1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Dealey Plaza, Dallas, the public arena for the brutal slaying of the 35th President 2 00:00:08,759 --> 00:00:15,759 of the United States. The assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, in this 3 00:00:17,719 --> 00:00:24,719 tiny acre of Texas, changed history and the lives of millions. And for those closest 4 00:00:24,719 --> 00:00:32,719 to the tragedy, the awful memories of that day and the ensuing controversy live on. 5 00:00:54,719 --> 00:01:15,719 I'm convinced, and no one will ever convince me any differently, that the shots came from 6 00:01:15,719 --> 00:01:19,920 the area of the picket fence on the grassy knoll. No one will ever convince me. I saw 7 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:23,960 it. I believe that's where it came from. And the only way that I'm ever going to believe 8 00:01:23,959 --> 00:01:29,079 any different is when I stand before the judge on the judgment day and he tells me. 9 00:01:29,079 --> 00:01:36,079 But I know what I saw, and that's what I saw. Major Phil Willis, with his wife and... 10 00:01:37,519 --> 00:01:42,519 was also in Dealey Plaza. He is certain that the fatal headshot came from the grassy... 11 00:01:42,519 --> 00:01:47,239 Hell, I'll tell you, 90% of the people in Dallas, Texas, and probably the United... 12 00:01:47,239 --> 00:01:53,519 have heard all this over, have since decided that, as well as the second investigation 13 00:01:53,519 --> 00:02:00,519 in the House of Representatives in Washington. And no one will ever convince ... 14 00:02:00,959 --> 00:02:05,959 well the shot that blew his head off came from the right front. 15 00:02:05,959 --> 00:02:10,719 It had always seemed to me that had the car speeded up, had there been better reaction 16 00:02:10,719 --> 00:02:15,280 on the part of the driver, they were only yards from what at least I perceived to be 17 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:20,800 safety by getting on the expressway. But the car seemed to just, it didn't move. After 18 00:02:20,800 --> 00:02:25,920 that first shot, it just didn't move. And the thing that has, over the years, continued 19 00:02:25,920 --> 00:02:30,800 to rather haunt me about the whole situation was the feeling that, did that first shot 20 00:02:30,800 --> 00:02:37,800 miss, as I felt it had? If it did miss, had that car speeded up, would he be alive today? 21 00:02:38,920 --> 00:02:44,160 Even now, those eyewitnesses closest to the killing suffer their own haunting images from 22 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:45,640 that dreadful day. 23 00:02:45,639 --> 00:02:52,639 The head shot, seeing his head blow up, I can see it just as plain. It's red, it's 24 00:02:55,039 --> 00:03:02,039 very brilliant, it's cone shaped, going back. That's my impression. Sad, but true. 25 00:03:05,439 --> 00:03:10,919 I would agree with my mother, the head shot is so traumatic and permanently emblazoned 26 00:03:10,959 --> 00:03:17,959 in my mind, that, that and the sadness of the assassination, that'll be forever in 27 00:03:18,599 --> 00:03:22,599 my memory. Very sad, very traumatic. 28 00:03:22,599 --> 00:03:29,599 Went over on another knoll over the other side of Dealey Plaza and just lay down on 29 00:03:29,679 --> 00:03:36,679 the grass and vomited and I was just sick. And then when we took my father's body, he 30 00:03:40,919 --> 00:03:47,919 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 31 00:03:47,919 --> 00:03:54,919 the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 32 00:03:58,919 --> 00:04:05,919 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I 33 00:04:05,919 --> 00:04:12,919 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 34 00:04:12,919 --> 00:04:19,919 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 35 00:04:20,919 --> 00:04:27,919 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I 36 00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:34,920 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 37 00:04:34,920 --> 00:04:39,920 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 38 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:44,920 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I 39 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:49,920 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 40 00:04:49,920 --> 00:04:54,920 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 41 00:04:54,920 --> 00:04:59,920 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I 42 00:04:59,920 --> 00:05:04,920 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 43 00:05:04,920 --> 00:05:09,920 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 44 00:05:09,920 --> 00:05:14,920 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I 45 00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:19,920 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 46 00:05:20,920 --> 00:05:25,920 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 47 00:05:25,920 --> 00:05:29,920 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I 48 00:05:29,920 --> 00:05:34,920 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 49 00:05:34,920 --> 00:05:39,920 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 50 00:05:39,920 --> 00:05:44,920 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I 51 00:05:44,920 --> 00:05:49,920 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 52 00:05:49,920 --> 00:05:54,920 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 53 00:05:54,920 --> 00:05:59,920 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and 54 00:05:59,920 --> 00:06:04,920 I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 55 00:06:04,920 --> 00:06:09,920 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 56 00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:14,920 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and 57 00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:19,920 I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 58 00:06:19,920 --> 00:06:24,920 hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the... 59 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:29,920 and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I 60 00:06:29,920 --> 00:06:34,920 was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I was in the hospital, and I... 61 00:06:35,920 --> 00:06:40,920 I stepped up and looked, and I could see inside President Kennedy's head, on the ri... 62 00:06:40,920 --> 00:06:43,920 I stepped up and looked, and I could see inside President Kennedy's head, on the ri... 63 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:50,920 near the back, we call it the occipital parietal area, and the scalp had been torn... 64 00:06:50,920 --> 00:06:55,920 and the skull had been blasted open by the effect of the high velocity missile. 65 00:06:55,920 --> 00:07:03,920 I thought it was probably an exit wound, because generally speaking, high velocity... 66 00:07:03,920 --> 00:07:10,920 of that type will enter through a rather small opening, and by creating a blast... 67 00:07:12,920 --> 00:07:19,920 and by the tumbling of the bullet, it will then, as it exits the body, leave a large 68 00:07:20,920 --> 00:07:27,920 hole, particularly large caliber bullets, like from a .45 or from a deer rifle or... 69 00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:32,920 of this sort, would cause that kind of massive exit wound. 70 00:07:32,920 --> 00:07:37,920 We had taken the casket in the room in the meantime, and prepared it, and Miss Kennedy 71 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:44,920 came into the room, and she was standing there looking at him very calm, holding ba... 72 00:07:47,920 --> 00:07:54,920 she was emotional, I mean, she never did cry, and she took her wedding ring off her finger, 73 00:07:55,920 --> 00:08:02,920 and tried to place it on his finger, of course, it was a lot larger, and so, you... 74 00:08:03,920 --> 00:08:08,920 struggling with, I got some cake-tail jelly there that they used, and greased his finger, 75 00:08:08,920 --> 00:08:15,920 and we got it up on his finger as far as it can, and then the priest came into the room, 76 00:08:15,920 --> 00:08:18,920 and administered the last rasturnum. 77 00:08:18,920 --> 00:08:24,920 They sent for Father Huber, and he was ushered in, there was a huge crowd, of... 78 00:08:24,920 --> 00:08:30,920 out in the hall, and he was sort of shoved through the doors, and the scene, I'm sure, 79 00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:36,920 was overwhelming for him, as it was for most of us. Our president was lying there dead, 80 00:08:36,920 --> 00:08:43,920 his wife grief-stricken, and all of us more or less stunned, and so he came in and turned 81 00:08:44,919 --> 00:08:50,919 to his little book, and started reciting something which he considered appropriate,... 82 00:08:50,919 --> 00:08:55,919 Kennedy felt, probably rightly so, that he wasn't giving the proper phraseology at that 83 00:08:59,919 --> 00:09:04,919 time, and she said, no, no, don't you understand, the final enunction, the final... 84 00:09:07,919 --> 00:09:12,919 and he turned to another place in his book, and began reading, which appeared... 85 00:09:13,919 --> 00:09:19,919 and it seemed to have a soothing effect on her, and he finished the appropriate phrases, 86 00:09:19,919 --> 00:09:25,919 and Mrs. Kennedy bent over and kissed her husband, and took his ring from his finger, 87 00:09:27,919 --> 00:09:33,919 and then she went outside the door of this small room, and sat down on a chair... 88 00:09:33,919 --> 00:09:35,919 outside the room. 89 00:09:35,919 --> 00:09:41,919 I didn't see the wounds, they had him completely, his head was completely wrappe... 90 00:09:48,919 --> 00:09:54,919 The body, he was nude, when we pick up a body, we train at it, and my position was ... 91 00:09:56,919 --> 00:10:02,919 place my hand underneath the head, and the other hand goes underneath the back of the... 92 00:10:02,919 --> 00:10:08,919 at the waist, then the peanuts, his hand goes next to mine on the waist, and he gets bel... 93 00:10:10,919 --> 00:10:16,919 wherever we can stretch the person out, and we picked him up, and the back of his head... 94 00:10:19,919 --> 00:10:25,919 it was just real soft, and as if, you know, a skull was, part of his skull was missing, ... 95 00:10:33,919 --> 00:10:39,919 While the President lay dead at Parkland, another tragedy was unfolding a short... 96 00:10:39,919 --> 00:10:45,919 in the Oak Cliff district, where police officer J.D. Tippett had been gunned down ... 97 00:10:46,919 --> 00:10:50,919 It came out over the radio that the suspect had gone into the Texas theater, 98 00:10:50,919 --> 00:10:55,919 but we continued on into Texas theater, and Kenneth and I entered the theater, 99 00:10:55,919 --> 00:11:01,919 and about the time we entered, well, some more officers came in behind us, and there... 100 00:11:03,919 --> 00:11:10,919 While we were in the theater, probably 150 to 200 people had gathered out front of the... 101 00:11:10,919 --> 00:11:16,919 attracted there by all the noise, they had been told on television that the President... 102 00:11:16,919 --> 00:11:23,919 at this point nobody knew whether he was dead or not, all these things happening this cl... 103 00:11:23,919 --> 00:11:30,919 they thought probably the suspect we had was maybe connected with the shooting of the... 104 00:11:31,919 --> 00:11:35,919 and so we were hearing gales like, get him, let's kill him, let's take him, 105 00:11:35,919 --> 00:11:40,919 and we were all thinking, well, we just had to risk our lives and fight over a gun to ... 106 00:11:40,919 --> 00:11:43,919 and here we are, we may have to shoot somebody else to keep him. 107 00:11:43,919 --> 00:11:49,919 When Oswald was first brought into the homicide office, I heard this commotion, a... 108 00:11:49,919 --> 00:11:55,919 he was handcuffed with his hands, handcuffed behind his back, and at that time he refus... 109 00:11:55,919 --> 00:11:58,919 he said something to the effect, well, you're the cop, you figure it out. 110 00:11:59,919 --> 00:12:03,919 Later that day, Detective Rose led a search of the house in Irving, 111 00:12:03,919 --> 00:12:07,919 where Oswald's wife Marina lodged with her friend, Ruth Payne. 112 00:12:07,919 --> 00:12:15,919 Six officers came to the door, and they said they had Oswald in custody for shooting an... 113 00:12:15,919 --> 00:12:19,919 no reference to the President, and they asked if they could come in. 114 00:12:22,919 --> 00:12:27,919 I asked if they had a warrant, and they said no, but we could get one right away, 115 00:12:27,919 --> 00:12:34,919 and they were obviously very tense and nervous, and I was stunned by their arrival. 116 00:12:34,919 --> 00:12:40,919 On Saturday morning, after the assassination on Friday, we went back to the Payne... 117 00:12:40,919 --> 00:12:46,919 I had obtained a search warrant from Judge Joe Brown Jr. and wanted to do a more... 118 00:12:46,919 --> 00:12:49,919 than I had previously done of that residence. 119 00:12:49,919 --> 00:12:56,919 Some of the items we found in the search was a photograph of Oswald standing in front o... 120 00:12:56,919 --> 00:13:01,919 with a rifle in one hand, a newspaper in the other hand, and a pistol on his hip. 121 00:13:01,919 --> 00:13:05,919 At no time did I suspect he had any kind of gun. 122 00:13:07,919 --> 00:13:11,919 That picture showed up later that Marina had taken. 123 00:13:11,919 --> 00:13:15,919 I recognized the location as the back of their Neely Street apartment, 124 00:13:15,919 --> 00:13:23,919 because she had taken me out there to pick some flowers to take home one time when I ... 125 00:13:23,919 --> 00:13:28,919 And as you know, he was carrying both the rifle and the pistol at that point. 126 00:13:28,919 --> 00:13:33,919 Other items we found was, of course, a small Minox minotaure camera, it's called. 127 00:13:33,919 --> 00:13:36,919 It had a roll of film in it. 128 00:13:36,919 --> 00:13:43,919 We never did develop that film. It was later turned over to the FBI, so I don't know wh... 129 00:13:43,919 --> 00:13:49,919 We found a great amount of communist literature, communist books. 130 00:13:49,919 --> 00:13:54,919 I couldn't tell you just what all it was, but it was a large box. 131 00:13:54,919 --> 00:14:00,919 We brought all the evidence in, and Captain Fritz decided to conduct a further intervi... 132 00:14:00,919 --> 00:14:04,919 and had him brought into the Homicide Office for interrogation. 133 00:14:04,919 --> 00:14:09,919 I sat in on that interrogation. Captain Fritz at one point said, 134 00:14:09,919 --> 00:14:15,919 Mr. Oswald, you told us that you had never owned a rifle or a gun or a weapon of any... 135 00:14:15,919 --> 00:14:18,919 And he said, that's right. I never owned a gun in my life. 136 00:14:18,919 --> 00:14:24,919 So Captain Fritz showed him the photograph and said, well, how do you explain this? 137 00:14:24,919 --> 00:14:29,919 He looked at it, and he got visibly mad. He seemed shaken, and he said, 138 00:14:29,919 --> 00:14:35,919 well, that's just simply my face superimposed on someone else's body there. That's all t... 139 00:14:35,919 --> 00:14:41,919 Another senior detective sitting in on Oswald's high-level interrogations that... 140 00:14:41,919 --> 00:14:47,919 Mr. Kelly with the Secret Service, who was the head of the Secret Service out of... 141 00:14:47,919 --> 00:14:55,919 flown in, I guess it was the next day perhaps on Saturday, asked him if he knew anybody... 142 00:14:55,919 --> 00:15:00,919 He answered no, and they asked him if he had ever used a gun. 143 00:15:00,919 --> 00:15:04,919 And he said, well, isn't it a fact that when you were arrested, 144 00:15:04,919 --> 00:15:10,919 you had an identification card with your picture on it and that name on it and your... 145 00:15:10,919 --> 00:15:14,919 He said, I believe that is correct. Mr. Kelly said, well, how do you explain that? 146 00:15:15,919 --> 00:15:23,919 And he said, I don't. During my tenure with him, he was a very calm and cool and... 147 00:15:23,919 --> 00:15:29,919 All of his answers were very concise and to the point. He didn't volunteer information, 148 00:15:29,919 --> 00:15:34,919 and he didn't have any kind of information to give him. 149 00:15:34,919 --> 00:15:39,919 He didn't have any kind of information to give him. 150 00:15:39,919 --> 00:15:43,919 He was very concise and to the point. He didn't volunteer information, 151 00:15:43,919 --> 00:15:47,919 and he certainly didn't admit to anything. 152 00:15:47,919 --> 00:15:53,919 Mr. Kelly also, at the same time, had asked him about the Alex Heidel. 153 00:15:53,919 --> 00:16:01,919 He knew that Oswald had been involved in this fair play for Cuba in New Orleans. 154 00:16:01,919 --> 00:16:07,919 And he asked him, he said, now that the president has been killed, 155 00:16:07,919 --> 00:16:13,919 do you think that the attitude of the United States towards Cuba will change? 156 00:16:13,919 --> 00:16:17,919 And Oswald looked around to his left where Captain Fritz was sitting, 157 00:16:17,919 --> 00:16:23,919 and he said, I believe that I am charged with the murder of the president. Is that correct? 158 00:16:23,919 --> 00:16:27,919 And Captain Fritz said, yes, that's true. And he turned back to Mr. Kelly, 159 00:16:27,919 --> 00:16:35,919 and he said, I don't think that I should answer that because whatever answer I give... 160 00:16:35,919 --> 00:16:39,919 might be construed in a different light than what I intended it to be. 161 00:16:39,919 --> 00:16:43,919 He said, however, in all countries, and this country is no exception, 162 00:16:43,919 --> 00:16:47,919 when a leader of the country either dies or gets killed or something, 163 00:16:47,919 --> 00:16:50,919 there's always a second in command that takes over. 164 00:16:50,919 --> 00:16:53,919 And he said, in this case, I believe his name is Johnson, 165 00:16:53,919 --> 00:16:58,919 and I don't think that his views towards Cuba are any different than the president's. 166 00:16:58,919 --> 00:17:03,919 An early arrival at police headquarters was the FBI agent in Dallas 167 00:17:03,919 --> 00:17:07,920 who'd been assigned to keep an eye on Oswald prior to the assassination. James Hostey. 168 00:17:07,920 --> 00:17:13,920 His behaviour when I talked to him on the afternoon of the assassination for... 169 00:17:13,920 --> 00:17:16,920 was that of a person who was very calm, cool and collected. 170 00:17:16,920 --> 00:17:22,920 He claimed that he was in the lunchroom at the time of the assassination by himself. 171 00:17:22,920 --> 00:17:27,920 He was also asked by Captain Fritz, did he bring a weapon into the building that day, 172 00:17:27,920 --> 00:17:32,920 and he said no, he had not, but he had seen the manager, 173 00:17:32,920 --> 00:17:37,920 Mr. Trulli, had brought a rifle into the building a day or two before. 174 00:17:37,920 --> 00:17:43,920 This was later checked out and proved to be true that Mr. Trulli had brought a rifle in 175 00:17:43,920 --> 00:17:47,920 and he was going to go deer hunting with it and shown it to several of the people in t... 176 00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:52,920 The interview was terminated because Oswald was taken out for a lineup. 177 00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:59,920 Oswald was placed in four different lineups, three on Friday, a fourth on Saturday. 178 00:17:59,920 --> 00:18:04,920 In the first two lineups, Oswald appeared with two police detectives and a jail clerk. 179 00:18:04,920 --> 00:18:08,920 These men were wearing clothing quite a bit nicer than Oswald, but moreover, 180 00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:14,920 they did not resemble Oswald in appearance. They were heavier, older. One of them had... 181 00:18:14,920 --> 00:18:18,920 The police were, gave fictitious names and occupations. 182 00:18:18,920 --> 00:18:22,920 Oswald gave his real name, his real occupation, to Texas School Book Depository. 183 00:18:22,920 --> 00:18:26,920 This information was being widely disseminated even by the time of the first... 184 00:18:26,920 --> 00:18:33,920 In the second and third lineups, Oswald appeared with men who were quite a bit... 185 00:18:33,920 --> 00:18:38,920 Some of them had blonde hair. And in the fourth lineup, which was the most outrageo... 186 00:18:38,920 --> 00:18:42,920 Oswald appeared in the lineup with two teenagers and a Mexican. 187 00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:46,920 And in the second, third, and fourth lineups, Oswald complained bitterly to police 188 00:18:46,920 --> 00:18:49,920 about the manner in which the lineups were being conducted. 189 00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:52,920 And he berated the police, demanded legal representation, 190 00:18:52,920 --> 00:18:57,920 and it was very apparent to any witnesses that Oswald was the suspect. 191 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:03,920 There are established criteria for the fair and proper conduct of police lineups. 192 00:19:03,920 --> 00:19:09,920 By any stretch of the imagination, every rule in the book was violated by the Dallas police 193 00:19:09,920 --> 00:19:13,920 in the conduct of each of the four lineups that weekend. 194 00:19:13,920 --> 00:19:17,920 When they first filed against Oswald for killing President Kennedy, 195 00:19:17,920 --> 00:19:23,920 they put in the complaint that Oswald did kill President Kennedy 196 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:28,920 in the furtherance of an international communist conspiracy. 197 00:19:28,920 --> 00:19:35,920 The White House called down to the district attorney and vehemently objected to that, 198 00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:41,920 in which then the district attorney removed this statement from the original complaint. 199 00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:47,920 Because of this, the White House was extremely upset with the local authorities, 200 00:19:47,920 --> 00:19:54,920 and we were under the strictest orders not to give them any information whatsoever at al... 201 00:19:54,920 --> 00:19:58,920 This caused them to jump to the wrong conclusion 202 00:19:58,920 --> 00:20:02,920 and think that we were hiding something about ourselves 203 00:20:02,920 --> 00:20:09,920 when we were really cloaking the information about Oswald's Soviet and Cuban connections. 204 00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:13,920 In Mexico City, two months before the assassination, 205 00:20:13,920 --> 00:20:18,920 a man claiming to be Oswald had visited both the Soviet and Cuban embassies, 206 00:20:18,920 --> 00:20:22,920 demanding a visa allowing him to travel to Russia via Cuba. 207 00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:26,920 He was unsuccessful. The American authorities were aware of this trip. 208 00:20:27,920 --> 00:20:32,920 I asked him if he had ever been to Mexico City, and he became quite upset about that, 209 00:20:32,920 --> 00:20:37,920 but this was more... he was more startled, and he said something to the effect, 210 00:20:37,920 --> 00:20:42,920 how did you know about that? And then wouldn't speak about it anymore. 211 00:20:42,920 --> 00:20:46,920 Whether it was Oswald or an imposter in Mexico City, 212 00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:51,920 it was a connection that the American authorities were anxious to conceal at all... 213 00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:55,920 James Hostey gives the official explanation for this cover-up. 214 00:20:55,920 --> 00:20:59,920 Oswald had been in contact with V.V. Kostakov, 215 00:20:59,920 --> 00:21:06,920 who was the Soviet KGB chief of assassinations and sabotage for the Wester... 216 00:21:06,920 --> 00:21:11,920 I think the fact that Oswald had been in contact shortly before the assassination 217 00:21:11,920 --> 00:21:16,920 with a person of that nature, and due to the fact that he had spent three years in Russia, 218 00:21:16,920 --> 00:21:23,920 this would have caused the American public to become so outraged that it could have led ... 219 00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:28,920 I believe for this reason they decided that they would keep this from the American... 220 00:21:29,920 --> 00:21:32,920 Whatever the real mission was in Mexico City, 221 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:36,920 the American authorities at the highest level were determined that it should never be... 222 00:21:36,920 --> 00:21:44,920 In Mexico City, the CIA agents were instructed to cease and desist their... 223 00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:51,920 of a possible Castro connection to Oswald's assassinating of President Kennedy. 224 00:21:51,920 --> 00:21:59,920 There was a near mutiny among the CIA agents over this order to stop the investigation. 225 00:21:59,920 --> 00:22:07,920 The ambassador to Mexico City stated he was given orders from his superiors to stop th... 226 00:22:07,920 --> 00:22:13,920 and then commented, well, if the president's own brother agreed with it, I guess we'd h... 227 00:22:13,920 --> 00:22:18,920 which would indicate to me that Attorney General Robert Kennedy concurred with the... 228 00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:24,920 to stop the investigation of the Castro connection to Oswald. 229 00:22:30,920 --> 00:22:36,920 In the holding cells of police headquarters in downtown Dallas, time was running out f... 230 00:22:40,920 --> 00:22:44,920 Throughout the relentless interrogations, he had offered no information 231 00:22:44,920 --> 00:22:50,920 other than vehemently protesting his innocence of the murders of both the... 232 00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:57,920 24 hours after his arrest, he was still without legal representation. 233 00:22:59,920 --> 00:23:03,920 Oswald called me from the jail on Saturday after the assassination. 234 00:23:03,920 --> 00:23:06,920 He actually called twice. The first time in the afternoon, 235 00:23:06,920 --> 00:23:10,920 he just asked me to try to reach a lawyer that he was trying to get to represent him. 236 00:23:10,920 --> 00:23:15,920 I said I would, because I thought he should have representation, 237 00:23:15,920 --> 00:23:20,920 but I frankly was stunned that he called, that he asked for something from me at tha... 238 00:23:20,920 --> 00:23:29,920 That was a very brief conversation, and his voice was very flat, detached, 239 00:23:29,920 --> 00:23:35,920 like as if there was no momentous event going on around him or around me. 240 00:23:35,920 --> 00:23:42,920 Then he called again in the evening to try to reach Marina, 241 00:23:42,920 --> 00:23:46,920 and just asked for Marina, just as if it were any week night after work, 242 00:23:46,920 --> 00:23:48,920 and he normally did call her then. 243 00:23:48,920 --> 00:23:56,920 Again, just very detached, very separated, it seemed to me, from what was going on. 244 00:23:57,920 --> 00:24:01,920 For the rest of that day, and most of the following morning, 245 00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:06,920 Oswald's time was filled with more unrecorded interviews with police officials. 246 00:24:08,920 --> 00:24:11,920 Shortly after 11 o'clock on the Sunday morning, 247 00:24:11,920 --> 00:24:15,920 his move to the greater security of the Dallas County Jail began. 248 00:24:15,920 --> 00:24:22,920 When we started to transfer him that morning, we brought his stuff down to him, 249 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:27,920 and that included a couple of sweaters. I believe one was a beige and one was a blac... 250 00:24:27,920 --> 00:24:32,920 It was a little cool, so we asked him if he wanted to wear one of the sweaters, 251 00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:37,920 and he said yes, and I asked him which one, and he said, I believe I'll wear the beige... 252 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:42,920 He started to take it and he said, no, I think I want to wear the black one. 253 00:24:42,920 --> 00:24:45,920 I don't know why, because it wasn't the best sweater. 254 00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:50,920 But anyway, took the cuffs off of him, gave him the sweater, and he put it on, and cuf... 255 00:24:50,920 --> 00:24:57,920 And in talking with Chief there, I suggested to him that morning that we take Oswald ou... 256 00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:02,920 on the first floor, put him in a car on Main Street where there wasn't any people, 257 00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:11,920 and we could be into the county jail before anyone realized that we were transferring... 258 00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:18,920 But he did not agree to that because we were already obligated to transfer him, 259 00:25:18,920 --> 00:25:22,920 so the press could take pictures and everybody else could see it. 260 00:25:22,920 --> 00:25:32,920 So you know what happened. Groobie shot him, and us holding him, which is not good. 261 00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:38,920 Now the prisoner wearing the black sweater, he has changed from his t-shirt, 262 00:25:38,920 --> 00:25:43,920 has been moved out toward an armored car, being let out by Captain Fritz. 263 00:25:43,920 --> 00:25:48,920 There is the prisoner. Do you have anything to say in your defense? 264 00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:54,920 Oswald has been shot. Oswald has been shot. Mass confusion here. 265 00:25:54,920 --> 00:26:00,920 Holy mackerel. A shot rang out as he was led into his car. 266 00:26:00,920 --> 00:26:04,920 The shot has a mass confusion there. 267 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:12,920 I had Oswald, in addition to being handcuffed to him, I had my left hand hooked into his... 268 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:16,920 and I pulled back with him, trying to pull him behind me, 269 00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:20,920 but without any leverage I wasn't able to move him at any distance. 270 00:26:20,920 --> 00:26:24,920 What I succeeded in doing was turning his body a little bit. 271 00:26:24,920 --> 00:26:31,920 Groobie would have shot him if I had not turned him dead center just about where th... 272 00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:36,920 As a result, by me pulling on him trying to turn him in that reflex action, 273 00:26:36,920 --> 00:26:43,920 he shot him over here about four inches to the left of the navel. 274 00:26:43,920 --> 00:26:49,920 The bullet went all the way through him and lodged just under the skin on the right-ha... 275 00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:55,920 It had gone a little higher caliber or more powder in the bullet. 276 00:26:55,920 --> 00:26:59,920 It would have gone on through him and hit me approximately in the same place, 277 00:26:59,920 --> 00:27:05,920 but it stopped just under the skin, and I could roll it around under the skin just l... 278 00:27:05,920 --> 00:27:13,920 I stood beside Dr. Shires and watched the efforts to salvage Mr. Oswald. 279 00:27:13,920 --> 00:27:25,920 I remember that he was given pure oxygen because he was already unconscious and lit... 280 00:27:25,920 --> 00:27:33,920 and when the abdomen was opened, one could hear the blood escaping from the aorta, 281 00:27:33,920 --> 00:27:40,920 and he received 18 pints of blood within the next few minutes in an effort to resuscita... 282 00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:50,920 and he did recover a blood pressure for a moment or two and began to move his arms. 283 00:27:50,920 --> 00:27:58,920 You may recall that the bullet had entered his left chest, had gone through the stoma... 284 00:27:58,920 --> 00:28:04,920 had torn the superior mesenteric artery on the aorta, gone through the vena cava, 285 00:28:04,920 --> 00:28:10,920 passed through the upper pole of the right kidney, buried itself through the liver 286 00:28:10,920 --> 00:28:14,920 and into the skin of the abdominal wall on the opposite side, 287 00:28:14,920 --> 00:28:24,920 and at that time there were few, if any, survivors in America of a simultaneous inj... 288 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:28,920 which was the major injury that Mr. Oswald sustained. 289 00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:37,920 I was probably about 20 to 25 feet from the point of the shooting, and I was looking i... 290 00:28:37,920 --> 00:28:45,920 and when the shot was fired, it didn't really sound like a pistol shot, it was a muffled... 291 00:28:45,920 --> 00:28:53,920 and my first thought was that probably some older officer that was ready to retire tha... 292 00:28:53,920 --> 00:29:01,920 bereaved and grieved over the shooting of Tippett, that really that's what my first... 293 00:29:01,920 --> 00:29:06,920 My first thought was that one of my fellow officers had shot Oswald, 294 00:29:06,920 --> 00:29:12,920 but as the crowd began hollering, the gun passed in front of my face, and I grabbed ... 295 00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:16,920 and I kept hollering, somebody get that gun, somebody get that gun, 296 00:29:16,920 --> 00:29:24,920 and there was a voice that came from this pile of humanity that said they had the gu... 297 00:29:24,920 --> 00:29:30,920 we dragged him back into the jail office where we restrained him and began to get... 298 00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:36,920 Chief Curry, along with Captain Fritz and other top administrators, had originally... 299 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:40,920 it was my understanding, to transfer Oswald during the night, 300 00:29:40,920 --> 00:29:50,920 but outside political pressures coming from as far as Washington insisted that Oswald ... 301 00:29:50,920 --> 00:30:03,920 that he hadn't been beaten, and that the world exposure be granted on this subject,... 302 00:30:03,920 --> 00:30:11,920 Chief Curry did not have the final say as to when or how Oswald was transferred. 303 00:30:11,920 --> 00:30:16,920 It came from his superior, which was the city manager at that time, 304 00:30:16,920 --> 00:30:24,920 so again, we knew better than to transfer him under those conditions, but we didn't have... 305 00:30:24,920 --> 00:30:32,920 I was fairly certain in my mind when I saw Lee Oswald lying on the floor that he was... 306 00:30:32,920 --> 00:30:42,920 and then I went to Parkland Hospital, and certainly he was dead, and that's when I m... 307 00:30:42,920 --> 00:30:54,920 Marina threw an interpreter from SMU, a Russian interpreter, she asked him, could ... 308 00:30:54,920 --> 00:31:04,920 and the doctor told me, said that she shouldn't see the body, they just done an... 309 00:31:04,920 --> 00:31:13,920 but she insisted on seeing him, and his mother, Marguerite, was there, and she... 310 00:31:13,920 --> 00:31:25,920 and there was a tear in the right eye of Lee Oswald, and Marina asked through the... 311 00:31:25,920 --> 00:31:35,920 and the doctor responded, told her that, no, some people die with their eyes open, some... 312 00:31:43,920 --> 00:32:01,920 Paul O'Connor was a medical orderly who assisted at President Kennedy's autopsy on... 313 00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:07,920 For many years he was prevented under threat of court-martial from talking about his... 314 00:32:07,920 --> 00:32:19,920 It was such a relief when the House assassination committee allowed me to talk... 315 00:32:19,920 --> 00:32:28,920 and I'm glad it was brought out of the closet, at least I don't have to walk arou... 316 00:32:29,920 --> 00:32:37,920 you people don't realize what I did, or what I saw, you just believe what you are told ... 317 00:32:37,920 --> 00:32:50,920 and you know he was shot, you know he was dead, and you know he was buried, and that... 318 00:32:51,920 --> 00:32:55,920 and that was a hell of a feeling to cure around with you. 319 00:32:55,920 --> 00:33:04,920 In speaking out about what he saw at the Washington autopsy, Paul O'Connor has expo... 320 00:33:04,920 --> 00:33:07,920 and in particular the President's wounds. 321 00:33:07,920 --> 00:33:17,920 In Dallas, minutes after the assassination, the doctors at Parkland Hospital, in addit... 322 00:33:17,920 --> 00:33:22,920 had also observed a small wound in his throat, as Dr. Robert McClelland explains. 323 00:33:22,920 --> 00:33:32,920 Dr. Perry told me as I was helping him do the tracheostomy, that he had made the incisio... 324 00:33:32,920 --> 00:33:41,920 for placement of the tube and the windpipe, through the little wound that had been in ... 325 00:33:41,920 --> 00:33:53,920 and as I understand, nicked the tie a little bit in coming through, and I estimate from... 326 00:33:53,920 --> 00:33:57,920 was perhaps the size of the end of my little finger, very small. 327 00:33:57,920 --> 00:34:09,920 What I would usually think about that kind of wound, and what I thought about that one f... 328 00:34:09,920 --> 00:34:15,920 It's all pictured at the throat wound, a nice little neat wound about like this, is what... 329 00:34:15,920 --> 00:34:20,920 When it actually was a great, big, nasty, blown out wound. 330 00:34:20,920 --> 00:34:23,920 Just a big mess. 331 00:34:23,920 --> 00:34:29,920 Why they would say this is what it looked like when it didn't, is just beyond me. 332 00:34:29,920 --> 00:34:33,920 The rendition is just totally fab created. 333 00:34:34,920 --> 00:34:40,920 But the official autopsy photographs are not the only dubious aspect of that night's... 334 00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:47,920 When somebody is shot and killed, they do easily what they call a legal postmortem, 335 00:34:47,920 --> 00:34:58,920 and that involves plotting a trajectory of a missile, where it comes in and goes out, w... 336 00:34:58,920 --> 00:35:05,920 They weren't really interested, it seems, on how it happened, where it happened from. 337 00:35:05,920 --> 00:35:11,920 Nobody had mentioned whether he had got shot in the front or the back or the side or what. 338 00:35:11,920 --> 00:35:18,920 I remember that Dr. Humes was just about ready to pull his hair out, because he was... 339 00:35:18,920 --> 00:35:27,920 And he'd start to do something, and Admiral Berkeley would say, don't do that, and he'... 340 00:35:27,920 --> 00:35:33,920 And I thought to myself, this is a very unbelievable, strange night. 341 00:35:33,920 --> 00:35:38,920 I felt like I was in some kind of a horror story that was real. 342 00:35:38,920 --> 00:35:48,920 But what really scared me was about several days later, after the autopsy, we were... 343 00:35:48,920 --> 00:35:57,920 all of us that had anything to do with the autopsy, where we signed orders that state... 344 00:35:57,920 --> 00:36:02,920 you will not divulge any information or talk to anybody. 345 00:36:02,920 --> 00:36:04,920 That's what scared me. 346 00:36:04,920 --> 00:36:12,920 Dr. Cyril Wecht, a distinguished forensic pathologist and a fearless critic of the... 347 00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:23,920 I think it would still be possible, even today, to determine how, in fact, John... 348 00:36:23,920 --> 00:36:26,920 I would like to see a real murder investigation conducted. 349 00:36:26,920 --> 00:36:37,920 I would like to see FBI agents and other law enforcement people going to individuals wh... 350 00:36:37,920 --> 00:36:45,920 find out where the brain is, find out where the cotechromes of the interior chest woun... 351 00:36:45,920 --> 00:36:51,920 I would like to see all of the evidence brought together and a thorough scientific... 352 00:36:51,920 --> 00:36:58,920 I would also like to see repeat experiments done, shooting a Manneker Korkano with 6.5... 353 00:36:58,920 --> 00:37:05,920 through goat carcasses and human cadavers to simulate the bony fractures in Governor Jo... 354 00:37:05,920 --> 00:37:08,920 And let's see what those bullets look like. Those things can be done. 355 00:37:08,920 --> 00:37:15,920 If they are done, then I am convinced that the Warren Commission report will crumble... 356 00:37:15,920 --> 00:37:21,920 And, of course, the people on the other side, they're not stupid. They are also convince... 357 00:37:21,920 --> 00:37:26,920 and that is exactly why such a new investigation is not being undertaken. 358 00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:36,920 But the questioning voice of the American people refuses to be silenced. 359 00:37:36,920 --> 00:37:44,920 Each year on the anniversary of the assassination, a dedicated band of... 360 00:37:44,920 --> 00:37:50,920 typical of those millions of Americans who have refused to swallow their government's... 361 00:37:51,920 --> 00:37:59,920 Through their diverse efforts and their persistence, critics such as these have ke... 362 00:38:09,920 --> 00:38:14,920 As with most people, I believed the Warren report at first. I think we all had to. 363 00:38:14,920 --> 00:38:19,920 We needed to know that there was no nameless they that got away with this, that it had... 364 00:38:19,920 --> 00:38:25,920 But the more that was written, the more that we learned, the more questions there were. 365 00:38:25,920 --> 00:38:29,920 For every question that was answered, there were ten more new ones that needed to be... 366 00:38:29,920 --> 00:38:38,920 And I felt that for my own sake, for all of our peace of mind, we needed to know more ... 367 00:38:38,920 --> 00:38:40,920 They didn't tell us the truth. 368 00:38:40,920 --> 00:38:47,920 It's a very valid criticism of the Warren Commission that it failed to follow up man... 369 00:38:47,920 --> 00:38:53,920 One of the best examples, I think, is the fake secret service man up on the grassy... 370 00:38:53,920 --> 00:38:59,920 Within a minute or two after the shooting, Officer Joe Marshall Smith ran up on the... 371 00:38:59,920 --> 00:39:06,920 That's where they all went initially. And Joe Smith pulled his pistol when he spotted a ... 372 00:39:06,920 --> 00:39:13,920 This is a man dressed in a coat and tie. And this man, even looking right into Smith's... 373 00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:17,920 And he pulled out some credentials to Officer Smith, indicated that this man was... 374 00:39:17,920 --> 00:39:21,920 Smith left him alone and went away, investigating other areas in the Plaza. 375 00:39:21,920 --> 00:39:30,920 The important part is that the secret service at no time had any agents anywhere in Deal... 376 00:39:30,920 --> 00:39:37,920 So here's a guy passing himself off as a secret service agent to a Dallas police... 377 00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:41,920 The Warren Commission either didn't know that or didn't want to know. 378 00:39:41,920 --> 00:39:45,920 They didn't even ask Officer Smith pertinent questions about that encounter. 379 00:39:45,920 --> 00:39:54,920 And to me, that's one of the great failings of the Warren Commission and a typical... 380 00:39:55,920 --> 00:40:06,920 There was some new evidence that came out in late 1976, evidence that I was responsible... 381 00:40:06,920 --> 00:40:13,920 The department was using two at that time. And some interference began just a couple... 382 00:40:13,920 --> 00:40:22,920 And that interference continued for five minutes or so after the assassination, and... 383 00:40:22,920 --> 00:40:26,920 What wasn't known was which officer was responsible for it. 384 00:40:26,920 --> 00:40:35,920 My thinking was that if the officer were in or very close to Dealey Plaza, his open... 385 00:40:35,920 --> 00:40:44,920 From that theory sprang an investigation by the House Assassinations Committee, and af... 386 00:40:44,920 --> 00:40:58,920 They had the scientists analyze the recordings and decided that after some tes... 387 00:40:58,920 --> 00:41:01,920 And that, of course, proved conspiracy. 388 00:41:01,920 --> 00:41:07,920 For two years, through political turmoil, the House Committee flourished. 389 00:41:08,920 --> 00:41:16,920 It investigated areas that needed to be investigated, some that we hadn't thought ... 390 00:41:16,920 --> 00:41:25,920 And as a result, after the dust cleared, we were given a report. The report said, yes,... 391 00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:28,920 There were at least two people firing at President Kennedy. 392 00:41:29,920 --> 00:41:40,920 Much of the evidence leading toward involvement of government investigative... 393 00:41:40,920 --> 00:41:46,920 Some recommendations were made to the Justice Department. They were never followed through. 394 00:41:46,920 --> 00:41:55,920 During the House Assassinations Committee hearings, the FBI and CIA admitted that th... 395 00:41:55,920 --> 00:42:03,920 Not a single person was ever put to task for this. They were just allowed to go. And... 396 00:42:03,920 --> 00:42:09,920 We can't know the truth unless we have subpoena power and people that want to kno... 397 00:42:09,920 --> 00:42:18,920 If they don't want to know the truth, whether because they don't believe in it or becaus... 398 00:42:18,920 --> 00:42:28,920 But how can this country go on? After a quarter of a century of this cover-up, how... 399 00:42:28,920 --> 00:42:37,920 The House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded, primarily on the acoustics... 400 00:42:37,920 --> 00:42:50,920 And they decided, based on the scientific evidence that took a period of some nine t... 401 00:42:50,920 --> 00:42:59,920 But shot number three did come from the grassy knoll to the President's right fron... 402 00:42:59,920 --> 00:43:05,920 So all this means that according to the United States government, there are now tw... 403 00:43:05,920 --> 00:43:14,920 The Warren Commission says there was one shooter and three shots. The House... 404 00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:17,920 That's where we're stuck, and we have been since 1978. 405 00:43:18,920 --> 00:43:29,920 Given the nature of the President's most powerful enemies at that time, and who had... 406 00:43:29,920 --> 00:43:39,920 The more militarily oriented of the anti-Castro Cubans, people who felt betray... 407 00:43:39,920 --> 00:43:47,920 The mob who wanted the gaming rights back in Havana. They were losing millions of dolla... 408 00:43:47,920 --> 00:43:52,920 The ultra-right wing who hated President Kennedy for virtually everything he stood... 409 00:43:52,920 --> 00:44:04,920 And the ultra-right wing hawks within the CIA, the ones who had been fired, or peopl... 410 00:44:04,920 --> 00:44:13,920 They all had a common goal. They wanted the President out of the way. They wanted Cuba... 411 00:44:13,920 --> 00:44:19,920 They had the most to gain. They had the motive, the opportunity, and the means to... 412 00:44:19,920 --> 00:44:25,920 If that is the cake, then the icing on the cake is the President's decision to withdr... 413 00:44:25,920 --> 00:44:30,920 That was the CIA's war. They wanted it. They wanted to promote it. They wanted to push it. 414 00:44:30,920 --> 00:44:36,920 The people who I think had most to gain, as they saw it, were the... 415 00:44:36,920 --> 00:44:44,920 It's a myth that the intelligence agents don't make policy. They make it all the ti... 416 00:44:44,920 --> 00:44:54,920 The people who had most to gain were those who didn't want the peace in the world tha... 417 00:44:55,920 --> 00:45:02,920 The people who didn't want John Kennedy to be President were those who were making... 418 00:45:02,920 --> 00:45:09,920 Had Kennedy lived, I think we would have had no Vietnam War with all of its traumatic a... 419 00:45:09,920 --> 00:45:13,920 I think we would have escaped that. I think the world would have escaped. 420 00:45:13,920 --> 00:45:22,920 The 50,000-odd Americans dead and 300,000 more wounded and over half a million more... 421 00:45:22,920 --> 00:45:28,920 The divisiveness of that war that so many of the people thought unjustified and... 422 00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:33,920 It split this country widely, and many of those things have lingered on since. 423 00:45:34,920 --> 00:45:43,920 Kennedy made a speech at the American University in June of the year before he... 424 00:45:43,920 --> 00:45:47,920 He was very disturbed by our involvement in Vietnam, which he inherited. 425 00:45:48,920 --> 00:46:01,920 And there came a time when he called his generals in and spoke to them, and after h... 426 00:46:01,920 --> 00:46:09,920 The plan was to begin by withdrawing 1,000 a month. 17,000 were to be withdrawn by the... 427 00:46:10,920 --> 00:46:14,920 One plane load reached the United States when John Kennedy was killed. 428 00:46:14,920 --> 00:46:19,920 Three days after the assassination, the body wasn't yet in the ground. 429 00:46:19,920 --> 00:46:31,920 The Pentagon issued what they called a re-evaluation of its re-evaluation, and th... 430 00:46:31,920 --> 00:46:33,920 The whole world turned around on it. 431 00:46:33,920 --> 00:46:38,920 The world will not within the lifetime of anybody living today recover from just that. 432 00:46:38,920 --> 00:46:44,920 Kennedy represented a voice of hope, a voice of opportunity, a voice for the future,... 433 00:46:44,920 --> 00:46:54,920 People could hardly stand on their feet to jump up and down when he came along the... 434 00:46:54,920 --> 00:47:01,920 And people were depressed and mourned over it and thought we had lost our brightest and... 435 00:47:03,920 --> 00:47:10,920 The most important effect once the Warren Report came out was disenchantment and... 436 00:47:10,920 --> 00:47:13,920 I can't tell you how many collegiate audiences reflected this. 437 00:47:13,920 --> 00:47:18,920 All people of all ages reflected it on the radio talk shows, which spent a lot of tim... 438 00:47:18,920 --> 00:47:24,920 So people lost their faith in the government, and the government earned that loss of faith. 439 00:47:24,920 --> 00:47:31,920 And I think perhaps the second is more important, that when the government justif... 440 00:47:31,920 --> 00:47:47,920 The strongest ally the cover-up has had has been the American media, both because they... 441 00:47:47,920 --> 00:47:49,920 One of the two. 442 00:47:49,920 --> 00:47:56,920 None of the things that the critics brought to light were treated responsibly by any... 443 00:47:56,920 --> 00:48:04,920 If it hadn't been for the kookiest of all, the radio talk shows, we critics would not... 444 00:48:04,920 --> 00:48:11,920 The Washington Post resisted it, the New York Times resisted it, the major TV networks... 445 00:48:11,920 --> 00:48:17,920 Unless you had something nutty, unless you had something dramatic, unless you had... 446 00:48:17,920 --> 00:48:20,920 But substantial criticism never had a voice. 447 00:48:20,920 --> 00:48:24,920 And that's what the working of a democratic society requires. 448 00:48:24,920 --> 00:48:32,920 Most of all, when it's a crime of the magnitude of the subversiveness of this on... 449 00:48:32,920 --> 00:48:42,920 If the press would just open their eyes, if the media would accept the fact of the... 450 00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:48,920 A handful of critics and researchers in this case have gotten remarkably far on their own. 451 00:48:48,920 --> 00:48:55,920 But if the press would just be honest about it, and question, and do their job, we cou... 452 00:48:55,920 --> 00:49:02,920 The fact of the assassination conspiracy is beyond doubt. Only the scope is in question. 453 00:49:02,920 --> 00:49:11,920 I'm a first generation American. I'm the first member of my family, born at least... 454 00:49:11,920 --> 00:49:14,920 I can't go back to Adam and freedom. 455 00:49:14,920 --> 00:49:18,920 None of my predecessors ever had it. 456 00:49:18,920 --> 00:49:26,920 And I've been a writer, an investigator, reporter, a Senate investigator, an... 457 00:49:26,920 --> 00:49:35,920 And the older I get, the more convinced I become that despite all its failings, we h... 458 00:49:35,920 --> 00:49:37,920 And it's got so many failings. 459 00:49:37,920 --> 00:49:46,920 But for the system to work, those who are responsible for saying to it that it works... 460 00:49:46,920 --> 00:49:50,920 In this case, didn't happen. They subverted it instead. 461 00:49:50,920 --> 00:49:55,920 The assassination nullified our system, and the investigation nullified our system. 462 00:49:55,920 --> 00:50:05,920 My investigation has been different than that of others who are known as critics, becaus... 463 00:50:05,920 --> 00:50:11,920 And obviously the conclusions are obvious. They all fail. All, on all levels.