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There is but one mind in all these men, and it is bent against Caesar.

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If thou beest not immortal, look about you.

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Security gives way to conspiracy.

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The communists in the Kremlin are engaged in a monstrous conspiracy.

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Searching for secret conspiracies is torturous, complex, frustrating.

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Why are you so discredited for thinking there's something hidden?

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You have conspiracy theories.

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The odds are fairly good there was a conspiracy.

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It was, if you will, a sandbox conspiracy.

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Conspiracy, conspiracy, and things of that nature.

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Strictly speaking, the whole world is inside my head, or it's just my sensations, but of course I have to think the opposite in order to live it all.

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I'm no conspiracy buff here.

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So-called conspiracy theorists.

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There was a conspiracy.

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Conspiracy theories.

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There's being a member of a conspiracy.

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There need to be conspiracy theorists.

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Incredible number of conspiracy theories.

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A brave, a new, and shining world.

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A meretricious conspiracy.

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There's all kinds of conspiratorial theories.

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The vast left-wing conspiracy.

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Subtle form of conspiracy.

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Conspiracy.

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Conspiracy theory.

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People are wondering if there was an international conspiracy.

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Oh, it's been a conspiracy. It's been a conspiracy.

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The jury said basically there was a conspiracy.

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Other conspiracy theories are far more relevant.

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We'd actually like to know what the heck is going on.

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Have we been duped into kind of a complacent attitude?

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Imagine what would happen if we had an informed election.

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The problem of corruption.

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You read about the mess in Washington.

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There are a lot of people who lie and get away with it.

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And that's just a fact.

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To open your minds and don't believe them.

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Don't believe them.

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Don't believe-

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That paints me as a fringe conspiracy nut.

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We know that once a person is perverted,

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it is practically impossible for that person to adjust to normal attitudes.

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The whole world is sick.

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To the extent people lie, ultimately they are caught lying and they lose their credibility.

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I have to tell you, I'm not a conspiracy theorist.

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I don't believe it.

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But when you see some of the things that have gone on in this country.

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I say, why can't we have prosperity built on peace rather than prosperity built on wealth?

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I think some of his advisers were really hard-nosed, semi-Nazis.

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It's a conspiracy. I'm an innocent bystander.

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You ain't seen nothing yet.

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You're suppressing the conspiracy.

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You're part of the mainstream conspiracy.

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If you work for NBC, it's GE-

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What the conspiracy is about.

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It depends upon what the meaning of the word is.

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Billy Mills said, there's no doubt in my mind that he was shot because of the positions he has taken.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Some say that it is useless to speak of peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Too many think it is unreal.

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Peace.

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Too many of us think it is impossible.

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Peace.

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Peace.

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Peace and freedom.

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Peace.

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And freedom.

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Freedom and peace.

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Peace and freedom.

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Not peace at the expense of freedom, but both peace and freedom.

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Genuine peace.

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Genuine peace.

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In a just and genuine peace.

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Means of assuring peace.

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World peace.

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World peace like community peace.

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A world of peace.

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Pursuing the paths of peace.

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The strategy of peace.

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For peace is a process.

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There is no single simple key to this peace.

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Universal peace and goodwill.

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Peace need not be impractical.

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And war need not be inevitable.

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We must therefore persevere in the search for peace.

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First examine our attitude towards peace itself.

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I realize the pursuit of peace is not as dramatic as the pursuit of war.

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And frequently the words of the pursuers fall on deaf ears.

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But we have no more urgent task.

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I speak of peace therefore as the necessary rational end of rational man.

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Bring peace to them.

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A peaceful revolution for human rights.

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For too long my country, the wealthiest nation in a continent which is not wealthy,

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failed to carry out its full responsibilities to its sister republics.

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We have now accepted that responsibility.

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In the same way those who possess wealth and power in poor nations must accept their own

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responsibilities.

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They must lead the fight for those basic reforms which alone can preserve the fabric of their

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societies.

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Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable.

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Here at home the future is equally revolutionary.

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The New Deal and the Fair Deal were bold measures for their generation.

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But now this is a new generation.

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The administration has failed to recognize, has failed to recognize that in these changing

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times with a revolution of rising expectations sweeping the globe the United States has lost

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its image as a new strong vital revolutionary society.

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The long view shows us that the revolution of national independence is a fundamental

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fact of our era.

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This revolution will not be stopped.

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I believe in an America that is officially neither Catholic, Protestant nor Jewish,

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when no public official either requests or accepts instructions on public policy from

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the Pope, the National Council of Churches, or any other ecclesiastical source.

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When no religious body seeks to impose its will directly or indirectly upon the general

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populace or the public acts of its officials.

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When no church or church school is granted any public funds or political preference.

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We need a permanent unemployment insurance program so that there are those who want to

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work, those who want to work and confine the children will not be shifted and living on a

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marginal income without hope for themselves.

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These are things which other countries in Western Europe did 30 or 40 years ago.

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Great Britain and we regard ourselves as a progressive society had these provisions

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at the time of the First World War.

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And yet this is suggested as a most radical proposal.

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We have to in the next eight years build as many school buildings as we build in our entire

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history.

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And yet we have found it extremely difficult to secure support for this vital program.

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We cannot leave the 17 million people who have retired and who may become ill.

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If they have no money, under the legislation now on the books, they have a chance to receive

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some as integers.

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But that is not the way we believe it should be done.

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And if their son happens to have some money in the bank, they do not qualify.

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And he goes and pays out and it may break him at a time when he has responsibilities

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to his children.

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Why it is so difficult to secure passage of a minimum wage paying somebody in interstate

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commerce a dollar or a dollar 10 or 15 cents, I do not understand.

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But it is regarded in some circles as highly radical and highly inflationary.

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For the first time, unemployed men can retire at 62.

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For the first time, and I do not regard this as a particularly radical proposal,

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dependent children can receive aid for the first time in our history without the wage

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earner deserting his family.

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In the old days, before this act was passed, if a child was undernourished, it was necessary

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for the wage earner to desert his wife and family in order that those children should

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qualify for assistance.

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But last year, that was changed.

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The President's willingness to abandon tradition was responsible, in part, for his failure to

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succeed with the business community in spite of efforts of conciliation.

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I do not remember the figures exactly, but the President was not extremely popular in

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Texas, nor was he in the country.

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I am delighted to have a chance to say a few words about this administration's policy,

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which has been the subject of a good deal of discussion, acrimony, and controversy

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on wages and prices and profits.

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Now, I know there are some people who say that this is not any business of the President

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of the United States, and who believe that the President of the United States should

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be the honorary chairman of a great fraternal organization and confine himself to ceremonial

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functions.

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That is not what the Constitution says.

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And I did not run for President of the United States to fulfill that office in that way.

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Harry Truman once said, there are 14 or 15 million Americans who have the resources

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to have representatives in Washington to protect their interests, and that the interests

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of the great mass of the other people, 150 or 60 million, is the responsibility of the

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President of the United States.

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And I propose to fulfill it.

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Then I believe it is the business of the President of the United States to concern

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himself with the general welfare and the public interest.

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And if the people feel that it is not, then they should secure the services of a new

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President of the United States.

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He was not all that popular in the country, and his popularity had diminished considerably,

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as a matter of fact.

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Businessmen are welcome at the White House.

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And I welcome the chance to address business meetings such as this.

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Not because I expect that it will necessarily affect the results of the elections.

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But I do think it can affect what this country does.

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He was characterized as being anti-business, and part of that, I think, was the result

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of his actions with respect to steel prices.

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The simultaneous and identical actions of United States Steel and other leading steel

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corporations, increasing steel prices by some $6 a ton, constitute a wholly unjustifiable

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and irresponsible defiance of the public interest.

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In this serious hour in our nation's history, when we are confronted with grave crises in

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Berlin and Southeast Asia, when we are devoting our energies to economic recovery and stability,

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when we are asking reservists to leave their homes and families for months on end,

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and servicemen to risk their lives, and four were killed in the last two days in Vietnam,

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and asking union members to hold down their wage requests,

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at a time when restraint and sacrifice are being asked of every citizen,

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the American people will find it hard, as I do, to accept a situation in which a tiny

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handful of steel executives, whose pursuit of private power and profit

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exceeds their sense of public responsibility, can show such utter contempt for the interests

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of 185 million Americans. A few gigantic corporations have decided to increase prices

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in Ruth Lister's regard of their public responsibilities.

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Some time ago, I asked each American to consider what he would do for his country,

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and I asked the steel company. In the last 24 hours, we had their answer.

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I realize that there are some businessmen who feel only they want to be left alone,

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that government and politics are none of their affairs, that the balance sheet and profit rate

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of their own corporation are more important than the worldwide balance of power

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or the nationwide rate of unemployment, but I hope it's not rushing the season to recall to you the

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passage from Dickens' Christmas Carol, in which Ebeneezer Scrooge is terrified by the ghost

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of his former partner, Jacob Marley, and Scrooge, appalled by Marley's story of ceaseless wandering,

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cries out, but you were always a good man of business, Jacob. And the ghost of Marley,

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his legs bound by a chain of ledger books and cash boxes, replied, business,

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mankind was my business. The common welfare was my business. Charity, mercy, forbearance,

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and benevolence were all my business. The dealings of my trade were but a drop of water

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in the comprehensive ocean of my business. Members and guests of the Florida State Chamber of

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Commerce, whether we work in the White House or the State House or in a house of industry or commerce,

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mankind is our business. And if we work in harmony, if we understand the problems of each other

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and the responsibilities that each of us bears, then surely the business of mankind will prosper.

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And your children and mine will move ahead in a secure world,

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and one in which there's opportunity for them all. Thank you. No one was more hostile than the

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Southerners of the far right. Not only were the Kennedys showing themselves soft on communism

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and in favor of civil rights for black citizens throughout the South, but Kennedy had hurt their

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pockets by scaling back oil depletion tax credits. But Texas was home to Kennedy's most dangerous

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opponents. Oil millionaires and billionaires in Texas were petrified of one major factor

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that John F. Kennedy was considering, cutting the oil depletion allowance, and there was no way

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they were going to allow that. Essentially, they would save billions of dollars if it stays

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as it is. It was called a 27.5% oil depletion allowance. John Kennedy thought it was too liberal.

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If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.

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Big business is using the stock market slump as a means of forcing you to come to terms with

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business. Their attitude is, now we have you where they want you. Have you seen any reflection of

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this attitude? I can't believe I'm where a business, big business wants me.

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We are anxious to live in harmony with the Russian people.

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Communism in reality is not a political party. It is a way of life, an evil and malignant way of

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life. It reveals a condition akin to disease that spreads like an epidemic, and like an epidemic,

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a quarantine is necessary to keep it from infecting this nation.

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A warning to the American people not to fall into the same trap as the Soviets,

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not to see only a distorted and desperate view of the other side,

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not to see conflict as inevitable, accommodation as impossible, and communication

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as nothing more than an exchange of threats. No government or social system is so evil

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that its people must be considered as lacking in virtue.

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The hard reality of life in much of Latin America will not be solved simply by complaining about

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Castro, by blaming all problems on communism or generals or nationalism. The Republican national

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chairman has said that your administration's attitude in general is one of appeasement for

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communism throughout the world. Do you have any comment on this criticism by top spokesmen

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of the opposition party? No, I don't. It still hailed the Russian people

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for their many achievements in science and space, in economic and industrial growth, in culture,

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in acts of courage. Among the many traits the peoples of our two countries have in common,

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none is stronger than our mutual abhorrence of war. Almost unique among the major world powers,

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we have never been at war with each other. And no nation in the history of battle

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ever suffered more than the Soviet Union in the Second World War. At least 20 million lost their

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lives. Countless millions of homes and families were burned or sacked. A third of the nation's

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territory, including two-thirds of its industrial base, was turned into a wasteland,

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a loss equivalent to the destruction of this country, east of Chicago. Our primary long-range

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interest in Geneva, however, is general and complete disarmament, designed to take place

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by stages, permitting parallel political developments to build the new institutions of peace.

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That both sides begin anew the quest for peace. Before the dark powers of destruction,

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unleashed by science, engulf all humanity. It is therefore our intention

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to challenge the Soviet Union not to an arms race, but to a peace race.

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Let us call a truce to terror. The logical place to begin

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is a treaty assuring the end of nuclear tests of all kinds, in every environment,

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under workable control. We also proposed a mutual ban on atmospheric testing

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without inspection or control, in order to save the human race from the poison of radioactive

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fallout. Together we shall save our planet, or together we shall perish in its flame.

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By March 1954, the brush fire war in Indochina was almost eight years old,

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and the French position had deteriorated.

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Hoping to draw the communist guerrillas into decisive open battle, the French made a stand

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at the fortress of Dien Bien Phu. But by mid-March, the French forces were surrounded and cut off.

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Military aid from the United States had made it possible for France to maintain the war.

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But in spite of an ever-increasing flow of supplies, the French cause appeared doomed.

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The question of American military intervention was raised.

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This might have serious risks, but these risks are far less than would face us a few years from

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now if we dare not be resolute today.

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Senator Kennedy felt otherwise.

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I am reluctant to make any statement which may be misinterpreted as unappreciative of the gallant

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French struggle of Dien Bien Phu and elsewhere. But the speeches of President Eisenhower and

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Secretary Dulles and others have left too much unsaid. For if the American people are for the

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fourth time in this century to travel the long and tortuous

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road of war, particularly a war which we now realize would threaten the survival of civilization,

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then I believe we have a right to inquire in detail into the nature of the struggle in which

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we may become engaged. Certainly, I for one favor a policy of United Action by many nations,

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whenever necessary, to achieve a military and political victory for the free world in that area.

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Realizing that the United States is a very important country, I am very pleased to be

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realizing full well that it may require some commitment of manpower. But to pour money,

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material, and men into the jungles of Indochina without at least a remote prospect of victory

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would be dangerously futile and self-destructive. Of course, all discussions of United Action assume

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the inevitability of such victory. But such assumptions are not unlike similar predictions

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of confidence which have lulled the American people for many years. I am frankly of the

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belief that no amount of American military assistance in Indochina can conquer an enemy

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which is everywhere and at the same time nowhere, an enemy of the people which has the sympathy and

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covert support of the people. If the French persist in their refusal to grant the legitimate

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independence and freedom desired by the peoples of the associated states, and if those peoples and

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the other peoples of Asia remain aloof from the conflict as they have in the past, then it is my

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hope that Secretary Dulles will recognize the futility of channeling American men and machines

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into that hopeless struggle. I think that we should have insisted four or five years ago that

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the French get out of French Indochina and commit a free native government to step up as to set up

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as we did in Indonesia in the case of the Dutch. Military action in Indochina. French regulars land

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along the coast in search of roving communist bands. For France, it represents a tremendous

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sacrifice of manpower and financial resources. Without American help, the burden would be too

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great. I think perhaps if we go over to the map here, I can indicate to you why it is so vitally

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important. Here is Indochina. If Indochina falls, Thailand is put in almost impossible position.

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Nixon becomes one of the first hawks to warn of the domino effect of communist aggression.

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Indochina is the only way to stop the

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Nixon is one of the first to favor military intervention, but President Eisenhower won't

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commit troops to a ground war in Asia. Nixon supports the use of tactical nuclear weapons,

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but Ike says the sun is still shining. The NBN foo isn't the end of the world.

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The NBN foo falls. The French surrender.

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In Geneva, a peace conference leaves Vietnam divided into a communist North and a non-communist

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South, but there is to be no peace in Vietnam. Under pressure of growing communist aggression,

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the flow of American equipment and advisors has increased. In the 1950s, Nixon backs the deployment

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of American military advisors to South Vietnam. Superior equipment and mobility are used to

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full advantage to carry the fight to the enemy. Swiftly, wherever his presence becomes known.

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If Indochina goes, several things happen right away. The crop peninsula, the last little bit of

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end hanging on down there would be scarcely defensible. The tin and the tungsten that we

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so greatly value from that area would cease coming. The letters and the reports we had on

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Ho Chi Minh's attitude back in 1946, he wrote, I think it was seven letters to this government

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and received no reply. The the the the the pay cost almost, the the sadness that here's a man who

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felt and believed the United States would be sympathetic to his purpose of gaining his

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independence from a colonial power and then to find we, you know, he this is what he'd read.

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He'd been here. He'd read our constitution and our declaration of independence. He thought

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surely the United States would be interested. We had testimony in the committee that his one

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worry was that it was so insignificant. Vietnam was so far away and so insignificant. We would

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never bother about it. It's too too small for to ever attract the attention of the United States.

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He was sure in his own mind that if we would ever put our minds and focus upon it,

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we would be for him. How different history would have been for us and for them if we had felt a

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common interest in a colonial province like Vietnam seeking its independence of France.

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Colonel Fletcher Prouty. At the time of the Kennedy assassination, I was the chief of special

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operations in the joint staff working for the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Special operations in

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those days was a euphemism for the military support of the clandestine operations of CIA

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around the world. Prouty was an insider who claimed that while some in the Pentagon were

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gearing up for war, he was secretly helping President Kennedy plan for peace. But during

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the summer, July, August, and September, he had a very experienced group of people

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work on his new policy for Vietnam. It was published in October and it was called the

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National Security Action Memorandum number 263. And that memorandum signed under the

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direction of the President was to bring men home by Christmas and get everybody out by 1965.

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What we're looking at here are approximately 15,000 pages of documents on Kennedy's Vietnam

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policies that I've collected from all the archives in the United States. In some cases,

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and many of them are newly declassified. In a new book, JFK and Vietnam, military historian

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major John Newman offers his conclusions about Kennedy's Vietnam policy. I don't think there's

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any doubt that JFK was pulling out of Vietnam when he was killed. And I think because the

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most fundamental tenet of his policy was no combat troops, and we know that Johnson put in

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combat troops, I feel it's safe to say that the assassination led directly to the escalation of

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the war. Did that policy change after the assassination? Only four days later. What

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happened? Four days later, under Lyndon Johnson, they issued a new National Security Action

340
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Memorandum number 273, which began a modest change. Then in March of 64, another memorandum, 288,

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began the attacks on North Vietnam and the escalation of the war. And in my last conversation

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with him, I'll always remember it, he said, as soon as the election is over, I'm going to get

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the boys out of Vietnam. To myself, I've always said there would have been never that great

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disaster that we had, the loss of lives that he had, and he lived. Newman's research has led him

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to believe that Kennedy may have been feigning right to move left, supporting the war publicly

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while privately planning to withdraw. By 1963, Kennedy had a problem. That problem was his

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re-election. You have to reconcile this public record, and the public record itself is ambiguous,

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because Kennedy makes statements, the Cronkite one, which appear to be, you know, it's their war,

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they'll have to fight it, and then there are these many public statements that indicate

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we should stay the force. It's their war. They're the ones who have to win it or lose it. We can

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help them. We can give them equipment. We can send our men out there as advisors, but they have to

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win it, the people of Vietnam, against the communists. But I don't agree with those who

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say we should withdraw. That'd be a great mistake. That'd be a great mistake. I know

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people don't like Americans to be engaged in this kind of an effort. 47 Americans have been killed

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in combat with the enemy. It's what I would have expected him to say as a political statement,

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whether he was considering withdrawal or not. He would say he was not.

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In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence,

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whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex.

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President Eisenhower warned the nation of the dangers of the military-industrial complex.

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A permanent war economy was their business, with billions at stake.

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Would you give us your appraisal of the situation in South Vietnam now since the coup and the

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purposes for the Honolulu conference? Because we do have a new situation and a new government

363
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attempt to assess the situation, what American policy should be, what our aid policy should be,

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how we can intensify the struggle, how we can bring Americans out of there. Now that is our

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object to bring Americans home. October 2nd, I had returned from Vietnam.

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At that time, we had 16,000 military advisors.

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I recommended to President Kennedy and to the Security Council that we establish a plan and

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an objective of removing all of them within two years. Kennedy announced we were going to pull

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out all of our military advisors by the end of 65, we're going to take a thousand out at the end

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of 63, and we did. The way that struck people who were leaning toward the profits and the benefits

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of the Vietnam War was really unimaginable. You can't imagine. So a power elite coalesces. They

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don't have to vote, and among them they say, you know, that guy's got a goal.

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Is there any speed up in the withdrawal from Vietnam?

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As you know, when Secretary McNamara and General Taylor came back, they announced that

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we would expect to withdraw a thousand men from South Vietnam before the end of the year.

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So

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we're

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going to be

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trying to get one the other day.

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We sang three hymns and had a nice prayer. I turned around and looked at their faces,

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and they were, I was just about, my feeling for America just soars because of their,

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the way they look, they look determined and reverent at the same time, but still they're

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a bloody good bunch of killers. Some people enjoy it, some don't. Some just go out and do it as a job.

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It's a daily grind. What is it to you? I enjoy it.

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I'm here.

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The history of conflict among nations does not record another such lengthy and consistent

387
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chronicle of error as we have shown in Vietnam.

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Throughout the war in Vietnam, the United States has exercised a degree of restraint

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unprecedented in the annals of war.

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So

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as a result of what we have done in South Vietnam, not only has the psychology changed there,

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but also it has had a most beneficial effect in my opinion, among other free Asian countries

393
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who looked at South Vietnam as a test.

394
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Bob? Yes, Mr. President. I hate to modify your speech,

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and it's been a good one, but I just wondered if we should

396
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find two minutes in there for Vietnam. You know, the problem is what you're saying about it.

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All right, I'll tell you what I would say about it. I would say that we have a commitment

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to Vietnamese freedom. We could pull out of there, the dominoes would fall,

399
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and that part of the world would do us a favor.

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After reviewing the situation in Vietnam, McNamara recommended that to avert certain

401
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defeat of the South, America must become directly involved in the war,

402
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starting with covert operations against North Vietnam.

403
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Johnson agreed. He approved a top secret program,

404
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codenamed OPLAN 34A, for commando raids on the North Vietnamese coast.

405
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A second, separate covert operation involved U.S. Navy destroyers,

406
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specially fitted out to gather electronic intelligence.

407
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Codenamed De Soto patrols, they would operate in the same general area,

408
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in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the North Vietnamese coast.

409
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On July 31st, four assault craft left the OPLAN base at Da Nang, flying the stars and stripes.

410
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Once in North Vietnamese waters, the flags were stowed away.

411
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The commandos attacked radar stations on two offshore islands in the Gulf of Tonkin.

412
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Within hours, the U.S. destroyer Maddox, fitted out for a De Soto patrol,

413
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arrived in the Gulf, heading north toward the islands the commandos had just attacked.

414
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So, were these American operations intended to provoke North Vietnam?

415
00:38:51,020 --> 00:38:51,520
Yes.

416
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The North Vietnamese coast guard, John De Soto,

417
00:38:56,620 --> 00:38:56,620

418
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so I imagine they wanted to put a stop to it.

419
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So they come out there and fire, and we respond immediately.

420
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We cripple them up, and then we go right back where we were with that

421
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destroyer and with another and plus the plenty of planes, and we just, we hadn't pulled out,

422
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we pulled up.

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The officer commanding the De Soto patrol recommended pulling out.

424
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The answer was no.

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Instead, a second destroyer, the Turner Joy, joined the Maddox,

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and a second carrier, the Constellation, was sent to reinforce the Ticonderoga.

427
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In the next few hours, the gap between what actually happened at sea

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and what was alleged to have happened began to widen.

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The two destroyers were ordered to sail on a course that took them within 11 miles of the

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North Vietnamese coast and four miles of North Vietnam's offshore islands.

431
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There was no attempt at concealment.

432
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The operation would take place in full daylight.

433
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Swift and sure has been U.S. retaliation for communist PT boat attacks on the high seas.

434
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This is the Maddox, one of the two destroyers that were attacked while patrolling international

435
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waters in the Gulf of Tonkin near North Vietnam.

436
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Warplanes from two carriers, the Ticonderoga and the Constellation,

437
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avenged the unwarranted red assault with 64 sorties to North Vietnam PT bases.

438
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The U.S. sorties were launched for one purpose,

439
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as a warning to the communists that unprovoked attacks will bring prompt response.

440
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Renewed hostile actions against United States ships on the high seas in the Gulf of Tonkin

441
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have today required me to order the military forces of the United States to take action and reply.

442
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While the two destroyers were cruising in company on routine patrol duty in the Tonkin Gulf,

443
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in the Tonkin Gulf, in international waters, some 65 miles from the nearest point of land.

444
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They put out that propaganda, but they got caught.

445
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Because we were able to disclose within two days that if they would check upon the log

446
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of the Maddox, for example, they would find she was only 11 to 13 miles

447
00:42:07,340 --> 00:42:09,100
from the bombing of those islands.

448
00:42:09,180 --> 00:42:10,540
And of course that's coverage.

449
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And the North Vietnamese knew that it was coverage.

450
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Do our naval vessels afford any cover for these?

451
00:42:17,340 --> 00:42:21,340
Our naval vessels afford no cover whatsoever.

452
00:42:21,340 --> 00:42:27,900
Sad fact is, history will record that the United States was an aggressor in Tonkin Bay.

453
00:42:27,900 --> 00:42:30,060
We were violating the rights of North Vietnam.

454
00:42:30,060 --> 00:42:37,900
Had no right to proceed on the second day to ourselves bomb North Vietnam.

455
00:42:37,900 --> 00:42:43,180
The areas where her torpedo boats were kept, but we had a duty.

456
00:42:43,180 --> 00:42:44,460
That wasn't self-defense.

457
00:42:45,340 --> 00:42:49,100
Bombing, bombing North Vietnam was not within the right of the president

458
00:42:49,100 --> 00:42:51,180
to act in self-defense of the Republic.

459
00:42:53,260 --> 00:42:58,940
My duties on board the seaplane tender were nuclear weapons officer.

460
00:43:00,780 --> 00:43:07,740
On August 4th, there was an alleged attack on the USS Maddox and Turner Joy.

461
00:43:07,900 --> 00:43:10,780
Two of our destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.

462
00:43:11,660 --> 00:43:18,220
In the course of our conversation, this chief petty officer told me that he was a sonar man

463
00:43:18,220 --> 00:43:24,780
on board the USS Maddox and that he had been in sonar, the sonar room during the attack.

464
00:43:25,660 --> 00:43:33,260
He told me that in his estimation, there were no torpedoes fired at the ship or otherwise

465
00:43:33,900 --> 00:43:35,340
during that alleged attack.

466
00:43:35,900 --> 00:43:39,420
And furthermore, he constantly repeated this,

467
00:43:41,020 --> 00:43:44,060
sent this information to the commanding officer on the bridge.

468
00:43:45,740 --> 00:43:48,540
The North Vietnamese have no submarines.

469
00:43:48,540 --> 00:43:50,540
What is the purpose of that movement?

470
00:43:50,540 --> 00:43:55,980
It's purely precautionary so that the fleet will be prepared for all eventualities.

471
00:43:55,980 --> 00:43:58,140
What sort of eventualities, General?

472
00:43:58,140 --> 00:43:59,820
Possible submarine attack.

473
00:43:59,820 --> 00:44:00,320
By whom?

474
00:44:01,660 --> 00:44:02,780
By anyone.

475
00:44:02,780 --> 00:44:06,540
You always contended that in the first incident they were having...

476
00:44:06,540 --> 00:44:12,140
I'm contending that having the Maddox and the Joy there constituted,

477
00:44:13,020 --> 00:44:16,780
in view of the knowledge as to what the South Vietnamese boats were up to,

478
00:44:16,780 --> 00:44:19,100
an act of constructive aggression on our part.

479
00:44:20,860 --> 00:44:24,780
Johnson had signed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution on August 10th,

480
00:44:24,780 --> 00:44:26,940
just a week after the so-called incident.

481
00:44:27,500 --> 00:44:30,460
Black check his administration was later to call

482
00:44:30,460 --> 00:44:33,020
the functional equivalent of a declaration of war.

483
00:44:33,580 --> 00:44:39,660
And I pledge to all Americans to use those powers with all the wisdom

484
00:44:40,540 --> 00:44:43,100
and the judgment that God grants to me.

485
00:44:44,540 --> 00:44:47,580
Standing behind the president was Senator William Fulbright.

486
00:44:49,900 --> 00:44:51,980
He'd steered the resolution through Congress,

487
00:44:52,620 --> 00:44:56,300
acting in the belief, he said later, that in its dealings with Congress,

488
00:44:56,300 --> 00:44:57,900
the White House told the truth.

489
00:44:58,300 --> 00:45:02,220
You've got to remember that Senator Fulbright was a politician of the old school.

490
00:45:02,220 --> 00:45:09,020
He was a gentleman, and he just did not believe that his president, his secretary of state,

491
00:45:09,020 --> 00:45:14,620
and the secretary of defense would deceive him and try to pull the wool over his eyes

492
00:45:14,620 --> 00:45:19,020
and asking for his support for a matter of this nature.

493
00:45:19,980 --> 00:45:22,700
He was deceived and he felt very, very badly,

494
00:45:22,700 --> 00:45:26,220
but it's the worst incident, he said, that ever happened to him in his career.

495
00:45:26,220 --> 00:45:30,380
We always hesitate the public to use the dirty word lies, but a lie is a lie.

496
00:45:30,380 --> 00:45:32,380
I mean, it's a misrepresentation of fact.

497
00:45:34,140 --> 00:45:37,260
And it's supposed to be a criminal act if it's done under oath.

498
00:45:38,940 --> 00:45:40,940
Mr. Johnson didn't say it under oath.

499
00:45:40,940 --> 00:45:44,460
He just said it. We didn't, we don't usually have a president under oath.

500
00:45:45,100 --> 00:45:47,660
After midnight, while the air attacks were still underway,

501
00:45:47,660 --> 00:45:50,380
a buoyant McNamara briefed Pentagon reporters.

502
00:45:51,180 --> 00:45:54,540
Scribing the attacks on the destroyers as entirely unprovoked

503
00:45:54,540 --> 00:45:58,540
he claimed that throughout their patrol the two destroyers had remained at a distance

504
00:45:58,540 --> 00:46:01,580
of at least 30 miles from North Vietnam's coast.

505
00:46:01,580 --> 00:46:07,100
Omitting to mention that only that morning he told the president their limit was 11 miles.

506
00:46:07,100 --> 00:46:14,220
The course of our destroyers operating 30, 40, to 60 miles off the coast of North Vietnam,

507
00:46:14,220 --> 00:46:17,100
international waters, moving southward.

508
00:46:17,580 --> 00:46:21,740
It was a confident performance until a reporter strayed into dangerous waters.

509
00:46:21,740 --> 00:46:27,100
Give us the basic reasons for the Gulf of Tonkin patrol.

510
00:46:29,100 --> 00:46:33,100
It's a routine patrol of the type we carry out in international waters all over the world.

511
00:46:33,100 --> 00:46:39,100
Does it have anything to do with movements of jumps or whatever it is?

512
00:46:39,100 --> 00:46:47,100
No, there has no special relationship to any operations in that area.

513
00:46:47,260 --> 00:46:53,260
We're carrying routine patrols of this kind on all over the world all the time.

514
00:46:53,260 --> 00:46:57,260
Do you have any idea why the North Vietnamese may have done this?

515
00:46:57,260 --> 00:46:59,260
None.

516
00:46:59,260 --> 00:47:04,300
The following morning, August 5th, McNamara was announcing details of the ample forces

517
00:47:04,300 --> 00:47:08,300
he had promised the president before the second supposed attack had even begun.

518
00:47:08,300 --> 00:47:13,260
Last night I announced that moves were underway to reinforce our forces in the Pacific area.

519
00:47:13,420 --> 00:47:19,420
An attack carrier group has been transferred from the first fleet on the Pacific coast

520
00:47:19,420 --> 00:47:21,420
to the Western Pacific.

521
00:47:21,420 --> 00:47:25,420
Secondly, interceptor and fighter bomber aircraft have been moved into South Vietnam.

522
00:47:25,420 --> 00:47:31,420
Thirdly, fighter bomber aircraft have been moved into Thailand.

523
00:47:31,420 --> 00:47:37,420
Fourthly, interceptor and fighter bomber squadrons have been transferred from the United States

524
00:47:37,420 --> 00:47:39,420
and the United States.

525
00:47:39,580 --> 00:47:43,580
Fifthly, interceptor and fighter bomber squadrons have been transferred from the United States

526
00:47:43,580 --> 00:47:45,580
into advanced bases in the Pacific.

527
00:47:45,580 --> 00:47:51,580
Fifthly, an anti-submarine task force group has been moved into the South China Sea.

528
00:47:51,580 --> 00:47:59,580
And finally, selected army and marine forces have been alerted and ready for movement.

529
00:47:59,580 --> 00:48:05,580
As the juggernaut rolled into action, truth was the first casualty.

530
00:48:05,740 --> 00:48:09,740
John Johnson wanted the assent of Congress with a minimum of debate or qualification.

531
00:48:11,740 --> 00:48:16,740
He was beside himself when the loquacious Senator Hubert Humphrey, the man he planned

532
00:48:16,740 --> 00:48:21,740
to make his running mate in the coming presidential election, talked about the commando raids

533
00:48:21,740 --> 00:48:23,740
in public.

534
00:48:23,740 --> 00:48:29,740
Johnson, determined to protect the authorized version of events, called a mutual friend.

535
00:48:29,900 --> 00:48:30,900
Mr. Vowell.

536
00:48:30,900 --> 00:48:31,900
Hello.

537
00:48:31,900 --> 00:48:32,900
Jim.

538
00:48:32,900 --> 00:48:33,900
Yes, Mr. President.

539
00:48:33,900 --> 00:48:34,900
How you doing?

540
00:48:34,900 --> 00:48:35,900
I'm doing fine.

541
00:48:35,900 --> 00:48:36,900
You?

542
00:48:36,900 --> 00:48:37,900
Pretty good.

543
00:48:37,900 --> 00:48:46,900
I don't know how to get this message over, but this boy, our friend Hubert, is just destroying

544
00:48:46,900 --> 00:48:48,900
himself with his big mouth.

545
00:48:48,900 --> 00:48:55,900
He went on the TV and every person in town that's handling war plans, it just scared

546
00:48:56,060 --> 00:49:02,060
them to death because he just blabbed everything that he had heard in a briefing, just like

547
00:49:02,060 --> 00:49:04,060
it was his personal knowledge.

548
00:49:04,060 --> 00:49:11,060
They said, for instance, how would you account for these peteable attack on our destroyers

549
00:49:13,060 --> 00:49:17,060
when we're innocently out there in the Gulf, 60 miles from shore?

550
00:49:17,060 --> 00:49:23,060
Humphrey said, well, we have been carrying on some operations in that area, and we've

551
00:49:23,220 --> 00:49:27,220
been having some covert operations where we have been going in and knocking out roads

552
00:49:27,220 --> 00:49:34,220
and petroleum tanks and so forth, and that's exactly what we have been doing.

553
00:49:42,020 --> 00:49:47,340
In their drive for world domination, the communists have identified different levels of possible

554
00:49:47,340 --> 00:49:50,740
conflict to exploit.

555
00:49:50,740 --> 00:49:55,740
Khrushchev speaks of war and peace in the light of what he calls the new means of mass

556
00:49:55,740 --> 00:49:56,740
destruction.

557
00:49:56,740 --> 00:50:03,260
But Khrushchev recognizes another category, which he calls wars of liberation and popular

558
00:50:03,260 --> 00:50:08,460
revolt, but which we prefer to call subversion and covert aggression.

559
00:50:08,460 --> 00:50:13,460
It is these wars which Khrushchev says are not only admissible, but inevitable.

560
00:50:14,180 --> 00:50:21,180
A free world's answer, tested during a year in Vietnam, is counterinsurgency.

561
00:50:26,340 --> 00:50:31,220
At the request of the South Vietnamese government, we are helping peace-loving people learn

562
00:50:31,220 --> 00:50:34,940
how to defend themselves.

563
00:50:34,940 --> 00:50:39,700
Here in a remote setting, there is new emphasis on the importance of the individual fighting

564
00:50:40,020 --> 00:50:46,020
man, as a teacher, as well as a leader.

565
00:50:46,020 --> 00:50:51,420
Our troops are here to advise and train the South Vietnamese, but fight only to defend

566
00:50:51,420 --> 00:50:56,060
themselves, on assignments which often take them into the midst of a bitter and dangerous

567
00:50:56,060 --> 00:50:59,940
struggle.

568
00:50:59,940 --> 00:51:06,940
In this conflict, it is harder to find the enemy than to fight him.

569
00:51:07,940 --> 00:51:13,940
The plan to protect those who dwell in thousands of rural villages and towns resulted in the

570
00:51:13,940 --> 00:51:20,940
fortifying of approximately 5,000 communities in the first year.

571
00:51:21,620 --> 00:51:27,140
During an intensive visit to Southeast Asia, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara sees

572
00:51:27,140 --> 00:51:32,020
how the Fortified Hamlet program is working out.

573
00:51:32,020 --> 00:51:36,580
Teamwork and on-the-spot training call for dedication from the man in the field to the

574
00:51:36,580 --> 00:51:40,300
top commander, General Paul D. Harkins.

575
00:51:40,300 --> 00:51:46,220
The U.S. effort to our Vietnamese allies is a vast and comprehensive one.

576
00:51:46,220 --> 00:51:51,780
It involves political, economic, psychological, and military measures.

577
00:51:51,780 --> 00:51:56,260
All of the armed forces of the U.S. play a part.

578
00:51:56,260 --> 00:52:01,100
We've put over about 3 million of them into what I would call a concentration camp.

579
00:52:01,100 --> 00:52:02,700
They call it a refugee center.

580
00:52:03,180 --> 00:52:05,740
It's got barbed wire around it, you can't get out of it.

581
00:52:05,740 --> 00:52:11,020
Taking these people from the graves of their ancestors, from their rice paddies, and we

582
00:52:11,020 --> 00:52:16,060
say, oh well, we've pacified X million people, yeah, we've pacified some more people by

583
00:52:16,060 --> 00:52:18,780
putting them in these camps.

584
00:52:18,780 --> 00:52:25,700
America wins the wars that she undertakes, make no mistake about it.

585
00:52:25,700 --> 00:52:30,060
And we have declared war on tyranny and aggression.

586
00:52:30,460 --> 00:52:35,660
If this little nation goes down the drain and can't maintain her independence, ask yourself

587
00:52:35,660 --> 00:52:37,820
what's going to happen to all the other little nations.

588
00:52:41,340 --> 00:52:43,660
I'm Roger Hillsman.

589
00:52:43,660 --> 00:52:48,580
I was director of intelligence and research in the State Department under John F. Kennedy,

590
00:52:48,580 --> 00:52:53,340
and then assistant secretary of state for Far Eastern Affairs under Kennedy and for

591
00:52:53,340 --> 00:52:55,220
a while under President Johnson.

592
00:52:55,260 --> 00:53:00,380
There were two things that he very, very much wished to avoid.

593
00:53:00,380 --> 00:53:03,220
One was making this an American war.

594
00:53:03,220 --> 00:53:07,020
As he used to say, it's their war, the South Vietnamese.

595
00:53:07,020 --> 00:53:10,460
We can give them aid, we can even give them advisors.

596
00:53:10,460 --> 00:53:16,420
But they must win it or lose it, and I think he was fully prepared to let them lose it

597
00:53:16,420 --> 00:53:18,500
rather than make it an American war.

598
00:53:18,500 --> 00:53:22,700
He felt that if we put Americans in there, it would drive, with their white faces, it

599
00:53:22,700 --> 00:53:26,500
would drive nationalism into the arms of communism.

600
00:53:26,500 --> 00:53:30,980
The second thing he wished to avoid was internationalizing the war, as we called it.

601
00:53:30,980 --> 00:53:34,260
By this we meant bombing the North or attacking the North.

602
00:53:34,260 --> 00:53:36,740
First and foremost because it would not work.

603
00:53:36,740 --> 00:53:41,460
And here, 30 some odd months of bombing has shown that his judgment was right.

604
00:53:52,700 --> 00:53:59,700
Every day someone jumps up and shouts and says, tell us what is happening in Vietnam

605
00:54:04,500 --> 00:54:08,500
and why are we in Vietnam and how did you get us into Vietnam?

606
00:54:08,500 --> 00:54:13,660
I didn't get you into Vietnam.

607
00:54:13,660 --> 00:54:18,940
You've been in Vietnam 10 years.

608
00:54:18,940 --> 00:54:21,380
Johnson made it McNamara's war.

609
00:54:21,380 --> 00:54:25,300
I want them to get off their butts and get out in those jungles and whip hell out of

610
00:54:25,300 --> 00:54:30,020
some communists, he said.

611
00:54:30,020 --> 00:54:37,020
It is the melancholy law of human societies to be compelled sometimes to choose a great

612
00:54:37,900 --> 00:54:44,900
evil in order to ward off a greater evil.

613
00:54:45,900 --> 00:54:46,900
Lyndon Baines Johnson.

614
00:54:46,900 --> 00:54:52,300
Born in 1908, he grew up in a comfortable middle class home in Johnson City.

615
00:54:52,300 --> 00:54:56,660
At an early age, Lyndon showed a keen interest in politics.

616
00:54:56,660 --> 00:55:02,260
From the beginning he was driven by a determination to win, whatever the cost.

617
00:55:02,260 --> 00:55:03,780
In a word he was ruthless.

618
00:55:03,780 --> 00:55:08,700
There wasn't anything he wouldn't do to get what he wanted, regardless of what it was.

619
00:55:08,700 --> 00:55:13,460
And probably the best example would be in 1948 when he was running for the Senate and

620
00:55:13,460 --> 00:55:19,700
he was running against a man named Coke Stevenson and the election was very, very close.

621
00:55:19,700 --> 00:55:22,260
The race was so close there was no way to call it.

622
00:55:22,260 --> 00:55:25,420
The lead seesawed back and forth.

623
00:55:25,420 --> 00:55:27,620
I said I think you're going to win it.

624
00:55:27,620 --> 00:55:30,060
He said no, I think we've lost it.

625
00:55:30,060 --> 00:55:36,500
And I said no, it's going to be the reversal of 1941.

626
00:55:36,500 --> 00:55:41,020
Three days after the polls closed the votes were still coming in and Stevenson led by

627
00:55:41,020 --> 00:55:42,380
a handful.

628
00:55:42,380 --> 00:55:46,180
It looked as if Stevenson would be the new senator from Texas.

629
00:55:46,180 --> 00:55:48,820
But Johnson remembered 1941.

630
00:55:48,820 --> 00:55:51,380
He was not about to lose again.

631
00:55:51,380 --> 00:55:56,860
The election now hinged on the Duke of Duval County, George Parr, the man who controlled

632
00:55:56,860 --> 00:55:59,220
the votes in South Texas.

633
00:55:59,220 --> 00:56:04,500
George Parr controlled that county and those people voted the way he wanted them to vote.

634
00:56:04,500 --> 00:56:06,420
No question about that.

635
00:56:06,420 --> 00:56:07,420
None whatever.

636
00:56:07,420 --> 00:56:10,500
Now the candidates had nothing to do with it.

637
00:56:10,500 --> 00:56:14,780
In the nature of things you don't write down, bought these votes yesterday afternoon at

638
00:56:14,780 --> 00:56:15,780
four o'clock.

639
00:56:15,780 --> 00:56:20,300
But obviously there was some understanding between the Johnson people and the political

640
00:56:20,300 --> 00:56:23,900
bosses in South Texas.

641
00:56:23,900 --> 00:56:31,100
In the tiny South Texas town of Alice, six days after the polls had closed, 202 additional

642
00:56:31,100 --> 00:56:35,700
votes were reported from precinct box 13.

643
00:56:35,700 --> 00:56:39,620
When they were counted, all but two were for Lyndon Johnson.

644
00:56:39,620 --> 00:56:45,660
When the signatures of the 202 new voters were examined, some say the names were all

645
00:56:45,660 --> 00:56:49,420
written in the same ink and listed in alphabetical order.

646
00:56:49,420 --> 00:56:56,180
It did look to me like there had been a change in ink and it looked like 200 or 202 or 30

647
00:56:56,180 --> 00:57:03,860
names had been added to the poll list in a different ink by a different hand.

648
00:57:03,860 --> 00:57:09,380
Mr. Stevenson was an outraged man that felt like the election had been stolen from him

649
00:57:09,380 --> 00:57:13,380
and he felt like what he'd just seen was evidence of that.

650
00:57:13,380 --> 00:57:17,740
Stevenson challenged the election at the Texas State Democratic Convention.

651
00:57:17,740 --> 00:57:19,080
It was no use.

652
00:57:19,080 --> 00:57:22,220
The Johnson forces were too powerful.

653
00:57:22,220 --> 00:57:27,460
When it was all over, precinct box number 13 made the difference.

654
00:57:27,460 --> 00:57:30,460
Johnson won by 87 votes.

655
00:57:30,460 --> 00:57:33,460
But the question of a stolen election remained.

656
00:57:33,700 --> 00:57:38,820
19 years later, Ronnie Duggar met in the White House with President Lyndon Johnson

657
00:57:38,820 --> 00:57:42,000
and asked him about the election of 1948.

658
00:57:42,000 --> 00:57:47,820
One night up in his bedroom, he started laughing and he seemed to wonder if he could find something

659
00:57:47,820 --> 00:57:52,980
and he said he was going back into Bird's bedroom, which was next door, and he rummaged

660
00:57:52,980 --> 00:57:53,980
around in a closet.

661
00:57:53,980 --> 00:57:57,580
I think I could hear him rummaging around in the closet and he came in with this photograph

662
00:57:57,580 --> 00:58:04,980
of these five guys in front of this old car with box 13 balanced on the hood of it.

663
00:58:04,980 --> 00:58:07,700
I looked at him and grinned.

664
00:58:07,700 --> 00:58:10,500
He grinned back, but he wouldn't explain it to me.

665
00:58:10,500 --> 00:58:11,980
I asked him, well, who were these guys?

666
00:58:11,980 --> 00:58:15,460
Why did they have box 13 on the hood of this car?

667
00:58:15,460 --> 00:58:16,460
What did it mean?

668
00:58:16,460 --> 00:58:17,460
He just, nothing.

669
00:58:17,460 --> 00:58:18,460
He wouldn't say.

670
00:58:18,460 --> 00:58:21,940
And that stuck with him the rest of his life.

671
00:58:21,940 --> 00:58:27,940
That rigged ballad became the template for a political career based on bribery and corruption.

672
00:58:27,940 --> 00:58:34,140
The full extent of Johnson's criminal activity only began to unravel 11 years after his death.

673
00:58:34,140 --> 00:58:40,460
In 1984, at this courthouse in Franklin, Texas, a former Johnson business associate, Billy

674
00:58:40,460 --> 00:58:43,940
Solestes, appeared before a grand jury.

675
00:58:43,940 --> 00:58:51,700
According to Billy Solestes, there were eight murders perpetrated on the pot of Lyndon Johnson.

676
00:58:51,700 --> 00:58:54,620
The first name was a man named Douglas Kinza.

677
00:58:54,620 --> 00:59:00,600
That was followed by a number of men involved in Estes businesses who were corrupt and they

678
00:59:00,600 --> 00:59:03,180
were all killed with carbon monoxide.

679
00:59:03,180 --> 00:59:07,060
Josepha Johnson's name is listed on this Justice Department document.

680
00:59:07,060 --> 00:59:08,740
That's Lyndon Johnson's sister.

681
00:59:08,740 --> 00:59:13,280
So Estes is accusing the Vice President of the United States of murdering his own sister.

682
00:59:13,280 --> 00:59:17,980
And the eighth name listed is the President of the United States, John F. Kennedy.

683
00:59:17,980 --> 00:59:21,060
And then there is a promise of knowing more.

684
00:59:21,060 --> 00:59:25,540
And if Billy Solestes is telling the truth, and there is every reason to believe he is,

685
00:59:25,540 --> 00:59:31,860
it gives you an idea of the depth of the corruption and the ruthlessness of Lyndon Johnson.

686
00:59:31,860 --> 00:59:38,460
According to Estes' written testimony, that murderous cycle began in 1951 in Austin, Texas,

687
00:59:38,460 --> 00:59:42,480
at this downtown golf course known as Butler's Pitch and Putt.

688
00:59:42,480 --> 00:59:46,780
The killer was a Johnson henchman called Malcolm Wallace.

689
00:59:46,780 --> 00:59:50,220
Malcolm Wallace was born and raised in Texas.

690
00:59:50,220 --> 00:59:56,940
He was Texas bred, Texas educated, very intelligent man.

691
00:59:56,940 --> 01:00:00:03,940
And when he graduated from the University of Texas, he was evidently recruited by Lyndon

692
01:00:03,940 --> 01:00:09,900
Johnson and he was given a job at the Federal Department of Agriculture.

693
01:00:09,900 --> 01:00:14,700
John Douglas Kinza, the golf pro at Butler's Pitch and Putt, was having an affair with

694
01:00:14,700 --> 01:00:18,660
Wallace's wife and with Lyndon Johnson's sister.

695
01:00:18,860 --> 01:00:24,100
Lyndon Johnson's sister, Josepha, was an alcoholic, she was a drug user, she was sexually

696
01:00:24,100 --> 01:00:26,700
promiscuous, she had loose lips.

697
01:00:26,700 --> 01:00:33,700
And who knows what she might tell Kinza or others about Lyndon Johnson's political shenanigans.

698
01:00:36,020 --> 01:00:41,020
Malcolm Wallace walked into the Pitch and Putt golf course in Austin, Texas and was

699
01:00:41,020 --> 01:00:43,380
shot to death in cold blood.

700
01:00:43,380 --> 01:00:46,500
John Douglas Kinza.

701
01:00:46,540 --> 01:00:49,260
Kinza died here for his indiscretions.

702
01:00:49,260 --> 01:00:54,180
Wallace was soon arrested and went on trial in Austin three months later.

703
01:00:54,180 --> 01:00:56,860
First degree murder, open and shut case.

704
01:00:56,860 --> 01:01:00,860
He gets a lawyer known as a Lyndon Johnson lawyer.

705
01:01:00,860 --> 01:01:07,060
So Lyndon Johnson is going to do his best to get his friend out of hot water.

706
01:01:07,060 --> 01:01:14,060
During that trial, Lyndon Johnson took a room at a local hotel and the ten days that that

707
01:01:14,220 --> 01:01:20,220
trial was going, constantly sent runners from the hotel to the courthouse to bring

708
01:01:20,220 --> 01:01:23,180
him word of what was going on during the trial.

709
01:01:23,180 --> 01:01:26,340
So he followed the pulse of the trial very, very carefully.

710
01:01:26,340 --> 01:01:32,700
Malcolm Wallace is found guilty of first degree murder, but through influence of Lyndon Johnson,

711
01:01:32,700 --> 01:01:36,940
Malcolm Wallace receives a five year suspended sentence.

712
01:01:36,940 --> 01:01:42,660
Lyndon Johnson was able to get his man out of first degree murder.

713
01:01:42,660 --> 01:01:46,660
Much of the control Johnson exercised was acquired through an early alliance with a

714
01:01:46,660 --> 01:01:48,260
fellow Texan.

715
01:01:48,260 --> 01:01:53,900
Edward Clark gained unrivaled power in the late 1930s with a series of high positions

716
01:01:53,900 --> 01:01:55,780
in the state government.

717
01:01:55,780 --> 01:02:00,780
He became Johnson's lawyer and a formidable ally throughout his career.

718
01:02:00,780 --> 01:02:07,780
The power Edward Clark exercised covered almost every avenue of government power in the state

719
01:02:09,340 --> 01:02:10,860
of Texas.

720
01:02:10,860 --> 01:02:17,860
He would make sure that important appointments were covered by his men.

721
01:02:17,860 --> 01:02:21,660
The judge's control was through their vote.

722
01:02:21,660 --> 01:02:25,020
He had their decision in the palm of his hand.

723
01:02:25,020 --> 01:02:30,580
This was of course important because Austin was the capital of the state.

724
01:02:30,580 --> 01:02:36,020
Anything that happened legally went through Austin and that meant it went through Clark.

725
01:02:36,020 --> 01:02:39,780
He was known as the secret boss of Texas.

726
01:02:39,780 --> 01:02:46,780
He could and did arrange for people to be killed.

727
01:02:46,940 --> 01:02:50,660
He arranged for money to be laundered.

728
01:02:50,660 --> 01:02:53,740
He had that control.

729
01:02:53,740 --> 01:02:58,420
This building in downtown Austin became the headquarters of Edward Clark's all-powerful

730
01:02:58,420 --> 01:02:59,860
law firm.

731
01:02:59,860 --> 01:03:06,220
Barr McClellan was recruited as a young lawyer in 1966, three years after the assassination,

732
01:03:06,220 --> 01:03:09,460
unaware of the dark secrets hidden within.

733
01:03:09,700 --> 01:03:15,300
Soon after joining, in an after hours conversation with John Coates, one of the firm's attorneys,

734
01:03:15,300 --> 01:03:20,620
Barr was made privy to an astonishing piece of information.

735
01:03:20,620 --> 01:03:27,620
Coates and I started talking and in the course of it John told me, if the truth be told,

736
01:03:29,620 --> 01:03:34,900
Clark arranged the assassination of Kennedy.

737
01:03:34,900 --> 01:03:39,260
It was a kind of statement that you can't easily forget.

738
01:03:39,260 --> 01:03:46,260
Even though I personally chose not to believe it at the time, it'd stick with me.

739
01:03:46,260 --> 01:03:49,820
Attorneys know they're acting behind a privilege.

740
01:03:49,820 --> 01:03:51,860
They can say things to each other.

741
01:03:51,860 --> 01:04:01,860
And this talk would go on at after hours drinks, Christmas parties, just traveling on the road.

742
01:04:02,340 --> 01:04:07,340
And it was like Johnson had to get Kennedy out of the way.

743
01:04:07,340 --> 01:04:12,740
I worked closely with Don Thomas and Thomas was the business attorney to the president

744
01:04:12,740 --> 01:04:16,020
and was the second man in the law firm.

745
01:04:16,020 --> 01:04:22,340
Thomas and I did a number of cases together and we traveled the state because he did not

746
01:04:22,340 --> 01:04:24,020
fly.

747
01:04:24,020 --> 01:04:31,020
We'd been to Dallas one day shortly after I became partner and it was driving back and

748
01:04:32,100 --> 01:04:39,100
just out of the blue it seems now looking back, Thomas said, I am the only living man

749
01:04:40,100 --> 01:04:42,620
who knows what happened in Box 13.

750
01:04:42,620 --> 01:04:44,540
Now we know what that meant.

751
01:04:44,540 --> 01:04:49,100
That was the stolen 1948 election.

752
01:04:49,100 --> 01:04:51,300
I didn't say anything.

753
01:04:51,300 --> 01:04:54,620
Sometimes it's best just to listen.

754
01:04:54,620 --> 01:05:01,620
And then he looked away and added, but Clark took care of things in Dallas.

755
01:05:02,300 --> 01:05:08,060
At that point, what I'd been hearing in the law firm, what John Coates first told me,

756
01:05:08,060 --> 01:05:15,060
I knew was true because this came from a man that was Johnson's business attorney,

757
01:05:16,500 --> 01:05:21,620
one of Johnson's most trusted confidants, a man who worked very closely with Johnson

758
01:05:21,620 --> 01:05:28,620
during his maturing years, his growing up years so to speak, and his president.

759
01:05:29,380 --> 01:05:36,380
And when I heard that, there was no question that Clark had been behind the assassination

760
01:05:38,420 --> 01:05:43,300
and he'd done it for Johnson.

761
01:05:43,300 --> 01:05:50,300
I know beyond a reasonable doubt that Johnson murdered Kennedy.

762
01:05:51,260 --> 01:05:53,980
He acted through Clark.

763
01:05:53,980 --> 01:06:00,980
He saw that it was done and he did it out of a corruption of power that is unequaled

764
01:06:02,980 --> 01:06:05,620
in our history.

765
01:06:05,620 --> 01:06:11,500
After becoming a senator in 1948, Johnson developed an unrivaled power base in Washington

766
01:06:11,500 --> 01:06:17,220
using his forceful personality, political skills, and corruption.

767
01:06:17,220 --> 01:06:21,540
He established himself as one of the most influential men in the nation, but as vice

768
01:06:21,580 --> 01:06:25,580
president to Kennedy, he lost much of that authority.

769
01:06:25,580 --> 01:06:29,220
By 1961, his past was catching up with him.

770
01:06:29,220 --> 01:06:35,220
In Texas, Henry Marshall, a local agricultural official, had begun investigating one of Johnson's

771
01:06:35,220 --> 01:06:39,140
illegal sources of funding.

772
01:06:39,140 --> 01:06:43,900
Working out of these offices in Bryan, Texas, Marshall had become aware of Billy Solesti's

773
01:06:43,900 --> 01:06:47,980
misappropriation of federal cotton allotment funds.

774
01:06:47,980 --> 01:06:51,780
His attempts to buy off Marshall had failed and his investigations were beginning to

775
01:06:51,780 --> 01:06:55,740
threaten the vice president himself.

776
01:06:55,740 --> 01:07:00,060
Billy Solesti's became worried, Lyndon Johnson became worried, and some of them got together

777
01:07:00,060 --> 01:07:03,020
and decided what are we going to do with Henry Marshall.

778
01:07:03,020 --> 01:07:08,340
So on one particular day, according to Billy Solesti's, Billy Solesti's, Cliff Carter,

779
01:07:08,340 --> 01:07:13,020
an aide to Lyndon Johnson, Lyndon Johnson, the vice president of the United States, and

780
01:07:13,020 --> 01:07:15,340
Malcolm Wallace got together.

781
01:07:15,340 --> 01:07:19,340
And finally, Lyndon made the statement, get rid of him.

782
01:07:19,340 --> 01:07:23,980
On June the 3rd, 1961, Henry Marshall failed to return home.

783
01:07:23,980 --> 01:07:28,260
An extensive search was made of the family farm near Franklin, Texas.

784
01:07:28,260 --> 01:07:33,980
His only son, Don, was 11 years old at the time and remembers that day well.

785
01:07:33,980 --> 01:07:39,740
My uncle found him on the second attempt when he went out to the place.

786
01:07:39,740 --> 01:07:47,860
He was in a very remote location, probably about three quarters of a mile off the road.

787
01:07:47,860 --> 01:07:52,980
My mother had this stone placed here in order to mark the spot.

788
01:07:52,980 --> 01:07:56,660
The truck had blood around the sides of it.

789
01:07:56,660 --> 01:08:03,260
The side on the passenger side had a dent in the fender behind the passenger door, and

790
01:08:03,260 --> 01:08:08,500
that's apparently where my father's head was knocked into the side of the truck, and he

791
01:08:08,500 --> 01:08:11,860
had his eye damaged at that point.

792
01:08:11,860 --> 01:08:16,220
There were a number of Yopon bushes that had been broken and the gun was laying beside

793
01:08:16,220 --> 01:08:24,060
the body and pretty much nothing else could be seen except signs of a struggle.

794
01:08:24,060 --> 01:08:29,780
Local officials immediately ruled it a suicide, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary.

795
01:08:29,780 --> 01:08:35,660
He had been shot five times with a bolt-action rifle.

796
01:08:35,660 --> 01:08:44,100
He had enough carbon monoxide in his lungs to cause him to pass out at the time he died.

797
01:08:44,100 --> 01:08:49,700
There was no effort made to collect any evidence or preserve the crime scene.

798
01:08:49,700 --> 01:08:58,780
They had pretty much determined in their minds that this was going to be a suicide.

799
01:08:58,780 --> 01:09:04,140
When Billy Salas just testified before the grand jury in Franklin, he implicated Cliff

800
01:09:04,180 --> 01:09:10,900
Carter and Malcolm Wallace as the people that were most involved in my father's murder,

801
01:09:10,900 --> 01:09:17,540
Wallace being the figure man and Cliff Carter being the one who arranged for the murder.

802
01:09:17,540 --> 01:09:25,540
I'm firmly convinced that Malcolm Wallace was the killer of my father.

803
01:09:25,540 --> 01:09:33,140
Who that would have aided, probably political power behind everything, Johnson would have

804
01:09:33,140 --> 01:09:36,380
aided more than anyone else.

805
01:09:36,380 --> 01:09:43,180
The grand jury concluded Henry Marshall in 1961 was murdered, which means in simple

806
01:09:43,180 --> 01:09:50,980
language that the grand jury believed Billy Salas when he told them that Lyndon Johnson

807
01:09:50,980 --> 01:09:57,020
had ordered Malcolm Wallace to kill Henry Marshall.

808
01:09:57,020 --> 01:10:00,320
But Johnson's dark dealings were not confined to Texas.

809
01:10:00,320 --> 01:10:05,480
In late summer 1963, one of his long term partners in crime was about to be exposed

810
01:10:05,480 --> 01:10:08,800
for corruption by a Senate investigation.

811
01:10:08,800 --> 01:10:12,600
Bobby Baker was the secretary to the Senate majority.

812
01:10:12,600 --> 01:10:17,560
Basically he was the secretary for the Senate and he was one of Lyndon Johnson's closest

813
01:10:17,560 --> 01:10:25,280
associates and everything that Lyndon Johnson wanted to perpetrate, he had Bobby's help.

814
01:10:25,280 --> 01:10:29,520
Essentially if somebody wanted to get a military contract and they wanted influence of Lyndon

815
01:10:29,600 --> 01:10:35,000
Johnson to help them, they had to pay off Bobby Baker, who would then pay off Lyndon

816
01:10:35,000 --> 01:10:36,000
Johnson.

817
01:10:36,000 --> 01:10:37,760
It's the world of bribes.

818
01:10:37,760 --> 01:10:43,240
Bobby Baker was involved in a call girl service, he was involved in real estate schemes, he

819
01:10:43,240 --> 01:10:49,240
was involved in dealings with organized crime, he was in dealings with oilmen, particularly

820
01:10:49,240 --> 01:10:52,920
Clint Merkison, an oil millionaire from Texas.

821
01:10:53,040 --> 01:10:59,680
As a result of all this, Bobby Baker was in big trouble and with a little bit of inspiration

822
01:10:59,680 --> 01:11:04,840
on the part of the Kennedys that they could get Bobby Baker to talk, Lyndon was all done.

823
01:11:04,840 --> 01:11:12,200
Lyndon Vance Johnson, if Robert Kennedy had his way, would not only not be on the 1964

824
01:11:12,200 --> 01:11:17,480
ticket as the vice presidential candidate, but he would go to jail for the corruption

825
01:11:17,480 --> 01:11:20,200
that he was involved with.

826
01:11:20,280 --> 01:11:24,760
Although Johnson faced political extinction at the hands of the Kennedys, he had powerful

827
01:11:24,760 --> 01:11:29,680
allies with their own agendas that threatened the president, as researcher Gregory Burnham

828
01:11:29,680 --> 01:11:30,680
explains.

829
01:11:30,680 --> 01:11:36,680
People would think that he had no enemies, he was so popular, he smiled, he appeared

830
01:11:36,680 --> 01:11:42,400
happy, everyone loved him worldwide, but what people don't seem to understand is behind

831
01:11:42,400 --> 01:11:48,320
the scenes he was making changes and he was making them decisively and he was taking some

832
01:11:48,440 --> 01:11:51,800
very, very daring steps.

833
01:11:51,800 --> 01:11:55,360
He was committed to pull out of Vietnam.

834
01:11:55,360 --> 01:12:02,360
By October he had signed a document, NSN 263 to that event, a thousand troops home

835
01:12:02,960 --> 01:12:07,960
by Christmas, and all personnel out of Vietnam by 1965.

836
01:12:07,960 --> 01:12:12,960
But that wasn't very good for the military industrial complex.

837
01:12:13,600 --> 01:12:20,600
The CIA is abolishing the Central Intelligence Agency, pulling their teeth, holding them

838
01:12:21,520 --> 01:12:26,920
to task, back to why they were originally created by Truman.

839
01:12:26,920 --> 01:12:33,920
Their original mandate by law is only to coordinate intelligence, not to create the Bay of Pigs.

840
01:12:35,920 --> 01:12:42,440
NSA M55 told the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that the CIA no longer can do that,

841
01:12:42,920 --> 01:12:47,920
and any military operation has to come directly from them to the president, period.

842
01:12:47,920 --> 01:12:52,920
That kind of a document really causes problems.

843
01:12:56,920 --> 01:13:01,920
Make a comment about something which a lot of folks haven't heard too much about.

844
01:13:01,920 --> 01:13:04,920
Do you know about this article by Arthur Kroc?

845
01:13:04,920 --> 01:13:06,920
Younger people are saying, who's Arthur Kroc?

846
01:13:06,920 --> 01:13:11,920
Arthur Kroc was the single most respected journalist in America in the 1960s.

847
01:13:12,400 --> 01:13:14,400
He wrote on the editorial page of the New York Times.

848
01:13:14,400 --> 01:13:16,400
He was very close to the Kennedys.

849
01:13:16,400 --> 01:13:21,400
In fact, Joseph Kennedy, John Kennedy's father's first book was ghostwritten by Arthur Kroc.

850
01:13:21,400 --> 01:13:26,400
And young John Kennedy, when he was a young man, and worked on his thesis, Why England Slept,

851
01:13:26,400 --> 01:13:30,400
he wrote it in Arthur Kroc's Georgetown Library with the help of Arthur Kroc.

852
01:13:30,400 --> 01:13:32,400
And then Arthur Kroc had it turned into a book.

853
01:13:32,400 --> 01:13:34,400
He got him a literary agent, so how close he was.

854
01:13:34,400 --> 01:13:37,400
John Kennedy, when he wanted to speak to the American people, talked to Arthur Kroc,

855
01:13:37,400 --> 01:13:40,400
and Arthur Kroc would publish material.

856
01:13:40,880 --> 01:13:45,880
On the November 3, 1963 editorial page of the New York Times, Arthur Kroc's column called

857
01:13:45,880 --> 01:13:48,880
the Intra-Administration War in Vietnam.

858
01:13:48,880 --> 01:13:53,880
And Arthur Kroc is saying John Kennedy has declared war on the Central Intelligence Agency.

859
01:13:53,880 --> 01:13:57,880
And John Kennedy wants the American people to know there are some very serious problems.

860
01:13:57,880 --> 01:14:06,880
And then he goes on to say, twice, according to a high United States source, twice the CIA flatly refused

861
01:14:07,360 --> 01:14:08,880
to give him the CIA's instructions from Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge,

862
01:14:08,880 --> 01:14:11,880
that was Kennedy's ambassador to Vietnam.

863
01:14:11,880 --> 01:14:17,880
And in one instance, frustrated plan of action was to lodge brought from Washington, from John Kennedy.

864
01:14:17,880 --> 01:14:20,880
Because the agency disagreed with it.

865
01:14:20,880 --> 01:14:22,880
They like that? The CIA disagreed with it? They don't do it with the President.

866
01:14:22,880 --> 01:14:24,880
Then it goes on, listen to this.

867
01:14:24,880 --> 01:14:33,880
The CIA's growth was likened to a malignancy, which the very high official was not sure even the White House could control any longer.

868
01:14:33,880 --> 01:14:34,880
And listen to this.

869
01:14:34,880 --> 01:14:41,880
If the United States ever experiences an attempt at a coup to overthrow the government, it will come from the CIA.

870
01:14:41,880 --> 01:14:44,880
That's John Kennedy talking to the American people in October.

871
01:14:44,880 --> 01:14:46,880
The next month they blew his head off.

872
01:14:46,880 --> 01:14:47,880
And there's the Warren Commission.

873
01:14:47,880 --> 01:14:52,880
And they don't ask Arthur Kroc, where'd you get this information that John Kennedy was talking,

874
01:14:52,880 --> 01:14:59,880
or someone on his behalf was talking, to you about the CIA being possibly involved in a coup.

875
01:14:59,880 --> 01:15:01,880
If there was a coup, it would come from the CIA.

876
01:15:03,880 --> 01:15:11,880
There is now considerable evidence of Oswald's links with agents from the CIA and the FBI in the months before the assassination.

877
01:15:11,880 --> 01:15:19,880
In August 1963, in Dallas, the CIA operative, Antonio Vecciana, met with his case officer, Maurice Bishop.

878
01:15:19,880 --> 01:15:25,880
Bishop was the CIA coordinator of the most violent anti-Castro exile group.

879
01:15:25,880 --> 01:15:28,880
And in Dallas, he also met with Lee Harvey Oswald.

880
01:15:29,880 --> 01:15:39,880
I surely have Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas, in a meeting of 10 or 15 minutes with Maurice Bishop in Dallas.

881
01:15:39,880 --> 01:15:45,880
And you feel certain that Oswald was working with or associated with American intelligence?

882
01:15:45,880 --> 01:15:49,880
Well, at least he was associated with Maurice Bishop.

883
01:15:49,880 --> 01:15:58,880
And if Maurice Bishop was an intelligence, he was working for the intelligence service in the United States,

884
01:15:58,880 --> 01:16:00,880
I don't doubt that he was working with him.

885
01:16:05,880 --> 01:16:09,880
The Select Committee on Assassinations will at this time come to order.

886
01:16:09,880 --> 01:16:13,880
The most damaging sealed documents of the House Select Committee on Assassinations

887
01:16:13,880 --> 01:16:22,880
accuse high ranking officials of the Central Intelligence Agency of lying to the people of the United States about Lee Harvey Oswald.

888
01:16:22,880 --> 01:16:28,880
House investigators believe this man, David Atlee Phillips, met with Oswald two months before the assassination.

889
01:16:28,880 --> 01:16:37,880
Phillips was the CIA's chief of Western Hemisphere operations and was in charge, among other things, of plots against Fidel Castro.

890
01:16:37,880 --> 01:16:44,880
According to the Secret Reports, Antonio Viziana, a leader of anti-Castro Cubans directed by the CIA,

891
01:16:44,880 --> 01:16:51,880
saw Oswald talking to a senior CIA agent he knew by the cover name Maurice Bishop.

892
01:16:51,880 --> 01:16:58,880
Viziana provided enough information for House investigators to compile this sketch of the agent who met Oswald.

893
01:16:58,880 --> 01:17:02,880
Could it have been Phillips? Investigators believe it was.

894
01:17:02,880 --> 01:17:09,880
Phillips denied under oath that he knew Oswald, but House investigators did not believe him and wanted him charged with perjury.

895
01:17:09,880 --> 01:17:14,880
The government declined to prosecute, leaving investigators furious.

896
01:17:14,880 --> 01:17:18,880
The director of the CIA in 1963 was John McCone.

897
01:17:18,880 --> 01:17:25,880
He caused a sensation among committee staffers when he admitted there was an agent using the cover name Bishop.

898
01:17:25,880 --> 01:17:29,880
But a secret memo reveals he was allowed to reverse his testimony.

899
01:17:29,880 --> 01:17:35,880
A CIA lawyer wrote the committee, I should inform you that he had been in error.

900
01:17:35,880 --> 01:17:40,880
In summary, Mr. McCone withdraws his statements on this point.

901
01:17:40,880 --> 01:17:47,880
The man who fingered Maurice Bishop, Antonio Viziana, was shot in the head soon after testifying, but survived.

902
01:17:47,880 --> 01:17:53,880
Frightened, he will no longer talk about the case. We caught up with him in Florida.

903
01:17:53,880 --> 01:17:58,880
They wounded me in the head. They tried to kill me.

904
01:17:58,880 --> 01:18:02,880
You know why? Why would I? I don't know, but how the FBI knows?

905
01:18:02,880 --> 01:18:05,880
Did they tell you? No.

906
01:18:05,880 --> 01:18:07,880
Actually, actually.

907
01:18:12,880 --> 01:18:16,880
David Adley Phillips died of cancer in 1988.

908
01:18:16,880 --> 01:18:22,880
Investigators believe Phillips was angry at JFK for botching the Cuban Bay of Pigs operation.

909
01:18:23,880 --> 01:18:30,880
The second explosive revelation in the sealed documents also links the CIA directly to Oswald.

910
01:18:30,880 --> 01:18:35,880
While living in Dallas, Oswald was befriended by Russian-born George deMorenchil.

911
01:18:35,880 --> 01:18:42,880
Investigators determined he was a contract agent for the CIA in Central America and the Caribbean.

912
01:18:42,880 --> 01:18:51,880
In 1977, moments before he was to be interviewed by House investigators, deMorenchil blew his brains out with a 20-gauge shotgun.

913
01:18:51,880 --> 01:18:57,880
House investigators believe he was a crucial link between the CIA and Lee Harvey Oswald.

914
01:18:57,880 --> 01:19:03,880
There is no question that the sealed JFK files are extremely embarrassing for the CIA.

915
01:19:03,880 --> 01:19:09,880
House investigators have told Inside Edition that the agency did not fully cooperate in their investigation,

916
01:19:09,880 --> 01:19:16,880
and that the CIA had final say in the report that the House Assassinations Committee made public.

917
01:19:16,880 --> 01:19:21,880
Thus, the public report makes no mention of the CIA's links with Lee Harvey Oswald.

918
01:19:21,880 --> 01:19:25,880
But the secret documents are another story.

919
01:19:25,880 --> 01:19:30,880
One interesting sidelight, the movie JFK was partially based on Jim Garrison's investigation in New Orleans,

920
01:19:30,880 --> 01:19:37,880
while House investigators uncovered evidence that the CIA planted nine agents inside the Garrison investigation

921
01:19:37,880 --> 01:19:43,880
to feed him false information and to report back to Langley on what Garrison was finding out.

922
01:19:46,880 --> 01:19:55,880
What do you think about George deMorenchil? Is there some accurate connection with the intelligence community?

923
01:19:55,880 --> 01:19:59,880
Oh yeah, George deMorenchil was a spy for a lot of different people over the years.

924
01:19:59,880 --> 01:20:04,880
He was a quite remarkable man. He picked him up for what they thought was attempting to assassinate deMarshall Tito.

925
01:20:04,880 --> 01:20:09,880
He went into the penitent jungles of Guatemala. He and his wife, he said,

926
01:20:09,880 --> 01:20:13,880
and they emerged on the very day that the Bay of Pigs troops left Guatemala City.

927
01:20:13,880 --> 01:20:17,880
He arrived in Guatemala City. He worked for the Central Intelligence Agency.

928
01:20:17,880 --> 01:20:18,880
He was the baby...

929
01:20:18,880 --> 01:20:20,880
But he must have known E. Howard Hunt, certainly, in those days.

930
01:20:20,880 --> 01:20:27,880
Well, I presume he probably did. But in any event, he was the babysitter for Lee Harvey Oswald for the CIA.

931
01:20:27,880 --> 01:20:33,880
And he was about to be called as a witness before the House Select Committee on Assassinations,

932
01:20:33,880 --> 01:20:36,880
and he died the day before he was supposed to be called.

933
01:20:36,880 --> 01:20:40,880
I went down there for the Carnes Inquest. It was quite interesting because the district attorney...

934
01:20:40,880 --> 01:20:45,880
What happened was this. deMorenchil was staying at a home where his daughter lived.

935
01:20:45,880 --> 01:20:48,880
His daughter was staying with a very wealthy woman in Florida.

936
01:20:48,880 --> 01:20:51,880
And this woman... It's kind of like a Colombo movie.

937
01:20:51,880 --> 01:20:54,880
And this is before the days when people had videotape recorders.

938
01:20:54,880 --> 01:21:00,880
She went out with this woman to play the bridge tournament.

939
01:21:00,880 --> 01:21:05,880
But she wanted to have a record made of some soap opera.

940
01:21:05,880 --> 01:21:07,880
So she said to her domestic worker,

941
01:21:07,880 --> 01:21:16,880
Here's an audio tape recorder. Just put it on and record the sound of this television soap opera.

942
01:21:16,880 --> 01:21:19,880
And so the tape recorder was playing.

943
01:21:19,880 --> 01:21:23,880
And then you hear the bullet.

944
01:21:23,880 --> 01:21:25,880
The shotgun exploded.

945
01:21:25,880 --> 01:21:27,880
The shot that killed deMorenchil.

946
01:21:27,880 --> 01:21:29,880
They claimed to commit a suicide.

947
01:21:29,880 --> 01:21:32,880
But if you listen to the tape, you hear this.

948
01:21:32,880 --> 01:21:34,880
You hear a little noise. You hear silence.

949
01:21:34,880 --> 01:21:37,880
Then you hear beep, beep, beep, beep, beep, beep.

950
01:21:37,880 --> 01:21:38,880
A little more noise.

951
01:21:38,880 --> 01:21:40,880
And then you hear the shot.

952
01:21:40,880 --> 01:21:44,880
The beep, beep, beep, beep, beep was a security system.

953
01:21:44,880 --> 01:21:46,880
On medium mode.

954
01:21:46,880 --> 01:21:49,880
One mode is if it's fully armed.

955
01:21:49,880 --> 01:21:55,880
If anyone opens a door or window, a siren goes off and the police are notified.

956
01:21:55,880 --> 01:21:57,880
On another mode it's off entirely.

957
01:21:57,880 --> 01:22:00,880
But on the medium mode, it goes beep, beep, beep, beep.

958
01:22:00,880 --> 01:22:04,880
And then you hear a beep, beep, beep, beep to show that someone has opened the door and come into the house.

959
01:22:04,880 --> 01:22:08,880
Just before deMorenchil was shot, that's what happened.

960
01:22:08,880 --> 01:22:11,880
And I talked to the district attorney when I listened to that tape.

961
01:22:11,880 --> 01:22:13,880
I was down there just before the coroner's inquest.

962
01:22:13,880 --> 01:22:16,880
And I said, Does that sound like someone came in the house?

963
01:22:16,880 --> 01:22:18,880
He said, We're not going to go into that.

964
01:22:18,880 --> 01:22:19,880
And I said, Why?

965
01:22:19,880 --> 01:22:20,880
I said, You understand why?

966
01:22:20,880 --> 01:22:21,880
This is bigger than all of us.

967
01:22:21,880 --> 01:22:23,880
We have to do what we have to do.

968
01:22:23,880 --> 01:22:24,880
I said, I don't understand that.

969
01:22:24,880 --> 01:22:27,880
And he said, Well, listen, you know, you can't speak at the coroner's inquest.

970
01:22:27,880 --> 01:22:28,880
You're just going to be a spectator.

971
01:22:28,880 --> 01:22:29,880
I said, I know that.

972
01:22:29,880 --> 01:22:38,880
And so he played the tape and told the coroner's jury, a cross section of the folks in the area, that this was a suicide, et cetera.

973
01:22:38,880 --> 01:22:45,880
And this woman on the coroner's jury said, That beep, beep, beep, beep, that sounds like my security system.

974
01:22:45,880 --> 01:22:47,880
That means somebody apparently went into the house.

975
01:22:47,880 --> 01:22:49,880
He said, We're not going into that.

976
01:22:49,880 --> 01:22:52,880
And so they ruled that it was the suicide that was the cause of that.

977
01:22:52,880 --> 01:22:55,880
But I think that's a very serious question as to whether he was murdered.

978
01:22:55,880 --> 01:23:11,880
It is now clear that in some instances, the agency lied about the 201 file, about its contents, did not give the House Committee access to parts of the file that they knew existed and wanted to see.

979
01:23:11,880 --> 01:23:21,880
The information it contains not only confirms the government's very early interest in Oswald's activities, but discloses a startling revelation.

980
01:23:21,880 --> 01:23:30,880
Oswald was directly involved in sensitive intelligence operations for the CIA and probably for the FBI as well.

981
01:23:51,880 --> 01:23:56,880
The FBI is now investigating Oswald's case.

982
01:23:56,880 --> 01:23:59,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

983
01:23:59,880 --> 01:24:02,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

984
01:24:02,880 --> 01:24:05,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

985
01:24:05,880 --> 01:24:08,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

986
01:24:08,880 --> 01:24:11,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

987
01:24:11,880 --> 01:24:14,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

988
01:24:14,880 --> 01:24:17,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

989
01:24:17,880 --> 01:24:20,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

990
01:24:20,880 --> 01:24:23,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

991
01:24:23,880 --> 01:24:26,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

992
01:24:26,880 --> 01:24:29,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

993
01:24:29,880 --> 01:24:32,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

994
01:24:32,880 --> 01:24:35,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

995
01:24:35,880 --> 01:24:38,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

996
01:24:38,880 --> 01:24:41,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

997
01:24:41,880 --> 01:24:44,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

998
01:24:44,880 --> 01:24:47,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

999
01:24:48,880 --> 01:24:57,880
Here we have the transcript of the January 21, 1964 executive session of the Warren Commission.

1000
01:24:57,880 --> 01:25:02,880
And in it, they're discussing the fact that they knew that Oswald had worked for the FBI.

1001
01:25:02,880 --> 01:25:12,880
He'd been assigned a payroll number as 179, and he was paid $200 per month from September of 1962 until the time of the assassination.

1002
01:25:12,880 --> 01:25:16,880
We've seen revealed one conspiracy after another.

1003
01:25:16,880 --> 01:25:19,880
We've seen revealed one conspiracy after another.

1004
01:25:19,880 --> 01:25:24,880
Anybody would have to be a fool nowadays to dismiss conspiracies.

1005
01:25:24,880 --> 01:25:29,880
And perhaps we lived in a fool's paradise before the Kennedy assassination.

1006
01:25:42,880 --> 01:25:45,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1007
01:25:45,880 --> 01:25:48,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1008
01:25:48,880 --> 01:25:51,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1009
01:25:51,880 --> 01:25:54,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1010
01:25:54,880 --> 01:25:57,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1011
01:25:57,880 --> 01:26:00,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1012
01:26:00,880 --> 01:26:03,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1013
01:26:03,880 --> 01:26:06,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1014
01:26:06,880 --> 01:26:09,880
The FBI is investigating Oswald's case.

1015
01:26:09,880 --> 01:26:19,880
The man who creates power make an indispensable contribution to the nation's greatness.

1016
01:26:19,880 --> 01:26:28,880
But the man who questioned power make a contribution just as indispensable, especially when that questioning is disinterested.

1017
01:26:28,880 --> 01:26:33,880
For they determine whether we use power or power uses us.

1018
01:26:33,880 --> 01:26:43,880
I've quoted before and I quote again Mr. Jefferson that if we expect a nation to be ignorant and free, we expect what never was and never will be.

1019
01:26:43,880 --> 01:26:53,880
They're, the way they look, they look determined and reverent at the same time, but still they're a bloody good bunch of killers.

1020
01:26:53,880 --> 01:27:03,880
They're, the way they look, they look determined and reverent at the same time, but still they're a bloody good bunch of killers.

1021
01:27:03,880 --> 01:27:06,880
They're, the way they look, they look determined and reverent at the same time, but still they're a bloody good bunch of killers.

1022
01:27:07,880 --> 01:27:23,880
When our intelligence forces brought in their reports warning that if the election called for by the Geneva courts for July 1956 were held, Ho Chi Minh would be elected president in South Vietnam by at least 80% of the vote.

1023
01:27:23,880 --> 01:27:31,880
At a hell of a time with force this morning, he insisted that our destroyers were there to back up. He said it on television last night. He said it...

1024
01:27:32,880 --> 01:27:38,880
There is a predisposition still on the part of the mainstream media to believe it all works, the system works.

1025
01:27:38,880 --> 01:27:45,880
And it's only the sort of crazies on the fringes who want to keep saying no it doesn't work, no it doesn't work, there's a conspiracy at work.

1026
01:27:45,880 --> 01:27:49,880
And the two are converging all the more because the evidence has brought them together.

1027
01:27:49,880 --> 01:28:03,880
I have a feeling therefore that this harassment attack and this attack with 20 or more torpedoes upon two of our destroyers was designed to force us out in a way lest we precipitate a greater struggle.

1028
01:28:03,880 --> 01:28:06,880
I have a feeling that they've misread America once again.

1029
01:28:06,880 --> 01:28:14,880
City Councilman Tom Bradley said, this indicates the dangerous degree of hysteria and hate which has consumed some elements of our nation.

1030
01:28:14,880 --> 01:28:16,880
And another councilman, City Councilman...

1031
01:28:16,880 --> 01:28:27,880
I think that there's great danger in this country because of the fact that so much of our economy is geared in the military area.

1032
01:28:27,880 --> 01:28:40,880
There is grave danger of a military industrial alliance of a kind actually affecting politics.

1033
01:28:40,880 --> 01:28:47,880
Mr. Nixon has participated in since you've been in the White House and he as Vice President has been helping you.

1034
01:28:47,880 --> 01:28:55,880
I just wondered if you could give us an example of a major idea of his that you had adopted in that role as the decider and final...

1035
01:28:57,880 --> 01:28:59,880
If you give me a week I might think of one.

1036
01:29:10,880 --> 01:29:29,880
When power leads man towards arrogance, poetry reminds him of his limitations.

1037
01:29:29,880 --> 01:29:38,880
When power narrows the areas of man concern, poetry reminds him of the richness and diversity of his existence.

1038
01:29:39,880 --> 01:29:42,880
When power corrupts, poetry cleanses.

1039
01:29:47,880 --> 01:29:54,880
Communism is the scavenger of decaying civilizations.

1040
01:29:57,880 --> 01:30:05,880
It makes its way into a country and into a culture only when that culture begins to rot from the inside.

1041
01:30:09,880 --> 01:30:21,880
The measure of the incipient death in any civilization is the progress that communism makes just as soon as this culture begins to die.

1042
01:30:21,880 --> 01:30:40,880
Then this winged scavenger with the mechanical wings of hammer and sickles descend upon these decaying countries in order to devour them.