00:41:12,139 Calculations by Emilio Spedicato, who is a mathematician at the University of Bergamo, 610 00:41:13,139 --> 00:41:20,139 that in addition to the known torrid objects, Enki, Olgiato, Rudniky, all in the range 611 00:41:20,139 --> 00:41:25,219 of two to five kilometers in diameter, there are also between one and 200 asteroids of 612 00:41:25,219 --> 00:41:28,900 more than a kilometer in diameter orbiting within the torrid stream. 613 00:41:28,900 --> 00:41:35,460 And amongst them, their calculations suggest one extremely large dark object about 30... 614 00:41:35,460 --> 00:41:36,900 in diameter. 615 00:41:36,900 --> 00:41:39,059 This is what happens to comets. 616 00:41:39,059 --> 00:41:42,099 They're visible when they out gas. 617 00:41:42,099 --> 00:41:43,099 They're very volatile. 618 00:41:43,099 --> 00:41:45,059 Their surface is bubbling with gases. 619 00:41:45,059 --> 00:41:51,339 And those gases create the visible effect of the comet. 620 00:41:51,339 --> 00:41:54,059 But comets also contain a lot of tar. 621 00:41:54,059 --> 00:41:57,980 And the tar will sometimes bubble up to the surface and completely coat the comet. 622 00:41:57,980 --> 00:42:00,139 And then the comet goes dormant. 623 00:42:00,139 --> 00:42:03,159 Some of these comets, like Rudniky, do that. 624 00:42:03,159 --> 00:42:05,739 They go dormant and then they light up again. 625 00:42:05,739 --> 00:42:10,119 And their calculations are that we've got a dormant 30 kilometer fragment of comet... 626 00:42:10,119 --> 00:42:11,860 in the torrid meteor stream. 627 00:42:12,620 --> 00:42:16,460 And that, again, is this issue of crossing an eight-lane interstate with a blindfold 628 00:42:16,460 --> 00:42:18,059 twice a year. 629 00:42:18,059 --> 00:42:22,220 But it doesn't, it really doesn't have to be gloom and doom. 630 00:42:22,220 --> 00:42:28,980 We absolutely, as a sophisticated technological civilization, we already hav... 631 00:42:28,980 --> 00:42:31,539 to sweep our cosmic environment clean. 632 00:42:31,539 --> 00:42:34,180 All it would require is a grand human project. 633 00:42:34,180 --> 00:42:36,860 We'd all have to get together and pool our skills. 634 00:42:36,860 --> 00:42:41,180 And we'd have to stop throwing money at armies. 635 00:42:41,500 --> 00:42:47,500 Stop throwing the trillions of dollars inventing ever more sophisticated ways to... 636 00:42:47,500 --> 00:42:52,059 Instead, for the first time, we'd have to recognize our collective humanity and get 637 00:42:52,059 --> 00:42:55,779 together to make the earth safe for our children and our children's children. 638 00:42:55,779 --> 00:42:57,299 And it can be done. 639 00:42:57,299 --> 00:42:59,139 The technology exists now. 640 00:42:59,139 --> 00:43:02,779 They're already looking at ways, typical of our society, they're looking at ways of... 641 00:43:02,779 --> 00:43:05,139 asteroids. 642 00:43:05,139 --> 00:43:06,619 What can we get out of them? 643 00:43:06,619 --> 00:43:11,019 Well, if we can mine the bloody things, we can move them as well. 644 00:43:11,860 --> 00:43:13,059 The work has already been done. 645 00:43:13,059 --> 00:43:14,619 All it takes is money. 646 00:43:14,619 --> 00:43:18,820 And right now, that money is not being provided. 647 00:43:18,820 --> 00:43:22,099 So I will close on this point. 648 00:43:22,099 --> 00:43:23,699 By the way, this is your city. 649 00:43:23,699 --> 00:43:27,019 This is Hong Kong. 650 00:43:27,019 --> 00:43:31,780 And NASA photographs of the earth from space are very beautiful. 651 00:43:31,780 --> 00:43:34,259 They call it the black marble. 652 00:43:34,259 --> 00:43:37,980 And we look down upon the earth and we see the parts of the earth that are lit up and 653 00:43:37,980 --> 00:43:39,900 glowing. 654 00:43:39,900 --> 00:43:42,099 And here we're focusing on northern Europe. 655 00:43:42,099 --> 00:43:44,860 We see how brightly lit northern Europe is. 656 00:43:44,860 --> 00:43:48,500 Ironically, when you live in one of these cities, you can't see the stars. 657 00:43:48,500 --> 00:43:51,420 You can forget they exist because of light pollution. 658 00:43:51,420 --> 00:43:52,980 You just don't see any stars. 659 00:43:52,980 --> 00:43:57,740 But from the space looking down, you see the earth lit up like a chain of jewels, but not 660 00:43:57,740 --> 00:43:58,980 all of the earth. 661 00:43:58,980 --> 00:44:02,660 Yes, developed Europe is bright, but Africa. 662 00:44:02,660 --> 00:44:04,660 Africa is very dark. 663 00:44:04,660 --> 00:44:09,180 Down here in the Congo and in the Namibian desert, no lights at all. 664 00:44:09,259 --> 00:44:14,500 This is normally taken as a sign of technological advancement. 665 00:44:14,500 --> 00:44:16,599 Our planet is beaming out to space. 666 00:44:16,599 --> 00:44:20,919 The bits of it that are technologically advanced, where everybody's got it good, a... 667 00:44:20,919 --> 00:44:24,379 of it that haven't yet been electrified and that are dark. 668 00:44:24,379 --> 00:44:29,500 And we kind of smugly regard ourselves as superior for being able to do this. 669 00:44:29,500 --> 00:44:31,480 It's true in all hemispheres. 670 00:44:31,480 --> 00:44:37,179 If we go to the Western Hemisphere, there's North America gleaming like jewels. 671 00:44:37,179 --> 00:44:40,259 And there's the Amazon basin almost completely dark. 672 00:44:40,259 --> 00:44:46,039 And in the Amazon basin, hunter-gatherer tribes who don't even know we exist. 673 00:44:46,039 --> 00:44:50,099 They may see an airplane from time to time, but they've not been contacted yet. 674 00:44:50,099 --> 00:44:54,000 We get some photographs of them like this. 675 00:44:54,000 --> 00:44:56,819 So the point I want to end on is this. 676 00:44:56,819 --> 00:45:04,819 If the younger Dryas comet were to hit us again, if we were to face a cataclysm on 677 00:45:04,820 --> 00:45:10,980 the scale that the Earth faced 12,800 years ago, who would survive and who wouldn't? 678 00:45:10,980 --> 00:45:14,019 I don't think that our advanced technological civil... 679 00:45:14,019 --> 00:45:17,620 Human beings would certainly survive, but I don't think our advanced technological 680 00:45:17,620 --> 00:45:20,220 civilization would survive. 681 00:45:20,220 --> 00:45:24,180 This is a civilization that is built upon interdependency. 682 00:45:24,180 --> 00:45:28,480 Everybody has their specific skill, and they don't know other skills. 683 00:45:28,480 --> 00:45:33,780 We all depend on each other in order to create this success story. 684 00:45:33,780 --> 00:45:37,220 Only few of us have any survival skills at all. 685 00:45:37,220 --> 00:45:42,140 We don't know how to hunt, we don't know how to fish, we don't know how to grow crops. 686 00:45:42,140 --> 00:45:45,440 We are completely ignorant in that area. 687 00:45:45,440 --> 00:45:51,380 And socially and psychologically, we are not prepared to have it all stripped away from 688 00:45:51,380 --> 00:45:52,380 us overnight. 689 00:45:52,380 --> 00:45:57,700 Yes, there would be survivors, but they would be incredibly demoralized. 690 00:45:57,700 --> 00:46:01,400 The food into cities is on a three-day basis right now. 691 00:46:01,400 --> 00:46:05,280 Any city will starve if it doesn't get its food supply within three days. 692 00:46:05,280 --> 00:46:09,680 You can imagine the walking dead scenario breaking out relatively quickly across the 693 00:46:09,680 --> 00:46:11,740 industrialized world. 694 00:46:11,740 --> 00:46:16,480 But there are people who would make it through almost unscathed, and those are th... 695 00:46:16,480 --> 00:46:17,820 Those are the hunter-gatherers. 696 00:46:17,820 --> 00:46:21,980 Those are the meek of the Earth, whether in the Amazon jungle or in Namibia. 697 00:46:21,980 --> 00:46:27,340 These are people who are in the business of survival, and they survive incredibly well, 698 00:46:27,340 --> 00:46:30,920 and nobody can teach them anything about survival skills. 699 00:46:30,940 --> 00:46:36,720 If this cataclysm were to occur, it would be they and their descendants who would carry 700 00:46:36,720 --> 00:46:38,440 the human story. 701 00:46:38,440 --> 00:46:40,880 We and our descendants would be gone. 702 00:46:40,880 --> 00:46:45,659 And their descendants 10,000 years from now, who's to say that they wouldn't be telling 703 00:46:45,659 --> 00:46:51,639 a story, a myth, perhaps the archeologists of that time would say, a myth about how 704 00:46:51,639 --> 00:46:57,800 there was a time when there was a civilization on this planet that was so... 705 00:46:57,800 --> 00:47:00,900 were almost gods. 706 00:47:00,900 --> 00:47:04,539 They could fly to the moon. 707 00:47:04,539 --> 00:47:10,800 They could speak to one another and see one another on opposite sides of the planet. 708 00:47:10,800 --> 00:47:14,660 Their achievements were incredible. 709 00:47:14,660 --> 00:47:18,420 But sadly, they became arrogant. 710 00:47:18,420 --> 00:47:20,460 They became cruel. 711 00:47:20,460 --> 00:47:25,780 They began to impose their will on other peoples around the world. 712 00:47:25,780 --> 00:47:32,820 They ceased to wear their prosperity with moderation, and the universe struck them... 713 00:47:34,340 --> 00:47:40,019 So let's make sure we're not the next lost civilization.